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1CC NGUYN TC
QUN L D N
Phan Th Thu Hng
1
2Vic qun l d n l mt nguyn tc. N bao gm
cc quy tc, cc phng php cng nh cc k thut
c xy dng mt cch chuyn bit nhm x l
nhng cng vic mang tnh thch thc i vi qu
trnh qun l d n t khi nim cho n khi hon tt.2
3MC TIU
Kt thc lm vic vi ch ny, bn s c kh nng tthn trong:
nh gi cc tng trc khi chng tr thnh d
n
S dng cc cng c v cc k thut hoch nh
mang tnh cu trc xy dng cc k hoach thc thi
d n vi s cn bng gia chi ph Thi gian cht
lng
Xy dng h thng kim sot o lng kt qu
thc hin d n tha mn cc bn c lin quan3
4D N TIN TRIN NH TH NO?
tng Gii hn c hi d n Tp hp d n gii hn
u tin D n
La chn d n
Thc hin d nQun l Danh mc
4
5 TNG:
D N BT NGUN NH TH NO?
5
6Thc hin thay i chin lc
Thc hin D n thnh cng l cha kho png mc tiu ca chin lc kinh doanh
M rng
Th trng
Chin lc u t
Gii thiu
Sn phm mi
Pht trin
H tng
Ci tin
Quy trnh
Sp nhp &
Mua li
D n
6
CSR
7 Cc cng ty phi pht trin cc chin lc nh gi v
ti nh gi vic s dng ngun lc
Mi cch s dng ngun lc chnh l mt qu trnh u
t cho tng lai
Mt s qu trnh u t hin hu trong cc d n
7
QUN TR DANH MC D N
8 TNG HNH THNH D N
Nhu cu th trng : Cc sn phm v dch v mi, th trng mi
Nhu cu kinh doanh mi: s m rng, hot ng kinh doanh mi, b tr li
hot ng kinh doanh
Nhu cu t chc
Li ngh hoc s t hng ca khch hng
Cc li th cng ngh
yu cu lut nh
Cc tc ng n mi trng sinh thi
S pht trin cc nhu cu x hi: Trch nhim x hi ca doanh nghip (CSR)
9MT VI D N M rng th trng
Xy dng h tng, Nh my mi
D n Kinh t
Nghin cu v trin khai (R&D)
Marketing GreenMarketing
Sn xut i mi cng ngh, i mi dy chuyn thit b sn xut
Ci thin Cht lng
Cp nht CNTT, sn xut sn phm mi
DANH MC D N9
10
DANH MC D N CC VN NI BT
Qu nhiu d n
D n sai
D n khng lin quan ti mc tiu chin lc
Danh mc khng cn bng
Qu nhiu bn cung m khng ch n bn cu
Trin khai qu nhiu, nghin cu cha
Qu nhiu d n ngn hn v khng d n di hn
10
11
NHIU HN KHNG C NGHA L TT HN. T HN I KHI L
TT HN
U TIN DANH MC D N
11
12
U TIN D N
Doanh nghip thc hin u tin d n nh th no?
Ti sao chng ta u tin Danh mc D n?
Yu cu ca u tin D n?
12
U TIN D N
iu hnh d n yu thch v ha hn qua loa
Cch tip cn v trnh by khng nht qun
Ko di s chp thun d n v nhm ln v n y trchnhim chnh tr
i khi doanh nghip thc hin u tin nh th no?
U TIN D N
V s cnh tranh gay gt cho ngun ti nguyn c hn
Doanh nghip thiu cc m hnh xp hng u tin d n
Doanh nghip lm th no a ra quyt nh thuyt phcv cc ngh d n u tin dnh s quan tm qun l
cho cc d n canh tranh nhau ny
Ti sao chng ta u tin Danh mc D n?
U TIN D N
Khng mang tnh chnh tr
Khng b sai lch chc nng
Quy trnh c chun ho
Khng mang tnh ch quan
Khng ngha Thng/ Thua
Khng mt thi gian
Khng nhm ln
Yu cu ca u tin D n:
U TIN D N
LA CHN D N V CC TIU CHUN CHN LA
Mt trong nhiu quyt nh lin quan n
qun l d n
Khi no cn n?
C nhiu d n mun thc hin nhng
ngun lc sn c l c gii hn
C nhiu phng n cnh tranh nhauc a ra thc hin d n
Cc loi m hnh la chn d n
Cc m hnh nh tnh
Cc m hnh nh lng
17
2. Cc tiu ch quyt nh mt m hnh la chn
d n (Souder-1973)
Tnh Thc t (realism)
Nng lc (Capability)
Tnh linh hot (Flexibility)
D s dng (Ease of use)
Chi ph thp (Low cost)
(Jack R.Meredith, Samuel J.Mantel, JR 2003)
D vi tnh ha (Easy computerization)
17
U TIN D NLa chn d n v cc tiu chun chn la
18
BN CHT CA CC M HNH
LA CHN D N
1. Cc m hnh khng thc hin vic ra quyt nh y chnh l
hot ng ca con ngi
Nh qun l ch khng phi m hnh chu trch nhim cho quyt
nh
Nh qun l c th giao ph cc nhim v ra quyt nh cho mt
m hnh, nhng trch nhim th khng th b chi b
2. Tt c cc m hnh, d l cng phu, cng ch th hin mt
phn thc t m n mun phn nh
Khng c mt m hnh no cho ra mt quyt nh ti u
Do xy dng mt m hnh la chn d n phi p ng
hai c tnh trn v phi nh gi c cc d n tim
nng vi mc m n p ng cc mc tiu ca cng ty18
19
Cc yu t nh gi d n
Cc yu t v sn xut
Cc yu t v tip th
Cc yu t v ti chnh
Cc yu t v nhn s
Cc yu t v hnh chnh v cc yu t khc
(MBA trong tm tay- Qun l d n- P94,95)
20
Cc bc chun b trong vic sdng mt m hnh bao gm:
1. Xc nh danh mc cc mc tiu ca cng ty
2. nh trng s cho cc mc tiu
3. Xc nh tc ng c th c ca d n i vi
kh nng cnh tranh ca t chc
21
CC LOI M HNH LA CHN D N1. Cc m hnh nh tnh
Con b thing (The Saccred Cow)
D n c ngh bi ngi c quyn lc cao nht trong t chc
S cn thit cho hot ng (The Operating Necessity)
Nu mt trn lt ang e da nh my, mt d n xy dng bao bo v khng yu cu nhiu nh gi chnh thc
i din vi cnh tranh (The Competitive Necessity)
D n c thc hin nhm duy tr v th cnh tranh ca cng ty trn th trng
M rng dy chuyn sn xut
Mt d n pht trin v phn phi cc sn phm mi s c nh gi theo mc m n p ng dy chuyn sn xut hin hu ca cng ty tc ng n kt qu thc hin tng th ca h thng
- 21
22
CC LOI M HNH LA CHN D N
2. Cc m hnh nh lng2.1. Li nhun: NPV, IRR, PP, B/C
Da trn vic phn tch ngn lu ca d n
Gi tr tin t theo thi gian: Sut chit khu
Cu hi c bn : D n c ng gi hay khng ?
