C2 Properties of materials LO To know how to describe materials and to introduce polymers

C2 Properties of materialsLO To know how to describe materials and to introduce polymersHow many reasons can you suggest for why we dont make teapots out of chocolate

What is this module about?

Copy these words and try to write a definition for them.

StrongSoftHeavyFlexibleBrittle

What are their opposites??

stiffflexiblehow much force is needed to change shape/length?lightheavyhow dense is it?

strongweakhow much pressure can you put on it before it collapsesbrittletoughhow much energy can it absorb before it breaks?

hard softhow easy it is to scratch the surface?

Thinkboard:Outcomes create a thinkboard that explains the different properties of materials - work independently

Use the hand-outto help you!EXTENSION: create a key word wordsearch using some squared paper

What is melting point?

Give examplesMaterial with low melting point Material with high melting point

(D)What is the difference between strength and stiffness and hardness?

(D-C)

How is density different to mass?

(C)What is an element?-What is a molecule?-Can you explain the difference between an compound and a mixture?

(B)

copy and completeThe strength of a material is the f needed to b it. Strength is the force needed to pull an object aForce is measured in ..Stiffness is a measure of how d they are to b or s If a material is s it is easy to s. The density of a material tells you how h or l it is.Word bankForce difficult Newtons apart Bend Soft Break Heavy Stretch light Scratch

We will find out about .The testing and measurement that helps people make choices when buying productsSome of the explanations scientists use to design better materials Ways to weigh up the costs and benefits of using different materialsThe choices people can make to reduce waste.

Materials by designLO: To know the difference between natural and man made materials and how the properties are important Mix and match

Hard

Tough

Strong

Stiff

The opposite of brittle

A lot of pressure needed to break it

Not easy to scratch

The opposite of flexible

PolymersPolymers are long molecules made up of chains of repeating units. There are natural and synthetic polymers e.g. cellulose (used in plants) and PVC used for dodgy trousers

A polythene bag. Why do we wrap our food?

A new leg made of polypropylene. In what ways can polymers meet our need for health care?

Why preach in an inflatable church made of PVC?

Why make bottles and food containers from PET (a polyester)?

A boat with polyester sails and a reinforced plastic hull. Why sail in a boat like this?

A painting in a shop in Zanzibar. The paint is acrylic. Why do people buy pictures like this?

Why does this farmworker need to wear a polycarbonate face mask and synthetic rubber gloves?

Why use polycarbonate to make this roof over the Manchester City stadium?

Kevlar is the polymer in army helmets and bulletproof clothing. What makes Kevlar so vital?

Why does this diver choose to wear a wetsuit? The suit is made of a synthetic rubber, neoprene.

How does a nylon rope help to meet this climbers need for safety?

What type of polymers do you know?neoprenePET -polyesterMan made POLYMERSKevlar

What type of polymers do you know?DNACottonNATURAL POLYMERSWood

Propene ethene styrene poly(vinyl chloride) PVC

Name of the monomerPictureName of the polymer Poly(ethene)Poly(propene)Vinyl chloride Polystyrene

OUTCOMES Powerpoint on materials.Split into sections man made polymers vs natural polymers

In each section research the

-structure-making of -uses Natural PolymerMan-made Polymer

CottonNeopreneDNAPET - polyesterWoodKevlar

Using pg 112 complete this table

Name ofmaterial What is thematerial used for?Why is thismaterial used?DisadvantagesAnothermaterial thatcould be used


Hard

Tough

Strong

Stiff



Not easy to scratch


Starter

Name a material that is natural (comes straight from the earths resources)

Name a material that humans have to make

What is the advantage of being able to make our own materials?

Natural or synthetic LO: To know where our clothes come from

Propene ethene styrene poly(vinyl chloride) PVC


OUTCOMES Powerpoint on materials.Split into sections man made polymers vs natural polymers

In each section research the

-structure-making of -uses Natural PolymerMan-made Polymer

CottonNeopreneDNAPET - polyesterWoodKevlar

A polythene bag. Why do we wrap our food?

A new leg made of polypropylene. In what ways can polymers meet our need for health care?

Why preach in an inflatable church made of PVC?

