C. Vanuatu - JICA報告書PDF版(JICA Report PDF) · 12 2014/6/25 Trip from Port Vila to Luganville ... E) 3 No. Date Activity Meeting with school teachers for launching of aluminum

C. Vanuatu

The Japanese Technical Cooperation Project for Promotion of Regional Initiative on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries (J-PRISM) (Solid Waste Management A, E)

C Vanuatu

Attachment C-1 Daily Activity Record (Vanuatu)

Attachment C-2 4th JCC Meeting Minutes


Attachment C-4 Newspaper Articles

Attachment C-5 Newsletter

Attachment C-6 Proposed Provisions to National Waste Management Plan

Attachment C-7 Waste Characterization Study Report

Attachment C-8 Solid Waste Collection and Transport Existing Conditions Review

Attachment C-9 Can Separation Pilot Project Report

Attachment C-10 Memorandum of Understanding for Can Separation System

Attachment C-11 Memorandum of Understanding for Market Composting System

Attachment C-12 Review of Progress of Bouffa Sanitary Landfill Development and

Operations Plan 2015

Attachment C-13 Report of Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan Workshop

Attachment C-14 Post-disaster Waste Management Project Report

Attachment C-15 Capacity Assessment Results


Attachment C-1 Daily Activity Record (Vanuatu)


1

No. Date Activity 1st Assignment in Vanuatu (Riad; SWM Expert E1, Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2)

1 2014/6/14 Arrival at Vanuatu (SWM Expert E1, SWM Expert A1/E2) 2 2014/6/15 Internal meeting, Site visit at the central market in Port Vila

Documents and data review 3 2014/6/16 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu office

Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment and Pollution Control

4 2014/6/17 Site visit at Bouffa landfill Site visit at the central market

5 2014/6/18 Counterpart team meeting 6 2014/6/19 Advisory meeting (television conference system) 7 2014/6/20 Site visit and the selection of pilot project areas 8 2014/6/21 Documents and data review 9 2014/6/22 Documents and data review

10 2014/6/23 Site visit and the selection of pilot project areas Commencement of incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill

11 2014/6/24 Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert E1) Support on incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill

12 2014/6/25 Trip from Port Vila to Luganville Counterpart team meeting Site visit at can collection cages, the market and composting station

13 2014/6/26 Site visit at Luganville landfill Trip from Luganville to Port Vila

14 2014/6/27 Support on incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill Meeting with Wan Smol Bag for awareness raising program

15 2014/6/28 Support on incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill 16 2014/6/29 Documents and data review 17 2014/6/30 Support on incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill 18 2014/7/1 Collection vehicles survey at Freshwota ward 19 2014/7/2 Counterpart team meeting

Collection vehicles survey at Freshwota ward 20 2014/7/3 Support on incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill 21 2014/7/4 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu office

Support on incoming vehicle survey at Bouffa landfill 22 2014/7/5 Documents and data review 23 2014/7/6 Departure from Vanuatu

2nd Assignment in Vanuatu (Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2) 1 2014/8/16 Departure from Japan 2 2014/8/17 Arrival at Vanuatu 3 2014/8/18 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu office


4 2014/8/19 Counterpart team meeting Visit at Vanuatu Direct, composting organic farm Finalization of baseline survey sheet

5 2014/8/20 Visit at Bouffa landfill 6 2014/8/21 Trip from Port Vila to Luganville

Counterpart team meeting Support on waste characterization survey

7 2014/8/22 Support on waste characterization survey 8 2014/8/23 Trip from Luganville to Port Vila 9 2014/8/24 Trip from Port Vila to Lenakel

Meeting with VSA 10 2014/8/25 Counterpart team meeting

Support on waste characterization survey


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No. Date Activity Trip from Lenakel to Port Vila

11 2014/8/26 Counterpart team meeting Capacity assessment

12 2014/8/27 Preparation of awareness materials 13 2014/8/28 Preparation for the baseline survey

Sit visit at Bouffa landfilll 14 2014/8/29 Briefing of baseline survey for the youths 15 2014/8/30 Documents and data review 16 2014/8/31 Documents and data review 17 2014/9/1 Implementation of baseline survey at Freshwota ward 18 2014/9/2 Implementation of baseline survey at Freshwota ward 19 2014/9/3 Counterpart team meeting

Data analysis of baseline survey 20 2014/9/4 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu office

Community leaders meeting 21 2014/9/5 Departure from Vanuatu 22 2014/9/6 Arrival at Japan

3rd Assignment in Vanuatu (Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2) 1 2014/10/18 Departure from Japan 2 2014/10/19 Arrival at Vanuatu 3 2014/10/20 Meeting with Port Vila Municipality

Briefing of waste characterization survey for the youths 4 2014/10/21 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu office

Workshop of waste characterization survey for the youths 5 2014/10/22 Implementation of questionnaire survey (waste characterization survey)

Site visit at Bouffa landfill 6 2014/10/23 Implementation of questionnaire survey (waste characterization survey) 7 2014/10/24 Implementation of questionnaire survey (waste characterization survey)

Meeting with Wilco, hardware company 8 2014/10/25 Documents and data review 9 2014/10/26 Documents and data review

10 2014/10/27 Implementation of waste characterization survey Preparation of cage sign design

11 2014/10/28 Implementation of waste characterization survey 12 2014/10/29 Implementation of waste characterization survey

Meeting with youths at Freshwota ward 13 2014/10/30 Implementation of waste characterization survey 14 2014/10/31 Implementation of waste characterization survey 15 2014/11/1 Documents and data review 16 2014/11/2 Implementation of waste characterization survey 17 2014/11/3 Implementation of waste characterization survey

Counterpart team meeting 18 2014/11/4 Implementation of waste characterization survey

Closing ceremony of waste characterization survey Meeting with Wan Smol Bag

19 2014/11/5 Data input of waste characterization survey Meeting with Wilco, hardware company Meeting with committee members of aluminum and steel can separation pilot

project 20 2014/11/6 Data input of waste characterization survey

Preparation of cage signs Site visit at Bouffa landfill

21 2014/11/7 Data input of waste characterization survey Meeting with committee members of aluminum and steel can separation pilot

project


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No. Date Activity Meeting with school teachers for launching of aluminum and steel can

separation pilot project 22 2014/11/8 Documents and data review 23 2014/11/9 Documents and data review 24 2014/11/10 Launching of aluminum and steel can separation pilot project 25 2014/11/11 Site visit at the central market

Meeting with a market manager, Port Vila Municipality 26 2014/11/12 Preparation of waste characterization survey report 27 2014/11/13 Counterpart team meeting 28 2014/11/14 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu office 29 2014/11/15 Documents and data review 30 2014/11/16 Departure from Vanuatu

4th Assignment in Vanuatu (Riad; SWM Expert E1) 1 2014/11/15 Departure Narita 2 2014/11/16-1

7 Transit at Port Moresby and Nadi

3 2014/11/18 Arrival Port Vila 4 2014/11/19 Meeting with Asano san, JICA Vanuatu Office

FW1 Community Meeting 5 2014/11/20 DEPC visit and brief meeting with Director Albert

FW1 Committee meeting 6 2014/11/21 Site visits to Central Market, Vanuatu Direct and WSB

Monitor cage at FW4 7 2014/11/22 Data analysis, Documents review 8 2014/11/23 (Holiday) 9 2014/11/24 NWMS Revision work

10 2014/11/25 Bouffa landfill visit with C/Ps Roger and Amos C/P team meeting

11 2014/11/26 NWMS Revision work 12 2014/11/27 Meeting with C/P Trinison on the NWMS revision

Bouffa visit to discuss development concept with C/P Amos 13 2014/11/28 At Central Market to monitor green waste segregation and transport

Handing over of cage at FW1 14 2014/11/29 Attended Port Vila Day at the Seafront 15 2014/11/30 Community meeting at Namba 3 area 16 2014/12/1 JICA Vanuatu Office meeting 17 2014/12/2 C/P Team Meeting

Departure Port Vila to Nadi 5th Assignment in Vanuatu (Riad; SWM Expert E1, Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2)

1 2015/2/24 Arrival at Vanuatu (SWM Expert A1/E2) 2 2015/2/25 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office 3 2015/2/26 C/P meeting


4 2015/2/27 Monitoring and meeting with Market Manager, Port Vila Municipality 5 2015/2/28 Documents and data review 6 2015/3/1 Documents and data review 7 2015/3/1 Monitoring of cages and meeting with Freshwota Ward 8 2015/3/2 Preparation of 4th Joint Coordination Committee

Arrival at Vanuatu (SWM Expert E1) 9 2015/3/3 Meeting with Town Clerk, Port Vila Municipality

10 2015/3/4 Meeting with DSSPAC Director 11 2015/3/5 Training of Time & Motion Study


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No. Date Activity 12 2015/3/6 4th Joint Coordination Committee 13 2015/3/7 Documents and data review 14 2015/3/8 Documents and data review 15 2015/3/9 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control Meeting with Market Manager

16 2015/3/10 Time & Motion Study 17 2015/3/11 Data analysis of Time & Motion Study

Meeting with Freshwota Ward 18 2015/3/12 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality

Meeting with Freshwota Ward 19 2015/3/13 Data analysis of Time & Motion Study 20 2015/3/14 Documents and data review 21 2015/3/15 Documents and data review 22 2015/3/16 Assessment of disaster waste from Cyclone PAM

Meeting with related stakeholders 23 2015/3/17 Assessment of disaster waste from Cyclone PAM

Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert E1) 24 2015/3/18 Post-disaster waste management project 25 2015/3/19 Post-disaster waste management project

Meeting with Rainbow Garden 26 2015/3/20 Post-disaster waste management project 27 2015/3/21 Post-disaster waste management project 28 2015/3/22 Post-disaster waste management project 29 2015/3/23 Post-disaster waste management project 30 2015/3/24 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office

Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert A1/E2) 6th Assignment in Vanuatu (Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2)

1 2015/6/16 Arrival at Vanuatu 2 2015/6/17 Meeting JICA Vanuatu Office 3 2015/6/18 Questionnaire survey for the evaluation of cans separation pilot project at

Freshwota Follow up of the procurement documents (compactor parts etc.)

4 2015/6/19 Analysis of questionnaire survey Meeting with Local Authority Association of Vanuatu

5 2015/6/20 Documents and data review 6 2015/6/21 Documents and data review 7 2015/6/22 Site visit at Bouffa landfill

Meeting with Landfill Supervisor 8 2015/6/23 Meeting with UNDP

Meeting with Market Manager, Port Vila Municipality 9 2015/6/24 C/P meeting

Meeting with Ministry of Finance 10 2015/6/25 Meeting with Etas Committee

Site visit at Bouffa Landfill 11 2015/6/26 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office 12 2015/6/27 Documents and data review 13 2015/6/28 Documents and data review 14 2015/6/29 Meeting with Port Vila Municipality 15 2015/6/30 TV meeting with JICA headquarter and the final evaluation mission team

First Assignment in Vanuatu (Riad; SWM Expert E1, Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2) 1 2015/7/1 Arrival at Vanuatu (SWM Expert E1)

Preparation of the Workshop for Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan 2 2015/7/2 Site visit at Luganville with Port Vila Municipality C/P

Meeting with Luganville C/Ps


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No. Date Activity 3 2015/7/3 Preparation of the Workshop for Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan 4 2015/7/4 Documents and data review 5 2015/7/5 Documents and data review 6 2015/7/6 Workshop for Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan 7 2015/7/7 Workshop for Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan 8 2015/7/8 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control 9 2015/7/9 Site visit at Bouffa landfill/ Supervision of expansion of Bouffa landfill

Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert E1) 10 2015/7/10 Site visit at Bouffa landfill/ Supervision of expansion of Bouffa landfill

Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office 11 2015/7/11 Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert A1/E2) 12 2015/7/12 Arrival at Japan (SWM Expert A1/E2)

7th Assignment in Vanuatu (Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2) 1 2015/8/29 Arrival at Vanuatu (SWM Expert A1/E2) 2 2015/8/30 Meeting with Terminal Evaluation Mission 3 2015/8/31 Kick-off meeting for Terminal Evaluation Mission (2015/08/31-2015/9/4)

C/P meeting 4 2015/9/1 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office 5 2015/9/2 Monitoring of cages and meeting with Freshwota Ward 6 2015/9/3 C/P meeting

Monitoring of cages and meeting with Freshwota Ward 7 2015/9/4 Wrap-up meeting for Terminal Evaluation Mission 8 2015/9/5 Documents and data review 9 2015/9/6 Documents and data review

10 2015/9/7 Meeting with Town Clerk, Port Vila Municipality 11 2015/9/8 Site visit at Bouffa landfill 12 2015/9/9 Meeting with Department of Environment and Pollution Control 13 2015/9/10 Meeting with Mr. Amos to support the landfill in Solomon Islands 14 2015/9/11 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office 15 2015/9/12 Documents and data review 16 2015/9/13 Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert A1/E2) 17 2015/9/14 Arrival at Japan (SWM Expert A1/E2)

8th Assignment in Vanuatu (Osada; SWM Expert A1/E2) 1 2015/11/24 Arrival at Vanuatu 2 2015/11/25 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office


3 2015/11/26 Site visit at Bouffa landfill Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control 4 2015/11/27 C/P meeting 5 2015/11/28 Documents and data review 6 2015/11/29 Documents and data review 7 2015/11/30 Preparation of 5th JCC meeting 8 2015/12/1 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control 9 2015/12/2 Meeting with Town Clerk, Port Vila Municipality

Meeting with Deputy Mayor and Councilor, Port Vila Municipality 10 2015/12/3 Site visit and discussion with Vanuatu Direct

Meeting with Lenakel C/Ps 11 2015/12/4 C/P meeting

Discussion with Recycle Corp 12 2015/12/5 Documents and data review 13 2015/12/6 Documents and data review


6

No. Date Activity 14 2015/12/7 Community committee meeting with Freshwota 4 15 2015/12/8 Consultation with Vanuatu Direct

Arrival at Vanuatu (Mr. Amano) 16 2015/12/9 5th JCC meeting

Departure from Vanuatu (Mr. Amano) 17 2015/12/10 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control 18 2015/12/11 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control Discussion with Recycle Corp

19 2015/12/12 Documents and data review 20 2015/12/13 Community committee meeting with Freshwota 1 21 2015/12/14 Meeting for signing MoU for can collection system 22 2015/12/15 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality

Site visit at Bouffa landfill with C/Ps 23 2015/12/16 Meeting with JICA Vanuatu Office 24 2015/12/17 Individual meeting with Port Vila Municipality/ Department of Environment

and Pollution Control 25 2015/12/18 Departure from Vanuatu (SWM Expert A1/E2) 26 2015/12/19 Arrival at Japan (SWM Expert A1/E2)





1

MINUTES OF MEETING

5th JOINT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (JCC) MEETING

on

JAPANESE TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT FOR

PROMOTION OF REGIONAL INITIATIVE ON

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES (J-PRISM)

Vanuatu

___________________________

Mr. Trinison Tarivonda

Acting Director

Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation.

Vanuatu

___________________________

Mr. Shiro Amano

Chief Advisor

J-PRISM Project

____________________________

Mr. Toyoaki Itsubo

Resident Representative

JICA Vanuatu OFFICE

Vanuatu

____________________________

Mr. Ronald Sandy

Town Clerk

PVMC, Vanuatu

__________________________

Mr. Peter Satika

Town Clerk

LMC, Vanuatu

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Venue: VNPF Conference Room, Port Vila, Vanuatu

Date: Wednesday 9 December 2015

Time: 8am-1:30pm

Chairperson: Mr. Trinison Tari (DEPC) and Jerry Sampson (PVMC)

Attachments:

A. JCC meeting program B. List of Participants to the 5th JCC meeting C. J-PRISM PDM & PO D. J-PRISM counterpart list E. Activity progress on recommendations of Terminal Evaluation Mission F. Signed MOU between PVMC, Central Market and Vanuatu Direct Company

The 5th JCC meeting was carried out following the schedule prepared by the J-PRISM counterpart team in Port Vila (see attached schedule). The participants of the JCC meeting (See attached list) were able to present and also participate in the discussions on the challenges, lessons learnt and the way forwards for J-PRISM phase 1. Project counterparts from Port Vila Municipality, Luganville Municipality and Lenakel Municipality presented their progress of activities done during the whole five years of implementation. Two other presentations were done by two private companies operating in Port Vila.

1. Update J-PRISM activities and terminal evaluation results

Project Director for J-PRISM in Vanuatu presented the project terminal evaluation results to the participants. Results of outputs 1 and 2 were partly achieved. Output 3 was fully achieved. The overall project output was partly achieved. This means Vanuatu will have to put in more effort to improve in phase II once it comes into force in 2016. A number of reasons for the overall output results was due to limited human resource capacity, financial and institutional support to implement activities. After the downsizing of staffs at the PVMC and the cyclone Pam disaster, most of the activities were slow or not implemented at all by the counterparts. Recommendations from the terminal evaluation results were also considered, and some of the recommendation such as the Bouffa cell C construction will be completed by March 2016. Tom Nalau from Lenakel Municipality and Andrew Ala from Luganville Municipality will be retiring soon and the counterpart list will need to be updated again.

The new counterpart list and modification of the PDM and PO were endorsed during the JCC meeting. (See attached counterpart list and the revised PDM and PO).

2. Counterpart Presentations

Port Vila, Luganville and Lenakel counterparts implemented their activities fully and also shared their success stories and the continuous progress of their activities. Luganville counterparts present on the collection system and the use of the Red Bag as a means of awareness to encourage waste minimization and composting. Lenakel although a young growing town, but has the awareness initiative of encouraging its community participation to implement waste separation at source as a priority before final disposal. A storage area was installed for recyclable wastes such as aluminum cans and awaiting proper arrangements

3

for shipment to Recycle Corp in Vila. Port Vila Municipality presented on the urgency for the government and designated waste management operators under the Act such as the provinces and the municipal councils to work in enforcing the Waste Management Act from 2016. PVMC have conducted two separate pilot scale projects in 2013 on market organic waste composting with Vanuatu Direct Company, and in 2014 on the collection of aluminum cans with Recycle Corp Vanuatu. A MOU was formally signed between PVMC, Central Market and Vanuatu Direct Company for full scale composting of market wastes. Another MOU will be sign on Monday 14th of December between PVMC, Recycle Corp Vanuatu and Fresh Water 1 & 4 communities for full scale collection of aluminum cans.

3. Private Company Presentations

Two private companies were able to present during the JCC meeting. These are Vanuatu Direct Company and Pacific Petroleum Company. Vanuatu Direct emphasized the importance of wastes as a resource through composting of organic materials. Composting benefits gardens and farms and produce quality vegetable products for marketing.

Pacific Petroleum Company on the hand presented on the waste oil collection in Vanuatu. Petroleum Oil is imported from Singapore. Recently, a terminal collection system was formally established by the company whereby arrangements were made with contractors or customers who, imports oil from the company to recollect back their waste oil. The waste oil is filtered on site treated by burning at the COBSL in Santo before exporting to India and Malaysia.

4. Lessons learnt, challenges and issues

The JCC meeting participants noted the importance of more public awareness on source separation and 3Rs as a high priority. Waste management should be introduced in the national curriculum. Community partnerships and private partnerships with the municipalities is also really important, to ensure the activities are implemented effectively and efficiently. All the participants acknowledged JICA for its continuous efforts and assistance in this technical J-PRISM project.

