Cabling Technology and Standards

Networks

• Data Communication – Transfer of digital data between between 2 or more remotely

attached autonomous systems in a reliable and understandable manner

Networks• Network – data communication between 2 or more devices

with the ability to access shared resources

• LAN - local area network• WAN - wide area network

Networks Topologies

Bus

Ring

Star

• Hubs• Switches • Routers

Networks Components

Switch provides a dedicated communication channel between network devices

Hub connects multiple devices on same network via individual dedicated cable runs (star topology)

Networks Components (Cont.)

Networks Components (Cont.)• Router connects between

entities residing on different networks

Cabling Standards

ACR - Attenuation to Cross-Talk RatioP.ACR - Power Sum Attenuation to Cross-Talk RatioBER - Bit Error RateFEXT - Far End Cross-TalkNEXT - Near End Cross-TalkP.S. NEXT - Power Sum Near End Cross-TalkELFEXT - Equal Level Far End Cross-TalkP.S. ELFEXT - Power Sum Equal Level Far End Cross-TalkSTP - Shielded Twisted PairTSB - Telecommunications Systems BulletinUTP - Unshielded Twisted PairAlien XT - Alien Cross Talk

Common Abbreviations

Standards Organizations

• EIA/TIA (USA)– Electrical/Telecommunication Industries Association

• ANSI– American National Standards Institute

• ISO/IEC– International Organization for Standardization– International Electrotechnical Commission

• CENELC– European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

• IEEE– Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

World Structured Cabling Standards

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 and B.2ratified in 2001, CAT5 / CAT5E

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1ratified in 2002, CAT6

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10finalized May 2008, CAT6a

• ISO/IEC 2nd edition generic cabling standard 11801 ratified in 2002

• CENELEC generic cabling standard EN 50173-1ratified in 2002

Standards HistoryANSI / TIA / EIA-568

• ANSI/EIA/TIA 568 published in 1991 The 1st Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring StandardThe original document, together with TSB-36 & TSB-40 specified the basic transmission requirements of Category 3, 4 & 5

• ANSI/EIA/TIA 568A published in 1995Recognized Cables for Horizontal Cabling:

4 pair 100 UTP cables (including S/UTP)2 pair 150 STP cables (IBM TYPE-1A)2 fiber 62.5/125µ and 50/125µ fiber-optic cable

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B series

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1General Infrastructure requirements Copper and Fiber

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2Copper requirements Cat3, Cat5, Cat5E

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3Fiber requirements

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-1 seriesGeneral Requirements• B-1.1 Minimum 4 pair UTP and ScTP patch cable bend radius• B-1.2 Bonding and Grounding• B-1.3 Supportable distances and Channel Attenuation for F/O

applications by Fiber type• B-1.4 Recognition of CAT6 and 850 nm Laser-Optimized

50/125 µm MM F/O cabling• B-1.5 Cabling for Telecommunication Enclosures• B-1.6 PoE (Power Over Ethernet)• B-1.7 F/O connectivity Methods for Polarity

• B-2.1 Category 6 specifications• B-2.2 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components • B-2.3 IL & RL Pass/Fail Determination • B-2.4 Solderless Connection Reliability Requirements for Copper

Connecting Hardware • B-2.5 Corrections to TIA/EIA-568-B.2• B-2.6 Cat 6 Related Component Test Procedures• B-2.7 Reliability Specification Requirements for Copper Connecting

Hardware• B-2.8 Additional Component Req. for DTE Power • B-2.9 Additional Cat 6 Balance Requirements & Measurement

Procedures• B-2.10 Augmented Cat 6 Cabling (10G))• B-2.11 increased UTP and ScTP Cable Diameter

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-2 seriesCopper

ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B-3 seriesFiber

• B-3.1 Laser Optimized (OM-3) MM – 10 Gigabit– TSB 140 – Additional Guidelines for Field-Testing Length,

Loss and Polarity of Optical Fiber Cabling Systems

CELENEC EN 50173-1 Series

• EN 50173-1 General Requirements• EN 50173-2 Office (Commercial) Premises• EN 50173-3 Industrial Premises• EN 50173-4 Residential Premises• EN 50173-5 Data Centers

Testing Parameters

Link & Channel definitions

Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Link - The transmission between any two interfaces of generic cabling

without equipment & work area cables (where an optional transition connection is allowed)

