c11book

8/8/2019 c11book

1/35

8/8/2019 c11book

2/35

Living with Computers

How has societybenefited fromcomputers? One-third of the United

States economicgrowth has beenattributed to digitaltechnologies

Improved decision

making Students have more

tools

Homes have manymore conveniences

p.11.2

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

3/35


Computers in schools

Classrooms Labs

Computer-based training (CBT)

Use computers and

completing exerciseswith instructional

software

Also called computer-

aided instruction (CAI)

p.11.6 Fig. 11-8

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

4/35


What is Web-based training (WBT)? A type ofCBT

that uses

Internet

technology Typically

consists of

self-directed,

self-paced

instruction ona topic

p.11.6 Fig. 11-9

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

5/35

8/8/2019 c11book

6/35


What is distance learning (DL)? The delivery of

education at onelocation while thelearning takes place at

other locations More than 70 percent

of colleges anduniversities offer someform of distance

learning Used by corporations

also

p.11. 8

Next

Click to

view video

Enables students to

attend class from

anywhere in the world

and at times that fit their

schedules

8/8/2019 c11book

7/35


What are effects of the digital divide? 20 largest cities in the US get 86% of Internet

delivery

p.11.10 Fig. 11-13

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

8/35


What programs are designed to help bridgethe digital divide?

p.11.10

Next

Teach America! program

Provides online computer

training to 75,000 teachers

Launched by Gateway

PowerUpA nationwide industry

partnership

Goal is to place technology

in schools and community

centers

Anytime Anywhere Learning

program

Provides teachers and students

with notebook computers

equipped with the Microsoft

Office suite and the capability to

access the Internet

Launched by Microsoft and

Toshiba

8/8/2019 c11book

9/35


How can computers help those withdisabilities?

Blind people canhave Web pages

read out loud Web pages can

display captions forthe deaf

Can control thecomputer with eyemovements andbrain waves

p.11.10

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

10/35


p.11.19 Fig. 11-25

Next

How are computersused in health care?

Nearly every aspect of themedical field uses computers

maintain records

monitor patients vital signs

assist in research anddiagnosis

file insurance claims

conduct medical tests

communicate with patients

surgically implantcomputerized devices

computer-controlled devicesassist in operations

8/8/2019 c11book

11/35


Telemedicine Affords health-care professionals and consumers

access to medical care through computers with

videoconferencing capabilities

Computer Aided Surgery Involves using computer simulations to assist in

learning surgical techniques

p.11.19 Fig. 11-26

Next

Click to view Web Link

then click Telemedicine

8/8/2019 c11book

12/35


What are Web bar codes? Another recent development that link printed media

to the Web

Media display these bar codes throughout the

printed pages Using a handheld scanner connected to your

computer, you scan the bar code to display a related

Web page on the computer screen

p.11. 24

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

13/35


What is a global positioning system (GPS)?

An onboardnavigation

facility

Receiver reportsyour cars

location viasatellites

p.11.24 Fig. 11-33

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

14/35

Make

reservations

Track stolen

vehicle

Honk horn


p.11. 24

Next

Provide

directions

Automatically call

for help in

emergency

Provide

emergency

services when a

button is pressed

Dispatch roadside

assistance

Unlock door

What are features of GPS?

Perform remote

diagnostics if warning

light on dashboard

appears

8/8/2019 c11book

15/35


Telecommuting Employees work away from a company's standard

workplace

More than 20 million workers telecommute today

Advantages

Higher job satisfaction rates

More productive workers

Reduction in employer overhead

Healthy for the environment

8/8/2019 c11book

16/35

Emerging Technologies

What is virtual reality (VR)? The use of computers to simulate a real or imagined

environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D)

space

You can explore andmanipulate images

interactively

Used for games,

training, engineering,

e-commerce, science,and medicine

8/8/2019 c11book

17/35


What is artificial intelligence? The application of

human intelligence to

computers

Can sense youractions and, based on

logical assumptions

and prior experience,

take the appropriate

action to complete atask

p.11. 28

Next

smart software

Software with built-in

intelligence

8/8/2019 c11book

18/35


What is an intelligent agent? Any software

program that

independently

asks questions,

pays attention to

work patterns,

and carries out

tasks on behalf

of a user

p.11.29 Fig. 11-39

Next


then click Intelligent Agents

Intelligentagent offers a

suggestion

8/8/2019 c11book

19/35


What is a robot? A computer-

controlled

device that

can move and

react to

feedback from

the outside

world

p.11.30 Fig. 11-40

Next


then click Robotics

8/8/2019 c11book

20/35

Green computingErgonomics and

workplace design

AHealthy Work

Environment

What are areas of concern for a healthywork environment?

p.11.30

Next

Computer

addiction

Long time computer use can lead to health

complications

Job-related injuries

and illnesses

8/8/2019 c11book

21/35

Tendonitis

Inflammation of a tendon due to

some repeated motion or stress

on that tendon

AHealthy Work

Environment

What is a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)? An injury or

disorder of themuscles, nerves,tendons, ligaments,

and joints Also called

repetitive stressinjury (RSI)

Account for one-third of all job-

related injuries andillnesses

Long-termcomputer work canlead to tendonitisand carpal tunnelsyndrome

p.11. 30

Next

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Inflammation of the nerve that

connects your forearm to the

palm of your wrist

8/8/2019 c11book

22/35

AHealthy Work

EnvironmentW

hat precautions can reduce the chance ofdeveloping tendonitis or carpal tunnel syndrome?

