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Chapter 8

Operating Systems

and UtilityPrograms

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System Software

What is software? The series of computer-language coded

instructions that tells the computer how to

perform tasks

Two types ofsoftware

p.8.2

Next

application

software

systemsoftware

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System Software

What is system software? Programs that

control theoperations of thecomputer and itsdevices

Interface betweenuser, applicationsoftware, andhardware

Two types are

operating systemsand utilityprograms

p.8.2

Next

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OperatingOperating

SystemSystem

Operating Systems

What is an operating system (OS)? Set of programs

containinginstructions thatcoordinate all the

activities amongcomputer hardwareresources

Required for acomputer to work

p.8.3

Next

Click to

view

animation

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OperatingOperating

SystemSystem

manage

programs

Operating Systems

What are the functions of an operating system?

p.8.3 Fig. 8-1

Next

start up the

computer

administer

security

control a

network

monitor

performance and

provide

housekeeping

services

access the

Web

schedule jobs

and configure

devices

provide user

interfacemanage

memory

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Operating System

Functions

MemoryManagement

Startup Computer

ProgramManagement

Schedule Jobs

Configure Devices Access the Web

AdministerSecurity

Control Network

MonitorPerformance

Provide User

Interface

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Operating Systems

Where is the operating system located? Resides on computers

hard disk in most cases May reside on a ROM

chip on handheld

computers

p.8.3

Next

various operating systems

often are not compatible

with each other

same types ofcomputers may have

different operatingsystems

different sizes of

computers typically

use different

operating systems

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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is booting?

The process of starting or restarting a computer

p.8. 4

Next

cold boot

Process of turning on a

computer after it has been

powered off completelywarm boot

Process of restarting a

computer that is alreadypowered on

Also called a warm start

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memory resident

Remains in memory

while the computer is

running

The kernel is

memory resident

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is the kernel? The core of an operating system

Manages memory and devices

Maintains the computers clocks

Starts applications

Assigns the computers resources, such asdevices, programs, data, and information

Each time you boot a computer, the kerneland other frequently used operatingsystem instructions are loaded

Loading a file means the file is copied from thehard disk to the computer's memory

p.8. 4

Next

nonresident

Instructions remain on

the hard disk untilthey are needed

Other parts of the

operating system are

nonresident

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processor

BIOS

CD-ROM drive

Step 3

Operating System

FunctionsStep 3: The BIOS

performs the POST,

which checks

components such

as the mouse,

keyboard

connectors, andexpansion cards

POST

power-on self test

expansion cards

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 4: The results

of the POST arecompared with data

in the CMOS chip

processor

BIOS

CD-ROM drive

CMOS

Step 4

CMOS chip

Stores configuration

information about the

computer

Also detects newdevices connected to

the computer expansion cards

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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 5: The BIOS

looks for the system

files in drive A

(floppy disk drive)

and then drive C

(hard disk)

processor

BIOS

hard disk

CD-ROM drive

CMOS

floppy disk drive

Step 5

expansion cards

system files

Specific operating

system files loaded

during start up

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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 6: The boot

program loads thekernel of the

operating system

into RAM from

storage (hard disk)

The operating

system in memory

takes control of the

computer

processor

BIOS

hard disk

CD-ROM drive

(RAM)

memory

modules

CMOS

floppy disk drive

Step 6

expansion cards

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Step 7

Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 7: The operating system

loads configuration informationand displays the desktop on the

screen

The operating system executes

programs in the StartUp folder

registry

Several files that contain

the system configuration

information

Registry is constantlyaccessed during the

computer's operation

StartUp folder

Contains a list of programs

that open automatically

when you boot the

computer

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commands

entered byuser

commands

entered byuser

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is a user interface?

p.8.7 Fig. 8-6

Next

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on the screen

Click to

view animation

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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is multitasking? Allows a single user to work on two or more applications that

reside in memory at the same time

p.8.9 Fig. 8-8

Next

Backgroundapplications

listed on the

toolbar

Background

applications

listed on the

toolbar

foreground

applicationforeground

application

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Operating System

Functions

p.8.9

Next

multiuser

Operating system enables twoor more users to run a

program simultaneously

multiprocessing

Operating system can supporttwo or more processors running

programs at the same time

fault-tolerant computerContinues to operate even if one or

its components fails

Computer has duplicate components

such as processors, memory, and

disk drives

What are other program management features of

operating systems?