Lm th no la chn d n tt nht t danh mc d n?
2.2. M hnh tnh im
M hnh khng dng trng s theo cc yu t 0-1
M hnh tnh im khng nh trng s
M hnh tnh im c trng s
22
MU NH GI D N -M HNH CHO IM 0 -1
D n
Ngi nh gi Ngy
STT Cc tiu ch tiu
chun
Khng
tiu chun
Khng yu cu tng nng lng s dng X
Khng yu cu XD nh my mi X
Khng yu cu cc chuyn vin k thut mi X
Khng suy gim cht lng sn phm cui cng X
C th qun l d n vi nhn s hin ti X
Khng yu cu ti c cu t chc X
T sut li nhun sau thu ln hn 15% X
c tnh li nhun hng nm ln hn $250.000 X
Ph hp vi vic kinh doanh hin ti X
Tc ng ln hnh nh cng ty
i vi khch hng X
i vi cng ty X
TNG CNG 7 4
24
MU NH GI D N
-M HNH CHO IM C NH TRNG S
25
QUY TRNH V DANH MC D N
1. Thnh lp hi ng d n
2. Nhn dng cc tiu ch v loi hnh d n
3. Thu thp d liu
4. nh gi v cc ngun lc sn c
5. Gim ti cc d n v cc tiu ch
6. Sp xp th t u tin i vi cc d n trong cc loi hnh
7. Chn d n s c cp vn v d n d phng
8. Trin khai d n
25
HAI TIN TRNH TRONG GIAI ON KHI S D
N NH NGHA D N
Pht trin Bn tuyn b d nNgay khi cc d n c la chn, mt s chp nhn
chnh thc i vi d n thng qua mt ti liu c
gi l bn tuyn b d n
Phn tch cc thnh vin c lin quan
Lp danh sch cc thnh vin c lin quan v chin lc qun l cc thnh vin c lin quan
BN TUYN B D N(PROJECT CHARTER)
n t bn ngoi d n v nh ngha d n
Ghi chp li cc nhu cu kinh doanh, s hiu bit hin c v cc nhu cu
ca khch hng v cc sn phm, dch v, kt qu mi c d kin
tha mn cc nhu cu ny
Mt vn bn c cha cc iu khon hp ng gia nh ti tr/Khch
hng v gim c d n
Cung cp nn tng, mc tiu, v ranh gii chung cho d n
m bo phm vi v cc li ch d kin c hiu bi c hai bn
Khng b thay i trong sut d n.
Phi ngn gn
BN TUYN B D N BAO GM: Mc tiu d n,
M t d n
Cc yu cu thc hin : cc sn phm, dch v hoc kt qu
hon thnh
Cc tiu ch c th chp nhn sn phm, dch v hoc kt qu
Ranh gii d n
Cc rng buc v gi nh; Cc ri ro c th c; Lch trnh; Gii hnngn sch; c tnh chi ph; Chi tit k thut.
Cc yu cu ph chun d n
Phn cng Gim c d n: Trch nhim v quyn hn
Tn v thm quyn ca Nh ti tr hoc nhng ngi ph
chun bn tuyn b d n
PHN TCH CC THNH VIN C LIN QUAN
Cc bn lin quan l cc c nhn, cc nhm lm vic v cc t
chc tham gia mt cch ch ng trong d n, hoc nhng
ngi c nhng mi quan tm c th nh hng tch cc hay
tiu cc n kt qu thc hin d n hoc s hon thnhd n.
Phn tch cc bn lin quan phc v hai mc ch:
xc nh nhu cu thng tin ca cc bn lin quan khc nhau.
a ra mt chin lc truyn thng s phc v tt nht cho d n.
Bn nn suy ngh k v cc bn c lin quan v bn s cn trao i
vi h trc, trong sut v sau d n.
29
Phan
Th Thu
Hng
30
NHNG IU QUAN TRNG CN XC NH V
CC BN LIN QUAN N D N
Lp danh sch cc thnh vin c lin quan Thng tin nhn dng: Tn, v tr trong t chc, v tr, vai tr trong d
n, thng tin lin h
Thng tin nh gi: yu cu chnh, k vng chnh, nh hng tim nng
ca d n, giai on trong vng i vi s quan tm nht, v
Phn loi cc bn lin quan: ni b / bn ngoi, ng h / trung lp/ cntr, v.v
Chin lc qun l cc bn c lin quan Cc thnh vin c lin quan quan trng Ngi c tc ng
ng k n d n
Mc tham gia vo d n c mong i i vi mi thnhvin lin quan c nhn dng
Cc nhm thnh vin c lin quan v s qun l ca h
31
MI QUAN H GIA D N V
CC THNH VIN D N
D n
Gim cDA
i QLDACc TV
i DA khc
Nhti tr
QL vnhnh
Cc G chc nng
Nh cungcp
Khchhng
Cc TV linquan khc
G cc danhmc u t
G chngtrnh
C quanQLDA
Cc thnh vin lin quan d n
i d n
DANH SCH THNH VIN C LIN QUAN
(STAKEHOLDER REGISTER)
Tn d n Ngy
Giai on d n
Gim c d n
TnChc
v
B phn/
Cng ty
Vai tr
trong
d n
Loi
Thnh
vin c
lin quan
Cch
thc
lin
h
Cc yu
cu chnh
Cc k
vng
S nh
hng
PHN TCH CC BN C LIN QUAN
Tn v
vai tr
ca cc
thnh
vin c
lin quan
Tm
quan
trng?
(Thp -
Trung
bnh
Cao)
Mc
h tr
hin ti?
(Thp
Trung
bnh-
Cao)
Bn
mun g
t cc
thnh
vin c
lin
quan?
iu g l
quan
trng i
vi cc
thnh
vin c
lin
quan?
TV c
lin quan
c th
cn tr
n lc
ca bn
nh th
no?
Chin
lc gia
tng s
h tr
ca cc
thnh
vin c
lin quan
34
XY DNG
K HOCH THC HIN D N
CU HI THO LuN
d n thnh cng chng ta c nht thit phi lp k hoch khng?
Ti sao?