Quick recap:




Starter





Mix and match

Hard

Tough

Strong

Stiff



Not easy to scratch



What is the process of making a polymer called?POLYMERISATION nanometres

Once we have a polymer we can CHANGE it

Chain length long and stiff vs. short and soft

Cross links = stiffer and stronger

Plasticisers = flexible and soft

PolymersPick two ways from below to show how we might make a polymer softer/weakerAdd side branchesAdd a plasterciserMake really long chainsMake short chainsAdd cross linksMake sure there are no side branches

making nylon polymerisation reaction Hexamethylene diamine(more dense so on the bottom)Adipoyl chloride (less dense so floats on top)

making slime cross linked polymer

making slimeMethod Half fill a plastic cup with the water and Borax solutionIn another cup half fill with PVA glueAdd the Borax solution to the PVA and mix to make slime!The more you squish your slime the better it will be

making slime which do you prefer?

Natural or syntheticLO: To know where our clothes come from1) The smallest building block of a polymer is called a. monomer d. atom c. mixture d. solution

2)The polymer of styrene is called .a. poly ( vinyl chloride) b. plastic c. poly (styrene) d. poly (ethene)

3)Poly (ester) PET is commonly used to make a. bricks b. swimwear c. plastic carrier bags d. umbrellas

4)Each carbon atoms makes .. number of bonds a. 4 b. 6 c. 1 d. 2

Gimme 5!- 4 things you have learnt- 1 question or target for improvement

StarterTry and name each material Testing materials LO: Introduce a variety of ways to test materials and plan and carry out an investigation using polymers

PET - polyester

Design your own experiment to test the strength of threadAre all red threads equally as strong?Does the colour of the thread make a difference to the strength?Does thickness of thread make a difference to the strength?Does length of thread make a difference to the strength?Does colour make a difference to how stretchy the thread is?

The all important questions.What makes a fair test?

What is a reliable set of data?

What does accuracy mean?

Station 1: strong or weakStation 2: stiff or stretchyStation 3: hard or softStation 4: high or low densityStation 5: easy or hard to meltTo complete the practical circus in a safe and sensible manner

Discuss your findings using the right wordsCorrect word Incorrect word or a better word could be used

To planPlan your investigation by considering these questions: What is your question?What will you be changing (independent variable) What will you measure for each sample (dependent variable)? How will you make it a fair test? What apparatus will you use and how will you set it up? How many times will you repeat each measurement? How will you make sure that your work is safe?How will you make sure you are working accurately?

To record and interpretThese questions will help you make sense of the results of your investigation: How will you record your results? Are any of your measurement outliers that should be rejected? For each set of measurements, how can you obtain a best estimate of the true value. How can you display the data in a table, graph, or chart? When comparing two sets of measurements on different samples, how can you decide whether or not there is a real difference between the materials tested? What is your answer to the question you set out to investigate?

To evaluateEvaluate your investigation by considering these questions.

Wat is the answer to your question What difficulties did you have in collecting reliable data? How confident are you in your conclusions? How could you have improved on the investigation?

Making a Poster!Outcome: use the information sheet structure and properties of polymers and nanotechnologyInclude information on:

Weak and Strong forcesChain lengthCross linksPlasticisersCrystallineNanoparticles - uses


Hard

Tough

Strong

Stiff



Not easy to scratch


Polymers and polymerisationLO To know what polymerisation is and how it was discoveredStarterExplain how paperclips can be like polymers

What is the process of making a polymer called?POLYMERISATION nanometres

We can alter the properties of a polymer by changing the chain structures

Propene ethane styrene poly(vinyl chloride) PVC


Polymer discoveriesIn pairs your challenge is to...

Fill in the grid sheet in the fastest time!!!

Natural or syntheticLO: To know where our clothes come fromLook at the clothing labels you are wearingAre your clothes natural or synthetic??

Whiteboard quiz

A molecule is a group of atoms joined together ...OOOOCHOHO2CO2H2O

1. How many atoms ?2 atoms of oxygen3 atoms 1 of carbon and 2 of oxygen

What is the formula?C2H6Write the number of carbons first alwaysC4H8

What is a hydrocarbon?A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, chemically joined togetherAre these hydrocarbons?C2H6OC2H4C6H12O6CH4YESNO

Why cant we use chocolate teapots?Chocolate does not have the right PROPERTIES. It melts at low temperatures and cracks when solid

What are the properties of materials?