Click to

view

animation

O S

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RAM

(physical

memory)

disk

(virtual

memory)

page swapped out

RAM

(physical

memory)

disk

(virtual

memory)

Step 1: Operating

system transfersleast recently used

data and program

instructions to disk

because memory is

needed for otherfunctions

page swapped in

page swapped out

RAM

(physical

memory)

disk

(virtual

memory)

Step 2: Operating

system transfersdata and program

instructions from

disk to memory

when they are

needed

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is virtual memory (VM) management?

The operating

system allocates a

portion of a

storage medium,

usually the harddisk, to function

as additional RAM

p.8.10 Fig. 8-9

Next

O i S

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Operating System

Functions

What is a device driver?

p.8.11

Next

Click to view Web Link

then click DeviceDrivers

device driver

Program that tells the operating system how to

communicate with a device

Also called a driver

Each device requires its own driver

O i S
http://scsite.com/dc2002/default.cfm?chap=8&module=links

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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is Plug and Play?

The computer recognizes a new device, loads the

necessary drivers automatically, and checks for

conflicts with other devices

Supported by most

devices and operating

systems today

p.8. 13

Next


then click Plug andPlay

O i S

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Operating System

Functions

What is formatting? The process of

preparing a disk for

reading and writing

Most floppy and harddisk manufacturers

pre-format their disks

Various operating

systems format disksdifferently

p.8. 15

Next

O ti S t

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Operating System

Functions

What is a network operating system? An operating system that supports a network Also called a network OS or NOS

p.8.15 Fig. 8-16

Next

A network is a

collection ofcomputers and

devices

connected

together via

communications

media and

devices

server controls accesslaserprinter

client client client

St d Al O ti

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commands

entered byuser

commands

entered byuser

Stand-Alone Operating

SystemsWhat is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Refers to several single user operating systems

developed in the early 1980s for personal computers

Two more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-

DOS, both developed by Microsoft

p.8.17

Next

Used a

command line

interface and

added a menu-

driven interface

in later versions

St d Al O ti

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Windows 95

A true multitasking

operating system

with downward

compatibility for

DOS and Windows3.x


SystemsWhat is Windows? Developed by Windows to meet the need

for an operating system that had a GUI

p.8.18

Next

Click toviewWeb Link

thenclickWindows

Windows 3.x

Refers to three early

versions of Microsoft

Window that were

operating environments

with DOS

A GUI that works incombination with an

operating system to

simplify its use

Windows NTWorkstation

A client operating

system that could

connect to a

Windows NT server

Used a Windows 95

interface

St d Al O ti

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Systems

An operating

system that has

featuresspecifically for

the home users

Also called

Windows Me Includes

multimedia

features

p.8.20 Fig. 8-21

Next

What is Windows Millennium Edition(ME)?

Network Operating

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Network Operating

Systems

What is UNIX? A multitasking operating system developed inthe early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories

p.8.23 Fig. 8-24

Next


then click UNIX

Command-line

interface

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Embedded Operating

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Embedded Operating

SystemsWhat is an Auto PC?

A device mounted onto a vehicles dashboard that is powered byWindows CE

Directed through voice commands

Provides information to the driver such as driving directions, trafficconditions, weather,and stock quotes, access and listen to e-mail

Acts as a radio or an audio CD Shares

informationwith ahandheld ornotebook

computer

p.8. 25 Fig. 8-26

Next

Utility Programs

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utility suites

Combine several utility

programs into a single

package

Utility Programs

What is a utility program?

A type of systemsoftware thatperforms a specific

task Usually related to

managing acomputer, its

devices or itsprograms

p.8.27

Next

McAfee and Norton offer

utility suites and Web-

based utility services

Web-based utility service

Pay an annual fee that

allows you to access and

use a vendors utility

programs on the Web

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Documents

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