Maximum Link length is 90 Mtrs

Channel - The end-to-end transmission path connecting any two pieces of application specific equipment with equipment & work area cables

Maximum Channel length is 100 Mtrs

CAT5 100 MHz Testing

Link Performance of UTP cables in horizontalcabling Field test parameters:• Wire Map• Length• Attenuation• Near-End Cross Talk (NEXT)• Characteristic Impedance is not tested

CAT5E-100 MHz - TestingCAT6-250 MHz - TestingCAT6a-500 MHz - Testing

Attenuation

NEXT

Powersum NEXT

Wire Map

Length

ELFEXT

Powersum ELFEXT

Return Loss

Delay

Delay Skew

CAT5E, CAT6, CAT6a

Categories and Classes

• Category- specification for components – cables, patch panels, communication outlets

• Class- specification for system application on full channel– CAT5 / Class D– CAT6 / Class E– CAT6a / New Class E– CAT7 / Class F– CAT8 / Class G

Categories -Summary

• CAT3 – 10 Mbit, 16 MHz• CAT4 – 16 Mbit, 20 MHz• CAT5 – 10/100 Mbit, 100 MHz• CAT5E – 10/100/1000 Mbit, 100 MHz• CAT6 – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit 55m channel, (STP), 250 MHz• CAT6A – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit UTP and STP, 500 MHz• CAT7 – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit, 600 MHz)• CAT7A – STP, Tera connector, 1 GHz• CAT8 – SOHO, 1200 MHz, 50m channel

Classes - Summary

• A – 100 kHz (voice)• B – 1 MHz (ISDN…)• C – 16 MHz (Token Ring…)• D – 100 MHz (fast Ethernet, Gigabit Eternet)• E – 200 MHz usage / 250 MHz testing• F – 600 MHz usage / 750 MHz testing• G – 1200 MHz usage / 1500 MHz testing

Categories and Protocols

• 10BaseT• 100BaseT (4 pairs CAT4)• 100BaseTX (2 pairs CAT5 – pins 1,2 and 3,6)• 1000BaseT (4 pairs CAT5E full duplex)• 1000BaseTX (4 pairs CAT6 – 2 pairs Tx

and 2 pairs Rx)• 10GBaseT (4 pairs CAT7 full duplex)

• Maximum channel length 100m

Category 6

• Standard ratified in 2002

• Bandwidth 250 MHz

• 1GBit Ethernet applications

• Protocol running 1000BaseTx

• Full UTP/STP solutions

Category 6a• Standard ratified in 2008• Augmented CAT6• Channel up to 100 m• Bandwidth 500 MHz• UTP and STP solutions• New cable design (Horizontal and patch cords)• Issues with Alien CrossTalk (AXT)

Category 7

• Addressing broadband applications such as Video

• Standadized by ISO/IEC and Cenelec (EN)

• Bandwidth 600 MHz• STP solution only• Proposed connectors

– Siemon Tera – not compatible with RJ45– Nexans GG45

CAT7 – draft stage

Category 7 Connectors

• New connector design• Two compliant interface

designs currently exist• Very little is installed, or

projected to be installed, over the next two years

NEXANS - GG45 Jack and GP45 Plug

The Siemon Company - Tera™

IEEE 802.3an - 10GBaseT

• Bandwidth 500 MHz• Can run on CAT6 systems but limited to 55m channel–

IEEE says this is sufficient for 70% of 10Gbit installationswhich are in Data Centers

• On CAT6a systems full 100m channel

Future developments (Increasing need for speed)

IEEE 802.3 HSSG (higher speed study group)

• 40/100 Gb/s (design goal)– Sm optical fibre, 10 km– MM optical fibre (OM3), 100 m– Copper, 10 m, STP cabling eight pairs

Development plan with schedule for standardin November 2009

568A 568B

Pair 3(Green)

Pair 4(Brown)

Pair 2(Orange)

Pair 1(Blue)

Pair 2(Orange)

Pair 4(Brown)

Pair 3(Green)

Pair 1(Blue)

Wire Map Standards

Official Certifications

• RiT products are officially approved by thefollowing institutions:– DELTA (Denmark)– ETL (USA)– SEV (Switzerland)