Take frequent

breaks during the

computer session

Use a wrist rest

Exercise your hands

and arms

Minimize the

number of times you

switch between themouse and the

keyboard

p.11.31 Fig. 11-41

Next

Hand Exercises

8/8/2019 c11book

23/35

8/8/2019 c11book

24/35

1. Viewing distance: 18

to 28 inches

1

2. Viewing angle: 20 to

center of screen

2

3. Arms: elbows at 90

and arms and hands

parallel to floor

3

4. Keyboard height: 23 to 28

inches depending on

height of user

4

5. Adjustable

backrest

5

6. Adjustable seat

6

7. Adjustable height chair

with 5 legs for stability7

8. Feet flat on floor

8

AHealthy Work

Environment

What is ergonomics? An applied science

devoted to incorporate

comfort, efficiency, and

safety into the designof items in the

workplace

p.11. 32 Fig. 11-43

Next

Click to

view video

Click toview Web Link

then clickErgonomics

8/8/2019 c11book

25/35

AHealthy Work

EnvironmentW

hat are some equipment features that addressergonomic issues?

p.11. 32

Next

Keyboards

Built-in wrist rests

Ergonomic design

specifically to prevent RSI

Monitors

Tilt-and-swivel base

Controls to adjust the

brightness, contrast,

positioning, height, and

width of images

8/8/2019 c11book

26/35

AHealthy Work

Environment

What is computer addiction? Occurs when the

computer consumessomeones entire

social life Internet addiction

disorder (IAD) is anaddiction to theInternet

Treatable throughtherapy and supportgroups

p.11. 32

Next

Symptoms

Craves computer time

Overjoyed when at thecomputer

Unable to stop

computer activity

Irritable when not at

the computer

Neglects family and

friends

Problems at work or

school

8/8/2019 c11book

27/35

ENERGY STAR program

Developed by the United States

Department ofEnergy (DOE) and

the United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA)

Encourages manufacturers to

create energyefficient devices

that require little power when

they are not in use

AHealthy Work

Environment

What is green computing? Involves reducing the

electricity and

environmental wastes

while using a

computer

Computers use and

often waste,

resources such as

electricity andpaper

p.11. 33

Next


then click Green Computing

8/8/2019 c11book

28/35

Ethics and Society

What are computer ethics?

p.11.34

Next

Software

theft (piracy)Information

accuracy

Codes of

conduct

Unauthorized use

of computer

systems

Information

privacy

Intellectual

property

rights

The moral guidelines that govern the use of computers

and information systems

Six areas of concern

8/8/2019 c11book

29/35

Ethics and Society

What do you think about ethical issues?

p.11.34 Fig. 11-45

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

30/35

Ethics and Society

Why is information accuracy important?

Inaccurate input can result in erroneous information and

incorrect decisions based on that information

You should

evaluate thevalue of a

Web page

before

relying on

its content

p.11.34 Fig. 11-46

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

31/35

Ethics and Society

What are the ethics of using computers toalter output?

Using graphics equipment and software, you can alter

images

Alteration could lead to deliberately misleadingphotographs

p.11.36 Fig. 11-47

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

32/35

Ethics and Society

What are intellectual property rights? Intellectual

property (IP) refersto work created by

inventors, authors,and artists

Intellectualproperty rights arethe rights to which

creators areentitled for theirinventions,writings, andworks of art

p.11.36

Next

copyright

TMtrademark

8/8/2019 c11book

33/35

Ethics and Society

What is a copyright? Gives authors and

artists exclusiverights to duplicate,publish, and sell their

material Protects any tangible

form of expression

Gives the public fairuse to copyrighted

material Phrase, fair use, is

subject towidespreadinterpretationp.11.36

Next

Software piracy

The unauthorized and

illegal duplication of

copyrighted software

8/8/2019 c11book

34/35

Ethics and Society

What is an IT code ofconduct?

Written guidelines regarding

computer ethics

p.11.37 Fig. 11-48

Next

8/8/2019 c11book

35/35

Quote

You can spend your life any way you want

to, but you can only spend it once.

- Dwight Thompson

Documents

c11book