34
XY DNG K HOCH D N ...
L vic to ra mt k hoch d n chi tit m nh
qun l d n s xem xt xuyn sut d n theo di v
kim sot thi gian, chi ph v cht lng
Cc tin trnh hoch nh pht trin mt k hoch qun l
d n v cc ti liu d n m n s c s dng
thc hin d n
1/19/2015
35
Th.s
Pha
n Th Thu
Hng
36
LI CH CA VIC HOCH NH DN
Thit lp mt chun mc cho cc thng tin d n
Tnh ton cho tng lai
Dn dt doanh nghip
Mi mt mc tiu gn vi mt hay nhiu d n
Cc phng php hoch nh th hin cc yu cu vngun lc cho mi d n ring l hnh thnh nn mt ccu d bo nhu cu v ngun lc cho ton th doanhnghip
Nu khng c cc thng tin ny doanh nghip s theoui nhiu d n hn so vi gii hn v ngun lc mh c 36
37
CC K HOCH D N HNH THNH NN YU CU NHN S
DOANH NGHIP
Tm nhn, S mnh
Mc tiu 1
D n A D n B
Mc tiu 2
Nhim v v tm nhn c chuyn
thnh mc tiu
D N A
D N B
D N C
YU CU V NHN S
Khoa hc
K thut
QL cht lng
Cc mc tiu t c
Cc k hoch thc hin
Ngun nhn s ti u c k vng
Yu cu nhn s
Cc mc tiu c u tin
Nhn s sn c
Cng vic
Mc tiu c phn thnh cc d n
YU CU V NHN S CA DOANH NGHIP
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91
0
1
112
Khoa hc
K thut
QL cht
lng37
Th.s
Pha
n Th Thu
Hng
38
LI CH CA VIC HOCH NH D N
If you dont plan for the project, you are planning for
failure
Plans act as a road map of complicated process to manage
project
1/19/2015
39
CC BC HOCH NH D N
Xc nh phm
vi d n
M t cng
vic
T chc
d n
Hoch nh
ngun lc
Lp tin
Hoch nh
kim sot
39
40
1. PHM VI L G?
L cch thc m t gii hn ca mt d n.
Xc nh d n s chuyn giao v khng chuyngiao nhng g.
Nu bn khng bit ci m bn s chuyn giao vgii hn ca bn, bn s chng c c hi thnhcng.
Bn bo co phm vi d n xc nh nhng mc nmtrong gii hn ca d n v ci g nm bn ngoid n.
Bn nhn din c cng nhiu nhiu kha cnhca phm vi d n, d n s c kt qu tt hn.
40
41
XC NH PHM VI L G?
41
Trong bi cnh d n, thut ng phm vi c th k n
l:
Phm vi sn phm - kt qu cui cng ca d n:nhng c tnh v chc nng m n c trng cho
mt sn phm, dch v hoc kt qu; v
Phm vi d n. Nhng cng vic cn c hon
thnh to ra mt sn phm, dch v hoc kt qu
vi nhng c tnh v chc nng c th
42
XC NH PHM VI L G?
Ngun thng tin xc nh phm vi:
Hp ng
Bn xc nh cng vic
c tnh v K hoch cng vic cp cao
K vng ca cc bn tham gia
Trnh by phm vi nh thno:
Mt danh sch trong/ ngoi - xc nh/ cp nht cng vic/ nhim v(vd: Bn xc nh cng vic)
Danh mc sn phm chuyn giao v cc tham chiu cho vi bn xc nh cng vic
H s k vng ca cc bn tham gia sau khi sng lc
42
43
THC HIN CC BC SAU BT U
1. Hiu bit bc tranh tng th L ton b d n v nhng g xy ra chung quanh
d n
2. Nhn din k vng ca cc bn tham gia/ c lin quan v thm quyn quyt nh ca h.
3. So snh phm vi d n ca bn vi cc hot ng khc
Ghi nhn cc trng lp v cc lin i ph thuc
4. Xc nh hoc r sot danh mc sn phm chuyn giao h tr phm vi v yu cu.
Tham chiu cho vi bn xc nh cng vic. (Xc nh ngi ra quyt nh v nm gi vic xc nh)
43
44
BO CO PHM VI D N
Cung cp mt m t chi tit v cc kt qu chuyn giao ca d n v cng vic c yu cu to ra cc kt qu chuyn giao ny,
Cung cp mt s hiu bit cn bn v pham vi d n gia cc thnh vin c lin quan ca d n
L mt ti liu quan trng m bn s cp nht lin tc v s dng nh mt ti liu c bn cho d n ca bn
c vit trong giai on khi s d n
Ty thuc vo qui m v phc tp ca d n cng nh kin thc ca bn v lnh vc d n m bn cn tchc cuc hp vi cc thnh vin c lin quan hon chnh bo co phm vi v t c s chp thun 44
45
NI DUNG BO CO PHM VI D N
1. Mc tiu d n
M t mc tiu d n p ng tnh cht SMART
2. Cc kt qu k vng
Lit k cc kt qu k vng c to ra bi d n
3. Cc im mc
4. Cc yu cu k thut
5. Cc gi nh, cc ri ro/cc rng buc
6. Cc thnh vin c lin quan
45
46
TRCH NHIM CA TRNG D N
Hiu bit phm vi cng vic m bn chu trch
nhim c tnh v qun l.
Hiu bit v k vng ca cc bn tham gia/ c
lin quan. Hy trao i vi h sm hn v
thng xuyn.
Thng tin r rng v lp h s cc gi nh, ri
ro, vn , v tc ng ca chng ln phm vi.
Hiu bit khng ch v d n m cn phi ch
n tng th ton cnh/ mi trng chung
quanh.