Lack of national government budget for waste management is really a challenge. Waste management is everyone’s business. It is important to include waste management in the national budget so activities in the provinces and municipalities can be implemented effectively. In addition, an important comment was also raised such as to station one technical expert on ground here in Vanuatu from JICA, who can assist municipalities and provinces in phase II.

5. Summary and recommendations for Post J-PRISM activities

Chief Advisor for J-PRISM project stressed that after the cyclone Pam disaster and downsizing of staffs at PVMC, most of the activities were not implemented, as two technical staffs of PVMC were terminated. He emphasizes the importance of counterpart capacity building, to ensure activities are implemented efficiently at schedules. PVMC need to consider the importance of JICA assistance to Vanuatu through technical cooperation. Termination of staffs is a waste of energy and financial cost to the Japanese government.

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6. Closing and site visits

The meeting was officially closed by the Acting Director for DEPC, then lunch was served for everyone. After lunch, some participants were transported to Vanuatu Direct Company in Mele for the site visit. At the site, the owner and her workers explained the importance of composting organic wastes and the products used for growing vegetables for marketing.


Attachment C-4 Newspaper Articles


Figure C-1 Can separation pilot project

(October 17, 2014, Newspaper “Daily Post”)

Figure C-2 Can separation pilot project

(December 13, 2014, Newspaper “Daily Post”)


Figure C-3 Waste characterization study

(November 8, 2014, Newspaper “Daily Post”)

Figure C-4 Disaster waste management after the Cyclone

(March 28, 2015, Newspaper “Daily Post”)


Attachment C-5 Newsletter


Attachment C-6 Proposed Provisions to National Waste Management Plan


1

Main Proposed Revisions to the National Waste Management Strategy

Table C-1 Thematic Areas and Objectives (text in red color highlights added)

THEMATIC AREA OBJECTIVES

Policy & Legislation To support solid waste management activities with practical, effective,

enforceable legislation

Sustainable Financing To make solid waste management systems and programmes financially self-sustaining

Capacity Building To develop skilled and trained people in Vanuatu to effectively manage

solid waste management systems

Integrated Solid

Waste management

To reduce the amount of waste generated and land filled

To dispose of waste that cannot be avoided, reused, recycled or

composted in an environmentally sound manner

To upgrade waste collection systems and waste disposal to be

well-managed, efficient, and self-sustaining

National Coordination To better coordinate national waste management activities and ensure

that the NWMS is implemented, and periodically reviewed and updated

to achieve the stated goal and purpose

Public Awareness To increase public awareness on their SWM responsibilities

To introduce and enhance community participation on SWM


2

Table C-2 List of Recommendations (text in red color highlights added)

1. POLICY AND LEGISLATION

1. Enact the draft laws and regulations. 2. Strengthen capacity for enforcement of waste management laws 3. Develop a policy for medical waste management 4. Develop a policy and procedures for managing disaster waste

2. SUSTAINABLE FINANCING

5. Mainstream waste management and pollution control into the medium term strategic framework MTSF/PAA. UNDP’s Environment Unit is currently undertaking a 5-year (2008-2012) project that will involve mainstreaming environment sustainability by developing national capacities to design and implement environment policies, legislative, and management frameworks.

6. Identify investment opportunities, from bilateral, multi-lateral, international agencies for waste management and pollution control

7. Establish multi-sectoral partnerships (NGOs, local business community) in Vanuatu

3. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, AND CLEAN PRODUCTION

8. Develop institutional capacity for waste management in the lead waste management entities 9. Develop and deliver training of trainers (TOT) program for practitioners

of waste management and pollution control

4. INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

10. Improve the awareness of waste minimization techniques by working together with key stakeholders

11. Implement systems that encourage waste minimization, reuse and recycling of key waste items to reduce the amount of waste going to the landfills and dumpsites

12. Implement incentives and mechanisms to control/regulate importation and production of items which become problematic wastes and ease exportation of recyclable materials

13. Develop appropriate collection services for the provincial centres 14. Develop environmentally sound facilities for disposal of solid waste and medical waste. 15. Develop an environmental monitoring program for closed dumpsites, existing dumpsites and

landfills, and other contaminated sites.

5. NATIONAL COORDINATION

16. Establish a National Waste Management Coordinating Committee to facilitate cooperation among agencies with respect to the management of the different types of wastes

6. PUBLIC AWARENESS

17. Implement a public awareness campaign on SWM targeting all types of waste generators 18. Assign specific SWM activities to the community under the community participatory approach

on SWM


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Table C-3 Status of the Action Plan Actions

Action Status as of 2014 end

1 Enact the draft laws and regulations

a. Review the draft bill and regulations Waste Management Act (WMA) passed by Parliament in April 2014 and gazetted in June 2014

b. Confirm the drafts Completed

c. Lobby for bill to be approved and included in list of bills for next parliament session (e.g. launch workshop for DG, Ministers, etc)

Completed

d. Publish the approved drafts for consultations Completed

e. Write Council of Ministers (COM) paper on draft bill and regulations

Completed

f. Council of Ministers to finally approve the drafts Completed

g. Minister of Environment to sign Regulations (and for the Act, Parliament to enact)

Under processing for WMA. Should be completed by early 2015

h. Gazettal of Regulations Not yet started

2 Strengthen capacity for enforcement of waste management laws

a. Identify enforcement officers from relevant agencies (e.g. Health Dept, Police, etc) and train them on aspects of enforcing the legislation through training workshops. Enforcement should be done after an adequate period of awareness (give people time to adjust)

Not yet started

b. Promote awareness of the legislation after it is enacted through an awareness campaign in collaboration with NGOs and other stakeholders

Not yet started

3 Develop a policy for medical waste

a. Convene a stakeholder meeting to develop the draft policy and national medical waste management strategy

Not yet started

b. Prepare the draft Policy and Strategy and circulate for comments

Not yet started

c. Present draft policy and strategy to Council of Ministers for approval

Not yet started

d. Begin implementation of the strategy Not yet started

4 Develop a policy and procedures for managing disaster waste

a. Convene a stakeholder meeting to develop the draft policy and procedures for managing disaster waste

Not yet started

b. Prepare the draft policy and procedures, taking into account lessons from other islands such as Cook Islands and Samoa and circulate for comments

Not yet started

c. Present draft policy and procedures to Council of Ministers for approval

Not yet started

5 Mainstream waste management and pollution control into the medium term strategic


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Action Status as of 2014 end framework MTSF/PAA

a. Contact project leader for the UNDP project on mainstreaming of environmental sustainability and identify opportunities and mechanisms for mainstreaming of waste management

Not yet started

b. Develop and implement any actions identified from the discussions to support mainstreaming of waste management

Not yet started

6 Identify investment opportunities from bilateral, multi-lateral, and international agencies for waste management and pollution control

a. Use available resources (internet, networks) to identify from donors, partners, technical assistance and cooperation agencies, volunteer organizations, regional institutions, etc. Establish a system for continuous review and update of opportunities

Not yet started

b. Develop concise concept notes (2 pages max) for projects to implement the national waste management strategy and submit these to appropriate donors, partners, etc.

Not yet started

7 Establish multi-sectoral partnerships in Vanuatu (NGOs, local business community)

a. Identify key stakeholders to develop partnerships with DEPC has done that since 2012

b. Invite stakeholders to planning session to discuss relevant sections of the National Waste Management Strategy in detail and identify areas for collaboration and barriers (if any) that should be addressed

c. Develop a plan to address those barriers that can be resolved (and implement the plan)

d. Develop and sign MOUs and agreements based on discussions

8 Develop institutional capacity for waste management at the municipal, provincial, and national levels

a. Develop the terms of reference for a consultancy to assess the institutional capacity of DEPC and Councils for waste management (in particular policy development and planning, funding and resource management, monitoring and assessment, project cycle management)

Not yet started

b. Undertake the consultancy Not yet started

c. Seek funding to implement the recommendations of the assessment

Not yet started

9 Develop and deliver training of trainers (TOT) program on waste management, pollution control, and clean production

a. Convene a meeting with VNTC & VQF to discuss the requirements for developing and delivering a training program for waste management

Not yet started

b. Sign MOU with VNTC/VQF for developing and delivering the course

Not yet started


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c. If needed, seek funding to develop the module and to offer scholarships as an incentive to attracting students for the first year of the module

Not yet started

d. Complete the development of the module content (subject to funding) and develop a timetable for delivering the module

Not yet started

10 Improve awareness of waste minimization techniques by working together with key stakeholders

a. Convene a meeting with key stakeholders to discuss and agree on waste minimization focus (e.g. composting) and to develop a joint work program for awareness raising activities. Mechanisms for reporting on the joint work program must also be discussed and agreed. Schools and churches must be included as key stakeholders especially from rural subsistence communities.

Pilot projects for composting of market wastes, separation of aluminum cans, and others already started at PVMC and LMC

b. Sign MOU with key stakeholders based on discussions

c. Implement the agreed joint work program

11 Implement systems that encourage waste minimization, reuse and recycling of key waste items to reduce the amount of waste going to the landfills and dumpsites

a. Conduct waste characterization study in Provincial Centres to identify the main waste components (Universities and colleges can be approached to undertake this as a student project)

Ongoing in municipalities PV, Luganville and Lenakel

b. Commit to taking the actions necessary to support the implementation of the CDL scheme

Not yet started

c. Develop and implement a plan for storage of recyclable waste at Bouffa Landfill. The plan should identify wastes for which segregation is to be encouraged, storage locations, basic infrastructure (e.g. shed, containers), etc.

Not yet started

d. Promote segregation of yard and kitchen waste at home by promoting and demonstrating composting - link with action 9(a)

Not yet started

12 Implement incentives and mechanisms to control/regulate importation and production of items which become problematic wastes (focus on plastic bags)

a. Conduct local consultations with local business community and other stakeholders to introduce plans and discuss potential barriers that might prevent further action on plastic bags

Not yet started

b. Develop terms of reference for a consultancy to evaluate the options for controlling the consumption of plastic bags in Vanuatu

Not yet started

c. Undertake the consultancy Not yet started

d. Implement the recommendations of the consultancy Not yet started

13 Develop appropriate collection services for the provincial centers


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a. Seek technical assistance to conduct time and motion studies on waste collection in Port Vila and Luganville

Not yet started

b. Implement recommendations from the study using existing resources as much as possible

Not yet started

c. Develop project proposal to implement additional recommendations from time and motion study, which cannot be implemented with existing resources (e.g., procurement of additional garbage trucks, bins) and seek funding

Not yet started

d. Evaluate the cost recovery mechanisms for waste collection in Port Vila and Luganville and develop a proposal to modify/implement mechanisms. Seek technical assistance if necessary to support the evaluation of the mechanisms

Not yet started

14 Develop environmentally sound facilities for disposal of solid waste and medical waste, septic sludge and residues

a. Develop concept notes and project proposals for upgrading existing facilities (e.g. purchase and installation of a weigh bridge at Bouffa landfill, upgrading Luganville dumpsite) and aggressively seek funding to implement them

Not yet started

b. Develop landfill guidelines for Bouffa semi-aerobic landfill

Not yet started

c. Initiate dialogue with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Utilities, which is the executing agency for the ADB Project that includes a review of the sanitation master plan. This dialogue should focus on identifying strategic linkages between the master plan and this national waste management strategy, and opportunities for funding relevant activities in this strategy.

Not yet started

d. Undertake any actions identified during dialogue with MIPU.

Not yet started

15 Develop an environmental monitoring program for closed dumpsites, existing dumpsites and landfills, and other contaminated sites

a. Convene a meeting/workshop with key stakeholders to identify initial sites to be monitored, items for monitoring (e.g. surface water such as rivers, groundwater, gas), and existing capacity for monitoring. Discuss and agree a way forward.

Not yet started

b. Seek technical assistance to prepare the outline of the monitoring program (location, items for monitoring, methods, equipment needs, etc)

Not yet started

c. Seek funding to implement the environmental monitoring program

Not yet started

16 Establish a National Waste Management Coordinating Committee to facilitate cooperation among agencies with respect to the management of the different types of wastes

a. Develop the draft terms of reference (TOR) explaining powers, duties, and responsibilities, etc for the coordinating committee

Not yet started


7


b. Identify the primary stakeholders for membership of the committee and convene a meeting with these stakeholders to refine and finalize the draft TOR. Particular attention should be paid to the communities lacking government presence (possibly through churches and schools) to ensure that the needs of these communities are representation from rural subsistence adequately considered during the implementation of the National Strategy.

Not yet started

c. Launch the committee


8

Table A-4-4 Proposed Revision of Action Plan Components related to JPRISM

4th Q, 2014 1st Q, 2015 2nd Q, 2015 3rd Q, 2015 4th Q, 2015

10

a. Implement pilot projects for home composting, market waste composting and separation of recyclablematerials at the source by community and businesses

DEPC, PVMC, LMC Partially under implementation by JPRISM and LMC

b. Evaluate the pilot prjects and hold workshop to dessiminate the PP results and recmmendations onexpansion of the waste minimization techniques

DEPC, PVMC, LMC

c. Prepare and circulate the PP expansion plan DEPC, PVMC, LMC

11

a. Conduct waste characterization study in Provincial Centres to identify the main waste components(Universities and colleges can be approached to undertake this as a student project)

PVMC, LMC Training of provincial officers may be conducted inJuly 2015 JPRISM workshop

b. Commit to taking the actions necessary to support the implementation of the CDL scheme DEPC (allstakeholders)

c. Develop and implement a plan for storage of recyclable waste at Bouffa Landfill. The plan shouldidentify wastes for which segregation is to be encouraged, storage locations, basic infrastructure (e.g.shed, containers), etc

PVMC, (DEPC) Include in Bouffa landfill development plan, discusswith and award to interested private recyclers,monitor operations

d. Promote segregation of yard and kitchen waste at home by promoting and demonstrating composting -link with action 10(a)

Demonstartion of PVMC Market Green Wastecomposting and LMC market composting done.

13

a. Seek technical assistance to conduct time and motion studies on waste collection in Port Vila andLuganville

PVMC, LMC Already implemented to PVMC

b. Implement recommendations from the study using existing resources as much as possible PVMC, LMC

c. Develop project proposal to implement further improvements, which cannot be implemented with existingresources (e.g., procurement of additional garbage trucks, bins, and involvement of private sector) andseek funding

PVMC, LMC

d. Evaluate the cost recovery mechanisms for waste collection in Port Vila and Luganville and develop aproposal to modify/implement mechanisms.

PVMC, LMC

14

a. Develop concept notes and project proposals for upgrading existing facilities (e.g. purchase andinstallation of a weigh bridge at Bouffa landfill, upgrading Luganville dumpsite) and aggressively seekfunding to implement them

PVMC, LMC Bouffa development plan can be prepared underJPRISM and LMC disposal site plan under VSA aid

b. Develop landfill guidelines for Bouffa semi-aerobic landfill PVMC Completed and Staff well trained

c. Initiate dialogue with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Utilities, which is the executing agency forthe ADB Project that includes a review of the sanitation master plan. This dialogue should focus onidentifying strategic linkages between the master plan and this national waste management strategy, andopportunities for funding relevant activities in this strategy.

DEPC (MIPU)

d. Undertake any actions identified during dialogue with MIPU. DEPC (MIPU)

16

a. Develop the draft terms of reference (TOR) explaining powers, duties, and responsibilities, etc for thecoordinating committee

DEPC

b. Identify the primary stakeholders for membership of the committee and convene a meeting with thesestakeholders to refine and finalize the draft TOR.

c. Launch the committee

17

a. Prepare the public awareness implementation plan DEPC, PVMC, LMC The plan may be developed in 2015b. Develop public awareness materials for different target groups Budget required for printing, etc.c. Explain the plan to stakeholders

d. Implementation

18

a. Identify the SWM activities that may be allocated to the community Reference can be made to JPRISM activities

and draft community activities plan can be

preparedb. Prepare phased the implementation plan

c. Select the communities that will be targeted for the first phase

d. Implementation From year 2016

Implement systems that encourage waste minimization, reuse and recycling of key waste items to reduce the amount of waste going to the landfills and dumpsites

Action Lead Agency (OtherStakeholders)

Timeframe Comments

Improve awareness of waste minimization techniques by working together with key stakeholders

Develop appropriate collection services for the provincial centres

Develop environmentally sound facilities for disposal of solid waste and medical waste, septic sludge and residues

Establish a National Waste Management Coordinating Committee to facilitate cooperation among agencies with respect to the management of the different types of wastes

Implement a public awareness campaign on SWM targeting all types of waste generators

Assign specific SWM activities to the community under the community participatory approach on SWM


Attachment C-7 Waste Characterization Study Report

DEPC/ PVM/ Wan Smol Bag/ JICA, Vanuatu

Japanese Technical Cooperation Project

for Promotion of Regional Initiative

on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries

(J-PRISM)

Waste Characterization Survey Report

November 2014

Port Vila, Vanuatu

Japanese Technical Cooperation Project for Promotion of Regional Initiative on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries (J-PRISM)

Port Vila, Vanuatu

i

Pictures of Waste Characterization Survey

Preparatory Workshop (1) Preparatory Workshop (2)

Questionnaire survey Recording of waste audit

Collected waste by a truck Collected waste from the sample community


Port Vila, Vanuatu

ii

Pictures of Waste Characterization Survey

Separation of collected waste (1) Separation of collected waste (2)

Separation of collected waste (3) Weighing of collected waste

Closing ceremony for the survey Survey team


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iii

Table of Contents

Pictures of Waste Characterization Survey .................................................................................... i

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

SURVEY .......................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Schedule of the Waste Characterization Survey ................................................. 4

1.3 Selected Samples for the Waste Characterization Survey .................................. 6

CHAPTER 2 DATA ANALYSIS/OBSERVATION ....................................................... 7

2.1 Household waste ................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Business waste .................................................................................................. 10

Attachment ...................................................................................................................... 11

Attachment 1: Questionnaire ...................................................................................... 12

Attachment 2: Tips for the next waste characterization survey .................................. 15

Attachment 3: Materials and budget list ..................................................................... 16

Attachment 4: Methods for the waste characterization survey ................................... 17


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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION SURVEY

1.1 Introduction

The waste characterization survey was conducted from October 28, 2014 to November 4, 2014, in Port Vila City. The main purpose of the survey is to grasp how much and what types of waste are generated in the City. The target waste is the one generated from the households, markets and business establishments.

In the past the household waste was audited in 2011, while the market and business waste was surveyed in 2013. The comparison with the past data will serve to monitor the transition of waste generation amount and type, which can help to plan the future waste management in the City; for example, to estimate the life expectancy of the Bouffa landfill and to examine the possible actions for the promotion of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).

The survey was conducted under the initiative of the Department of Environment and Pollution Control (DEPC) and Port Vila Municipality Council (PVMC) with the support of Japanese Technical Cooperation Project for Promotion of Regional Initiative on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries (J-PRISM), which is ongoing solid waste management project under the scheme of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

1.2 Schedule of the Waste Characterization Survey

Prior to the waste characterization survey, the questionnaire survey was conducted in order to obtain the basic information such as the number of habitants at each target household. Fifteen (15) survey assistants were hired by the J-PRISM to support the survey, for which the briefing meeting and workshop were held. After the 8-day survey from October 28 to November 4, the data analysis was done mainly done by the staff members of Port Vila Municipality.

The schedule of the waste characterization survey is shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The name of the persons who participated in the waste characterization survey is shown in Table 2.

