hLP DH08TP NHM 2 Quy trnh sn xut c ngm du ng hp:1. Gii thiu sn phm c ngm du ng hp:

Thnh phn chnh ca c ng ngm du: Tht c ng, du thc vt, nc, mui, m thc vt (VB75), cht iu v (Mononatri glutamat 621) C ng l loi hi sn c gi tr kinh t cao v c nhiu ngi yu thch v hng v v gi tr dinh dng ca n. C ng c cc qun n, nh hng cng nh trong mi gia nh. C ng l mt mn n ph bin, nhng i vi nhng ngi bn rn, nhng bui i xa th chun b mt mn c ng tht qu xa x. Hiu c nhu cu , c ng ngm du ng hp ra i p ng y nhng yu cu ca khch hng:

c ng c hp, loi b da, phil sau ng hp cng vi du nnh v mt s gia v khc. C ng ngm du ong hp gi nguyn hng vi thm ngon va thnh phn dinh dng nh c ng ti: protein, vitamin (A, B1, B2, PP), mt t lipid trong c, du thc vt v khong cht nh P, Ca, Fe Ch mt sn phm nhng n cha trong rt nhiu tnh nng nh tin dng v tit kim thi gian: ngi tiu dng c th ch bin nhiu mn n a thch vi c ng c ng hp sn m khng tn thi gian x l c sch ri em ch bin. Ngoi ra c ng ngm du cn c th ch bin cng vi cc mn n khc cn c du chin nh: chin, xo Hn na tht c ng ng hp vn gi c mi v v mu sc c trng nh khi ta ch bin trong gia nh. C ng c th c s dng ch bin mn n bt c khi no v vo thi im no m khng s mt thi gian v ngun nguyn liu. Sau y nhm xin gii thiu cng cc bn mt s mn n ch bin t c ng ngm du. Ch cn vi pht l c th thng thc nhng mn n tht tuyt vi khng km nh hng. Tht n gin, tht thm ngon, tht tit kim! Tht tuyt vi!

2.

Gii thiu chung v c ng:

2.1. Nguyn liu: C ng thuc h c thu ng (Scombridae) c gi tr kinh t quan trng nht bin Vit Nam. C ng phn b khp cc vng bin Vit Nam, kch thc c tng i ln (6 loi c kch thc t 20 70 cm, khi lng t 0,5 4 kg). Ring hai loi c ng vy vng v c ng mt to c kch thc ln (70 200 cm, khi lng 1,6 64 kg). Cn c vo tp tnh di c c th chia c ng Vit Nam thnh 2 nhm nh: 1) Nhm cc loi c knh thc nh, di c trong phm vi a l hp.

2) Nhm cc loi di c i dng. Ma v khai thc: Ma v khai thc c ng vng bin Vit Nam gm hai v, v chnh bt u t thng 4 n thng 8, v ph t thng 10 n thng 2 nm sau. C ng thng tp trung thnh n v di c, trong n thng bao gm mt s loi khc nhau. Ngh khai thc ch yu l li vy, r, cu v ng. Ngh cu vng mi c du nhp t nhng nm 1990 nhanh chng tr thnh mt ngh khai thc c ng quan trng. Th trng xut khu: M, Nht Bn, chu u v mt s nc chu Bng: Thnh phn dinh dng ca c ng: Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100 g thc phm n c Mui khong Nng Thnh phn chnh lng Nc Prtin Lipid Tro Calci Phospho St Kcal (g) (Mg) 87 77,5 21,0 0,3 1,2 44 206 1,0 2.2. Tiu chun cht lng v phng php kim tra: V nhit : nhit tm c (0 40C) i vi c ti v < -100C i vi c kho lnh ng ca cng ty. Kim tra nhit bng nhit k. V cm quan: thng qua cm quan bn ngoi ca c (vy, mang, mt, da, bng) phn loi c. Nu c nhiu th a vo kho cp ng gi lnh ch sn xut khi khng c c ti (c cp ng n -180C c th bo qun c 6 thng n 1 nm), nu c t th a vo ch bin V chng loi: ch nhn c ng b, c ng loi khc (c ng sc, c ng bng) c tch ring lm sn phm khc. Hm lng Histamine < 50 ppm (theo quy nh ca B Y T). Tiu chun cc loi c:

Vitamin A B1 (mcg) (mg) 5 0,02

B2 0,08

PP 4,0

Cc b Tiu chun phn kim Loi 1 tra Ngoi dng Sng, h sc t phn sc cu Da vng, khng bin mu. Dch nht trong sut Li, gic mc trong sut. Mt ng t en, sng.

Loi 2

Loi 3

H sc t trong qu trnh bin H sc t sng nhng khng mu v m c. Dch nht trng bng lng. Dch nht hi c c Li v hi lm, mt dt trng Dt, gic mc trng c, ng t c. ng t en, m c m nht Gim mu, hi c vt ca Tr nn bin mu, dch nht m Mang Mu sng, khng c dch nht dch nht Tht (ct t Xanh nht, trong m, nhn Mt nh nhung, sp m Hi m nht phn bng) sng. Khng bin i mu gc c. Mu hi bin i Mu (dc theo ct Khng mu Pht hng Hng sng) Thn v d lng ca cc c Thn v d lng ca cc c Cc c Thn v d lng ca cc c quan quan khc phi sng nh quan khc phi c, mu quan khc v mu phi m mu trong ng mch ch b bin mu iu kin Hi mm, t n hi. B mt m Tht Chc v n hi, b mt nhn t n hi hn c Ct sng Gy, thay v ri ra Dnh Hi dnh Mang bng Dnh hon ton vo tht Dnh Hi dnh Mi Mang, da, Khng c mi rong bin khoang Rong bin Hi chua hoc bt k mi kh chu no bng

2.3. Cc dng h hng: v H hng do enzyme c trong c:

S phn gii glycogen (qu trnh glycosis)

Glycogen b phn gii di tc dng ca men glycolysis trong iu kin khng c oxy bng con ng Embden Meyerhof, dn n s tch ly acid lactic lm gim pH ca c tht c. i vi c ng, pH c tht gim t 6,8 xung mc pH: 5,4 5,6. pH ca c tht c gim sau khi c cht c nh hng n tnh cht vt l ca c tht c. Khi pH gim, in tch b mt ca protein si c gim i, lm cho cc protein b bin tnh cc b v lm gim kh nng gi nc ca chng. M c trong giai on t cng s mt nc khi luc v c bit khng thch hp cho qu trnh ch bin c x l nhit, v s bin tnh do nhit cng lm tng s mt nc. S mt nc c nh hng xu n cu trc ca c tht c v Love (1975) cho thy gia dai c tht v pH c mi quan h t l nghch, dai mc khng th chp nhn c (mt nc khi luc) s xy ra c tht c pH thp.

S phn hy ATP

Sau khi cht, ATP b phn hy nhanh to thnh inosine monophosphate (IMP) bi enzym ni bo (s t phn). Tip theo s phn gii ca IMP to thnh inosine v hypoxanthine l chm hn nhiu v

c xc tc chnh bi enzym ni bo IMP phosphohydrolase v inosine ribohydrolase, cng vi s tham gia ca enzym c trong vi khun khi thi gian bo qun tng. S phn gii ATP c tm thy song song vi s mt ti ca c, c xc nh bng phn tch cm quan. Trong tt c cc loi c, cc giai on t phn xy ra ging nhau nhng tc t phn khc nhau, thay i ty theo loi.

S phn gii protein

Bin i t phn ca protein trong c t c ch . H enzym protease quan trng nht l men cathepsin, trong c chng hot ng rt thp, nhng ngc li hot ng mnh cc loi tm, cua v nhuyn th.