46
47
CC BC HOCH NH D N
Xc nh phm
vi d n
M t cng
vic
T chc
d n
Hoch nh
ngun lc
Lp tin
Hoch nh
kim sot
47
48
2. M T CNG VIC D N
- PHT TRIN CU TRC PHN VIC (WBS)
WBS xc nh tt c cc cng vic trong mt d n
WBS chuyn mt cng vic ln, hay mt khi cng vic- d
n thnh nhng cng vic nh hn c th qun l c
WBS c th c thit lp bng dng ha hay biu mu
n gin
WBS lm r v cung cp cc chi tit v cc con s, cc hot
ng ca qun l d n. Xy dng WBS gip nh qun l:
Cung cp mt s minh ha chi tit v phm vi d n
Gim st quy trnh
Cho phep d bo chnh xc
Xy dng cc nhm d n48
CU TRC PHN VIC - WBS
Nhim v
1.1.1.0
Mc tiu d n
(Project Objective)
1.0.0.0
Hot ng
1.1.0.0
Hot ng
1.3.0.0
Hot ng
1.4.0.0
Hot ng
1.5.0.0
Hot ng
1.2.0.0
Nhim v
1.3.1.0
Nhim v
1.3.2.0
Nhim v
1.3.3.0
Nhim v
1.1.2.0
Cp 1
(D n hon thnh)
Cp 2
Cp 3
Cp 4
(Gi cng vic)
1.3.2.1
WP
1.3.2.2
WP
1.3.2.3
WP
50
CU TRC PHN VIC DNG S
D n lm p phong cnh
1.0 Thit k khung cnh
nh
2.0
Thit k bi c
2.1 Tp kt vt liu bi c
2.2 Lp t h thng ti
nc
2.2.1 Xc nh v tr lp
nc
2.2.2
o rnh
2.2.3 Lp t
ng nc v phn
cng
2.2.4 Che y h thng
phun nc
2.3
Trng c
2.4 Trng
cc loi cy bi
3.0
Xy dng hng ro
3.1
Tp kt vt liu cho hng ro
3.2
Thi cng hng ro
3.2.1 nh
du hng ro v cc ct
tr
3.2.2
t ct tr
3.2.3 Lp t cc hng
ro v cc cng
3.2.4
Sn/ Nhum hng ro
50
51
CU TRC PHN VIC DNG MC
1.0. Thit k phong cnh
2.0. Lm c2.1. Tp kt NVL lm c
2.1. Lp t h thng phun chng chy
2.2.1. Xc nh cc v tr t bnh phun nc
2.2.2. o rnh cha nc
2.2.3. Ci t cc phn cng v ng dn
2.3. Trng c
2.3.1. Loi cc mnh vn i
2.3.2. Chun b t trng, ht ging, co
2.3.3. Trng cc ht ging c
2.4. Trng cc cy bi
3.0 Xy dng hng ro3.1. Tp kt cc nguyn liu lm hng ro
3.2. Xy dng hng ro
3.2.1. nh du mc ro
3.2.2. ng cc ro
3.2.3. Lm cng v lm hng ro
3.2.4. Sn mu hng ro
D n lm p phong cnh
51
52
2. Phn chia cc mc tiu theo cng tc
1.1 Pht trin mt chng trnh1.1.1 Thit lp ch v ti
1.1.2 Tm kim ngi thuyt minh
1.1.3 Chun b cc ti liu ca hi ngh1.1.3.1 Nhn c ti liu t ngi thuyt trnh
1.1.3.2 Chun b v in n s tay hi ngh
1.2 Xc lp ni v ngy t chc hi ngh1.2.1 Xc lp ngy din ra hi ngh
1.2.2 La chn v giao ph cc cng vic cho ni t chc hi ngh
1.2.3 Xc nhn v cc cng vic sp xp
1.3 Thit k v thc hin k hoch tip th 1.3.1 Son tho v in n Brochure ca hi ngh
1.3.2 Qung co
1.3.3 Hp th ca hi ngh
1.3.4 Tip nhn v hi bo v vic ng k tham d hi ngh
V D V WBS T CHC MT HI NGH
52
53
T CHC WBS NHM GIAO TIP TT HN
WBS l nn tng cho vic truyn thng trong sut qu trnh ca d n
Cc nh cung cp v cc nh thu ph da vo WBS vi mc chi tit kt hp cc hot ng thng ngy
Cc khch hng v cc nh qun l theo di quy trnh thc hin v so snh vi cng vic tm lc
Cc cng vic trong WBS c th sp xp theo cc cch khc nhau
C hai loi cng vic trong WBS: cng vic tm lc v gi vic hay cng vic chi tit
Cng Vic tm lc ch nhm cung cp thng tin hay mt tm nhn. Mi cng vic tm lc phi c mt ngha i vi mt s bn tham gia. Nu mt s cng vic tm lc khng c ngi xem th nn xa n i, min l gi vic vn gi nguyn, phm vi d n khng thay i.
Gi cng vic l cp thp nht trong WBS53
54
QUY M CA GI CNG VIC
Mt s nguyn tc ph bin:
Nguyn tc 8/80
Nguyn tc v thi gian bo co
Nguyn tc nu nh l n hu ch
54
55
GI CNG VIC TRONG WBS(WORK PACKAGE IN WBS)
Gi cng vic l cp thp nht ca WBS. Mt gi cng vicc xc nh mt cch r rng s c nhng c im sau:
nh nghi c cng vic (Ci g What)
Ch ra thi gian hon thnh gi cng vic (Bao lu How long)
Ch ra ngn sch theo tng thi on hon thnh gi cng vic(Chi ph Cost)
Ch ra nhng ngun lc cn c hon thnh gi cng vic (Baonhiu How much)
Ch ra trch nhim cu tng ngi i vi tng cng vic (Ai Who)
Ch ra nhng im cn gim st i vi vic o lng tin trnh
55
T IN WBS - (WBS DICTIONARY)
L mt ti liu c to ra t qui trnh thit lp WBS nhm mc ch h
tr cho WBS v chi tit ha ni dung WBS
L s kt hp cht ch cch thc trnh by mt WBS di dng bng vi thng tin b sung v mi hot ng. Mt t in WBS in hnh c xy dng s dng mt bng tnh. Thng tin vWBS nm trong vi ct u tin ca bng tnh.
Cc ct b sung c thm vo cha ng c hai loi thng tin hoch nh v kim sot ca mi hot ng. Cc ct trong bng tnh WBS:
Kt qu chuyn giao t cc nhim v (Task Deliverable)
C nhn/t chc chu trch nhim
Thi gian thc hin (Duration)
Ngn sch
Cc yu t ri ro
T IN WBS
WBS CNG ViCKT QU
K VNG
NGI CHU
TRCH
NHIM
CHNH
THI
GIAN
THC
HiN
NGN
SCH
YU T
RI RO
59
CC PHNG PHP C LNG CC CNG VIC
Phng php tng t
M hnh thng s
c lng t di ln
M phng
59
60
NHN DNG MT WBSTT
Thc trng v s hon thnh cu d n c th c olng mt cch ddng
N quen thuc vi i d n. Thi gian, chi ph v nhngngun lc khc c thcc lng mt cch ddng
N bao gm cc cng vic m c th qun l, c th olng v cc cng vic ny c lp vi cc cng victrong nhng hot ng khc
Thng thng, n s to thnh mt dng cng vic lintc tkhi bt u n khi kt thc
60
61
CC BC HOCH NH D N
Xc nh phm
vi d n
M t cng
vic
T chc
d n
Hoch nh
ngun lc
Lp tin
Hoch nh
kim sot
61
62
3. LP K HOCH TCHC D N
Xc nh cc tng tc ca d n
Xc nh nhu cu nhn s
Tuyn dng gim c dn v i dn
T chc i dn
Phn cng cng vic/Trch nhim/Quyn hn chocc thnh vin trong i dn
Hoch nh s phi hp v s truyn thng vi ccthnh vin c lin quan n dn
Cng c : s trch nhim 62
63
CC TNG TC CA D N
Thng ri vo mt trong ba loi sau:
Tng tc t chc
Tng tc k thut
Tng tc gia cc c nhn
63
64
STRCH NHIM(RC - RESPONSIBILITY CHART)
RC l mt cng choch nh v qun l m n phn cngcho cc thnh vin i dn cc trch nhim khc nhauvi s ch n cc hot ng dn
Cu trc phbin ca RC l mt bn m cc cttngng vi tng thnh vin ring bit v cc dngtngng vi cc nhim vdn
Cc trch nhim quyc : quan trng nht , quan trngthhai (Trgip), chp thun, thng bo, gim st, kimtra,...
