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8/13/2019 Cable Glands in Hazardous Areas CCG Presentation
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Captive Component Glands
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Captive Component GlandsCCG Started operationsCCG Started operations
in 1972in 1972
100% privately owned100% privately owned
The largest cable GlandThe largest cable Gland
Manufacturer in theManufacturer in the
Southern HemisphereSouthern Hemisphere
One of the Largest inOne of the Largest in
the worldthe world
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CCG is The Largest SupplierCCG is The Largest Supplierof IEC Type Cable Glandsof IEC Type Cable Glands
to the Metals, Miningto the Metals, Mining
and Minerals Industryand Minerals Industry
in the world.in the world.
One of the Fastest GrowingOne of the Fastest Growing
Suppliers of Ex CertifiedSuppliers of Ex Certified
Cable Glands to theCable Glands to thePetrochemical IndustryPetrochemical Industry
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ISO 9001 Listed Company withISO 9001 Listed Company with
Underwriters Laboratory USAUnderwriters Laboratory USA
Products Tested and Certified toProducts Tested and Certified toIEC, Chinese, South African,IEC, Chinese, South African,
ATEX and Australian StandardsATEX and Australian Standards
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Worldwide Offices, WarehousingWorldwide Offices, Warehousingand Distributionand Distribution
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EN50262
European cable gland
standard defines a cable glandas A device designed topermit the entry of a cableentry of a cable,flexible cable or insulated
conductor into an enclosureand which provides sealingprovides sealing
and retentionand retention. It may alsoprovide other functions such
as earthearth bonding,bonding,insulation,insulation, cable guarding,guarding,
strain reliefstrain relief or acombination of these.
DEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLAND
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International standard for
Electrical Apparatus forexplosive gas atmospheresdefines a cable gland as adevice permitting theintroduction of one or morecables into an electricalapparatus so as to maintainmaintain
the relevant type ofthe relevant type ofprotectionprotection
DEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLAND
IEC 60079IEC 60079--00
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In hazardous areas all Ex equipment needs to be
installed and operate correctly according to thecertification of the equipment.
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We Are All in the Business ofWe Are All in the Business ofPreventing This!Preventing This!
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The Problem of Loose ComponentsThe Problem of Loose Components
Almost all Ex glands have loose components such as seals, cones and conerings, all of which must be correctly installed on site. Losing one of thesecomponents invalidates the Ex certification of the gland and theequipment its connected to.
Two Part Captive Component Gland
Glands with loose components
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The Problem at installationThe Problem at installation
If cable gland components areleft out during installation, the Ex
certification of the apparatus towhich they are attached will becompromised.This cannot happen with 2 partCaptive Component Glands
2 part CaptiveComponent Gland
Gland with loosecomponents
Gland assembled on Exd enclosurewith components missing
Exd Glands on an Exd enclosure
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TYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONTYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION
Armoured Cable Gland
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Unarmoured Cable Gland
TYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONTYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION
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Exe: Increased safetyIncreased safety the gland must be IP54IP54 minimum but
practically should be IP66IP66.
ExnR: NonNon--sparkingsparking and restricted breathingrestricted breathing the Gland must be IP68
Exd: FlameproofFlameproof. Gland seals must withstand internal explosionsof 30 Bar Pressure and fulfill all flame-path requirements.
Exde: Equipment has both Exe and Exd protection concepts ofwhich the Exd enclosures are normally smaller than 2enclosures are normally smaller than 2--litreslitres
volume.volume.
SELECTION and INSTALLATION:SELECTION and INSTALLATION:SELECTION and INSTALLATION:
A cable gland must always match or bettermatch or better the IP andexplosion proof rating of the equipment it is beingattached to.
Equipment
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Exd for use in zones 1 and 2
IEC 60079-1
Flameproof
Defined As the type ofprotection in which the parts
which can ignite an explosiveatmosphere are placed in anenclosure which can withstandwithstand
the pressurethe pressure developed during
an internal explosion of anexplosive structure and which
prevents the transmissionprevents the transmission ofthe explosion to the explosive
atmosphere surrounding theenclosure.
PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTIONPROTECTION CONCEPTCONCEPT::
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Exe for use in Zones 1 and 2
IEC 60079-7
Increased safety
Defined as the type ofprotection applied to electrical
apparatus in which additionalmeasures are applied so as togive increased securityincreased security
againstagainst the possibility of
excessive temperaturesexcessive temperatures andof the occurrence of arcs andoccurrence of arcs and
sparkssparks in normal service orunder specific abnormalconditions.
PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:
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PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:
ExnAExnA non sparkingnon sparking
ExnRExnR restricted breathingrestricted breathing
IEC 60079IEC 60079--1515
Similar concept to ExeSimilar concept to Exe
however with lowerhowever with lower
requirements andrequirements and only allowedonly allowed
to be used in Zoneto be used in Zone--22
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PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:
ExiExi for use in zones 0, 1 and 2for use in zones 0, 1 and 2
IEC 60079IEC 60079--1111
Intrinsic safetyIntrinsic safety
This concept removes the ignitionThis concept removes the ignition
source from a potential explosionsource from a potential explosionthrough thethrough the prevention of highfault currents and voltages
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IEC 61241IEC 61241--11--11
Electrical apparatus for useElectrical apparatus for use
in the presence ofin the presence of
combustible dust.combustible dust.This protection concept isThis protection concept is
designed around high IPdesigned around high IP
ratingsratings
PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:
ExtD (old DIP)
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SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION
Cable:Cable:
TypeType of cableof cable, armoured orunarmoured?
SizingSizing over the inner sheathinner sheath
and outer sheathand outer sheath.
ShapeShape and construction ofthe cable. Is the cable
round, filled and nonhygroscopic?
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Pros
Fast, easy installation. Lower costs.
Cons
No protection againstmechanical damage.
UNARMOUREDUNARMOURED CABLECABLE
Used in Europe and some parts of the Middle East, Australasia and Africa.
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Pros Gives good earth continuity. Mechanical Protection.
Cons Special care must be
taken when preparingthe cable.
ARMOUREDARMOURED CABLECABLE
Used in the UK, Commonwealth Countries, Middle East, Australasiaand Africa.
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SQUARENOTROUND
VOIDS
UNFILLED CABLE
CABLE QUALITY ??CABLE QUALITY ??
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SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION
Entry threads.
When selecting cable glands one must make sure that the
entry thread always matches the entry thread of the
Apparatus.Threads could be NPT, BSP or Metric .
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Entry threads:
Equipment can originate frommany parts of the world. IEC
and EN based equipment isnormally ISO metric. Howeverother threads such as NPT, PGNPT, PG
and BSPand BSP are also available andcare must be taken to correctlycorrectly
identify these threadsidentify these threads and acertified thread adaptor used.
It is very easy to mistake themas such. An interface betweenAn interface between
NPT and metric will not form aNPT and metric will not form aflameproof path.flameproof path.
SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION
20 mmMETRIC
1/2 NPT
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IIIIAA IIIICC
RISK ASSESSMENT
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ExeExe EXdEXd
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
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RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL:
CorrosionCorrosion is the single biggest cause of equipment failuresingle biggest cause of equipment failure.
Great care must be taken when selecting glands for highlycorrosives locations.
SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION
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ENVIRONMENTAL:
One must also be aware of Electrolytic Action between 2 dissimilarElectrolytic Action between 2 dissimilar
metalsmetals such as brass and aluminium. Naked brass glands are notrecommended and should be platedshould be plated. The use of proper IP ratedand corrosion proof glands must be considered.
SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION
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ENVIRONMENTAL:
ChemicalsChemicals such as hydrochloric acid nitric acid,
ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, caustic soda aggressivelyaggressivelyattack brass cable glands.attack brass cable glands.
SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION
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RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
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RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
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RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
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RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
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An explosion in the Exd enclosure can propagate down the
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An explosion in the Exd enclosure can propagate down the
interstices of the cable causing damage to the cable as well
as forcing pressure into a non certified enclosure.
Exd enclosure
Hazardous AreaHazardous Area Safe Area
Non Ex EnclosureNon Ex Enclosure
E d BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONE d BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION
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Exd BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONExd BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION
BarrierTex-A Cable Gland ~ Armoured Cable
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INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION
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INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION
Training and competency of persons involved.
Codes of practice as per the IEC standards and
manufacturers instructions and certifications. Any modification to Ex Cable Glands is not allowed.
5 full threads must be engaged on entry threads.
IP rating of minimum IP54 but practically IP66. Different threads may necessitate thread
converters.
Cable support may be needed depending on thecable type.
