Science4Natural

Student’s book

Contents

LESSON

1. The Earth

VALUES

Taking care of our planet.

COMMUNICATION AND CRITICAL SPIRIT

Explaining the Solar System and the Earth’s rotation.

COMPETENCES AND MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

Mathematical competence and basic competence in science and technology / Visual-spatial.

Page

4 to 17

2. The Atmosphere Knowing the ozone layer and its importance.

Discussing the world’s major climate zones and climate factors.

Knowledge and interaction with the world / Naturalistic.

18 to 31

3. Hydrosphere Understanding the importance of water in our lives.

Explaining the differences between sea water and continental water.

Knowledge and interaction with the world / Naturalistic.

32 to 41

4. Geosphere Knowing the importance of the Earth’s natural resources.

Understanding the geosphere’s layers: natural movements and main relief structures.

Knowledge and interaction with the world / Naturalistic.

42 to 57

5. Landscapes Knowing the importance and impact of human activity.

Explaining the difference between land and aquatic biomes.

Knowledge and interaction with the world / Naturalistic.

58 to 71

8. Time and History

Respecting the historical and cultural heritage.

Talking about democracy as a political system.

Cultural awareness and expression / Intrapersonal.

7. Population and work

Understanding and respecting diversity.

Explaining changing population factors.

Mathematical competence and basic competence in science and technology / Verbal linguistic.

88 to 101

102 to 119

6. Territorial Organisation

Knowing the values of the European Union.

Valuing the importance of territorial organisation.

Social and civic competence / Interpersonal.

72 to 87

Read

I can read different types of maps.

Talk

I can explain the time zones.

Speak

I can talk about the movements of the Earth and the moon.

Write

I can write about celestial bodies of the Solar System.

Listen

I can listen to information about the Earth’s spheres.

I HAVE LEARNT

I can read about weather factors.

I can explain the differences between the four seasons.

I can talk about the composition of the atmosphere.

I can write about Spain’s climates.

I can listen to and understand a meteorological report.

I can read about water distribution in the world.

I can talk about sea water and continental water.

I can name the elements of the water cycle.

I can write about the main rivers of Spain.

I can listen to the teacher speaking about the main rivers of Europe.

I can read about the Earth’s layers and its composition.

I can explain the movement of tectonic plates.

I can name rocks, minerals and gemstones.

I can write about the relief structures of the Earth.

I can listen about the uses of rocks, minerals and gemstones.

I can read about the main landscape.

I can explain the different coastlines in Spain.

I can name the geographical features.

I can write about the characteristics of land biomes.

I can listen about natural resources.

I know how to measure and represent timelines.

I can explain the differences between the periods of Prehistory.

I can name historical periods.

I can write about the main civilizations of Ancient History.

I can listen to information about historical and cultural heritage.

I can read about population graphs.

I can talk about the three different economic sectors.

I can speak about emigration and immigration.

I can write about map symbols.

I can listen about road safety.

I can read how Spain’s political organisation works.

I can talk about the autonomous communities of Spain.

I can write about the organisation of a town.

I can listen about how the European Union works.

I can name the difference between autonomous communities and provinces.

Lesson 1The Earth

You will learn about

The Solar SystemThe movements of the Earth

The seasonsThe moon

EclipsesRepresentation of the Earth

Scales and map symbolsTime zones

four4

The Earth

Look and thinkThis is the planet Earth. It is called the blue planet. Do you know why it is called this? Why do you think

there is light on one side and dark on the other?

VocabularyPlanets

AsteroidMeteor

Satellite Solar and lunar eclipses

ScaleMeridiansParallels

International Dateline

five 5

6

What is the Solar System? It is our Sun and everything that travels around it. The Solar System is elliptical in shape. This means it has the form of an egg. It has eight planets with their satellites and other space objects that orbit around the Sun. The Sun is in the centre of the Solar System.

The Solar System

Did you know?The Sun’s force

of gravity is very

powerful and

pulls the planets

towards it.

Did you know?Telescopes are used to

observe the universe.

For the past 400 years

telescopes have helped

astronomers to see

into the depths of

outer space.

Learn about the planets using a mnemonic rule.

1. In pairs, create your own mnemonic rules. Think and write sentences where the first letters of the word are the same sequence as you are trying to learn.

2. Share your sentences with the rest of the class.

Notebook activities

six

7

Watch the video. Draw a picture of our Solar System including all you have seen.

Online http://links.edebe.com/myv6xv

What information do you know about meteors, satellites, comets and asteroids? Do you know if there are any other types of satellites?

Talk about it

An asteroid is a rocky body that orbits around the Sun.

Meteors are small pieces of rock or minerals that have broken off a larger asteroid.

A natural satellite is a celestial body that orbits a planet.

A comet is an icy body that gives off gas or dust.

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The movements of the Earth

The planets spin as they orbit the Sun. It takes the Earth 24 hours to make one complete turn on its axis, so an Earth day is 24 hours long.The Sun lights up one half of the Earth, and the other half is in shadow. As the Earth spins we move from dark to light and light to dark.

Watch these videos to see the Earth rotating. Learn about day and night.

Onlinehttp://links.edebe.com/ttmggthttp://links.edebe.com/zz2dhp

Did you know?The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

Sunrise Day Sunset Night

Rotation

9nine

The Earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days. This orbit combined with the tilt gives us the seasons.