PropertyDescriptionStrongStiffHardMelting pointDensity

Natural or syntheticLO: To know where our clothes come fromLook at the clothing labels you are wearingAre your clothes natural or synthetic??

TASK: make a revision booklet about the topic C2 Material Choices (module test last lesson)OUTCOMES:

Include information on the following topics-

Natural and Synthetic materialsMaterials and PropertiesUses of MaterialsCrude Oil and its usesPolymerisationStructure and Properties of PolymersNanotechnology

Use the revision guides and text books to help you

Natural or syntheticLO: To know where our clothes come from1) The smallest building block of a polymer is called a. monomer d. atom c. mixture d. solution

2)The polymer of styrene is called .a. poly ( vinyl chloride) b. plastic c. poly (styrene) d. poly (ethene)



Natural orSynthetic

Acetate Umbrellas/cigarette filters Hemp Cements, Paper NylonThread Polyester Clothing football shirts Acrylic False Nails flaxCanvas, Towelling silkUnderwear, Bedding, Curtains PVCWindows/ guttering polytheneCarrier bags Cotton Bedding, Clothing

Dr Smiths Clothing Is it natural or synthetic?

GarmentFibres it containsWhere it was madeNatural or Synthetic?Walking trousers100% NylonVietnamJeans98% CottonIndonesia2% ElastaneFleece100% PolyesterIndonesiaT Shirt100% CottonIndonesiaScarf100% WoolGermanySkirt50% CottonTurkey50% LinenJacket (outer)100% PolyesterRomaniaJacket (lining)57% AcetateRomania43% Polyamide

Designing polymersLO: To know how we can strengthen and soften polymersDescribe how these two types of polymer are different. Try to use words like strength, softness, brittle etcKevlarPVC

PolymersAdd side branchesAdd a plasterciserMake really long chainsMake short chainsAdd cross linksMake sure there are no side branches

PlasticisersAdd a plasterciser and it makes the polymers easier to slide over each other and softens the material.

PlasticisersYou can soften PVC by adding a oily liquid

Cross-linksAdding cross-links to a polymer stops the long chains sliding past each other

Cross links- VulcanisationYou can harden rubber by adding sulphur cross links

LengthLong chains polymers are much stifferShort chains polymers are softer

BranchesBranches make it softerNo branches - made with a catalyst the polymers lie close together

CrosslinkingCrosslinks are formed by atoms bonding between the polymer chains so they can no longer move. NATURAL RUBBERVULCANISED RUBBERMaterial stretches and breaks easilyMaterial is hard and rigid

PlasticizersThese make a polymer softer and more flexible UNPLATICIZED PVC (uPVC)PLASTICIZED PVCMaterial is hard and rigidMaterial is soft and flexible

Task: Making a PosterOutcome: use the information sheets to design a poster to teach Y7s about the structure and properties of polymersInclude information on:

Chain lengthCross linksPlasticisersBranchesWeak and Strong forces

Use pages 49-51 +WS Properties and Structures of Polymers lesson 8

TechniquePicture.Weaker or stronger because..Branches(LDPE)No branches(HDPE)No cross linksSulphur Cross LinksVulcanisationNo PlasticizerPlasticizer

Name a synthetic polymer.

Name a natural polymer.

Polycarbonate is used for conservatory roofing. What properties must it have?

The diagram above shows a polymer molecule in candle wax. Which elements are found in the molecules in candle wax?

Polythene contains the same elements but it is much stronger than candle wax. Why?

Polythene is made by linking together ethene molecules. What do we call this process?

Which of the following pictures shows high density polythene?AB

The diagram below shows the molecules in natural rubber. Draw a diagram to show what happens when rubber is vulcanised.

RoleplayIn 6s pick one method and show the difference

Natural or syntheticLO: To know how to make our lifestyles sustainableGO THROUGH BOOK AND RESPOND TO RED PEN COMMENTS

1) The smallest building block of a polymer is called a. monomer d. atom c. mixture d. solution

2)The polymer of styrene is called .a. polyvinyl chloride b. plastic c. polystyrene d. polyethene



SustainabilityRead page 54 about the Easter Island Mystery

Give 2 examples about how your lifestyle is sustainable.