Source: JICA Expert Team

Figure 1: Schedule of Waste Characterization Survey

Date20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4

Work item Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue

Preparation

Interview

Distribution of plastic bags

Collection of plastic bags

Waste seperation and weighing

October November


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Table 1: Schedule of Waste Characterization Survey

Date Time Activities October 20, 2014 (Mon) 13:00-14:00 Briefing meeting for the surveyors October 21, 2014 (Tue) 14:00- 15:30 Workshop for the surveyors October 22, 2014 (Wed) 8:00-16:00 Questionnaire survey October 23, 2014 (Thu) 8:00-16:00 Questionnaire survey October 24, 2014 (Fri) 8:00-16:00 Questionnaire survey October 27, 2014 (Mon) 8:00-16:00 Preparation & Distribution of garbage bags October 28, 2014 (Tue) 8:30-15:00

13:00-15:30 Distribution & collection of garbage bags Separation & Scaling of garbage bags

October 29, 2014 (Wed) 8:30-15:00 10:30-15:30

Distribution & collection of garbage bags Separation & Scaling of garbage bags

October 30, 2014 (Thu) 8:30-15:00 10:30-15:30


October 31, 2014 (Fri) 8:30-15:00 10:30-15:30


November 1, 2014 (Sun) 8:30-15:00 10:30-16:00


November 2, 2014 (Mon) 8:30-15:00 10:30-15:00


November 3, 2014 (Tue) 8:30-15:00 10:30-15:00


November 4, 2014 (Wed) 8:30-15:00 10:30-15:00 16:00-17:00

Distribution & collection of garbage bags Separation & Scaling of garbage bags Closing ceremony


Table 2: Participants of Waste Characterization Survey

Name Organization/ Position 1 Touasi Tiwok DEPC/ Senior Environment Officer 2 Roger Tary PVMC/ Environmental Health Manager 3 Berry George PVMC/ Market Waste Officer 4 Brian Robert Wan Smol Bag 5 Mayuka Kozawa DEPC/ Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) 6 Takahru Numakura PVMC/ Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) 7 Makoto Tsukiji J-PRISM/ Project Coordinator 8 Akihiro Osada J-PRISM/ JICA Expert 9 Elizabeth Mokoroe J-PRISM/ Project assistant 10 Mr. Frank Nale Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 11 Mr. Tommy Maleb Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 12 Mr. Namkon Tale Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 13 Mr. Loyd Dovo Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 14 Mr. Ronald Roriri Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 15 Ms. Serei Kalotiti Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 16 Ms. Cindy George Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 17 Ms. Joana Philip Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 18 Mr. Sam Sandy Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 19 Ms. Joyce Karawi Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 20 Mr. Erick Pakoa Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 21 Mr. Carol John Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 22 Ms. Joycelyne John Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) 23 Mr. Sam Andimeto Survey assistant (hired by J-PRISM) Source: JICA Expert Team


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1.3 Selected Samples for the Waste Characterization Survey

According to the discussion among the DEPC, PVMC staff members and JICA expert, the number of target was decided and the samples were selected: 110 households, 4 markets, 30 business establishments. The number of selected samples is shown in Table 3. The selected areas for household waste audit by income level are shown in Table 4.

Table 3: Sample for the Waste Characterization Survey

Type Description Low income

Middle income

High Income

Number of selected samples

Households Northern ward 20 0 0 20 Anamburu ward 15 5 0 20 Freshwota ward 20 10 0 30 Central ward 9 11 0 20 Southern ward 4 2 14 20 Sub total 68 28 14 110Market Central market 5 Freshwota market 3 Man ples market 2 Anamburu market 2 Sub total 12Business Kava Bars 5 Hotels 5 Restaurants 10 Offices 5 Shops 5 Sub total 30Source: JICA Expert Team

Table 4: Selected Areas for Households Waste Audit by Income Level

Type Description Income level Target Areas (No. of selected samples) Households Northern ward Low income Switi (4), 21 Jump street (4), Akatis- Saratoga (4), 7

stars (4), Olen (4) Anamburu ward Low income Main road Lilly Chan - Ecole public (right) (7), Side

road (left) (5), Simpolo (3) Middle income Willie Jimmy - Sato - Sisivi - Clinic (5) Freshwota ward Low income Freshwota 1 (5), Freshwota 4 (10), Freshwota 5 (2),

Freshwota 6 (3) Middle income Freshwota 2 (5), Freshwota 3 (5) Central ward Low income Seaside Tongoa - Seaside Futuna (5), Seaside

middle (2), Seaside Paama (2) Middle income Independence park (5), Gallardo- Yaw shopping

center (6) Southern ward Low income Tokyo (1), Erasa (1), Number 2 Wales (2) Middle income Bare - ABC Store (2) High income Pango (1), Elluk (3), Tampulo - Seaside lagoon (4),

Loustallet - Chief Nakamal (6) Source: JICA Expert Team


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Table 5: Selected Areas for Business Waste Audit by Business Type

Type Description Target Areas (No. of selected samples) Kava Bar Northern ward Akatis road Anamburu ward Tour Vanuatu Nakamal Freshwota ward Chief Maki Central ward Shefa Nakamal Southern ward Tafau Nakamal Hotel Northern ward Airlines Business Hotel Anamburu ward Coral Motel Freshwota ward Sunset Bungalow Central ward Grand hotel, Business class hotel, Vila city lodge Southern ward Lagoon, Melanesian hotel Restaurant/ Takeaway

Northern ward KTV restaurant, Happy Castle restaurant Anamburu ward Yum Yum restaurant, Harbor View Freshwota ward Vanuatu Fried Chicken, Au Bon Marche Take Away Central ward Peche migion, Cheng ting (vallet) Southern ward MK restaurant, Kanpai

Office Northern ward Esqal Anamburu ward APTC Freshwota ward BI Consulting Civil Engineering Central ward Air Vanuatu Southern ward Global Immigration Consultant Shop Northern ward John Store Anamburu ward QQ Store Freshwota ward Sakari Central ward Chew store Southern ward ABC store Source: JICA Expert Team

CHAPTER 2 DATA ANALYSIS/OBSERVATION

2.1 Household waste

The waste generation amount in Port Vila was 0.63 kg/capita/day. The middle-income households have slightly higher generation rate. The unit generation rate of household waste is shown in Table 5.

It was found out that the waste generation rate has increased from 2011 to 2014. Compared with the results in 2011, it is also evident that the unit generation rate of low-income households went up considerably. In general, GDP and unit waste generation rate are correlative; as the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) grows, the waste generation amount also augments1. This survey also shows the increase of unit generation rate.

1 According to estimation of the World Bank, the GDP growth rates in 2012, 2013 and 2014 are 1.8, 2.8 and 3.2 respectively. It is also often observed that the unit generation rate varies depending on social, economic and geological conditions as shown in Table 7.


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Table 6: Unit Generation Rate of Household Waste

(Unit: kg/capita/day) Year Low Middle High Average 2011 0.39 0.35 0.62 0.43 2014 0.60 0.68 0.65 0.63


Table 7: Unit Generation Rate of Household Waste by Area

(Unit: kg/capita/day) Area Income level Unit generation rate

(kg/capita/day) Northern Low income 0.81

Anamburu Low income 1.01 Middle income 1.19

Freshwota Low income 0.36 Middle income 0.66

Central Low income 0.43 Middle income 0.57

Southern Low income 0.49 Middle income 0.51 High income 0.65


Table 8: (Reference) Unit Generation Rate of Household Waste in Japan

(Unit: kg/capita/day) Prefecture Name of

city/ town Unit generation rate

(kg/capita/day) Nagano Anan Town 0.41 Tokyo Koganei City 0.63

Shizuoka Iwata City 0.73 Tokyo Hachioji City 0.83 Chiba Funabashi City 0.94

Source: Waste Management in Japan, 2013, Ministry of Environment

The composition of household waste is shown in Figure 1. 48% of household waste is vegetables or organic waste, which should be taken into consideration in terms of waste reduction. It is also remarkable that 11 % of all the household waste is plastic. Since currently there is no companies to treat plastic waste in Port Vila City, it is desirable to establish some system to Return these recyclables to other countries, including cans and metal.

The composition of household waste by income level is shown in Figure 2. There are not so big differences by income level: the organic waste accounts for the majority of household waste.


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Figure 1: Composition of Household Waste


Figure 2: Composition of Household Waste by Income Level

48%

0%

5%

2%

11%2%

1%

5%

4%

1%

3%

18%

Vegetable/Putrescible

Bones

Paper

Textiles

Plastics

PET Bottles

Aluminium Cans

Metals

Glass ceramic

Miscellaneous

Hard plastic

Nappies

49%

48%

48%

19%

19%

18%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Low income

Middle income

High imcomeVegetable/Putrescible

Bones

Paper

Textiles

Plastics

PET Bottles

Aluminium Cans

Metals

Glass ceramic

Miscellaneous

Hard plastic

Nappies


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2.2 Business waste

The comparison of average waste generation by business type is shown in Table 9. The average waste generation by business type is shown in Table 10.

Table 9: Comparison of Average Waste Generation Rate by Business Type

(Unit: kg/business establishment/day) Year Hotel &

Restaurant Office Shop

2013 13.9 17.1 10.2 2014 10.6 2.7 3.3


Table 10: Average Waste Generation by Business Type

(Unit: kg/business establishment/day) Area Unit generation rate

(kg/capita/day) Kava Bar 1.93

Hotel 16.76Restaurant 4.43

Office 2.67Shop 3.31



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Attachment

Attachment 1: Questionnaire

Attachment 2: Tips for the next waste characterization survey

Attachment 3: Materials and budget list

Attachment 4: Methods for waste characterization survey


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Attachment 1: Questionnaire

WASTE CHARACTERIZAITON SURVEY

INTERVIEW FORM (QUESTIONNAIRE) FOR HOUSEHOLD

Household Code ________

(Note: Household was Defined as a Group of People Living Together in the Same ‘House’ and Having Evening Meal

Together)

PARTI: Basic Information

Q.1 Household

1.1 Name of Head of

Household:______________________________________________

1.2 Male or Female (M / F): __________

1.3 Age: __________________

1.4 Nationality: __________________

1.5 Employment

a) Employed

b) Self-employed (Kava bar, retail shop, microfinance etc.)

c) Not employed (Household work, Retired/Pension/Elderly etc.)

1.6 Number of persons in the household: _________

1.7 Type of Household:

a) Nuclear family

b) Parents or parents with no children

c) Extended family (with Aunty or Sister’s family etc.)

d) Others (please explain): ____________________________________

1.8 How long have you lived here? : ______ years/ months

Q.2 Level of Income (Circle the Average Household Income per 2 Weeks (Vatu))

a) Less than 10,000 Vatu/fortnight

b) 10,000 - 20,000 Vatu/fortnight

c) More than 20,000 Vatu/fortnight


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PARTII: YOUR VIEWS and OPINIONS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT

Q.1 How important is waste management to you and your household? (Circle Only

One)

a. Very Important

b. Important

c. Less Important

d. Not Important

Q.2 What is your most priority issue? (Circle Only One)

a. Education

b. Sanitation & Health

c. Waste management

d. Social welfare & Economy

Q.3 What do you do with waste? (Please Circle more than one)

a. Collected by PVMC

b. Collected by private collectors

c. Burying

d. Burning

e. Backyard open dumping

f. Take myself to dumpsite

Q.4 Frequency of collection per week by PVMC and private collectors? (Please Tick)

PVMC Private collectors

a. Once b. Twice c. Three Times d. Once a Month e. Never


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Q.5 Are you satisfied with the service provided by PVMC? (Please Tick)

a. Satisfied

b. Not satisfied

Reasons

_______________________________________________________________

Q.6 What Disposal Method Do You use for Your Household Waste? (Circle more than

one)

a. Pre-paid bags (Yellow bags)

b. Rubbish plastic bags

c. Rubbish bins

d. Cardboard boxes

e. Others

Q.8 Are you willing to do waste separation at source? (Please circle one)

a. Yes

b. No

c. Not sure

Q.9 Have you participated in cleanup activities in your community? (Please circle one)

a. Yes

b. No

Q.10 Observation by the interviewer (Please tick)

Yes No 1. The household property is kept clean? 2. Waste is separated properly? 3. Compost is already introduced? 4. The interviewee understood the questions clearly?


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Attachment 2: Tips for the next waste characterization survey

The challenges, solutions and recommendations are summarized, as shown in Table below:

Challenges Solutions/ Recommendations

1 Transportation and drivers for plastic bag collection/ mobilization were not prepared enough.

To prepare two specific trucks and drivers for the survey for full day (7:30-15:00)

2 There was no specific plan and no scheduling in advance.

To prepare a plan including the budget at least two month before, so that the budget can be secured

3 Some youth (survey assistants) live very far, which made it difficult to organize the survey.

To select the youths who have experienced the past survey

To have an interview to consider the background (where the youth lives; churches; availability; survey experience)

4 Some households complained about the change of plan.

To select the proper number of households

5 Some business didn’t want to collaborate with the survey, especially the hotels, because of the waste collection system done by PVMC.

To visit the business at least a few days before the survey, to make an agreement for the collaboration, and to make a list

6 No enough budgets and no cost sharing were

done. To prepare a plan including the budget at

least two month before, so that the budget can be secured

7 Not active participation of counterparts was observed.

To have a meeting and encourage the participation by phone and e-mail

To organize the survey when the counterparts are available.

8 On the first and second day, there were bags not collected at the selected shops.

To prepare a list of shops in advance

9 PVMC trucks wrongly collected plastic bags, because of no information for the drivers

To select another color of plastic bags to identify plastic bags for the survey

To inform the drivers before the survey 10 There was no management of the materials

such as gloves To give a proper instruction to the youth

before the distribution of materials To buy strong gloves, instead of disposable

gloves. 11 Explanation to the households was not

enough, and some waste generated before the survey was put into the plastic bags.

To select the youths for the next survey who have joined the past survey

To prepare a list of explanation points to each household, and the youth bring it when they explain

12 Proper separation site was not prepared. To set up two table for waste separation (for example, 2m x 2m)

13 There was no mobilization for the questionnaire survey.

To secure two trucks for the questionnaire survey (2 ways/day; 2,000vatu/day)


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Attachment 3: Materials and budget list

Item Quantity Unit price

(vatu) Amount (vatu)

1 Tarpaulin 1 piece N/A N/A2 Scale 2 set N/A N/A3 Buckets 2 Set N/A N/A4 Masks 5 boxes 1,500 7,5005 Hand gloves 5 boxes 1,500 7,5006 Plastic bags (110+12+30)*8 pieces N/A N/A7 Per diem 15*11 persons/day 1,000 165,0008 Refreshment/Lunch 15*11 persons/day 350 57,7509 Water 15*2*11 persons/day 50 16,500

10 Transportation (from the households/markets/business to waste separation site)

11 day N/A N/A

11 Transportation (for the youths) 11 day N/A N/A


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Attachment 4: Methods for the waste characterization survey

1. Purposes

(1) To update the data on unit waste generation rate and waste composition in Port Vila

(2) To utilize the collected data to analyze the impacts of ongoing activities and the future planning on solid waste management

2. Survey Description

The survey will contain the following activities:

Preparation stage:

In the stage, it is necessary to prepare all the equipment as well as the arrangement with the target households.

Implementation stage

Questionnaire survey (for all the sampled households and commercial establishments) and waste auditing are conducted.

Analysis and Reporting stage

Data entry, calculation and analysis are done and put into a waste characterization report.

3. Detail process

3.1 Preparation stage

(1) Task 1: Schedule and location Decide the date when to conduct the survey. Also, identify the location to conduct waste auditing.

No. Activities Date Notes (1) Questionnaire survey Survey for all the sampled

households and commercial establishments are conducted.

(2) Waste auditing Waste is collected and scaled.

(2) Task 2: Human resources Identify who can join the survey. It is also recommended to hire some youths or students


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18

as survey assistants. The workshop for survey assistants can be held for a half day before the implementation.

(3) Task 3: Selection of sample areas (Households) Discuss and select the target areas according to the categorization of income level. The total sampling number should be decided. Also, inform the communities about the survey schedule, if necessary.

No. Income level Name of areas Notes (1) High income (2) Middle income (3) Low income

(4) Task 4: Selection of sample areas (Business) Discuss and select the target commercial establishments.

No. Type Name of business establishments Notes (1) Kava Bar (2) Hotel (3) Restaurant (4) Office (5) Shop

(5) Task 5: Preparation of materials and equipment

Prepare the necessary materials and equipment, which are listed as follows.

No. Item Quantity Price/ Budget

(1) Garbage bags (Households) Sample number x 8 days (2) Garbage bags (Commercial) Sample number x 8 days x 2 (3) Gloves (disposal) Number of survey assistants x 8 days (4) Masks (disposal) Number of survey assistants x 8 days (5) Scale 2 units (6) Tarpaulin 1 or 2 units (7) Buckets 4 units (8) Stationary (pens, masking

tapes etc.) *For the questionnaire surveys, the cording of plastic bags and the recording

(9) Transportation 2 days (for questionnaire survey, if necessary) 8 days (for waste bag collection)

(10) Water Number of survey assistants x 10 days (11) Lunch Number of survey assistants x 10 days (12) Per diem for survey assistants Number of survey assistants x 10 days


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(6) Task 6: Information sheets and Questionnaires Finalize the information sheets and questionnaires before the implementation.

The information sheets will be distributed for all the sampled households and commercial establishment, when the questionnaire survey is conducted. The questionnaire should be prepared, based on what information you want to get through the questionnaires.

(7) Task 7: Preparatory workshop Preparatory workshop can be held for the survey assistants. The draft contents will be as follows:

No. Contents Description Person in charge

(1) Outline of the survey - Survey purposes - Survey schedule - What to do during the survey

(2) How to separate waste - Demonstration (3) How to conduct the

questionnaire survey - Understand the questionnaire

form contents - Ask the knowledgeable person in

the households - Be polite at all times - Write clearly in the forms

(4) Cording of plastic bags

3.2 Implementation stage

(1) Task 8: Questionnaire survey Conduct the questionnaire surveys for all the sampled households and commercial establishments. At the same time, distribute the information sheet and plastic bags (one plastic bag for each household and two plastic bags for each commercial establishment), and explain to the residents and workers that every waste should be put into the plastic bags.

It is recommended to attach the masking tape at the entrance of each household for code identification.

(2) Task 9: Waste auditing Distribute and collect the waste bags.

- For the First Day, collect and transport the plastic bags to the dumpsite and discard all the waste. When collecting bags, distribute additional plastic bags (one plastic bag for each household and two plastic bags for each commercial establishment).

- From the Second to Eighth Day, collect and transport plastic bags to the pre-specified location and implement the waste auditing.

- Waste weight will be scaled for all the samples.


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- Household waste volume and composition will be studied for randomly selected plastic bags.

- Commercial waste volume and composition will be surveyed for all the samples.

3.3 Analysis and Reporting stage

(1) Task 10: Data entry, calculation, analysis and reporting Do data entry, calculation, analysis and reporting.