1. In pairs, with modelling clay, create the Earth’s rotation and revolution on a poster board.

2. Prepare a class display with your creations. Take turns and explain how it works.

Notebook activities

Watch the vídeo and learn about the seasons.Look at the map and observe the changes in the seasons depending on the month.

Onlinehttp://links.edebe.com/fpzhhttp://links.edebe.com/qhfa8

Orbit

10 ten

The MoonThe Moon is the Earth’s only natural satellite. A natural satellite is a celestial body that orbits a planet. It is the fifth largest moon in the Solar System. The average distance from the Moon to the Earth is 384,403 kilometres.

The first person to set foot on the Moon was Neil Armstrong in 1969. Do you know of any other famous astronauts? Find information on the Internet about them and their journeys to the Moon.

Talk about it

Did you know?The atmosphere

causes meteors to

disintegrate before

crashing on to planet

Earth. While on the

Moon, meteors do

crash creating big

craters because

of the absence of

atmosphere.

1. Look up in the Internet information about the first man to set foot on the Moon.

2. Write the information in your notebook and share it with your classmates.

Notebook activities

11eleven

EclipsesAn eclipse is an obscuring of light, particularly of the Sun or Moon.

Did you know?The reddish

colour during

lunar eclipses

is produced

by the reflection

of the Sun.

Watch this video to learn more about solar and lunar eclipses.

Online http://links.edebe.com/4zuzi

When does the solar eclipse take place? Where is the best place to view an eclipse? Which is the safest way to view an eclipse?

Talk about it

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes behind the Earth so that the Earth blocks the Sun’s rays from striking the Moon.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and the Moon fully or partially covers the Sun as viewed from some locations on Earth.

SOLAR ECLIPSESLUNAR ECLIPSES

12 twelve

Representation of the EarthThe Earth is divided into imaginary lines. Parallels are circles perpendicular to the axis. Meridians are imaginary semicircles drawn from the North pole to the South pole.

Locate points on the map using parallels and meridians.

Online http://links.edebe.com/jpyd

Meridian of Greenwich is the meridian of reference (0°). The East and West meridians start from here.

The North and South pole (90°) are the points cut by the axis of rotation of the Earth.

Tropic of Cancer (23,5°N)

The Equator (0°) is the largest parallel and it divides the Earth into two hemispheres: North and South.

Tropic of Capricorn (23,5°S)

PARALLELS

MERIDIANS

13thirteen

CoordinatesParallels and meridians define geographic coordinates that allow precise placement of any point on the Earth’s surface. These two coordinates are latitude (parallels) and longitude (meridians).

Watch this video and review everything about the parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude.

Online http://links.edebe.com/3kgjxt

Did you know?Each degree

of latitude or

longitude represents

approximately 111 km

on Earth.

Look at the following coordinates: 51°30 26 N 0°07 39 O 30° 5 0 N 31° 25 0 E 27°59 17 N 86°55 31 E1. Locate them on the map.

2. Look for them in Google Maps. What places do they correspond to?

Notebook activities

Madrid

40°25 08 NLatitude

3°41 31 OLongitude

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Time zonesAs you move around the globe, you’ll eventually reach a place where the time is either one day ahead or behind. This place is known as the International Dateline. Australia and a few other places are a day ahead of you. When it’s Monday where you live, it’s Tuesday there.

Watch the video about time zones.

Online http://links.edebe.com/8m4Do you remember the countries we looked for on the previous page?

1. Look at your watch, what time is it?

2. What time is it there now?

Notebook activities

15fifteen

Globes and mapsThe location of any place or feature on the Earth’s surface can be shown on a map or globe. A map is usually drawn on a flat surface; a globe on a spherical surface; but both are drawings or pictures reduced in proportional size. This is called scale.

Watch the video and learn about maps.

Online http://links.edebe.com/geq4t

Learn about how men discovered the Earth was round.

Online http://links.edebe.com/e47zp

1. Write: What type of map would you use to find: The capital of Spain. Mulhacén mountain. The streets of Barcelona. The population of Spain.

Notebook activities

Did you know?The oldest globe was made more than 2,100 years ago?

Famous explorers travelled the seas with them.

Political maps show all man-made divisions of the land: countries, states...

Thematic maps show specific topics on a land (highways, population...).

Physical maps show the surface of the Earth.

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Plans, scales and map symbolsMaps and plans guide us around places but they can’t show the things the size they are in real life. They use scale to make things smaller. Different scales are useful for showing different things on a map.

A symbol is a drawing or sign that stands for a real place or thing, symbols can be made for nearly everything.

Watch the video. Learn about map symbols and review what you have learnt.

Online http://links.edebe.com/r9p6sf

Did you know?A compass rose is a design on

a map that shows directions. It

shows north, south, east, west,

Look at the symbols on the map. Discuss the meaning of each symbol. Do you know of any other symbols? Which ones?

Talk about it

17seventeen

Earth’s SpheresThe Earth is divided into four spheres.

Watch this video and learn more about the four spheres.

Online http://links.edebe.com/f884mt

10% of the planet’s land is actually covered in ice. The ice in these places, such as the Antarctic and Arctic are covered in big pieces called glaciers or ice sheets. What would happen if the glaciers melted?

Talk about it

BIOSPHERE All living organisms: plants, animals, and single-celled organisms.

HYDROSPHERE Water is one of the most common substances on the Earth.

ATMOSPHERE All gases around the Earth.

LITHOSPHERE The solid, rocky crust covering the entire planet. It covers the entire surface of the Earth.