64
STRCH NHIM - RC
R = Responsible (Trch nhim)
S = Support (H tr)
C = Consult (T vn)
A = Approval (Chp thun)
WBSCng
vic
Thnh vin trong i d nThnh vin ch
cht bn ngoi
Gim
c d
n
Thnh
vin 1
Thnh
vin 2
Thnh
vin 3
Nh ti
tr
Chuyn
gia cht
lng
Bnh An Hoa Mai Tin nh
1.1.0 R S A
1.2.1 R S
1.2.2 R C
1.3.0 A R C
1.4.0 C S
66
HOT NG Tun ng Hng Hoa Tin
Nhn dng cc khch hng mc tiu R S S
Pht trin bn cu hi nhp S R S
Test th bn cu hi S R
Hon chnh bn cu hi cui cng R S S S
In bn cu hi R
Chun b cc a ch mail R
Mail bn cu hi R
Tip nhn v theo di bn cu hi tr v R S
Nhp d liu R
Phn tch cc kt qu R S S
Chun b bo co nhp R S S
Chun b bo co cui cng R S
R : Chu trch nhim S : H tr
i d n
Ma trn trch nhim mt d n NC th trng
66
67
CC BC HOCH NH D N
Xc nh phm
vi d n
M t cng
vic
T chc
d n
Hoch nh
ngun lc
Lp tin
Hoch nh
kim sot
67
68
4. LP TIN THC HIN DN
Mc ch
t cc hot ng d n vo khung thi gian c th trin khai thc hin v kim sot
Kt qu
Biu tin d n (Gantt, mng)vi cc hot ng ti hn
Cc im mc
Cc k hoch khc c lin quan n tin (biu khi lng ngun lc, d bo lung tin, k hoch cung ng,,)
68
69
CCTIN TRNH LP TIN DN
i. nh ngha cng vic
ii. c lng thi gian thc hin cc cng vic
iii. nh ngha cc mi lin h cng vic
iv. Pht trin lch trnh d n
69
70
I. NH NGHA CNG VIC
Vic lp tin d n bt u t ti liu c bn v khis mt d n
Tm tt d n bao gm thng tin v thi hn bt u,thi hn kt thc, cc kt qu chuyn giao v ngnsch d n
WBS gip xc nh vic g s c lm
nh ngha cng vic bao gm vic pht trin WBS chitit hn cng nhng li gii thch b sung hiu r ttc cc cng vic c lm, v vy bn c th pht trinc lng thi gian ph hp
70
71
II. C LNG THI GIAN THC HIN MI CNG VIC
Sau khi nh ngha cc hot ng v quyt nh sphthuc gia chng, bc k tip trong lp tin lclng thi gian thc hin ca tng hot ng
Thi gian thc hin (D) bao gm thi gian lm vic thct trn mi hot ng cng vi thi gian tri i
N lc l sngy lm vic hoc sgi lm vic c yucu hon thnh mt cng vic.
Mi ngi ang lm cc cng vic nn to ra nhngclng v mt chuyn gia nn tm tt li nhngclng ny
71
72
III. NH NGHA CC MI LIN H CNG VIC
Bao hm vic tm tt li cc cng vic v nh r s ph thuc
S ph thuc c tnh cht bt buc : logic cng
S ph thuc ty : logic mm
S ph thuc bn ngai : bao hm nhng mi lin h gia hat ng d n v hat ng khng phi d n
Bn phi nh r s ph thuc s dng phn tch l trnh ti hn
72
73
SMNG
S mng l k thut c a thch trnh by trnh tsp xp cc hat ng
S mng l s trnh by di dng biu cc mi linh logic trong s, hoc s sp xp theo trnh t ca, cchat ng d n
C hai quy lut khi thc hin th ha mi quan h giacc cng vic vi mt s mng:
nh ngha cc mi quan h cng vic ch c gia cc gi cngvic. Khng nh ngha mi quan h cng vic gia cng vic tmlc v gi cng vic ca n
Cc mi lin h gia cc cng vic ch nn phn nh cc rngbuc v trnh t gia cc gi cng vic
74
S MNG:
MT VI KHI NIM C BN
Hot ng v skin (Activity & Event)
Biu hot ng theo smng : AON (Activity-on-node)
AOA (Activity-on-arc)
Mi lin h logic gia cc hot ng Finish-to-start (FS)
Start-to-start (SS)
Finish-to-finish (FF)
Start-to-finish (SF)
ng gng (Critical paths)
Cc hot ng ti hn (Critical Activities)
S tr hon (slacks) hoc s chi (Floats) 74
75
SMNG AOA
Lu : ginh thi gian thc hin cc hat ng tnh theo ngy; A=3 c ngha l hat ng A c thi gianthc hin l 3 ngy
1 2
3
4
5
6
7 8A (3) C (4)
E (3)
J(2)
75
76
SMNG AOA
Hat ng c biu din bng mi tn
Skin c biu din bng im nt
Ch c th trnh by mi lin hkt thc-Bt u(Finish to start)
76
77
SMNG AON CA DN X
Lu : ginh thi gian thc hin cc hat ng tnh theo ngy; A=3 c ngha l hat ng A c thi gian thc hin l 3 ngy
A(3)
B(5)
C(4)
D(5)
E(3)
F(2)
G(3)
H(5)
I(3)
J(2)
77
78
SMNG AON
Hat ng c biu din bng im nt/hp
Mi tn cho thy mi lin hgia cc hot ng
Cho thy nhiu loi lin hph thuc gia cc hotng
Phbin hn smng AOA v c sdng bi ccphn mm qun l dn
78
79
SMNG : MT VIKHI NIM CBN
Hot ng v skin (Activity & Event)
Biu hot ng theo smng : AON (Activity-on-node)
AOA (Activity-on-arc)
Mi lin h logic gia cc hot ng Finish-to-start (FS)
Start-to-start (SS)
Finish-to-finish (FF)
Start-to-finish (SF)
ng gng (Critical paths)
Cc hot ng ti hn (Critical Activities)
S tr hon (slacks) hoc s chi (Floats) 79
80
MI LIN H PH THUC GIA CCCNG VIC D N
Bn lin kt cc cng vic d n bng vic nh ngha s ph thuc gia cc thi hn bt u v kt thc ca cc cng vic vi nhau
C 4 loi lin h ph thuc gia cc cng vic trong Microsoft Project: FS; SS; FF; SF
80
81
CC LOI LIN HPHTHUC GIACCHOT NG
A BFSKet thuc Bat au
(Finish -to-start)B khong the bat au cho en khi A ket thuc
Loai phu thuoc V du Mo ta
FF
AB
SSBat au Bat au
(Start -to-start)B khong the bat au cho en khi A bat au
AB
Ket thuc Ket thuc(Finish -to-Finish)
B khong the ket thuc cho en khi A ket thuc
A BSF
Bat au Ket thuc(Start -to-Finish)
B khong the ket thuc cho en khi A bat au
81
Pht trin lch trnh
l g?