Attachment C-8 Solid Waste Collection and Transport Existing Conditions

Review

Department of Environment and Pollution Control (DEPC)

Port Vila Municiplaity (PVMC)

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)



on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries (J-PRISM)

Solid Waste Collection and Transport Existing

Conditions Review

March 2015

Port Vila, Vanuatu


Port Vila, Vanuatu

PVMC Collection and Transport System

PVMC Workshop PVMC Workshop in Freshwota

Waste collection by compactor Waste discharged on platform

Loading of truck Dmages to workshop from cyclone Pam


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i

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ i

Chapter 1. Background ............................................................................................................. 1

Chapter 2. Basis of the Review ................................................................................................. 2

Chapter 3. Solid Waste Flow .................................................................................................... 3

3-1 Solid Waste Flow ................................................................................................................. 3

3-2 Issue related to SW Flow ..................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 4. Port Vila Municipality Collection Service ................................................................. 5

4-1 PVMC Collection Truck Fleet ............................................................................................... 5

4-2 Issues related to PVMC Collection Trucks Fleet .................................................................. 5

Chapter 5. Time and Motion Survey ......................................................................................... 6

5-1 PVMC Collection Operation ................................................................................................. 6

5-2-1 First T&M Survey – March 5th, 2015 ............................................................................ 6

5-2-2 Second T&M Survey – March 10th, 2015 ..................................................................... 7

5-3 Issues identified by the T&M Survey ................................................................................... 8

Chapter 6. Recommendations ................................................................................................ 10

Attachment 1 Waste Audit Summary ....................................................................................... 14

Attachment 2 Incoming Waste Records ................................................................................... 15

Attachment 3 Time and Motion Survey Summary .................................................................... 16


Port Vila, Vanuatu

1

Chapter 1. Background

Under the J-PRISM Project the Counterparts are scheduled to update the solid waste

management plan of Port Vila Municipality which was prepared in 2006. The waste collection

system is an important component of the plan and therefore it was necessary to review and

evaluate the present conditions.

Furthermore, there are a number of activities which the Counterparts have introduced to Port Vila

SWM system related to waste minimization. These include the transport of green waste from the

Central Market to Vanuatu Direct for composting and separation of aluminum and steel cans at

the source. Although these activities contribute significantly to the reduction of waste being

transported to Bouffa landfill, they require separate transportation and create a burden on the

waste collection trucks. Therefore more effective use of the existing collection trucks and

improvement of the overall collection system are required to reinforce waste minimization.

Finally it is evident that there is a problem with solid waste collection in Port Vila as witnessed by

the amounts of waste that are remaining in the roads for days until they are collected.

Therefore it was important to develop a more clear understanding of the collection system in Port

Vila


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Chapter 2. Basis of the Review

The review was conducted on the basis of the analysis of data collected from surveys

implemented during the last few months. These surveys are described in the following Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Survey Data Used for Waste Collection Review

SN Date Survey Counterpart in charge

1 Aug. – Sept., 2014 Waste Audit Survey Roger Tari, Berry George,

2 Feb., 2015 Bouffa Landfill incoming waste Amos Mathias

3 March, 2015 Time & Motion Survey Roger Tari, Chris, Berry George

(1) Waste Audit Survey

The objective of this survey was to determine the amount of waste generated in PVMC, and the

waste composition. Unlike previous waste audits, this survey covered a larger sample number

(around 100 households) and was simultaneously implemented in all the wards of PVMC. A

summary of the results is shown in Attachment 1.

(2) Bouffa Landfill Incoming Waste Records

Originally it was planned to install a weighbridge at the entrance of Bouffa landfill in order to keep

a record of incoming waste. However due to lack of electricity supply to the site, it was decided

instead to develop a manual recording system for the incoming waste. The recording sheet (refer

to Attachment 2) was developed by the Project team, and the landfill manager trained his staff

on filling it up.

The daily records for February 2015 were input into MS Excel and the data was analyzed in order

to obtain the total waste amount arrivals, the areas of generation, the waste categories and the

share that PVMC transported by its own collection trucks.

(3) Time & Motion Survey

The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the collection route design, number of trips implemented,

amount of waste transported, the waste generators discharge practices and the working

conditions of the collection crews. The survey is implemented by following the collection truck and

recording the collection activities in details. A summary of the data analysis is provided in

Attachment 3.


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Chapter 3. Solid Waste Flow

3-1 Solid Waste Flow

The solid waste flow is estimated as shown in the following Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1 Port Vila Solid Waste Flow in 2015

The main features of the solid waste flow are described as follows:

(1) The population in PVMC is 51,810 persons and there are an additional 10,400 persons living

in the surrounding rural areas


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(2) In terms of waste categories, the share of domestic waste represents 67% of the total

municipal waste generated, while the remaining 33% amount is generated from commercial

activities (e.g. restaurants, hotels, shops, etc.) and institutions (e.g. offices, churches, schools,

open spaces, etc.).

(3) The unit generation rate (UGR) for domestic waste, i.e. the amount of domestic waste each

person generates in one day is 0.61 kilograms. The Municipal Solid Waste covers both waste

categories of domestic and commercial and institutional wastes. Considering the share of

commercial and institutional wastes, the UGR for Municipal Solid Waste is estimated to be

0.92 kg/capita/day.

(4) Accordingly the total municipal solid waste amounts generated in PVMC and its surrounding

rural areas are 48 tons and 10 tons in one day respectively.

(5) The amounts of municipal solid waste collected from each of PVMC and the rural areas are

26.2 tons and 5.8 tons in one day respectively. Therefore the municipal waste collection rate

for PVMC is 54% and for the rural areas 58% only.

(6) PVMC operated collection trucks collect 51% of the total waste collected from PVMC. The

remaining amount is collected by the private sector or directly brought to Bouffa by the waste

generators themselves.

(7) Some waste amounts are recycled, either directly by the generators before collection, at the

central market and through the waste picking activities at Bouffa landfill. There are no details

for these recycling activities however the estimated amount is around 4.2 tons in one day.

(8) The above waste flow shows the waste amounts in ton per day, for seven days a week. It

should be noted however that actual waste collection and Bouffa operation are implemented

6 days a week, with Sunday off. Therefore, based on the six week day, the average waste

amount collected by the PVMC trucks on a working day is 16.3 tons and the average total

waste arriving to Bouffa on a working day from both PVMC and its surrounding rural areas is

38.9 tons.

3-2 Issue related to SW Flow

The waste collection rate for PVMC is low at 54%.


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Chapter 4. Port Vila Municipality Collection Service

4-1 PVMC Collection Truck Fleet

During the month of February, PVMC operated the following trucks, as shown in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 Collection Trucks operated by PVMC during February 2015

SN Truck number Type Haul capacity (ton)

Days operated out of 23 working days

1 No number Compactor (blue) donated from Hokkaido

2.7 10

2 35 Compactor 2.7 17

3 38 Compactor 2.0 1

4 13104 Pick-up truck 1.3 17

5 15592 Flatbed truck 2.0 18

6 15593 Flatbed truck 2.0 20

7 13961 Pick-up truck 1.3 5

8 13962 Pick-up truck 1.3 9

9 4149 Dump truck with crane 3.5 2

10 241 Dump truck 2.0 2

These ten trucks were operated as follows:

(1) PVMC operated on average 4.4 trucks per day. The maximum number of trucks on one

working day was 7 trucks, while the minimum was 3 trucks.

(2) The maximum number of trips operated per day was 14 trips while the minimum number was

3 trips. On average 9.3 total trips were operated on the working days, or 2.1 trips per truck

per working day.

4-2 Issues related to PVMC Collection Trucks Fleet

As highlighted in the previous Table 4-1, only four of the 10 trucks were steadily operated and

therefore reliable, while there were breakdowns and other problems to operate the other trucks.

The average trips produced by one truck in a day, at 2.1 is considered low given the potential to

operate the pick-up trucks 4 trips per day and the flatbed trucks 3 trips per day.


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Chapter 5. Time and Motion Survey

5-1 PVMC Collection Operation

The Project Team implemented two time & motion surveys on March 5 and 10. Both surveys were

implemented in the Freshwota ward. Two different truck types were surveyed; a pickup truck of

capacity 1.35 tons and a flatbed truck of capacity 1.88 tons.

1st T&M - Pick-up truck 2nd T&M Flatbed truck

5-2-1 First T&M Survey – March 5th, 2015

The first T&M survey was held on 5th March. In addition to the counterparts from PVMC,

counterparts from Lenakel also joined the survey. The route of the survey is shown in Figure 5-1.

As shown in the table in Figure 5-1, the truck moved from Freshwota depot (workshop) to the first

collection point in 2 minutes. The truck spent 25 minutes in the collection area. Waste was

collected from 35 points along the collection route, in other words 43 seconds at each point. The

large number of collection points meant more work for the two collection crew members and tired

them out early in the work.

It then took the truck 33 minutes to reach Bouffa landfill, of which 14 minutes were spent traveling

the 3.2 kilometers of unpaved road leading to the landfill.

Overall the collection efficiency for the trip was 46 minutes per ton. Using this information it is

estimated that a truck of this type can make four trips per truck shift, considering a shift time of 7

hours, plus one hour for lunch and rest.


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Figure 5-1 First T&M Survey

5-2-2 Second T&M Survey – March 10th, 2015

The second T&M survey was held on 10th March. The route of the survey is shown in Figure 5-2.

As shown in the table in Figure 5-2, the truck moved from Freshwota depot (workshop) to the first

collection point in 5 minutes. The truck spent 52 minutes in the collection area. Waste was

collected from 42 points along the collection route, in other words 76 seconds at each point. The

large number of collection points meant more work for the two collection crew members and tired

them out early in the work.

The route was not straightforward like the first survey. The truck passed along many parts of the

same route twice, entered into a dead end road and needed to make a U-turn and spent a long

time collecting from the large number of points.

It then took the truck 25 minutes to reach Bouffa landfill.


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Overall the collection efficiency for the trip was 51 minutes per ton. Using this information it is

estimated that a truck of this type can make three trips per truck shift, considering a shift time of 7

hours, plus one hour for lunch and rest.

Figure 5-3 Second T&M Survey

5-3 Issues identified by the T&M Survey

This survey is a very good opportunity to observe at close hand the collection operation

conducted by the PVMC collection crew. The following issues were observed.

(1) Route design: There was double passage along sections of the route which should be

avoided as it wastes the time.

(2) Mixed PVMC and private collection in the same area: The crew left some waste along the

route, explaining that it was to be collected by private collectors under direct contract with the

generators. It is difficult to coordinate the collection work in such areas and as a result there

will always be waste waiting to be picked up.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

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(3) Lack of cleaning after removal of the waste: The collection crews do not clean the collection

points after removing the waste and in many cases leave some waste behind.

(4) Truck types: The pickup truck has a small capacity, around 1.3 tons and the flatbed truck,

though larger in size did not have any sidings and did not have dumping function, thereby

spending more time at Bouffa for unloading.

(5) Safety gear: The collection crews did not use any protective gears during their work.

(6) Bouffa landfill access road: The 3 kilometer long unpaved road leading to Bouffa disposal site

slows down the collection trucks.


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Chapter 6. Recommendations

PVMC does not have a reliable vehicle fleet of sufficient capacity to provide sustainable collection

service to the city’s residents. There are some private sector collection companies and some

generators are transporting their own waste, however despite of these combined efforts, the

collection service covers only 54% of the residents.

During the 4th JCC meeting, on 6th March, 2015 the Mayor of Port Vila and the Town Clerk

expressed their intention to privatize the collection system.

The following recommendations have been made in order to successfully privatize the collection

system and increase the collection coverage.

(1) Trucks Requirements

At present the collection coverage is estimated at 54%. Within the next 5 years, up to 2020

the improved collection coverage targets should be set. And accordingly based on

population and UGR forecasts, the amounts of waste to be collected can be estimated. This

exercise is shown in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 PVMC Municipal Waste Collection Amounts up to 2020

SN Item 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 Population (capita) 53,886 56,041 58,283 60,614 63,039

2 UGR (kg/cap/d) 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97

3 Generated MSW (t/d) 50.2 52.7 55.3 58.1 61.1

4 Collection targets (%) 55% 57% 59% 62% 65%

5 Waste collection amount (t/d) 27.6 30.0 32.7 36.0 39.7

Based on the waste amounts to be collected and considering a combination of the collection

truck types, it is estimated that seven (7) trucks are needed to be operated daily with an

additional truck as standby. This estimation is shown in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2 Collection Truck Requirements

SN Truck type Units Capacity

(ton)

Trips per

day

Total haul

per shift

1 Pick-up 2 1.3 4 10.4


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SN Truck type Units Capacity

(ton)

Trips per

day

Total haul

per shift

2 Flatbed 2 1.9 3 11.4

3 Compactor 2 2 2 8

4 Compactor 1 3 2 6

5 Total 7 35.8

The total haul capacity under this example is 35.8 ton/day. This exceeds the amount of

waste to be collected during the first three years, i.e. up to year 2018. From 2019 an

additional truck may be required.

(2) Proposed scenario for privatization

a. Allocation of collection contracts by ward

It is not clear at this time whether there are any private companies that can provide 8 trucks

and efficient collection service immediately. It is recommended to consider sub-contracting

collection services for four of the five wards to the private sector while PVMC will continue to

collect the green waste from the market; the wastes separated at the source and the

municipal solid waste from the Central ward.

b. Exclusive areas for private companies

It is further recommended not to permit both PVMC and the private sector to operate within

the same areas so as to demarcate responsibilities clearly.

c. Contract with PVMC

In order to uphold the recently introduced pre-paid bag system, it is recommended that

PVMC directly contracts with private companies for the collection, and discontinue the direct

contracts between generators and private collection companies.

d. Contract period

Considering that the Contractor may need to invest in purchase of equipment and training of

staff, the contract period should be a minimum of three years and preferably 5 years.

(3) Technical terms for the privatization contract


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The Contract shall have three sections; a general section, a financial section and technical

standards and specifications. For the section dealing with the technical standards, it is

recommended to incorporate the following clauses.

Clause 1: The Contractor shall provide the collection services in wards _______, _______

and __________. The number of households to be served in each ward is _______,

_______, and ________.

Clause 2: In the identified wards, the Contractor shall be responsible for collection of solid

wastes generated from the households, commercial activities, schools, public offices and

markets, at least two days a week. The services shall be provided either in the morning

hours or in the afternoon hours.

Clause 3: The Contractor shall provide sufficient manpower and equipment to implement the

collection activities. The Contractor shall develop the collection system and submit it PVMC

for their approval. Once approved the Contractor shall implement a public awareness

campaign to ensure that the citizens are aware of the system and follow the discharge rules.

Clause 4: The Contractor shall prepare and submit his collection schedule to PVMC for approval.

The schedule shall identify the collection areas by road name and ward. A map shall be included. The

schedule shall show the days of the week (Monday thru Saturday) and time of the day (within 3 hour

windows; e.g. from 8 AM to 11 AM, or 11 AM to 2 PM) when the collection shall be provided. The

Contractor shall prepare the schedule taking into consideration the capacities of his equipment and

efficient utilization.

Clause 5: Once the Contractor’s submitted collection schedule has been approved by PVMC, the

Contractor shall then prepare and distribute leaflets to the residents in residential areas and

settlements and schools to indicate to them the collection times. The Contractor may also be required

to use other means to ensure that the collection schedule is informed to the people.

Clause 6: The residents and schools shall discharge their wastes in plastic bins, bags or any other

acceptable and closed container. The Contractor shall provide sufficient guidelines and instructions to

the residents on the proper manner for waste discharge as may be required.

Clause 7: The Contractor shall utilize adequate waste hauling vehicles such as compactors, dump

trucks and skip carrying trucks. The vehicles shall be washed regularly to avoid odor emission and

rust. The boxes carrying the waste should have no holes or perforations for fear of leakage of the

waste leachate. For open trucks the waste box shall be covered by canvas to avoid littering of the


Port Vila, Vanuatu

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waste during transport to the disposal site. The hydraulic systems of the compactors shall be

operated by the collection crews and the general public shall not be permitted to operate them.

Clause 8: The Contractor’s crew shall be provided with safety gear (uniform, gloves, boots, masks,

etc.). The crews shall be trained to respond effectively to work accidents as well as safety work

measures.

Clause 9: The collection crews shall cooperate with the PVMC appointed personnel at Bouffa landfill

site. They shall report on the location where the waste they are hauling in was collected from, the

type of waste the collected and other data that might be required. They shall also follow the

instructions of the disposal area staff as to where to discharge the waste they are hauling into the

site.

Clause 10: The Contractor shall set up a system to receive and manage complaints from the

residents, which shall be approved by PVMC.

Clause 11: The Contractor shall provide sufficient number of personnel and train them to implement

the service efficiently. The collection crew shall respond civilly to the general public, and shall not

solicit any extra funds from them.


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Attachment 1 Waste Audit Summary (1) 2014 Domestic Waste Audit Survey

(2) Domestic Waste Composition Analysis

2014 Domestic Kg/cap/day

Low Middle High

Tot. kg/d Capita UGR Tot. kg/d Capita UGR Tot. kg/d Capita UGR

Northern 111.97 138 0.81

Anamburu 62.52 62 1.01 24.95 21 1.19

Freshwota 61.44 162 0.38 39.01 59 0.66

Southern 13.93 31 0.45 6.67 13 0.51 60.71 92 0.66

Central 24.27 57 0.43 37.98 67 0.57

0.61 0.73 0.66

Average 274.13 450 0.61 108.60 160 0.68 60.71 92 0.66

Single Average 443.44 702 0.63

Waste Category Low Mid High Average

Vegetable/Putrescible 49% 51% 46% 51%

Bones 0% 0% 0% 0%

Paper 5% 5% 5% 5%

Textiles 2% 2% 3% 2%

Plastics 13% 12% 10% 12%

PET Bottles 1% 1% 1% 1%

Aluminium Cans 1% 1% 2% 1%

Metals 5% 5% 7% 5%

Glass ceramic 3% 3% 6% 3%

Miscellaneous 0% 0% 0% 0%

Hard plastic 3% 3% 4% 3%

Nappies 19% 18% 16% 18%

Others 0% 0% 0% 0%


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Attachment 2 Incoming Waste Records

Col

lect

ion

anal

ysis

(*

1) S

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(*2)


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Attachment 3 Time and Motion Survey Summary

First T&M Survey Calculation Sheet

Action T ime Odometer T ime Distance KPH

A Depot depart 8:40 70835 0:00 0

B Start collection 8:41 70835.5 0:01 0.5 7.5

C Finish collection 9:06 70836 0:26 1

D Access road to disposal site 9:23 70844 0:43 9

E Arrival at disposal area 9:37 70847 0:57 12

F Truck emptied 9:42 70847 1:02 12

SN ActionT ime

(min)

Distance

(Km)

Speed

(KPH)

A-B From Depot to 1st Collection Point 1 0.5 30

B-C From 1st Collection Point to last collection point 25 0.5 1

C-D From last collection point to access road to disposal site 17 8 28

D-E From Access road start point to disposal area 14 3 13

E-F Waste emptying time 5 0 0

62 12 12.0

1hr2min

Capacity of the truck 4.07 m3

Waste density 0.35 t/m3

Loading efficiency 95 %

Estimated waste haul per trip 1.35 ton

Number of Collection Points 35 points

T ime for loading one ton of waste 46 min/ton

T ime per collection point 0.7 min/pt

Number of potential trips per shift T rip 1min Trip 2 min Trip 3 min Trip 4min

A-B From Depot to 1st Collection Point/ Disposal site to 1st collection point 1 31 34 38

B-C From 1st Collection Point to last collection point 25 28 31 34

C-D From last collection point to access road to disposal site 17 19 21 23

D-E From Access road start point to disposal area 14 15 17 19

E-F Waste emptying time 5 6 7 8

62 99 110 122

Shift T ime 420

Haul Efficiency

A. Collection Efficiency within the collection zones


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Second Time & Motion Survey Calculation sheet

Action T ime Odometer T ime Distance KPH

A Depot depart 9:05 92912 0:00 0

B Start collection 9:09 92913 0:04 1 15

C Finish collection 10:02 92916 0:57 4

D Arrival at disposal area 10:30 92927 1:25 15

F Truck emptied 10:40 92927 1:35 15

SN ActionTime

(min)