Polymers from the cradle to the grave

Imagine a bath full of oil. Thats about one barrel.All over the world we extract about 70 million barrels of oil every day.Thats enough to fill and empty every bath in London once per hour, day after day.

Pipelines cut across the countryside to bring oil from the wells to refineries.

Its hard to avoid spilling some oil on its way from well to refinery.

We burn most of the oil as fuel. After refining, only about 4% is converted to plastics. Thats still a lot of oil.

Hot plastics are moulded under heat and pressure.

Plastics meet our needs:for cooking and warmthfor clothingfor decorationfor sport and leisure

We all produce waste.We can recycle some waste, but there is a vast amount of it.

Millions of households produce mountains of waste.

Plastics can make good fuels they come from oil, which is the source of most other fuels.

Plastic in landfill is a real waste.

Using page 58 and 59Draw a circular cartoon showing the stages in the life cycle of a polymer CradleGettingGraveUseMakingEver wondered about this symbol??

LCA-Slow down the flow of materials from resource to waste

HW markingYou needHWRed penMarking book Calculator

Mark your HWMake correctionsTotal your marks and calculate a %Answer my red pen comments in your booksAbove 80% = A*Above 70% = A Above 60% = BAbove 50% = CAbove 40% = Dx100Ones I got right divided by the total marks

Pick any product that you would use every day. Choose something quite simple Draw a diagram which shows its entire life:

Where does it come from?, How is it made?, What is it used for?, How is it disposed of?

LO: To be able to complete an LCALife Cycle Assessment

LCA-Lifecycle Assessment A life cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is the evaluation of environmental impacts of a given product or service (e.g how much energy a TV takes to be made, used and disposed of)

LCA can help us produce more sustainable productsSony DVD player made of biodegradeable vegetable plastic

A polymer that kills bacteria has been invented. Towels can now last 3x as long

Natural or synthetic?

A group of environmental activists has decided to order a batch of T-shirts.

Your task is to find which fabric has the smaller ecological impact.

PolyesterorCotton??????

Fibre production (per kg product)Polyester fibre/fabricCotton fibre/fabricEnergy 97.4 MJ59.8 MJHydrocarbon feedstock 1.53 kgFertilizers457 gPesticides16 gWater17.2 litres22 200 litresCO2 to air2.3 kg3.0 kgSO2 to air0.2 g4.0 gFabric weaving (per kg fabric)Polyester fibre/fabric*Cotton fibre/fabricEnergy33.3 MJ39.5 MJWater1291 litres3900 litresCO2 to air1.5 kg2.3 kgSO2 to air1.3 g2.3 gPerformance during usePolyester fibre/fabric*Cotton fibre/fabricWeight105 g/m2155 g/m2Shrinkage from 100 washes3.6%6.7%Loss of strength (100 washes)8.4%17.0%Energy per wash3.4 MJ3.4 MJWater per wash49 litres49 litresEnergy per tumble dryCannot be tumble dried.12.6 MJDisposal (per kg fabric)Polyester fibre/fabricCotton fibre/fabricEnergy from incineration32.5 MJ7.3 MJLandfill biodegradableNoYesGreenhouse gases from landfill (CO2 and methane)5.5 m3

Could we do it? Should we do it?

Make food from waste plastic.Use polymers to make an artificial heart.Ban products made from leather or animal skin where you can use polymers instead.Make it the law that local councils make sure that everyone increases how much they recycle from just over 10% to over 50%.Create and grow genetically modified crops as our only source of chemicals instead of crude oil.Make manufacturers responsible for making sure that goods such as motor vehicles are fully recycled at the end of their life.Manufacture a type of cheap plastic that is completely biodegradable (rots) for bags and bin liners.

Review of PolymersWhich is the odd one out and why?Add side branchesAdd a plasticizerMake short chainsAdd cross links

Review posterMake a poster which covers

The words used to describe the properties of materialsWhat a polymer isSome natural polymers and synthetic polymersWhat a hydrocarbon isHow you can make polymers stronger and softerWhat is sustainabilityWhat is LCA

TEST is on Monday set 2 Wednesday set 1

My TargetsCopy these five questions in your book

My science target grade is ..

I am currently working at a grade ..

My test grades have been

My CW grade was

Three things I need to do to get to my target are???

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Documents

C2 Properties of materials LO To know how to describe materials and to introduce polymers