Pht trin mt k hoch m n m t th t v thi gian ca tt c cc hot ng cng vic v ai chu trch nhin thc hin cc cng vic
Mc ch Xc nh khi no cng vic s c thc hin
Nhn dng ai s thc hin cng vic
Phn tch s ph thuc v cc chui hot ng
nh gi cc yu cu v ngun lc, s sn c v tnh hu dng ca ngun lc
Nhn dng cc im mc
1/19/2015
82
Th.s
Pha
n Th Thu
Hng
NH NGHA CC IM MC (MILESTONES)
im mc l g?
im nhn dng m n cho thy s yu cu hoc s
hon thnh mt lot cc hot ng quan trng trong
d n.
Ti sao s dng cc im mc?
Gip trnh by tin trnh d n
Gip xc nh cc quan h ph thuc
Cung cp kh nng hin th cc thi im chuyn
giao kt xut quan trng
83
CC CNG C V K THUT QUAN TRNG
S Gantt
S mng
Phng php CPM hoc PERT
Thng s s mng
Phn tch l trnh ti hn
1/19/2015
84
85
PHT TRIN LCH TRNH D N THEO
S MNG
Cc nguyn tc pht trin s mng
Phng php PERT v CPM
Hp cng vic v cc thng s s mng
Kim sot sm v trnh thi gian d tr m
85
86
CC NGUYN TC CBN TRONG VICPHT TRIN SMNG
Cc hot ng trong s mng hng t tri sang phi, khngc to thnh vng lp
Mt hot ng khng th bt u cho n khi hot ng linquan c trc c hon thnh
Mi tn trn s mng ch ra mi lin h c trc hoc tiptheo sau hot ng
Mi hot ng nn c mt s nhn dng duy nht
S nhn dng ca mt hot ng s ln hn bt k s nhn dngca hot ng no ng trc n
Kinh nghim ch ra rng khi c nhiu hot ng bt u th mtim nt bt u c s dng ch r s bt u; tng tmt im nt kt thc ch r s kt thc d n 86
87
CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH S MNG
Phng php CPM (Critical Path Method)
Thi gian hon thnh mi cng vic l hng s
Nhn mnh n s nh i gia thi gian v chi ph
Phng php PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
Nhn mnh n vic c lng thi gian hon thnh cng vickhng chc chn
CPM v PERT ging nhau v phng php xc nhng gng vi nhng hot ng khng th b chm trnn thng c gi chung l CPM/PERT nhng khcnhau v vic c tnh thi gian thc hin ca cc cngvic
87
88
LTRNH TI HN(CRITICAL PATH)
L trnh l ng dn ni tip cc hot ng c linhph thuc nhau thot ng bt u n hotng kt thc ca smng
L trnh ti hn l l trnh di nht xuyn sut smng v l l trnh xc nh thi gian ngn nht hon thnh dn
Cc hot ng nm trn l trnh ti hn gi l hotng ti hn, cc hot ng ny c thi gian d tr(Foat/Slack) bng 0
88
89
S MNG AON : HP CNG VIC
ES (Early Start)
EF (Early Finish)
LS (Late Start)
LF (Late Finish)
D (Duration)
F/SL (Foat/Slack)
TFi (Total Float)
FF (Free Float)
D
ES EF
LFLS
F/SL
M T
CNG VIC
89
90
SMNG AON : TNH TON CC THNG SCBN
Xc nh ES v EF (Forward Pass)
i xui dng smng tnh ESj
Bt u thot ng u tin, ta c
ES1= 1
EFi = ESi + Di - 1
Ti mt hot ng ch c mt hot ng n
ESj = EFi + 1
Ti mt hot ng c nhiu hot ng n (Merge activity)
ESj = Max{EFi} + 190
91
SMNG AON : TNH TON CC THNG SCBN
Xc nh LS v LF (Backward pass)
i ngc dng smng tnh LFj
Bt u thot ng cui cng, ta c
LFcui = EFcui
LSi = LFi - Di + 1
Ti mt hot ng ch c mt hot ng tip sau : LFi = LSj - 1
Ti mt hot ng c nhiu hot ng tip sau (Burstactivity)
LFi = Min{ LSj } 1
Thi gian d tr : TFi = LSi - ESi = LFi EFi
FFi = ESj EFi -1
91
92
MIN
SMNG AONCA DN XMAX
C 4
4 7
96
2
D 5
4 8
139
5
E 3
9 11
119
0
F 2
8 9
1110
2
G 3
8 10
1311
3
H 5
12 16
1612
0
I 3
11 13
1614
3
J 2
17 18
1817
0
A 3
1 3
31
0
B 5
4 8
84
0
D
ES EF
LFLS
F/SL
92
93
S MNG AON D n ci to v trang tr nh ca
15 2
6 7
76
0
13 6
6 11
2116
10
11 4
8 11
1411
3
5 1
6 6
1414
8
10 4
1 4
107
6
D
ES EF
LFLS
F/SL
93
1 5
1 5
51
0
17 1
6 6
77
1
18 5
8 12
128
0
19 6
13 18
1813
0
20 3
19 21
2119
0
3 2
6 7
109
2
6 2
12 13
1615
3
7 3
14 16
1917
3
8 1
17 17
2020
3
12 1
18 18
2121
3
94
KIM SOT SM V TRNH D TR M
Khng phi mi d n u c ng ti hn
Nu mt d n c ngy hon thnh c p t t bn ngoi v
cho php c nhiu thi gian hn hon tt th tt c cc cng
vic u c thi gian d tr
Khi tt c cc ngy d tr c s dng ht, mt thut ng mi
xut hin l thi gian d tr m
Thi gian d tr m xut hin khi ngy hon tt c p t
bn ngoi l khng th no thc hin c.