Distance

(Km)

Speed

(KPH)

A-B From Depot to 1st Collection Point 4 1 15

B-C From 1st Collection Point to last collection point 53 3 3

C-D From last collection point to disposal site 28 11 24

D-E Waste emptying time 10 0 0

95 15 9.0

1hr35min

Capacity of the truck 6.31 m3

Waste density 0.35 t/m3

Loading efficiency 85 %

Estimated waste haul per trip 1.88 ton

Number of Collection Points 42 points

T ime for loading one ton of waste 51 min/ton

T ime per collection point 1.3 min/pt

Number of potential trips per shift T rip 1min Trip 2 min Trip 3 min

A-B From Depot to 1st Collection Point 4 38 42

B-C From 1st Collection Point to last collection point 53 58 64

C-D From last collection point to disposal site 28 31 34

D-E Waste emptying time 10 11 12

95 138 152 385

Shift T ime 420

Haul Efficiency

A. Collection Efficiency within the collection zones


Attachment C-9 Can Separation Pilot Project Report

DEPC/ PVM/ Wan Smol Bag/ JICA, VANUATU




(J-PRISM)

Aluminum and Steel Cans Separation

Pilot Project at Freshwota Ward

June 2015

Port Vila, Vanuatu


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Pictures No.1

Baseline survey team

(Sep. 2014)

Briefing for the baseline survey

(Aug. 2014)

Interview to the resident (1)

(Sep. 2014)

Interview to the resident (2)

(Sep. 2014)

Community committee meetings

(Nov. 2014)

Community committee meetings

(Nov. 2014)


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Pictures No.2

Launching program of cages

(Nov. 2014)

Handover of cages at the launching program

(Nov. 2014)

Participants of launching program of cages

(Nov. 2014)

Cages at Freshwota 1

(Feb. 2015)

Cages at Freshwota 1

(Feb. 2015)

Monitoring at Freshwota 4

(Feb. 2015)


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Pictures No.3

Launching program of cages

(Feb. 2014)

Monitoring of cages at Freshwota 1

(Jun. 2015)


(Feb. 2015)


(Mar. 2015)

Questionnaire for evaluation

(Jun. 2015)

Questionnaire for evaluation

(Jun. 2015)


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Project Target Areas - Freshwota Ward (1-6)

Cage

Cage


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v

Table of Contents

Pictures .............................................................................................................................. i

Project Target Areas - Freshwota Ward (1-6) .................................................................. iv

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. v

Preface Introduction of the Pilot Project ....................................................................... 6

Chapter 1 Baseline Survey ............................................................................................ 9

Chapter 2 Cage Installation and Monitoring ............................................................... 12

Chapter 3 Establishment of Environment & Waste Management Committee ........... 17

Chapter 4 Evaluation .................................................................................................. 18

Chapter 5 Lessons Learnt/ Suggestions ....................................................................... 21

Chapter 6 Expansion plan .......................................................................................... 23

Attachment ..................................................................................................................... 24

Attachment 1: Questionnaire of the baseline survey .................................................. 25

Attachment 2: Results of the baseline survey ............................................................. 29

Attachment 4: Environment and waste management committee ............................... 39

Attachment 5: Questionnaire for evaluation ............................................................... 41


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Preface Introduction of the Pilot Project

1. Background of the Pilot Project

As Port Vila is a small island, the inland recycling activities are limited. Therefore, in

addition to the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), establishing Return system is advantageous as 4th

R – send back valuables from Port Vila to the countries of origin, instead of disposing of waste

in Port Vila.

Japanese Technical Cooperation Project for Promotion of Regional Initiative on Solid Waste

Management in Pacific Island Countries (hereinafter referred to as J-PRISM) has initiated this

pilot project, aiming at establishing the Return system, by collecting aluminum cans separately

and selling them to existing recycling companies in Port Vila. Consequently, it is expected that

the target areas will become cleaner with the enhancement of public awareness on solid waste

management.

This pilot project has been implemented with the collaboration of Department of

Environment and Pollution Control (hereinafter referred to as DEPC), Port Vila Municipality,

Wan Smol Bag, Ministry of Health, and Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter

referred to as JICA).

As the pilot project areas, Freshwota ward was targeted in consideration of the following

conditions: there are some leaders such as councils; and there are some municipal officers

taking care of the Freswota Market, who can be involved in this pilot project.

The population of Freshwota ward is shown in Table below:

Area Male Female Total

Number of

houses

Freshwota 1 348 306 654 128

Freshwota 2 643 632 1275 230

Freshwota 3 481 468 949 203

Freshwota 4 972 900 1872 385

Freshwater 5 784 718 1502 294

Freshwater 6 418 382 800 163

Total 3646 3406 7052 1403

Source: Vanuatu National Statsitics Office: 2009 Housing & population Census


Port Vila, Vanuatu

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This pilot project aims at the following purposes:

» To reduce waste by promoting recycling

» To increase public awareness on solid waste management

» To improve waste collection system

» To extend life span of landfill


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2. Outline of the Pilot Project

J-PRISM installed the cages at certain collection points in Freshwota Ward. As a pilot project,

2 sets of cages were allocated at Freshwota 1 & 4. The community members collected both

aluminum and steel cans and brought them to the cages in the community.

Both community members and J-PRISM were responsible for the monitoring of cages. Once

the cages got full, the J-PRISM contacted a recyclable collection company, Recycle Corp, and

they bought the aluminum and steel cans. The sales from the cans were donated for the benefits

of Freshwota communities.

At the same time, the community members organized the committee, which was in charge of

the coordination of this pilot project among the community, J-PRISM and Recycle Corps.

Figure 1: Flow of the pilot project


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Chapter 1 Baseline Survey

1. Outline of the Baseline Survey

The baseline survey was conducted by the 10 interviewers including three survey assistants

hired by J-PRSIM, in order to grasp the public awareness on solid waste management in

Freshwota Ward (1-6). This survey results are expected to use for the implementation of the

survey. The outline is shown in Table 1. The method was structured interview based on the

questionnaire. The questionnaires were elaborated through the discussion among the

counterparts of J-PRSIM.

Table 1: Outline of Baseline Survey

Schedule 1. Briefing for the survey assistants:

August 30, 2014 (10:30 -11:00)

2. Survey implementation

September 1, 2014 (9:30 - 15:30)

September 2, 2014 (9:00 - 14:00)

3. Survey results analysis

September 3, 2014 (9:30 - 10:30)

Target areas/ households 70 randomly sampled households at Freshwota 1-6:

7 samples at Freshwota 1, 15 samples at Freshwota 2, 14

samples at Freshwota 3, 20 samples at Freshwota 4, 7

samples at Freshhwota 5, 7 samples at Freshwota 6

Survey interviewers Roger Tari (Port Vila Municipality)

Touasi Tiwok (DEPC)

Berry George (Port Vila Municipality)

Brian Robert (Wan Smol Bag)

Mayuka Kozawa (JICA volunteer/ DEPC)

Akihiro Osada (JICA expert)

Lilgai Laliet (JICA project assistant)

Christine Buasi (Survey assistant)

Cindy George (Survey assistant)

Joana Philip (Survey assistant)


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2. Sampled households

The households were randomly selected on site, and the characteristic of the sampled

households was shown in Table 2.

The gender balance was taken into consideration during the selection of the households.

Since the income was sometimes difficult to answer directly, the range of high/middle/low level

was provided as optional answers, respectively more than 20,000 vatu/ 10,000-20,000 vatu/ less

than 10,000 vatu per fortnight; however, it should be noted that the answer still tends to be

subjective rather than objective.

Table 2: Characteristic of sampled households

Sex Male 46%

Female 54%

Age 17-65 years old (average 41 years old)

Income level High income (more than 20,000 vatu/fortnight): 14%

Middle income (10,000- 20,000 vatu/fortnight): 16%

Low income (less than 10,000 vatu/fortnight): 70%

3. Summary of the survey results

The summary of the survey results is shown in Table 3. The main findings are as follows:

There was a difference between the answer and the actual condition on solid waste

management: Every household answers “important”.

Most of the people have already practiced separation, but how they discharge the waste was

not good in a proper way.

All the dry leaves tend to be burnt at each household.

Waste collection at Freshwota 5 & 6 seems to have less frequency of waste collection.

Most of the people agreed to waste separation at source, but they seemed not to practice so

well.

Waste collection at the narrow street has been missed.

The public awareness on solid waste management seems to be low; it was difficult for them

to answer the questions on solid waste management.

Most people has backyard and practiced at Freshwota 6.

Most people doesn’t have backyard and have small property or rent a land at Freshwota 3

& 4; few people practice compost.

They don’t organize clean up; the areas look dirtier Freshwota 1, 5 &6.


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They have youths to clean up streets, and the areas are cleaner at Fresh 2,3 & 4

Most people know how to use organic waste but not sure about the exact methods to make

composting.

More people recently started to settle down at Freshwota 5 &6, which are new sub division

(around 2003-2004). There was an old Municipal dumpsite at Freshwota 5 (- 1993).

Generally the income level is low-middle at Freshwota 1-6. Freshwota 1-4 has middle

income; Freshwota 5-6 has low income.

Table 3: Summary of survey results

Question Answer (household) (%)

How Important is Waste Management to You

and Your Household?

Very important 30 43%

Important 36 51%

A little important 4 6%

Do Port Vila Municipal Council Collect Waste

from Your Household?

Yes 57 83%

No 12 17%

If (Yes), Frequency of Collection per Week? Once 41 72%

Twice 14 25%

Three times 2 3%

If (b), what Do You Do with Waste Not

Collected by PVMC?

Burying 3 6%

Burning 45 88%

Backyard open dumping 2 4%

Take myself to dumpsite 1 2%

What Disposal Method Do You use for Your

Household Waste?

Pre-paid bags 9 20

Trash bags 32 71

Trash bins 1 2

Cardboard boxes 0 0

Other bags 3 7

Do you know about organic or green waste

composting?

Yes 49 70%

No 21 30%

If the Answer is (Yes), Do You Practice

Backyard Composting?

Yes 33 67%

No 16 33%

If the Answer is (No), Do You ever Try

Backyard Composting?

Yes 0 0%

No 21 100%

Do You know about Recycle Corp Collecting

Aluminum Cans and Steel cans?

Yes 43 62%

No 26 38%


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Does Recycle Corp Collect these Items from

your Household?

Yes 7 16%

No 38 84%

Do You Bring these Items to Recycle Corp? Yes 11 24%

No 34 76%

Chapter 2 Cage Installation and Monitoring

I. Cage Installation and Monitoring

1. Freshwota 4

The pilot project was officially launched on November 10, 2014. After the launching

program, one set of cages for aluminum and steel cans were installed in front of the shop at

Freshwota 4 on November 11, 2014.

The cages were prepared and donated by a hardware shop, Wilco. The estimated cost was

48,000 vatu for 2 sets of cages. The signboards were ordered to a printing company, Top

Sign, and paid by J-PRISM with the cost of 20,000 vatu for 2 sets of signs. The size of each

aluminum and steel cage was 1m x 1m x 1m.

The cages were regularly monitored by the Freshwota 4 community and the J-PRISM. The

monitoring was done based on the monitoring sheet, which was prepared by the J-PRISM.

The monitoring items were as follows:

1) Waste separation is properly done in the cages?

2) Cage is properly managed without any damage?

3) The surrounding of the cages is clean without scattering waste?

4) How is the amount of aluminum cans?

5) How is the amount of steel cans?

Question 1) - 3) were assessed by 4 indicators: G = Good, F = Fair, P = Poor, B = Bad.

Question 4) - 5) were described as the number of cans or %. In addition to the above

questions, the observation from the monitoring persons was noted in the sheet.


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The records of the monitoring were shown in Table 1. According to the monitoring results,

the cages were maintained in a relatively proper manner by the community without any

damages. It was observed that there was some confusion between aluminum and steel cans,

which caused some cans mixed in the cages. It would be necessary to raise awareness on the

appropriate can separation, such as to put some signs on the cages.

The observation from the J-PRISM was shown in Table 2.

Monitoring

date Persons in charge

Question

1

Question

2

Question

3

1 12/11/2014 Berry, Osada Fair Good Good

2 21/11/2014 Berry, Elizabeth, Numakura Fair Good Good

3 05/12/2014 Berry, Elizabeth Fair Good Good

4 15/12/2015 Berry, Numakura Fair Good Good



7 29/01/2015 Berry, Numakura Fair Good Good

Monitoring

date Observation

1 12/11/2014 There are some aluminum cans in the other cage.

The community members are not doing the monitoring.

2 21/11/2014 Area is clean but there are some steel cans inside some plastic bags

on the roads.

3 05/12/2014 No monitoring was done by the community.

4 15/12/2015 Cage is in a good condition, but only the cans are not well

separated.

5 23/12/2014 The cage is almost full and we have to contact Recycle Corp after

Christmas Celebration

6 08/01/2015 The person next yard wants the cage to be removed from this place,

because it cause too much smell and bring flies.


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Figure 1: Amount of cans collected by the Freshwota 4

According to the Figure 1, the aluminum and steel cans were collected at the almost same

pace. One month after the cage installation, the cages got full. Once the cages got full on

December 23, 2014, the J-PRISM made a contact to Recycle Corp. They bought the

collected cans on January 15, 2015. There was a delay on the collection by Recycle Corp,

because of the Christmas holidays.

2. Freshwota 1

The records of the monitoring were shown in Table 3. According to the monitoring results,

the cages were maintained in a proper manner by the community without any damages.

Compared with the cages installed at Freshwota 4, the aluminum and steel cans were

separated clearly and almost no mixed cans were found in both cages. This is partly because

some residents at Freshwota 1 have experiences to work at Recycle Corp, recyclable

collection companies and had backgrounds of waste segregation, which has contributed to

the clear separation of cans.

Another point to be mentioned is the size of the community. Since the Freshwota 1 is

relatively small, it was easier to organize the community activities than in Freshwota 4,

which has larger population.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

4. How is the amount of aluminum cans? (%)

5. How is the amount of steel cans? (%)


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The observation from the J-PRISM was shown in Table 4.

They collected a lot of cans within the first two weeks after the cage installation, and the

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

4. How is the amount of aluminum cans? (%)

5. How is the amount of steel cans? (%)

Monitoring

date Persons in charge

Question

1

Question

2

Question

3

1 05/12/2014 Berry, Elizabeth, Numakura Good Good Good

2 15/12/2015 Berry, Numakura Good Good Good



5 29/01/2015 Berry, Numakura Good Good Good

Monitoring

date Observation

1 08/01/2015 They are doing the monitoring, and their separation of cans is good,

because most of people in the community have worked at the

Recycle Corp.

2 29/01/2015 The area is clean, and the community members are doing the

monitoring.


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cage got full one month after the installation. As is the same as Freshwota 4, the J-PRISM

called Recycle Corp, and they bought the cans on January 15, 2015, Recycle Corps.

II. Sales of Cans

The sales of cans are shown in Table 5. As of January, 2015, the unit price for the sales of

aluminum and steel cans were respectively 40 and 2 vatu/kg. In March, 2015, Recycle Corp

stopped buying the steel cans, even though they accept steel cans without any payment.

Seles Date

Aluminum cans Steel cans Total

sales

(vatu)

Notes Amount

(kg)

Unit

price

(vatu)

Sales

(vatu)

Amount

(kg)

Unit

price

(vatu)

Sales

(vatu)

15/01/2015 36 40 1,440 83 2 166 1,606 Freshwota 4

15/01/2015 57 40 2,280 93 2 186 2,466 Freshwota 1

10/03/2015 57 40 2,280 93 2 186 2,466 Freshwota 4

Total


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Chapter 3 Establishment of Environment & Waste Management

Committee

In order to enhance the ownership of the community as well as the sustainability, the

environment and waste management committees were established in Freshwota 1 & 4. The roles

of the committees were as follows:

To monitor the amount of collected cans and the cage conditions

To contact the Recycle Corp when the cage is full of cans

To manage the money from the sales of cans

Main Committee

Chairman/ President

Finance Committee

(3 members)

Secretary

Treasurer

Monitoring Committee

(3 members)

3 Committee members

J-PRISM

Monitoring


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Chapter 4 Evaluation

1. Outline of the Evaluation

The evaluation was conducted by 4 interviewers including one survey assistant hired by

J-PRISM. The purpose of the evaluation was to assess the results from the pilot project, and to

identify the lessons learnt, which will contribute the future possibility to promote recycling

system. Based on the questionnaire results, the pilot project was evaluated. The results are

shown as follows:

Table : Outline of Evaluation Survey

Schedule 1. Survey implementation

June 19, 2015 (8:30 - 15:00)

Target areas/ households 51 randomly sampled households at Freshwota 1 & 4:

25 samples at Freshwota 1, 26 samples at Freshwota 4

Survey interviewers Roger Tari (Port Vila Municipality)

Berry George (Port Vila Municipality)

Yukari Kurimoto (JICA volunteer/ DEPC)

Akihiro Osada (JICA expert)

Ronnie John (Survey assistant)

2. Results of the Evaluation

The results of evaluation are shown as follows:

i) Freshwota 1



and Your Household?


Important 0 0%




Yes 25 100%

No 0 0%

Do you know about the pilot project for

aluminum cans and steel cans?

Yes 22 88%

No 3 12%


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Do you contribute in putting cans into the

cage?

Yes 24 96%

No 1 4%

Do you want the practice (collecting

aluminum cans and steel cans in the cage) to

continue?

Yes 25 100%

No 0 0%

Do you think this project is good for your

community?

Yes 25 100%

No 0 0%

ii) Freshwota 4



and Your Household?


Important 7 27%




Yes 21 81%

No 5 19%

Do you know about the pilot project for

aluminum cans and steel cans?

Yes 20 77%

No 6 23%

Do you contribute in putting cans into the

cage?

Yes 23 88%

No 3 12%

Do you want the practice (collecting

aluminum cans and steel cans in the cage) to

continue?

Yes 25 96%

No 1 4%

Do you think this project is good for your

community?

Yes 26 100%

No 0 0%


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1. How important is waste management to you and your household?

2. Does Recycle Corp Collect these Items from your Household?

62%

100%

81%

38%

0%

19%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

BEFORE(Sep. 2014)

AFTER(Freshwota 1)(Jun. 2015)

AFTER(Freshwota 4)(Jun. 2015)

No

Yes

43%

51%

6%

Very important Important

A little important

100%

0%0%

Very important Important

A little important

BEFORE (Sep. 2014) AFTER (FRESHWOTA 1) (Jun. 2015) AFTER (FRESHWOTA 4) (Jun. 2015)


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Chapter 5 Lessons Learnt/ Suggestions

Lessons learnt through this pilot project are as follows:

1. Size of target areas

The size of target areas should be determined with the consideration that the community

activities can be organized smoothly.

During the evaluation it was found out that the cages at communities would be better for a small

target area. Since Freshwota 4 is a very big area, not everyone contributed to putting cans into

the cage. In this area it is recommended to put the cages such as small communities, so that they

can easily manage their own committee and small money they earn from the cans sale. If you

choose a bigger target site, it might be more difficult to control the activities. Especially, the

community is expected to manage the money from the sales of cans, and the size of target areas

should be carefully considered.

2. Monitoring

It was found out that the cages were rarely damaged through the monitoring by the community,

which shows that the community can look after anything that belongs to the community. The

regular monitoring also provided the J-PRISM with the useful information and helped to get the

feedback from the community members.

3. Public awareness

Once the cage was installed, the community members were so quick to collect the cans. While

cans collection was easy, some aluminum and steel cans were discharged in a mix way.