The correct tools must be used.
Other Factors to consider for the safe installation of Ex Cable Glands
INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE
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(a) Initial Inspections:-These inspections are directly related to required inspections beforeinspections before
equipment will be commissionedequipment will be commissioned for the first time e.g. on cable glandson cable glands
checking that the marking and certification is correctchecking that the marking and certification is correct, checking tightnessand that all components have been correctly fitted and not left outall components have been correctly fitted and not left out.
(b) Periodic Inspections:-It stipulates that the interval between periodic inspections shall not exceed
two yearstwo years, and shall be shorter if the
deterioration of the apparatusdeterioration of the apparatus
could influence explosion protection sooner.
(c) Sample inspections:-Sample inspections are inspections of a portion of the installeda portion of the installed
apparatusapparatus. This can be visual, close or detailedvisual, close or detailed. The size andcomposition of all samples should be determined taking into account thepurpose of the inspection. The result of all sample inspections should berecorded.
INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE
GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION
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VISUAL INSPECTION:
Visual inspections take note of all
defects which can be determinedby a visual approach either fromthe ground or from permanentaccess platforms, without the useof hand tools, without switching offand without climbing or usingladders. Binoculars and remoteheat detecting equipment may beuseful in some situations. In theIn the
case of a cable entry device nocase of a cable entry device nodismantling is required.dismantling is required.
GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION
GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION
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CLOSE INSPECTION:
Close inspections determinewhere any defects, includingthose detectable visually, maybe detected without removingpower. This may involve the
use of some tools, ladders andother access mediums. In theIn the
case of a cable entry devicecase of a cable entry device
a general check ona general check on
tightness is required.tightness is required.
GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION
GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION
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DETAILED INSPECTION:
Detailed inspections are also carriedout at major shut down periods,
normally on a sample basis. Theyinclude the disconnection of power andinclude opening up equipment. Accessequipment, tools and test equipmentmay be used. In case of a cableIn case of a cable
entry devices: check tightness ofentry devices: check tightness of
cable glands (using a tool). If thecable glands (using a tool). If the
corrosion is a possibility, partiallycorrosion is a possibility, partially
dismantle the gland to check thedismantle the gland to check the
earthingearthing of cable armour onto theof cable armour onto thegland.gland.
GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
The Wrong Size Cable GlandThe Wrong Size Cable Gland
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
Tight bending Radius and CorrosionTight bending Radius and Corrosion CCG Corrosion GuardCCG Corrosion Guard
d ll i
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
Severe corrosion to Cable GlandsSevere corrosion to Cable Glands CCG Corrosion GuardCCG Corrosion Guard
d ll iB d I t ll ti !!
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
Severe corrosion, Glands notSevere corrosion, Glands not
Terminated, unused entriesTerminated, unused entries
arenarent pluggedt plugged
Corrosion proof enclosuresCorrosion proof enclosures
all glands terminated all unusedall glands terminated all unused
entries pluggedentries plugged
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B d I t ll ti !!B d I t ll ti !!
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
Corroded GlandsCorroded Glands CCG Corrosion Guard GlandCCG Corrosion Guard Gland
B d I t ll ti !!B d I t ll ti !!
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
Loose Fitting ShroudsLoose Fitting Shrouds CCG Screw On Corrosion GuardCCG Screw On Corrosion Guard
B d I t ll ti !!Bad Installations!!
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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!
ProblemProblem SolutionSolution
Taping a GlandTaping a Gland CCG Corrosion Guard GlandCCG Corrosion Guard Gland
Loose Components in GlandsLoose Components in Glands
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Loose Components in GlandsLoose Components in Glands
Can be left outCan be left out
The Problem of Loose ComponentsThe Problem of Loose Components
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pp
Almost all Ex glands have loose components such as seals, cones and conerings, all of which must be correctly installed on site. Losing one of thesecomponents invalidates the Ex certification of the gland and theequipment its connected to.
Two Part Captive Component Gland
Glands with loose components
The Problem at installationThe Problem at installation
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If cable gland components areleft out during installation, the Excertification of the apparatus to
which they are attached will becompromised.This cannot happen with 2 partCaptive Component Glands
2 part CaptiveComponent Gland Gland with loosecomponents Gland assembled on Exd enclosurewith components missing
Exd Glands on an Exd enclosure
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Captive Component Glands
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