Cc enzym cathepsin

Cathepsin l enzym thy phn nm trong lysosome. Enzym quan trng nht l cathepsin D tham gia vo qu trnh thy phn protein ni ti ca t bo to thnh peptide pH = 2-7. Sau peptide tip tc b phn hy di tc dng ca men cathepsin A, B v C. Tuy nhin, qu trnh phn gii protein di tc dng enzym thy phn trong tht c rt t. Enzym cathepsin c vai tr chnh trong qu trnh t chn ca c pH thp v nng mui thp. Enzym cathepsin b c ch hot ng nng mui 5%.

Cc enzym calpain

Gn y, ngi ta tm thy mi lin h gia mt nhm enzym proteaza ni bo th hai c gi l calpain hay yu t c hot ha bi canxi (CAF) i vi qu trnh t phn gii c tht c c tm thy trong tht, cc loi c c vy v gip xc. Cc enzym calpain tham gia vo qu trnh lm gy v tiu hy protein trong si c.

Cc enzym collagenase

Enzym collagenase gip lm mm t bo m lin kt. Cc enzym ny gy ra cc vt nt hoc b gy cc myotome khi bo qun c bng trong mt thi gian di hoc khi bo qun ch trong thi gian ngn nhng nhit cao. S phn ct TMAO

Trimetylamin l mt amin d bay hi c mi kh chu c trng cho mi thy sn n hng. S c mt ca trimetylamin trong c n hng l do s kh TMAO di tc dng ca vi khun. S gia tng TMA trong thy sn ph thuc ch yu vo hm lng ca TMAO trong nguyn liu c. TMA c dng nh gi cht lng ca c bin. Tin trnh ny b c ch khi c c lm lnh. c lnh ng formaldehyde c th gy ra s bin tnh protein, lm thay i cu trc v mt kh nng gi nc ca sn phm. S to thnh DMA v formaldehyde l vn quan trng cn quan tm trong sut qu trnh bo qun lnh ng. Tc hnh thnh formaldehyde nhanh nht khi nhit lnh ng cao (lnh ng chm). Ngoi ra, nu c b tc ng c hc qu mc trong cc khu t khi nh bt n khi lm lnh ng v nu nhit trong qu trnh bo qun lnh ng b dao ng th lng formaldehyde hnh thnh s tng. Bng : Tm tt nhng bin i trong qu trnh t phn gii ca c p lnh Enzym C cht Enzym phn gii Glycogen glycogen Cc bin i xy ra Ngn chn/Km hm To ra acid lactic, lm gim pH Phi trnh gy cng thng cho ca m, lm mt kh nng gi c giai on trc khi xy nc trong c. Trn thc t, nu ra t cng. c th nn qu trnh t

cng ca c din ra nhit cng gn 00C cng tt. Nhit cao khi xy ra t cng c th dn n s nt c tht. Enzym gy ra t ATP, ADP, Mt mi c ti, dn dn xut Tng t nh trn. phn gii, lin AMP, IMP hin v ng do Hx ( nhng Bc d vn chuyn mnh tay quan n s ph giai on sau). hoc nn s lm tng s hy nucleotid ph hy Cathepsin Cc protein, cc M b mm ha gy kh khn Trnh mnh tay khi thao tc peptid hoc cn tr cho vic ch bin lc bo qun v bc d Chymotrypsin, Cc protein, cc T phn gii khoang bng ca Vn s gia tng khi ng lnh/r trypsin, peptid cc loi c tng ni (gy hin ng hoc bo qun lnh trong thi cacboxypeptidase tng v bng) gian di. Calpain Cc protein si Lm mm m c v gip xc lt Loi b canxi ngn chn c xc qu trnh hot ha Collagenase M lin kt Vt nt trn ming phil. S thoi ha ca m lin Gy mm ha kt lin quan n thi gian v nhit bo qun lnh TMAO TMAO To ra formaldehyt lm cng cBo qun c nhit