Sometimes people just can’t take a moment to read signs or writing on a sign board. When they

saw the cage and the cans they just go and drop in the cans thinking they have done it well, but

actually they did it wrong in not knowing they have dropped in the wrong cans to the opposite

cage. So the public awareness should be strengthened in the community.

At the same time, as the side effect it was observed that some shops and kava bars started the

cans collection by themselves, by which the cans separation was effectively and autonomously

expanded.

4. Environmental committee


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An environmental committee is important to be set up at each zone, in order to clarify the

responsibilities of communities and to sustain the whole management including the sales from

cans. The committee can also be a focal point to the Port Vila Municipality and Recycle Corp.

5. Recycle Corp

In this project, one recyclable collection company played a vital role. Recycle Corp has to

collect the cans when the community calls for them to collected, because the people tend to lose

patient and stop doing the separation, if the cans are not collected and sold. In this context, the

close involvement of Recycle Corp is extremely important.


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Chapter 6 Expansion plan

Based on the lessons learnt mentioned in the Chapter 4, the following expansion plan can be

considered as the Figure below.

Phase 2 is to expand the target areas including the supermarkets and shops, utilizing the lessons

learnt. Approximately 10 cages will be installed in Phase 2.

Phase 3 is to establish the system of can collection in Port Vila. If more locations are identified,

the cages will be set up in Phase 3.

1st Month 2nd Month 3rd Month 4th Month 5th Month 6th Month 7th Month1 Identification of target locations2 Arrangement with stakeholders3 Preparation of cages4 Installation of cages5 Implementation6 Monitoring1 Analysis of Phase 22 Arrangement with stakeholders3 Preparation of cages4 Installation of cages5 Implementation6 Monitoring

Phas

e 2

Phas

e 3


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Attachment

Attachment 1: Questionnaire of the baseline survey

Attachment 2: Results of the baseline survey

Attachment 3: Form of environment and waste management committee

Attachment 4: Questionnaire for evaluation


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Attachment 1: Questionnaire of the baseline survey


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Attachment 2: Results of the baseline survey

The questions No. 8-18 are related to the public concerns on solid waste management, and the

results of the survey were shown below. The figure inside the pie graph indicate the number

of households.

Q. 8 How important is waste management to you and your household?

Q.9 What are your priority environmental issues?

(Waste management in general)

Waste management is one of my priorities on environmental issues.

Rubbish spoils our environment.

Waste management is a very important issue in the environment as a whole so

keeping the environment clean at all times satisfies everyone.

Rubbish is everywhere and we still burn rubbish so there is no good opinion on

waste management.

(Keeping the environment clean)

Clean environment in individual homes, as well as public areas.

Empty cans to be placed at the right place.

Everyone should maintain to keep the environment clean.

We think everyone should clean their own areas.

Keep environment clean at all times. Scattered house in yards needs to clean their

backyards.

Yards must be clean at all times because I have concern on people who dispose

their rubbish all over the place so they need to manage their own waste.

Most of the areas around Port Vila is not cleaned enough.

30

36

4

Very important Important A little important


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(Separation of waste)

Separation of waste helps clean the area.

Separating waste is very important.

(Proper allocation of bins)

Households to buy rubbish bins.

(Clean-up activities)

They have set up a cleaning up association so they want everyone to keep the

environment clean at all times.

(Others)

Scrap metal is a very big concern.

PVMC to collect waste twice a week so we have the areas cleaned up every week.

We want PVMC to collect rubbish in all municipal areas.

Q.10 Do Port Vila Municipal Council collect waste from your household?

Q.10.1 If (Yes), frequency of collection per week?

57

12

Yes No

41

14

2

Once Twice Three times


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Q.10.2 If (No), then who collects the waste from your household?

Q.10.3 What do you do with waste not collected by PVMC?

Q.11 What disposal method do you use for your household waste?

11

7

Private company No collection at all

3

45

2

1

Burying Burning Backyard open dumping Take myself to dumpsite

9

32

1 3

Pre‐paid bags Trash bags Trash bins Cardboard boxes Other bags


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Q.12 Do you know about organic or green waste composting?

Q.12.1 If the Answer is (Yes), do you practice backyard composting?

Q.12.2 If the Answer is (No), do you ever try backyard composting?

49

21

Yes No

33

16

Yes No

21

Yes No


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Q.13 Do you know about Recycle Corp collecting aluminum cans and steel cans?

Q.13.1 Does Recycle Corp collect these items from your household?

Q.13.2 Do you bring these items to Recycle Corp?

Q.13.3 How often do you bring these items to Recycle Corp?

43

26

Yes No

7

38

Yes No

11

34

Yes No

1

2

8

Once a week Once a month Once a year


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Q.14 Do you know about the Bouffa disposal site?

Q.15 What would you like PVMC to address regarding its waste management system in

terms of waste collection system and other waste minimization techniques such as 3R’s

(Reduce, Reuse and Recycle)?

(Waste collection service)

PVMC should carry out effective collection service.

PVMC to work effectively on waste collection system because dogs drag waste bags

all over the place.

We want PVMC to collect rubbish according to their schedule.

PVMC to work effectively according to their schedule and a proper collection vehicle

to service around Port Vila.

PVMC has been doing a good job however could improve their collection service.

PVMC to inform or update community about servicing individual homes to collect

garbage bags because sometimes they pass by but no rubbish to collect.

(Composting)

Would like to know more useful information about compost so it can be carried out

effectively in my household. And also that PVMC should carry out effective collection

service.

PVMC to demonstrate a sample of how to produce compost.

(Waste separation)

It is better for PVMC to install a cage, divided in 3 different rooms for waste

separation.

PVMC to demonstrate a sample of how to separate waste.

62

7

Yes No


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(Awareness activities)

Conduct a community awareness and PVMC to set up separation at source.

Awareness on waste management and also that PVMC to collect rubbish on time.

PVMC to conduct an awareness on waste minimization.

Community awareness concerning waste management system and waste minimization

techniques.

Currently very limited understanding on how to separate waste however municipal is

encouraged to remove rubbish.

(Others)

PVMC should encourage recycling and improve waste collection system.

PVMC to explain about the yellow plastic concerning the property tax.

PVMC to address the waste management system since they have set up a cleaning

association.

PVMC to discourage burning of plastic bags but encourage households to use yellow

bags for waste disposal.

PVMC should encourage recycling as it helps keeping the yard free from mosquitoes

breeding.

Increase service collection and provide green wheely bins because careless dogs

sometimes tear plastic bags.

Q.17 What is your opinion on waste separation at source?

(Agree)

I think it is ia good idea so it helps keep the environment clean and also that it

reduces waste to be collected.

Waste separation should be practiced at each households to reduce waste that will

be collected.

Organic & Green waste compost to be carried out effectively as well. Interviewee

suggests that PVMC to buy aluminum cans from households because they can't

afford to pay for bus fare to Recycle Corp.

It is a good idea to separate waste to make it easier for PVMC to collect garbage

bags.

Waste separation is extremely important to be considered. Food peels to be


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separated into compost.

Everyone to practice waste separation.

Separation at source will be very good and make people aware that separation at

source is a good idea or method that we should all practice because it is helpful

and easier.

Waste separation is a good idea because it improves gardening composting.

Best method to be used because it is easy.

Waste separation is the best way to get rid of waste since it is easy, accessible and

free. This helps keep the environment clean at all times and free of mosquitoes

breeding in empty cans.

I personally think it is a very good idea and also we must let out children learn to

do this.

(Others)

In my household, waste seperation has to be carried out effectively since PVMC

delays on their service of waste collection.

Freshwota 3 have set up an association on working together to practice waste

separation method.

Q.18 Any other observation by the Interviewer?

(Interests/ Understanding on waste)

The interview was short and clear since the interviewee understood the survey

questions.

The interview was interesting to hear opinions given from this household and also that

the household needed resourceful information on waste separation (aluminum cans,

compost etc..)

Interviewing at this household was good and the interviewee shows understanding

from the survey questions.

The interviewee seems to disagree with waste separation method since she doesn't

apply the method in her yard.

The interviewee didn't understand some of the survey questions.

(Waste separation)

This household needs advice on how to separate waste.


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They need to place rot irons, light bulbs and broken toilet pole at the right place.

Burning is the only method of waste minimization that they practice but they do not

know about other ways of separating waste.

Low knowledge in waste separation for this household.

(Composting)

This household practise the composting method in their bakcyard but they are eager to

learn the waste separation method.

Gardening compost used with food scraps to plant yam.

The households practice waste separation but there is not enough space in the yard to

do compost.

They do compost in the neighbouring yard because there is not enough space.

There is compost in this yard.

Yard is too small to produce a compost.

(Collection service)

PVMC delays to collect waste in their area so as the interviewer i think also that they

should improve their service better.

(Awareness activities)

The people living in this household probably need awareness on waste separation.

The interviewee understands the questions well but suggested that they need PVMC to

make an awareness on yellow plastic bags.

(Cleanness)

The yard is clean and they place waste at their proper place.

The interviewee’s yard was clean and he practices 3Rs and separation at source.

The area where the interviewee lives is clean. She understands the survey questions

well.

(Burning of waste)

Burning of leaves is done in this yard but lack of knowledge in composting.

This household burns every waste together.

This yard is clean and there is a proper site for burning waste (dry leaves).

Burning every kinds of rubbish along the road which is not good so they should start

the waste separation method


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Attachment 3: Form of environment and waste management committee


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Attachment 4: Environment and waste management committee

The environment and waste committees were established as follows:

1. Freshwota 1

Item Roles Contact

A. Main committee Chairman/ President: John Boheng

Secretary: Lingban Abel Dick

Treasurer: Christophe Malessy

B. Members Kiki Felix

Andrew Staki

Joel Andre

C. Monitoring committee Roberty Sami

Lingban Abel Dick

Kapalu Texton

D. Finance committee Joseph Willie

John Warren

Christoph Malessy

2. Freshwota 4

Item Roles Contact

A. Main committee Chairman/ President: Mme Marie Laloyor

Vice Chairman: Chief Ken Hivo

Secretary: Balwin Joseph

Vice Secretary: Marie Harry

Treasurer: Massing Diego

Vice Treasurer: Serra Api

B. Members Chief Massing Maki

Mine Matiloa Nooulo

Stiven Songi

Grem Malon

C. Monitoring committee Chief Ken Hivo

Chief Massing Maki


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Item Roles Contact

Grem Malon

Jean Marc James

Rolland Moruk

D. Finance committee Massing Diego

Serria Api

Marie Laloyer


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Attachment 5: Questionnaire for evaluation

Evaluation Form for Aluminum/ Steel Cans Collection Area______________________________

Male / Female

Age group: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60+

Q1. How important is waste management to you and your household?

a. Very important b. Important c. A little important d. No importance

Q2 Do You know about Recycle Corp Collecting Aluminum Cans and Steel cans? Yes No

Q3. Do you know about the pilot project for aluminum cans and steel cans? Yes No

Q4. Do you contribute in putting cans into the cage? Yes No

Q5. This project was a pilot project and the cage was handed over. Do you want the practice (collecting

aluminum cans and steel cans in the cage) to continue? Yes No

Q6. What do you think of the size of the cage?

a) Big

b) Enough

c) Small

d) Other_______________________________

Q7. Looking after the cage and advocating community members is an important part of the practice. Who do

you think is responsible for the cage and monitoring?

a) PVMC

b) Community

c) JICA

d) Chiefs

e) Youths

f) Other _________________________________

Q8. Do you think this project is good for your community? Yes No

Q8.1 If Yes... In what way?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q8.2. If No… why?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q9. What are the benefits from the project for the community?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q10. Any other comments

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________


Attachment C-10 Memorandum of Understanding for Can Separation System

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDINGFOR ATUMINUM AND STEEL CANS COLLECTION SYSTEM

AMONG FRESHWOTA 1&4, RECYCLE CORP, PORT V|LA MUNTCTPAUW

This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is entered into by Freshwota L & 4 (the

"Community'',hereafter), Recycle Corp (the "Company'', hereafter) and Port VilaMunicipality {the " Municipality" , hereafter) for the purpose of establishing thepartnership among the part ies.

The purpose of this agreement is to foster effective and efficient relationship toestablish a sustainable waste collection system of aluminum and steelccrns.

The Cornmunity hereby provides necessary support for the successful outcomes ofthis act ivi ty. The Cornmunity shal l :

Be responsible to rnaintain the cages provided, and protect against any acts of

vandal ism for the cages.Monitor the condit ions of waste separat ion in the cages, at least once a week(aluminum cans/steel cans are only discharged in the cages).Report the monitor ing,results to the Municipal i ty at least once a month, and i f the

Community f inds sonrething wrong with the cages, the Community shal l cal l theMunic ipa l i ty wi th in one day.Inforrnr the Municipal i ty or the Company, when the cage is ful l with aluminum/

steel cans.Utilize the sale from alurninum/ steel cans for the community benefits, securing

the transparency, and keep records of how the money was util ized.

The Company hereby provides necessary support for the successful outcomes of this

act ivi ty. The Company shal l :

1. Provide vehicles for aluminumlsteel cans, when the Company is inforrned by the

Comrnunity or the Municipal i ty that the cage is ful l .

L

2.

3 .

4.

q

2. Provide the support to the Community and Municipal i ty for publ ic awarenessactivity, when requested.

The Municipality hereby provides necessary support for the successfut outcomes ofthis act ivi ty. The Municipal i ty shal l :

1'. Monitor the conditions of waste separation in the cages, at least twice a month(aluminunn/ steel cans shal l only be discharged in the cages).

2. Organize publ ic awareness to the Community on the terms and condit ionsrequired by the Company.

ln case either of the parties does not comply with the terms of the agreement, thenthe complying party shal l br ing this to the notice of the non-compil ing party forremedy. Should the sl tuat ion continue after this, then the agreement shal l becomeinval id .

This agreernent is entered into for the duration of the one yedr - from December 14,2015 to December 13, 2016- and may be modified at any time by the agreementamong the Cornmunity, the Company and the Municipal i ty.

December 14,203.5

FRESHWOTA 4:

Signature:

RECYCTE CORP:

Signature:

PORT VltA MUNICIPALII!-"_.."- . *.< n..# G&...r,-

POR T VILA I$UNICIPAL CCI'IICII

,{-L q^Name: Anrl>rw+ *_Oo,*u;ritte: ,R'aae;aR..Telephone: ff+f l*?

TOWN CtfRl(


Attachment C-11 Memorandum of Understanding for Market Composting

System

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FORMARKET WASTE COMPOSTING SYSTEM BETWEEN

VANUATU DIRECT AND PORT VILA MUNICIPALIW/CENTRAL MARKET

This memorandum of understanding is entered for the purpose of establishingthe partnership between the vanuatu Direct (the,,compoDy',, hereafler) and thePort Vila MunicipaIity/ centraI Market (the "MunicipaIity',, hereafter).

The purpose of this agreement is to foster effective and efficient relationship toestabf ish the market waste composting system through the utilization of organicwaste produced at the Central Mdrket.

The Company will provide the necessary support for the successful outcomes ofthe activity. The Company shall:

1. Monitor the conditions of waste separation, when receiving the waste atVanuatu Direct.

2. Report the monitoring results to the Municipality at feast once a month; ifthe Company'finds something wrong with the separation, the Companyshall cal l the Municipali ty within one day.

The Municipality hereby provides ne€essary support for the success of the activity.The Municipali ty shall :

1. Allocate organic waste collection vehicles for the Central Market. lf theMunicipali ty cannot prepare necessary vehicles by themselves, theMunicipality shall arrange necessary vehicles from the Company or anyother private waste collectors.

2, Monitor waste separation at the Central Market.

3. Record the number of trips on a daily basis, using a,monitoring form.4. Organize public awareness at the Central Maiket at least twice a week.

Neither party shall be liable for the consequences of failure or delay in theperformance of its obligations, if such failure or such a delay are resulting fromForce Majeure such is defined in the Vanuatu Act, including: strike, lockout, fire,war, disturbances civi l ians, cyclone, f loods etc.

This agreement is entered into for the duration of one year- from December 9,2075 to December 8, 2076- and may be modified at any time by mutualagreement.

Vanuatu Direct Central MarketManager ManagerSignature Signature _{' ,

4lr/tfu 4ry. UQ 1 l , \n--: \c+ J r.*"'L|

Name \- ) ^ r , r > )

Town ClerkSignature

ruamef FM W 7LLr.e Name rtilbnZQ f1nrelephone I ? &,*r to ' reraphone lTb7I77. rerephone )Z I l3


Attachment C-12 Review of Progress of Bouffa Sanitary Landfill

Development and Operations Plan 2015

Department of Environment and Pollution Control (DEPC)

Port Vila Municiplaity (PVMC)

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)



on Solid Waste Management in Pacific Island Countries (J-PRISM)

Review of Progress of

Bouffa Sanitary Landfill Development and Operations

Plan 2015

July 2015

Port Vila, Vanuatu


Port Vila, Vanuatu

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ i

Chapter 1. Background ............................................................................................................. 1

Chapter 2. Development Plan Contents ................................................................................... 2

Chapter 3. Plan Implementation Schedule Review ................................................................... 8


Port Vila, Vanuatu

1

Chapter 1. Background

Under the J-PRISM Project the Counterparts are scheduled to update the solid waste

management plan of Port Vila Municipality which was prepared in 2006. The Bouffa Sanitary

Landfill is an important component of the plan and therefore it was necessary to review and

evaluate the present conditions.

Review of the disposal conditions was implemented during the last few months of 2014.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

2

Chapter 2. Development Plan Contents

The review was conducted on the basis of the discussions held within the project team at the site

and in the office, and the analysis of data collected from incoming waste vehicles surveys

implemented during the last few months.

(1) Project Team Initial Concept Plan

In 2012 the following concept plan was developed by the project team as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Concept Plan


Port Vila, Vanuatu

3

The plan called for constructing new landfill cells and introducing recycling and incineration

facilities.

By 2014 nothing had been implemented of the development plan and its contents were once

more reviewed by the project team. Some issues to the 2012 plan were highlighted as shown in

Figure 2-2.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

4

Figure 2-2 Review of the 2012 Concept Plan

As there was not too much time left in the project life and the financing for the proposed facilities

had never been determined in terms of amounts and sources, the project team decided to

concentrate on the construction of new cells and the required leachate system for them.

(2) Concept Plan developed in 2014

The revised plan was prepared as shown in Figure 2-3. Two new cells were proposed adjacent

and to the rear of the present disposal area (in 2014). In addition some machinery was proposed

to be procured for improving the leachate treatment system (pump, generator and aerator).


Port Vila, Vanuatu

5

Figure 2-3 Design for Cells C and D

Main Leachate Pipes 94 meter

Branch Leachate Pipes 247 meter

Vertical Vent Pipes 15 units

Leachate closed pipes 60 meter

Existing Disposal Area

Tipping Areas A and B and existing

pipes

Existing Leachate Pond

40 m

65 m

A-A

Existing Disposed wasteTipping Area A

A-A

(0.0m)

(2.8m)


Port Vila, Vanuatu

6

The required materials were estimated as shown in the BOQ in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 Bill of Quantities

(3) Proposed Revisions in April 2015 (after Cyclone Pam)

Due to the large amount of disaster wastes brought to Bouffa in the wake of the cleanup that

followed cyclone Pam, and the difficulties to operate the site properly in terms of placing,

compacting and covering the disaster wastes at the time, some revisions were made and a

revised development plan was prepared. Areas where allocated for disposing of disaster waste.