Khi thi gian d tr l m, nhng s iu chnh phi c
thc hin nhm a cc k hoch tr li vi ng gng94
95
V D: D TR M
STT CNG ViCHoT NG
TiN NHIM
THI GIAN
THC HiN (D)
1 A - 2 ngy
2 B - 4 ngy
3 C A, B 4 ngy
4 D C 1 ngy
5 E B 12 ngy
6 F E 5 ngy
95Thi gian hon thnh d n l bao lu?
96
GHI CH
A 2
1 2
109
8
B 4
1 4
-2-5
-6
C 4
5 8
1411
6
D 1
9 9
1515
6
F 5
17 21
1511
-6
E 12
5 16
10-1
-6
Bt u
Kt thc
D
ES EF
LFLS
F/SL
M T
CNG VIC
Thi gian p t hon thnh d n l 15 ngy
96
97
PHT TRIN LCH TRNH D N THEO SGANTT
S GANTT c t theo tn ca ngi phttrin n vo nhng nm u ca thp nin 1900 -Henry L.Gantt
Mi hot ng c biu din bng mt thanh nmngang vi thi im bt u v kt thc sm nht
L mt phng php ph bin nht trong vic hin thcc k hoch ca mt d n.
u im: Tnh minh bch. Trc honh trnh by cc khoch, trc tung th hin cc cng vic trong cu trcphn vic
97
98
SGANTT CA DN X
98
99
CC BC HOCH NH D N
Xc nh phm
vi d n
M t cng
vic
T chc
d n
Hoch nh
ngun lc
Lp tin
Hoch nh
kim sot
99
100
5. HOCH NH NGUNLC
Mt k hoch d n tt nht khng th c hon
thnh nu nh khng c ng ngun lc vo ng lcv ng ni m n c cn n
100
101
HOCH NH NGUN LC
Bao gm:
Nhn dng v d bo cc ngun lc m bn cn thc hin cc cng vic d n
Phn b v cn bng cc ngun lc
Xy dng cc d bo chi tit v ngn sch
101
102
NHN DNG V D BO
CC NGUN LC CHO D N
1. D bo v lao ng
Chng ta cn bao nhiu cng lao ng cho mi cng vic c
tnh theo gi cng hay ngy cng
Chng ta cn bao hiu nhn cng tin hnh mi cng vic
Cc i hi v k nng i vi cc lao ng
2. D bo v cc thit b
Thit b bao gm cc cng c cn thit thc hin cng vic
Khng nn lit k cc cng c thng thng
Vic s dng thit b cng nn c tnh theo gi hay ca my
3. D bo v nguyn vt liu
4. Cc chi ph c nh102
103
1. D bo v lao ng
2. D bo v cc thit b
3. D bo v nguyn vt liu
C th l mt ngun chnh tiu tn ngn sch d n hoc cng c
th hu nh khng tn ti
Tng chi ph ca cc loi vt liu nn c d tnh t cc chi tit ca
sn phm
Tnh ton theo tng gi vic gip xc nh chnh xc thi im cn
n mi loi vt liu, t xc nh ngy t hng v giao hng
4. Cc chi ph c nh
C th thay th ba ngun chi ph trc
Khon chi ph cho nh thu/ngi bn
Chng ta cn xc nh tt c cc yu cu v ngun lc cho
mi gi cng vic
103
NHN DNG V D BO
CC NGUN LC CHO D N
104
PHN B V CN BNG CC NGUN LC
Phn b ngun lc cn thit cho cc cng vic v lp biu
khi lng ngun lc
Khi ngun lc yu cu vt qu ngun lc sn c th m
bo k hoch d n kh thi chng ta phi tin hnh cn bng
ngun lc
Cn bng ngun lc nhm ti u ha vic s dng nhn lc v
cc thit b c phn phi cho d n
104
105
CN BNG NGUN LC V D
M t hot ng
Hot ng c trc
Thi gian thc hin
(ngy) Nhn lc yu cu
(ngi)
A --- 2 3
B --- 6 5
C --- 4 4
D A 3 2
E C 5 4
F A 4 2
G B,D,E 2 6
- Nhn lc sn c l 10 ngi
- Tin kh thi ca d n l bao nhiu ngy?105
LCH TRNH BAN U
Cng vic
Cng vic tin nhim
Thi gian thc hin
(ngy)
S nhn cng yu cu
Thoi gian
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A --- 2 3 3 3
B --- 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
C --- 4 4 4 4 4 4
D A 3 2 2 2 2
E C 5 4 4 4 4 4 4
F A 4 2 2 2 2 2
G B,D,E 2 6 6 6
Nhu cu nhn lc 12 12 13 13 13 11 4 4 4 6 6
107
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Biu khi lng nhn lc
Kh
i
l
ng
nh
n
l
c (n
g
i)
Thi gian (ngy) 107
108
Cc vn m nh QLDA phi i mt
trong quy trnh cn bng ngun lc
Vn hn ch v nhn s v cc trang thit b
Vn s phn b ngun lc di mc nh.
Nu mi ngi lm vic trong d n ny cng hot ng trn
mt s d n khc ti cng mt thi im
Cc nh QLDA phi trnh tnh trng khng cn bng ngun lc khng ch m bo tnh thc t ca d n m cn mang
li hiu qu cho d n bi v mi s dch chuyn ngun lc
u c chi ph ca n
108
109
QUY TRNH CAN BANG NGUON LC D AN
1. Thc hin lp tin c bn khng c gii hn v ngun lc
v chun b d Gantt vi tt c cc hot ng c bt u
thi im sm nht
2. D on nhu cu ngun lc xuyn sut d n, xc nh nh
ca nhu cu v ngun lc s dng biu khi lng cho mi ngun lc
3. Chn ngun lc no dao ng nhiu nht v vt qu ngun
lc sn c. Dch chuyn cc cng vic c s dng ngun lc
trong thi gian d tr ca chng cn bng ngun lc
trong sut thi gian s dng ca d n.
4. V li s khi lng cho tt c cc ngun lc. Chn ngun
lc k tip v lp li bc trn 109
110
Chng ta phi lm g nu nh k hoch cn
bng ngun lc khng thc tin?
