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1
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11
)
o):
o
n
n
phân li hoàn toàn thành ion.
= 1.
VD1: HCl H+ + Cl–
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH–
NaCl Na+ + Cl–
< 1.
VD2: CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+
Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH–
CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO42–
12
li ra H+.
VD3: HCl, H2SO4, ...
li ra OH–.
VD4: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, ...
li ra H+ và OH–.
VD5: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, ...
TOPPER. Chú ý
".
".
2
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proton (H+).
+ Các axit theo quan
2+, Al3+,
Zn2+, NH4+…
(H+).
2–, CO32–,
PO43–, CH3COO–…
+).
tính: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2…
3–,
HSO3–, HS–, HPO4
2–…
4)2CO3…
–
4+
–
VD6: NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3…
2HPO3, NaH2PO2 là cácion H+.
VD7: NaHCO3, K2HPO4, KHSO4…
CaOCl2…
A + H2O B + H3O+
– Ka
a
– Ka
a
[B].[H ]K
[A]
n
– Kb
b
– Kb
b
[A].[OH ]K
[B]
B + H2O A + OH–
3
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1 (A
(B
(C
(D
2 (A) CH4. (B) C2H5OH. (C) HCl. (D) C6H6.
3 không
(A) H2SO4. (B) KOH. (C) C2H5OH. (D) AgNO3.
4 KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH,
C12H22O11 3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4
A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 2.
5 (A) NaCl, AgCl, KOH. (B) H2SO3, NaOH, BaCl2.
(C) KNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl. (D) H2SO4, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3.
6 3, AgBr, BaSO3, CuSO4, HNO3.
(A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6.
7
(A) H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4, NH3.
(B) CH3COOH, NaNO3, NH3.
(C) H2O, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, CuSO4.
(D) H2O, CH3COOH, NH3.
8 (A) KNO3, PbCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2S, NH4Cl.
(B) KNO3, HClO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Na2CO3, CuSO4.
(C) KHSO4, HClO4, Na2S, CH3COONa, NH4Cl.
(D) KOH, HClO4, NaHSO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NH3.
TOPPER. Chú ý– CH3COONH4
– KAl(SO4)2.12H2
4
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9
(A) H2SO4 H+ + SO42–. (B) H2SO4 2H+ + HSO4
–.
(C) H2SO4 H+ + 2SO42–. (D) H2SO4 2H+ + SO4
2–.
A
(A) NaOH Na+ + O2–. (B) KOH Na+ + OH–.
(C) Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + OH–. (D) Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH–.
B không
(A) NaCl Na+ + Cl–. (B) CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO42–.
(C) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–. (D) CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl–.
C
(A) NaOH Na+ + Cl–. (B) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–.
(C) BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42–. (D) NaCl Na+ + Cl–.
D là
(A
(B
(C
(D
E là
(A) 0 < < 1. (B) 0 1.
(C) 0 < < 100. (D) 0 100.
F 3
CH3
(A (B
(C (D
G không
axit?
(A) HCl. (B) HNO3. (C) CH4. (D) H2SO4.
H
(A) NaOH. (B) Ca(OH)2.
(C) C6H5OH. (D) KOH.
5
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I (A) NaOH. (B) Mg(OH)2.
(C) Al(OH)3. (D) Cu(OH)2.
J không
(A) Al(OH)3. (B) Zn(OH)2.
(C) Pb(OH)2. (D) Cu(OH)2.
K (A (B
(C (D
L (A (B
(C (D
M 2SO3 là
(A) S. (B) SO2. (C) SO32–. (D) SO3.
N 2 là
(A) Zn. (B) ZnO. (C) Zn2+. (D) ZnCl2.
O
(A) Cl–. (B) S2–. (C) Cu2+. (D) Al3+.
P
(A) CO32–. (B) S2–. (C) Al3+. (D) SO3
2–.
Q
(A) HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, CO32–.
(B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Mg2+.
(C) HNO3, HCOOH, Mg2+.
(D) Al3+, Zn2+, CO32–.
R
(A) Fe2+. (B) Fe3+. (C) HS–. (D) Cl–.
S 3–, H2PO4
–, PO43–, NH3, S2–, HPO4
2–.
(A) 2. (B) 1. (C) 5. (D) 3.
TOPPER. Chú ý+
CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+
CH3
3COO–.
CH3COO–
axit CH3COOH.
6
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T a
HNO2, HCOOH.
U b 2–,
CH3COO–, HCOO–.
V (A a
(B a
(C a
(D a
W b [NH3]> Kb [Mg(OH)2
(A 3 2.
(B 3 2.
(C 2 3.
(D 3 2.
7
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)
o):
hay
< 1.
o
n
n0
C
C
VD8: 3 3COOH
3COOH
3COOH là
– Vì 0 < < 1 nên CH3
VD9: 3+
li
PT phân li: CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+
3COOH]phân li = [H+] = 0,004 M.
3COOH 1 M là
VD10:a. HCl 0,5 M.
b. Ba(NO3)2 1 M.
Vì HCl, Ba(NO3)2 và Al2(SO4)3 = 1.
HCl 0,5 M.
PT phân li: HCl H+ + Cl– (1)
+] = [Cl–] = [HCl] = 0,5 M.
Ba(NO3)2 1 M.
PT phân li: Ba(NO3)2 Ba2+ + 2NO3– (2)
2+] = [Ba(NO3)2] = 1 M.
[NO3–] = 2 [Ba(NO3)2] = 2 M.
20,02.
100
���⇀↽���
0,0040,004
1
– C0
8
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VD11: 3COOH, CH3COO– và H+ trong dung
3 = 0,02.
C = .C0
3
PT phân li. CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+
Phân li: 0,001 0,001 0,001
3COOH 0,05 M là
[CH3COOH] = 0,049 M
[CH3COO–] = 0,001 M.
[H+] = 0,001 M.
0
C
C
���⇀↽���
Xa. NaCl 0,4 M. b. CaCl2 0,5 M.
c. FeSO4 1,2 M. d. H2SO4 0,15 M.
e. Ba(OH)2 0,25 M. f. Na3PO4 0,03 M.
Y = 0,05.
b. CH3 = 0,01.
= 0,04.
Z 3+ là 0,004 M. Khi pha
H+ là 4,08.10–4
(A = 0,0108. (B = 0,0408.
(C = 0,0408. (D = 0,0108.
9
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Câu1 C2 C3 C4 B5 C6 C7 D8 C9 DA DB BC C
CâuD BE BF AG CH CI CJ DK BL AM CN CO B
CâuP CQ CR CS DT
U
V BW AX
Y
Z C
T Ka (HClO) = Ka (HNO2) =
Ka (HCOOH) =
U Kb (NO2-) = Kb (HCOO-) =
Kb (CH3COO-) =
X a. [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0,4 M.
b. [Ca2+] = 0,5 M; [Cl-] = 1 M.
c. [Fe2+] = 1,2 M; [SO42-] = 1,2 M.
d. [H+] = 0,3 M; [SO42-] = 0,15 M.
e. [Ba2+] = 0,25 M; [OH-] = 0,5 M.
f. [Na+] = 0,09 M; [PO43-] = 0,03 M.
Y a. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 0,02 M.
b. [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 2,5.10-3 M.
c. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 4.10-3 M.
[ClO ].[H ]
[HClO]
2
2
[NO ].[H ]
[HNO ]
[HCOO ].[H ]
[HCOOH]
2
2
[HNO ].[OH ]
[NO ]
[HCOOH].[OH ]
[HCOO ]
3
3
[CH COOH].[OH ]
[CH COO ]