(4) Bouffa Landfill Incoming Waste Records

Originally it was planned to install a weighbridge at the entrance of Bouffa landfill in order to keep

a record of incoming waste. However due to lack of electricity supply to the site, it was decided

instead to develop a manual recording system for the incoming waste.

The daily records for February 2015 were input into MS Excel and the data was analyzed in order

to obtain the total waste amount arrivals, the areas of generation, the waste categories and the

share that PVMC transported by its own collection trucks.

Based on the analysis it was found that on average 58 tons of municipal solid waste are

generated in PVMC and immediately adjacent rural areas and 32 tons are brought to the disposal

No. Item Specification Quantity Unit

1 Main Leachate Pipes PVC Pipe D 400 94 meter

2 Branch Leachate Pipes PVC Pipe D 200 247 meter

3 Vertical Vent Pipes PVC Pipe D 200 15 units

4 Leachate closed pipes PVC Pipe D 400 60 meter

5 Elbow pipes (connecting

gas vents with branch pipes)

PVC Pipe D 200 9 units

6 Junction boxes Concrete box (@ 80cm x 80cm x

60cm ht, with thickness of 15cm)

with steel reinforcement mesh.

6 units

7 Concrete bed for pond 6m x 1.5m x 15 cm thickness 4.5 m3

8 Gate monitoring office 3.0 meter x 3.0 meter x 2.5 meter ht. 1 LS

2 Windows (Iron-barred glass)

Door (steel door)

Desk and Chair

RC Column (4 corners)


Port Vila, Vanuatu

7

site. Therefore, as the collecting is improved more waste is expected to arrive at the site. Bearing

this amount in mind, the following operational improvement aspects were included in the annual

plan for 2015.

Incoming trucks vehicle operating records

Improved soil cover application

Extend gas vents in cells A and B

Maintain heavy equipment records


Port Vila, Vanuatu

8

Chapter 3. Plan Implementation Schedule Review

The implementation schedule that was developed by the team and the actual implementation

progress are shown in the following table.

Activities 2015

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A. DEVELOPMENT WORKS

1) Bouffa Expansion Plan

1.1) Cell C construction

1.2) Cell D construction

2) Leachate treatment equipment procurement

3) Office space renovation

4) Improvement of temporary works area

B. OPERATION WORKS

5) Incoming vehicles recording system

6) Improved soil cover application

7) Gas vents installation in Cells A and B

8) Heavy equipment operations records

9) General site-clean up works

C. POST CYCLONE PAM

10) Remove bulky wastes from the site

Legend: (1) Plan schedule

(2) Actual progress

The review of the implementation progress shows that the works are behind schedule. It may be

difficult to procure the leachate treatment equipment originally proposed.


Attachment C-13 Report of Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan

Workshop

1

ACTIVITY REPORT ON WORKSHOP FOR PROVINCIAL OFFICERS ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

1. Background

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is becoming increasingly important as the habits of the people

change and consumption increases. Also the effect of natural disasters, such as the large amount

of disaster wastes created by Cyclone Pam highlights the importance of having a sustainable

SWM system in place.

Under the Waste Management Act no. 24 for 2014, which became effective 26th June 2014, the

municipal and provincial authorities are required to submit annual municipal and provincial

waste management plans. On the municipal level, plans have already been prepared by Port Vila

(2008) and Luganville (2013) and Lenakel (2015) is drafting its plan. On the provincial level

only Sanma Province (2013) has developed its solid waste management plan.

Output 3 of J-PRISM focuses on enhancing the capacities for waste management at the national

and local government levels. The two indicators adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of

implementing the activities under this output are increasing the understanding of relevant

provincial officers on the importance of waste minimization, and developing a manual for the

SWM master plan preparation.

Considering this background the J-PRISM team proposes to work with the related provincial

officers during the months of June and July, 2015. The main feature of this work will be to

convene a workshop in early July focusing on supporting the efforts of the provincial officers to

deal with waste management and introducing them to the J-PRISM activities in PVMC and

VSA activities in Luganville and Lenakel.

2. Objectives

The objectives of the workshop are as threefold;

(1) Identify the SWM issues faced by the provinces

(2) Introduce the SWM activities of PVMC, LMC and Lenakel to the other provinces

(3) Develop a template for preparing the SWM plans at the province level

2

3. Agenda of Workshop 3.1 Workshop First Day (July 6, 2015)

SN Time Subject Responsible person

MC: Roger

1 08:30 – 09:00 Registration Berry

2 09:00 – 09:15 J-PRISM Welcome / Agenda confirmation

Special remarks

Trinison

Jean Pierre

3 09:15 – 10:30 (1) Objectives of the Workshop

(2) Municipal SWM plans in PVMC and LMC

(3) Efforts in Waste Minimization

(4) Efforts in Landfill Improvement

Osada

Rex, Ray

Berry

Amos

10:30 – 10:45 Tea & Coffee break

4 10:45 – 12:00 Provincial Officers Panel Discussion

1) Brief explanation on SWM in each province (6

provinces)

2) Officers discussion on SWM issues facing the

province and the requirements from national

government and donors to develop and implement

realistic SWM plans

Facilitator:

Carol, Roger, Riad

5 12:00 – 12:30 Panel Summation and Recommendations Provincial Officers

12:30 – 13:30 Lunch and Refreshments

6 13:30 – 16:00 Field Visits:

1) Market and Rainbow Garden

2) Freshwota cages and Recycling Corp

3) Bouffa landfill site

Roger

Berry

Amos

3

3.1 Workshop Second Day (July 7, 2015)

SN Time Subject Responsible person

Second Day (July 7, 2015) MC: Roger

7 08:30 – 09:00 Registration Berry

8 09:00 – 09:15 Explanation of Morning Activities Osada

9 09:15 – 10:30 Session 1 – Develop the SWM Plan Template Facilitators; Carol,

Roger

10:30 – 10:45 Tea & Coffee Break

10 10:45 – 11:30 Session 2 – Develop the SWM Plan Template Facilitators; Carol,

Roger

11 11:30 – 11:45 Open session to review template (Provincial officers

are encouraged to comment)

Facilitators; Carol,

Roger

12 11:45 – 12:15 Conclusion Trinison

12:15 – 13:30 Lunch

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5

5. Template Developed for Solid Waste Management Plan

The template for solid waste management plan was developed. The provincial officers

discussed and filled in the information below, with the support of J-PRISM counterparts.

4 Waste minimization

4-1 Introduce composting Localities

4-2 Separate metal / aluminum waste Localities

5 ISWM 5-1 Develop controlled disposal site Localities

5-2 Develop semi-aerobic landfill Province/ Locality

5-3 Introduce / Improve collection Locality

6 Provincial Coordination

6-1 Identify Stakeholders Province/ Localities

6-2 Set-up a coordination format Province

7 Public Awareness

7-1 Public awareness campaigns Province / Localities

7-2 SWM Community participation Localities

Conceptual Plan Activities Where? 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 Prepare the SWM By-laws

1-1 SWM By-law Province

1-2 Responsible office for SWM Province

2 Developsustainable financing

2-1 Identify revenues sources Province

2-2 Arrange SWM Account Province

3 Capacity building

3-1 Identify responsible staff Province, localities

3-2 Arrange training programs Province, DEPC

6

6. Minutes of Workshop 6.1 Workshop First Day- Presentation/ Discussion i. Opening

Mr. Roger appreciated the participation of everyone. Mr. Augustine, Penama Province officer,

gave an opening prayer.

ii. J-PRISM Welcome

Mr. Trinison, Acting Director of Department of Environment, thanked for the presence of all the

participants. He also mentioned: This workshop was organized for the provincial officers and by

J-PRISM to discuss the waste management plan. J-PRISM is a 5 year project for solid waste

management, and waste is everyone’s business. Waste is a big issue and this is not an easy

task. We need the support and cooperation from everyone and work together. The Cyclone Pam

also gave the serious damage to our cities, and he would like to acknowledge the work by Port

Vila Municipality. Waste management act and Pollution Control Act were approved, which are

important. Under the Act, waste Management Plans should be prepared, which will be done

during the workshop.

iii. Special Remarks

Mr. Jean Pierre, CEO of Local Authority Association of Vanuatu, appreciated for the

participation from the provinces and municipalities. And by this workshop, he expected the

participants to get the ideas of what is the solid waste management. Mr. John Max, Chaiman of

Local Authority Association of Vanuatu, also added the remakes, appreciating the opportunities

for this workshop.

iv. Objectives

Mr. Osada, JICA Expert, explained about the objectives to the participants.

v. Presentation by Luganville municipality

Mr. Ray, Luganville Municipality Officer, gave the presentation about the solid waste

management activities in Luganville: the process of developing plan and annual waste

characterization survey etc. Waste management plan was signed for 2013-2016 with the

memorandum of understanding.

Mr. Ray explained about the progress of action plans stipulated in their solid waste management

plan: aluminum cans cages and cartridge recycling. He also shared the experiences of Shibushi

City visit, which was utilized for setting up composting bins. Pre-paid red system was

7

introduced. Some issues still exist such as raising awareness on composting, littering, illegal

burning and hiring of a bulldozer etc.

vi. Presentation of Waste Minimization

Mr. Berry, Port Vila Municipality Officer, gave the presentation about the efforts in waste

minimization in Port Vila.

Mr. Berry mentioned: Waste characterization survey was conducted, which gave the basic data

on solid waste management planning, such as the total generation waste in Port Vila. The data

also raised the issues such as nappies. The baseline also helped to understand the current

situation and public awareness. The compost pilot project was conducted to utilize organic

waste for composting. The aluminum and steel cans have been collected with the use of two

cages.

vii. Presentation of Landfill

Mr. Amos, Port Vila Municipality Officer, gave the presentation about the Bouffa landfill.

Mr. Amos explained: Waste flow includes waste discharge, intermediate treatment and

landfilling, in which the prioritization of waste hierarchy should be taken into consideration-

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Mr. Amos also described the roles and functions of landfill, which represents a rubbish bin in a

large scale. 58 ton/day of waste is generated and 32 ton/day of waste is brought to the Bouffa

landfill. He also talked about the history including the expansion of Bouffa landfill with the

scheme of semi-aerobic landfill, which made the Bouffa the best landfill in the Pacific region:

open dumping was applied before; however since 2006, the technical assistance has been

provided by JICA, which introduced semi-aerobic landfill structure.

Mr. Rex, Port Vila Municipality Officer, added that six trucks works for 5 trips, and there are

some issues such as the breakdown of trucks and bad conditions of roads etc. Mr. Riad, JICA

Expert, added that one of the challenges is that all the waste cannot be collected currently, and

the waste characterization survey and incoming vehicles survey helped to analyze the situation.

viii. Q&A

Mr. Palen, Malampa Provincial Officer, said that of the challenges is market waste. The

population growth made the waste increase, and the boundary has also expanded. Public

awareness is another issue to be raised in all the provinces, how you can well educate the people.

He questioned how the collection of rural expanded areas is achieved and what the suitable soil

8

for the landfill is.

Mr. Trinison answered that it was an important point, since the collection is the responsibility of

the government, which has to be tackled with.

Mr. Amos added that in the case of the Bouffa the landfill, the soil is clay; if the soil is lime and

gravel, it can be the risk for the contamination of groundwater, which allows the leachate

penetrate into the groundwater. He also mentioned the clay would be recommended, mentioning

the liner facilities.

Mr. Allan, Tafea Provincial Officer, questioned that what happened to the landfill after filling up,

and what is the leachate produced by the waste.

Mr. Amos answered that you have to ceiling well, and reuse of the land can be available after

15-20 years. The semi-aerobic system promotes the degradation of waste, and makes the land

possible to be used more quickly. Even though the leachate is planned to be recirculated in the

Bouffa landfill, presently it is only stored in the pond.

Mr. Jean mentioned asked how the waste management in Port Vila and in Luganville especially

liquid waste should be, such as septic tanks. He also questioned how insufficient trucks and

fuels caused by the far distance from the City to the landfill can be solved.

Mr. Amos answered that the project basically deals with solid waste; however, actually the

liquid waste is also brought to the landfill, which is separately disposed. He also mentioned that

the proper facilities would be desirable, even though the Bouffa landfill did not have it.

Mr. Rex added that the road condition to the Bouffa landfill is one of the issues.

Mr. Roger, Port Vila Municipality Officer, added that human/financial resources and the

distance between collection and landfill should be taken into consideration. He also mentioned

that the collection stations or transfer station can be a tool to improve the waste collection.

Mr. Riad asked each of six provinces expressed the current conditions of waste management,

going through the questionnaires. He suggested that based on the issues they have, a solid waste

management plan should be prepared.

6.2 Workshop First Day- Site Visit

All the participants visited the Central Market, Freshwota 4 and Bouffa Landfill. The planned

visited to Vanautu Direct was cancelled due to no access road for a large size of bus.

9

6.3 Workshop Second Day- Preparation of Template for Solid Waste Management Plan i. Wrap up of the 1st Day

Mr. Roger gave the brief wrap up of the 1st day activity. Mr. Amos added the explanation about

the mulching, which is the simple way of waste decomposition, while the composting requires

monitoring etc.

Mr. Augustine, Penama Provincial Officer, said that about the Freshwota cages, the provinces

can work for the collection of cans, despite of the price issue. Mr. Roger added that the price can

be flexible, which can affect the sale of recyclables, and the legislation or system can be helpful.

Mr. Berry suggested the private partnership or agreement with the private sectors such as

Vanuatu Direct can be one of the options.

Mr. Aris, Torba Provincial Officer, said that they appreciated for giving the opportunities to get

to know the activities in Port Vila, and he felt eager to control and make the better waste

management.

Mr. Allan introduced the waste characterization survey conducted in 2014 in Tafea Province,

and other activities such as waste storage area and tipping fee.

ii. Explanation of morning activities

Mr. Osada briefly introduced the morning activities.

iii. Template

Mr. Riad explained about the template of a solid waste management plan: Plan should be

realistic and what we can do should be considered, within the resources each province has. He

also said that an uniform template will be applied for solid waste management plan.

Mr. Riad suggested a waste flow, depending on the population and waste amount: waste

collection methods, landfill structure etc. The landfill should be at least 4km away from a

landfill, to avoid bird strike.

Mr. Augustine asked if he can arrange the collection system at an island.

Mr. Riad answered that the plan should include how you can implement, so that it can be more

realistic. He added that a conceptual plan and an annual plan would be prepared, which contains

the topics guided by the National Waste Management Plan. He explained about the contents of

the conceptual plan: 1. Prepare the by-laws, 2. Develop sustainable financing, 3. Capacity

development, 4. Waste minimization, 5. Integrated solid waste management, 6. Provincial

coordination and 7. Public awareness.

10

Mr. Trinison suggested that the provincial coordination should include the private sectors, and

the current laws allow the private contractors to operate the landfill, so that they can make the

better use of the existing resources. Mr. Roger added that youth has a truck, organized the

collection system and they collect, separate and transport the waste to the landfill. Mr. Amos

mentioned that the individual waste collectors have been introduced in some areas of Port Vila.

Mr. Palen said that in the physical planning they identified one proper site for the landfill in

Malampa Province, mentioning that the land requisition is one of the challenges, which also

requires a lot of public awareness. Mr. Steward said that they had a consultation with the

community about the dumping site, and requested the support from the national government. Mr.

Augustine also added that they have the same issue on the site identification. Mr. Aris raised the

issue of increasing population, which accelerated the waste generation going to the dumpsite.

Mr. Steward, Torba Provincial Officer, asked if an incineration would be available for the

medical waste. Mr. Trinison answered that at the beginning this plan would focus on the solid

waste management, mentioning that five main hospitals in Vanuatu would be benefited for an

inclination from one project.

iv. Preparation of Template

Mr. Augustine, Penama Provincial officer, explained about their plan: necessity of bylaws,

responsible waste: All the communities should be collaborative and the province would support,

even though they plan to start from the small step. He also said they possibly open a separated

account.

Mr. Pallen, Malampa Provincial officer, talked about the school awareness program to

encourage the minimization of waste. He mentioned that the decision on human resources

depends on the council, which can support the station of one environmental health officer.

Mr. Allan, Tafea Provincial officer, mentioned some activities in their plan such as education in

order to control waste. He also told that bylaws on solid waste management would be developed

and they planned some activities including waste minimization. He also said that one dumping

site was operated in the Province, which is the temporal site and the new site needed to be

identified.

Mr. Steward, Torba Provincial officer, suggested that they plan to request one volunteer who can

support their work, in addition to an officer in charge of solid waste management. He also plans

to conduct a baseline survey on waste management. The travelling cost between the islands is

one of the challenges, which can affect the planning and implementation.

11

Mr. Ian, Shefa Provincial officer, explained about their plan, mentioning that the revenue can be

secured by imposing tax etc. and raised the necessities such as technical assistance and capacity

development for waste minimization. He also told that they planned to identify some

communities and schools to promote composing.

v. Closing

Mr. Jean, LAAV CEO, appreciated for organizing and participating in two day workshop, and

hoped that the network and system should be worked on. He emphasized the PPP scheme to

utilize the local resources and to build the partnership. He also wished to continue to work and

follow up with the progress of solid waste management with JICA.

As a closing remark, Mr. Trinison said that even though the time was tight, the discussion was

fruitful and all the participants looked at issues positively. He also expressed the expectations,

looking forward to receiving their draft solid waste management by the end of August.

12

7. Pictures

Discussion on solid waste management plan among the participants

Discussion on solid waste management plan among the participants

Filling in the template of solid waste management plan

Filling in the template of solid waste management plan

Site visit at Central markert Site visit at can collection cage at

Freshwota 4

Site visit at Bouffa landfill Workshop participants


Attachment C-14 Post-disaster Waste Management Project Report

Department of Environment and Pollution Control (DEPC) Port Vila Municipality (PVMC) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)




(J-PRISM)

Disaster Waste Management Project in Port Vila

after Cyclone PAM

Report

March 2015

Port Vila, Vanuatu


Port Vila, Vanuatu

i

Pictures of Damages by the Cyclone PAM

Affected houses

(Central Ward, March 14)

Affected shops and flooded area


Wood waste

(Southern Ward, March 14)

Trees on the street


Trees along the street

(Northern Ward, March 15)

Trees on the street


Improvement of Solid Waste Management – A & E Papua New Guinea, Solomon, Vanuatu and Samoa

ii

Pictures of Project Activities

Disaster waste management team

(March 21)

Cutting of fallen trees

(Southern, March 21)

Collection of green waste with the support

of the community (Freshwota, March 18)

Collection of green waste with community

support (Freshwota, March 18)

Transportation to the temporary storage

site (Freshwota, March 18)

Transportation of green waste to

Rainbow Garden (March 22)

Improvement of Solid Waste Management – A & E Papua New Guinea, Solomon, Vanuatu and Samoa

iii


Before the collection

(Anamburu, March 19)

After the collection

(Anamburu, March 19)





Before the chopping of branched and

separation (Anamburu, March 19)

After the chopping of branched and

separation (Anamburu, March 19)


Port Vila, Vanuatu

iv



(Fatumaru Bay, March 21)












Port Vila, Vanuatu

v


Before the cyclon Pam at the entrance of

Bouffa landfill (June 17, 2014)

After the cyclon Pam at the entrance of

Bouffa landfill (March 19, 2015)

Work at the Storage area at Bouffa landfill

(March 19)

Work at the Storage area at Bouffa landfill

(March 19)

Storage area for green waste at Bouffa landfill (March 19)


Port Vila, Vanuatu

vi

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ vi

Chapter 1. Project Background ......................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2. Expected Outputs ............................................................................................. 2

Chapter 3. Project activity .................................................................................................. 2

Chapter 4. Results and Discussion .................................................................................... 7

Chapter 5. Outputs of this Project ..................................................................................... 8

Chapter 6. Good practices, Lessons learnt from this project ....................................... 10

Chapter 7. Recommendation ........................................................................................... 12

Chapter 8. Expenditure .................................................................................................... 14


Port Vila, Vanuatu

1

Chapter 1. Project Background

The tropical cyclone called PAM, hit Vanuatu at night in March 13, 2015, which has given

the grave damage on the whole city of Port Vila. Due to the strong wind and rain, many

houses and trees fell down and the people suffered from the flood in the city, all of which

produced a lot of disaster waste, especially trees and wood.