110
111
LCH TRNH SAU KHI CN BNG
Cng vicThi gian
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13A
3 3B
5 5 5 5 5 5C
4 4 4 4D
2 2 2E
4 4 4 4 4F
2 2 2 2G
6 6
Nhu cu nhn lc 7 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 4 4 8 6 111
112
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Cn bng nhn lc
112
113
HOCH NH NGUN LC
Bao gm:
Nhn dng v d bo cc ngun lc m bn cn thc hin cc cng vic d n
Phn b v cn bng cc ngun lc
Xy dng cc d bo chi tit v ngn sch
113
114
D BO CHI TIT V NGN SCH
D bo chi tit v ngn sch l tin trnh nh gi cc ngun
lc yu cu thng tnh bng tin hon thnh d n K hoch chi ph chi tit
D bo chi tit v ngn sch thng theo tin trnh tdiln, bt u vi WBS v yu cu ngun lc cho cc gicng vic v chi ph ngun lc.
Khnng leo thang chi ph nn c xem xt v s chophp ph hp nn c b sung c lng chi ph ban
u
To ra v hoch nh v lu chuyn tin mt114
115
CCLOI CHI PH CA DN
1. Chi ph trc tip :
Thng tnh theo tng gi cng vic
2. Chi ph qun l dn (Project overhead costs)
Phc v cho hot ng dn tng th
3. Chi ph qun l chung (G&A overhead costs)
Phn bmt phn cho dn theo t l thchhp
Ngun gc d liu cho vic d bo ngn sch chi tit: chi ph
lao ng ni b, chi ph thit b ni b, d bo cc thit b c
s dng trong nhiu d n, chi ph lao ng bn ngoi v thit
b, chi ph nguyn vt liu
115
116
MT K HOCH NGN SCH N GIN- BAO GM:
Cc bng tnh c bn
Bng tnh cc chi ph tch ly
th ng chi ph c bn (Baseline Cost)
116
117
TH NG CHI PH C BN
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 5 10 15 20
Thi gian (ngy)
Chi p
h t
ch l
y ($)
117
118
CC BC HOCH NH D N
Xc nh phm
vi d n
M t cng
vic
T chc
d n
Hoch nh
ngun lc
Lp tin
Hoch nh
kim sot
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119
LM THA MN CC BN THAM GIA
THNG QUA VIC KIM SOT D N
Thit lp nn tng v cc bn tham gia
Dn dt d n lm tha mn cc bn tham gia
Xy dng mt k hoch kim sot
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120
LM THA MN CC BN THAM GIA
THNG QUA VIC KIM SOT D N
Thit lp nn tng v cc bn tham gia
Xc nh v phn tch cc bn tham gia
m bo s cam kt ca cc bn tham gia
Dn dt cc bn tham gia
Dn dt d n lm tha mn cc bn tham gia
Xy dng mt k hoch kim sot
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121
Tn V tr Vai tr Yu cu Mong inh
hngNhm
Nguyn
Vn A
G Quyt nh p
dng
Trn Vn B Ph
G
T vn gim
c thng
qua
Nguyn
Ngc C
TP
Nhn
s
Trc tip trin
khai
DANH SCH CC BN C LIN QUAN
Tn d n: __________________ Ngy chun b: ________
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LM THA MN CC BN THAM GIA
THNG QUA VIC KIM SOT D N
Thit lp nn tng v cc bn tham gia
Dn dt d n lm tha mn cc bn tham gia
Xy dng mt k hoch kim sot
o lng cc quy trnh bao gm bng phn tch gi
tr thu c
Cc ty chn v hnh ng iu chnh
Cc cm by v nguy c ca vic kim sot d n
Xy dng mt k hoch kim sot122
123
XY DNG K HOCH KIM SOT DN
Xc nh nhu cu thng tinXc nh c chgim st : Ai, khi no, lm thno gim st tintrnh v kt qu thc
hin Nhng tiu chun i vi vico lng tintrnh, cht lng v
kt qu thc hin
Phng php thu thpd liucho vic o lng v nh gi
Tn sut thu thp d liu
Chun b v np cc bo co C ch cho cc hot ng iu chnh
Hoch nh ngun lc i vi cc hot ng gim st
Thc hnh qun tr ri ro : Phn tch v nhn dng nhng riro c linquan, v phc tho nhng chin lc i ph vi ri ro
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124
K HOCH GIM ST D N
Kt qu
Ch s
o
lng
Ngun
d liu
Phng
php thu
thp d liu
+ Do ai tin
hnh
Cng
thu
thp d
liu
Cng
v cch
thc bo
co
Ai s
nhn bo
co
Mc tiu
tng th
Mc tiu
Kt qu
(u ra)
Hot ng
Ngun lc
(u vo)124
CH S O LNG (INDICATORS)
Nh l mt cng c qun l
L mt bin s c dung nh gi mc thay i
ca mt hin tng hay mt quy trnh
L yu t cha ng tt c nhng thng tin cn cung cp
cho cng tc qun l di dng con s
CH S C TH KIM CHNG KHCH QUAN(OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATOR OVI)
OVI nn miu t mt tnh hung r rang ca mc tiu mun t
c cui mt giai on nht nh
OVI c nh ngha tt bao gm cc im sau:
Variable : Thnh t mun o lng
Quantity : Tnh trng thc t v tnh trng mun t c (nh lng?)
Target group : Nhng ngi b tc ng bi d n(Ai?)
Place : Ni thu thp d liu/thng tin ( u?)
Period : Thi hn c lin quan (Khi no?)
OVI cn c gi l ch bo hoch nh
LA CHN CH S O LNG
Ch s o lng phi:
1. SMART
2. C gi tr (Valid)
3. Nhy (Sensitive)
4. n gin(Simple)
la chn cc ch s o lng thch hp, bn nn thit k
bn cu hi dnh cho nh qun l ( cc bn c lieu quan quan
trng) m n nhn mnh mt cch chnh xc iu g lin
quan n d n m h quan tm
128
T C S CHP THUN V CHUN HA BN TUYN B D N
iu ha cc mc tiu d n
So snh v m phn cc iu chnh
t c s chp thun v s cam kt
bng vn bn
To ra mt bn tuyn b d n
c chnh thc ha bng vn bn v c lu gi
c cp nht v c ci tin khi cn thit
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129
BN TUYN B D N
L mt tp hp cc ti liu m ch r mc ch v cc yu cu ca d n, bao gm cc ph chun biCC BN THAM GIA D N: khch hng, qun l cp cao, v quyn hn ca gim c d n i vi cc ngun lc c tiu dng.
129