It was an urgent need to treat the disaster waste properly, because the amount was huge and

could be the potential incoming waste to the Bouffa landfill, which would cause its limited

space to be occupied quickly, its operation to be difficult, and the cost of its operation to be

higher. In addition, these wastes could hinder the relief and reconstruction efforts by donors

and also local communities, and could cause the public health risk like vector-borne

diseases due to the physical obstruction of waterway. In this context, this project

commenced in order to treat the wood waste on site and to reduce the amount of incoming

waste to the Bouffa landfill.

This project therefore will not only restore the dump site but incorporate and demonstrate

appropriate practices and measures to manage the disaster waste in an environmentally

acceptable and an economical manner. This pilot project will also provide Department of

Environmental Pollution and Control (hereinafter referred as “DEPC”) and Port Vila

Municipality Council (hereinafter referred as “PVMC”) with good experiences and lessons

under the guidance of a J-PRISM expert, which will contribute to the further development

of the guidebook to prepare for quick and smooth emergency response measures and

emergency restoration on disaster waste management.

JICA has accumulated experiences and knowledge related to managing disaster waste

through implementing the past surveys and pilot projects to clean up the disaster waste

generated by the following disasters respectively;

Tsunami in the southern part of Upolu, Samoa, 2009,

Flooding in Ba Town, Fiji, 2012,

Flooding in Apia, Samoa, 2012,

Cyclone in Lautoka, 2013.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

2

Flooding in Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2014

This is the lesson from the past pilot projects, the quantity of wastes to handle and dispose

of at a landfill can be significantly minimized and can save thousands of dollars with the

application of appropriate measures and practices including 3Rs such as proper segregation

of disaster waste at source.

Chapter 2. Expected Outputs

The expected outputs from this project are as follows:

1. To improve the public sanitation by doing the proper and expeditious treatment of

disaster waste produced by the cyclone. (Activity 1)

2. To reduce the incoming disaster waste into Bouffa landfill. (Activity 1)

3. To dispose the incoming disaster waste in an appropriate way. (Activity 2)

4. To deepen the understanding of local residents on the suitable discharge methods.

(Activity 3)

Chapter 3. Project activity

3-1. Outline

The main activities of this project are to cut deposited logs and tree branches to manageable

sizes (50 cm length) and then to pile up at the specific area in the community to be used

such as firewood, etc., for the purpose of reducing the wastes going to the Bouffa landfill,

which contributed to the reduction of the environmental loads.

At the same time, this project was expected to enhance the public awareness through the

communication between the communities and Port Vila Municipality on the topic of proper

disaster waste separation and 3R concepts to reduce the public health risk including

infectious diseases.

Activity Items and Persons in Charge

Item Persons in charge

Activity 1 Better utilization of disaster waste (trees

and green waste at the communities and

Port Vila Municipality Mr. Roger

Tari, Mr. Berry George, JOCV: Mr.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

3

along the main roads) Numakura

Activity 2 Support for the proper disposal at Bouffa

landfill

Port Vila Municipality Mr. Amos

Mathias

Activity 3

Public awareness/ Public relations on

waste discharge

Port Vila Municipality: Mr.Berry

George, JOCV: Mr. Numakura,

Ms. Kozawa, Ms. Okada

The activity flow is shown in the figure below:

3-2 Structure

The following stakeholders were involved in the implementation of this project.

Leading Agency: PVMC

Supporting Agency: DEPC, JICA, SPREP, Rainbow Garden

The project organized one chain saw team and three transportation groups. The chain saw

group consisted of 3 chain saw operators, and they worked together, cutting the fallen trees

and logs. The transportation teams comprised 9 workers, who are and divided into 3 groups.

Each group consists of 2 workers and one truck driver.

No. Group Number of Workers

Main Activity

1 Chain Saw Team 3 Cutting the trees and logs


Port Vila, Vanuatu

4

2 Transportation Team 1 3 (inc. driver) Transport green wastes to

specific places (temporary

site, individual, botanical

garden, etc)

3 Transportation Team 2 3 (inc. driver)

4 Transportation Team 3 3 (inc. driver)

Total 12 -

PVMC also provided one flatbed truck for the transportation of green waste on 22nd

March.

3-2. Target Area

The project sites were chosen by the priority based on the degree of amount of debris in

Port Vila after the site visit and discussion among stakeholders in PVMC.

Day 1(Wed. 16th March) : Freshwota 4

Day 2 (Thu. 17th March) : Anambru

Day 3 (Fri. 18th March) : Northern ward

Day 4 (Sat. 19th March) : Southern ward

Day 5 (Sun. 20th March) : Town Area

Day 6 (Mon. 21st March) : Freshwota 4

3-3. Activity

a. Activity 1: Disaster waste management at communities

To cut deposited trees logs and branches on site to manageable sizes (50cm length)

and pile up at the specific area in the community to be used as fire woods

To clean-up the green wastes in the communities

To transport the green wastes to the specific place including a temporary site at a

community, an individual household

To bring the green waste from the community to Rainbow Garden for the

composting.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

5

b. Activity 2: Disaster waste management at Bouffa landfill

To secure the space for trees, logs and branches, recyclables, bulky waste and

hazardous wastes at a certain space of Bouffa landfill for future reuse and recycle

by the private sectors

To cut all green wastes down into manageable sizes

To operate the current disposal area for incoming wastes to secure the space for

accepting the disaster wastes as much as possible

3-4. Schedule

Date Activities/Site Stakeholder

March 16, Mon Consultation with stakeholders DEPC, PVMC

March 17, Tue Hiring the staff and trucks

Procurement of equipment

PVMC

March 18, Wed Working Day 1 at Freshwota 4 PVMC, Hired

staff, Community

members,

Rainbow Garden

March 19, Thu Working Day 2 at Anamburu ward

March 20, Fri Working Day 3 at Northern ward

March 21, Sat Working Day 4 at Southern ward

March 22, Sun Working Day 5 at the main road from

Chantilly’s on the Bay to Anchors Inn and at

Freshwota 4

March 23, Mon Working Day 6 at the main road from

Chantilly’s on the Bay to Anchors Inn and at

Freshwota 4

March 24, Tue Reporting PVMC


Port Vila, Vanuatu

6

4-3. Vehicle type for transportation

The trucks hired by the project were shown in the following table.

Picture Type, Loading capacity

Truck A Pickup truck

L 2.2m x W 1.4m x H 0.6m = 1.8m3

1.8m3 x 0.3 ton/m3 = 0.54 ton

Truck B Pickup truck

L 2.2m x W 1.4m x H 0.6m = 1.8m3

1.8m3 x 0.3 ton/m3 = 0.54 ton


Port Vila, Vanuatu

7

Truck C Pickup truck

L 2.2m x W 1.4m x H 0.6m = 1.8m3

1.8m3 x 0.3 ton/m3 = 0.54 ton

Truck D Flatbed truck

L 4.5m x W 2.0m x H 0.6m = 5.4m3

5.4m3 x 0.3 ton/m3 = 1.62 ton

Chapter 4. Results and Discussion

5-1. Activity1

The number of trips done from the each household to the specific temporary storage site is

shown in the following trips. The green waste brought to the temporary storage site will be

transported to Rainbow Garden by PVMC.

Number of trips (trips/day)

Item Truck A Truck

B

Truck C Truck D Total

(trips/day)

Total volume

(m3)

Total amount

(ton)

Working Day 1 14 15 12 - 41 73.8 22.1

Working Day 2 17 17 14 - 48 86.4 25.9

Working Day 3 22 24 20 - 66 118.8 35.6

Working Day 4 21 21 23 - 65 117.0 35.1

Working Day 5 15 9 7 4 35 77.4 23.2

Working Day 6 12 13 13 - 38 68.4 20.5

Total 101 99 89 4 293 541.8 162.4

(*) The calculation is based on the waste density = 0.3 ton/ m3.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

8

The project has also provided some support to the affected communities by transporting bundles

of trees and logs directly to the households. Such support was highly appreciated by the

villagers because it has helped and

motivated them to quickly clean up their

communities. Small leaflets on proper

waste management were also distributed

for the community members with the

explanation of the project itself and proper

waste management through a loud speaker

by the project team.

Chapter 5. Outputs of this Project

The outputs from this project are described as follows:

1. To improve the public sanitation by treating the disaster waste produced a lot by the

cyclone (Activity 1)

This project targeted the four wards of Port Vila City, especially the areas where more

disaster waste was discarded. After the discussion among the project team, Port Vila

Municipality and community members, the significant amount of disaster waste was removed

from the roads in the communities, which made a difference in the public sanitation.

The project commenced just 4 days after the cyclone, which enabled the project to meet the

urgent needs of local residents and to improve the public sanitation or the improvement of

public sanitation by removing abandoned disaster waste. The residents expressed appreciation

towards the visible change in their communities, saying “This JICA project helped a lot to take

away the waste from our community”, ”The fallen trees are very good firewood and thanks to

the support of the chain saw teams now we can use it for the firewood”. This project was

effective in terms of the benefits for the community residents.

One of the target areas, Fatumaru Bay, is located along the main roads where many tourists

pass through and there is a park for the public. The cyclone left a lot of fallen trees and waste in

the Bay, and no people could take a rest in the park. The work at the Fatumaru Bay was done

with the collaboration with the Ministry of Public Works and the Port Vila Municipality (Public


Port Vila, Vanuatu

9

Works Division), which accelerated the cleanup of the area by using two dump trucks and one

open truck. This one-day work significantly reduced the amount of disaster waste. The project

team worked at the Bay on Sunday, and after the work there were approximately 20 people

observed, such as a family enjoying a swing at the park and local people taking a rest along the

coast.

2. To reduce the incoming disaster waste brought into the Bouffa landfill (Activity 1)

This project reduced the incoming disaster waste to a great extent: the amount to be brought

to Rainbow Garden was 27.1 ton per day and 162.4 ton in total. Assuming that all this waste

had been taken to the Bouffa landfill, the amount of incoming waste would had been increased

by 1.8 times (32 ton + 27.1 ton per day), compared to the condition before the cyclone. In this

sense, this project achieved the Output 2.

3. The incoming waste brought to the Bouffa landfill is properly disposed. (Activity 2)

A dumping space for disaster waste was secured at the Bouffa landfill. The size of the space

was 15m x 15m (225m3). This location has been utilized to accept green waste generated by

the cyclone. It is expected that the incoming green waste will augment from now on, and this

dumping space will surely contribute to the proper disposal at the landfill.

4. To deepen the understanding of the residents regarding the disposal methods of disaster

waste (Activity 3)

This project implemented the awareness raising activities on how to discharge disaster waste

at the 4 target areas (Freshwota ward, Anamburu ward, Northern ward and Southern ward),

which helped to deepened their understanding to some extent.

One point to be mentioned is the residents had already started the separation between the

firewood materials and other waste before this project began, which implies the relatively high

awareness on the utilization of fallen trees. However, it was often observed that some people

burned the waste or they mixed the waste with green waste. Hence, it is necessary to continue

this kind of awareness raising activities.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

10

Chapter 6. Good practices, Lessons learnt from this project

The good practices and lessons learnt from this project are described as follows:

1. Effective use of disaster waste (fallen trees for firewood/ green waste for composting)

This project intends to establish the mechanism to utilize the disaster waste as much as possible.

The fallen trees generated a lot by the cyclone was cut down by the chain saws and provided

for the use of firewood. After the cyclone, some trees were nearly fallen down on the houses and

others blocked the streets, which was improved visibly by the chain saw team.

Regarding the green waste, the project collaborated with Rainbow Garden, where they accept

it for composting materials. The owners of the Rainbow Garden were supportive to this project,

whose collaboration is expected to be continued in the future.

As a good side-effect by the collaboration with Rainbow Garden, the transportation time was

half reduced. Rainbow Garden is located more closely from the city: it is approximately 6 km

from Freshwota ward, while the Bouffa landfill is located 11 km away from Freshwota ward.

Moreover, the better maintained roads towards Rainbow Garden helped the reduction of

transportation time.

2. Community activities

The Ministry of Public Works has conducted the cleanup of green waste along the main roads

in Port Vila City. However, the green waste at the communities were abandoned and not

collected. Therefore, this project focused more on the communities and the benefits for the

community members.

3. Public relations as a JICA project

In order to promote the public relations as a JICA project, the 15 safety vests were prepared

with JICA logo for 12 workers, counterparts and JOCV. JICA logos were attached to the chain

saws and collection vehicles.

The media was also utilized such as newspapers and radio. A leading newspaper, Daily Post

staff came to the interview on March 23, and published the article on March 28. Since most of

the newspaper reporters are quite busy after the cyclone, and it is essential to contact and follow

up frequently with the report in charge.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

11

Figure 1 Newspaper article on this project (Daily Post, 2015.3.28)

4. Temporary storage site

The project set up a temporary storage site of green waste at the Freshwota Football Field of

Freshwota ward. However, some residents put on the fire and burned some parts of green waste.

At the beginning of this project, the Port Vila Municipality was supposed to bring the collected

waste from the temporary storage site to Rainbow Garden. Nevertheless, the municipal trucks

were utilized for emergent support (food distribution etc.), and could not be allocated to the

green waste collection. In order to avoid the complaints from the residents about the burnt waste,

all the green waste at Freshwota Football Field was brought to Rainbow Garden at the last day

of this project.

Some measures are required: to let the residents understand the intention of temporary storage

sites; to remove the waste as quick as possible from temporary storage sites. Especially at the

highly populated areas such as Freshwota ward, the selection of temporary storage sites is

challenging. It can be effective to hire heavy equipment (loaders) and large trucks, which

directly bring the green waste to Rainbow Garden instead of setting up temporary storage sites.

5. Collaboration with JOCV

During this project, a JOCV who had been assigned at Port Vila Municipality and a project

assistant who knows well about the local knowledge worked together, for the smoother project

activity.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

12

Chapter 7. Recommendation

The recommendations are described as follows:

1. Continuous waste collection

This project targeted the areas considered to accumulate relatively more waste in Port Vila

City, based on the discussion with Port Vila Municipality. It is necessary to continue the

collection of green waste at the communities, because the needs for the waste collection at the

communities are still high and green waste remains abandoned along the roads in some areas.

However, it is difficult to secure sufficient number of collection vehicles for a long time,

because most of the transportation means (trucks etc.) are used for emergent support such as

food distribution. In addition to the small-size trucks like this project, big-size trucks and heavy

equipment such as loaders should be hired for a relatively shorter period, possibly several weeks,

which can improve the efficiency of the waste collection. It is more effective in the areas where

a lot of green waste should be transported, such as Freshwota ward.

2. Landfill improvement

Bouffa landfill does not only accept the waste from Port Vila City, but also from the whole Efate

Island. The big amount of waste is expected to be brought in the future, including disaster waste.

However, the necessary fuel and heavy equipment for the landfill operation were not fully

prepared; one bulldozer was broken during this project, which made it more difficult to maintain

the dumping area of the general waste as well. Fuel and heavy machinery are a pressing issue to

be solved.

In the middle- or long- term, the system to collect recyclables such as metals generated by the

cyclone should be established. Since the space for the scrap metals is not arranged at the Bouffa

landfill now, it should be re-secured.

In addition, the cyclone partially destroyed the workshop where the collection vehicles were

stored. The administration office at the landfill entrance was totally got blown. The construction

of these facilities should be considered.

3. Collaboration with stakeholders and other organizations

Since in principal the Port Vila Municipality is responsible for the waste collection, it is

desirable that the Municipality should take initiative on waste collection. Practically, the human


Port Vila, Vanuatu

13

and financial resources of Port Vila Municipality are very limited and it is not easy for the

Municipality to collect garbage including the disaster waste. Hence, the collaboration with

stakeholders and other organizations should be strengthened, especially National Disaster

Management Office, the Ministry of Public Works, the Ministry of Health, Rainbow Garden and

JOCV. In addition, a recyclable collection company, Recycle Corp, should be involved so that

the recyclables can be collected as much as possible, because the cyclone produced a lot of roof

waste.

4. Preparation of disaster waste management guideline

Generally the fast-track judge is required for the disaster management, and this cyclone was

also the case: immediate actions are needed. Based on this experiences, a guideline or a plan for

disaster waste management in Vanuatu or in Pacific Islands should be prepared, which

contributes to sharing of experiences and knowledge including the proactive measures.

This time most of the green waste transported by the Ministry of Public Works was brought to

the Bouffa landfill, without putting it into the better use such as composting. In the preparation

of the guideline, the perspectives to utilize the disaster waste should be incorporated as a

national policy.

The lessons learnt from this pilot project must be considered in the formulation of

appropriate countermeasures to respond to similar future natural disaster with the

management of the generated waste. This is important because the government of Vanuatu

does not have any national framework in place to guide government/municipal responses to

the management of waste from disasters including cyclones, tsunami, flooding and

earthquakes. These lessons can be incorporated in the National Disaster Management Plan

rather than the National Solid Waste Management Strategy. This is important as the

directions of waste management operations during natural disaster events must in line with

the National Disaster Management Plan.)

The application of 3Rs activity is effective tool for disaster waste management from the

viewpoints osf reduction of environmental loads and public health risk, encouraging of

communities, and a cost saving. When we successfully implement 3R activities for disaster

waste management in the early stage as discussed in this report, we could secure more

environmental, public health and financial effectiveness, which will save government funds

for better uses in other affected areas and government services including restoration of the

infrastructure.


Port Vila, Vanuatu

14

Chapter 8. Expenditure

Item Unit price (vatu) Quantity Amount (vatu)

Power chainsaw 23,000 Piece 3 69,000

Safety gear (goggles) 460 piece 3 1,380

Safety gear (gloves) 415 piece 6 2,490

Staff members (operators) 3,000 /day/person 36 108,000

Staff members (waste pickers) 2,500 /day/person 18 45,000

Transportation (open truck) 10,000 /day/truck 18 180,000

Fuel 34,000 /drums 2 68,000

473,870


Attachment C-15 Capacity Assessment Results


Figure C-5 Capacity assessment (Individual)

Figure C-6 Capacity assessment (Institutional)

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

a) Information sharingand Reporting system

b) Staffing (numberand qualifications)

c) Budget allocation

d) Existing laws,regulations, plans

a) Office and facilities

b) Transport

c) Staff commitment

d) Public support tothe SWM activities

2014.07

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1. Policy

2. Adm

inistration

3. Existing Co

nditions and

Ope

ration

al Ana

lysis

4. Collection

5. Final Dispo

sal

6. 3Rs

7. Pub

lic Awaren

ess

8. Individu

al Skills

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Solid

Waste M

anagem

ent

in Gen

eral

Outpu

t 1:

Waste M

inim

ization

Outpu

t 2:

Land

fill Improvem

ent

Outpu

t 3:

Capacity Develop

men

t of O

fficers

2013.7

2014.7