C oncept for I onospheric Scintillation Miti ga tion for Professional GNSS in L atin A merica

Concept for Ionospheric Scintillation Mitigation for Professional GNSS in Latin America

Dr. B. Bougard, Septentrio Satellite Navigation NV.On behalf of the CIGALA consortium

The CIGALA project has received Community research funding under the EU Seventh Framework Program, and is carried out in the context of the Galileo FP7 R&D program supervised by the GNSS Supervisory Authority.

A FP7 collaborative project between:A FP7 collaborative project between:

ESA EESW 2010 (c) CIGALA Consortium

Leading European manufacturer of high-end multi-frequency GNSS equipment for precise positioning, time transfer and attitude determination applications

Key player in GNSS for aviation in Europe with a great knowledge on managing EC and 7th FP International Activities in Latin America

Top ranked UK Center of Excellence in GNSS/Galileo Research and Application (GRACE)

Most important scientific institution in Italy devoted to studies in geophysics, seismic and volcanic hazards

One of the most prominent Brazilian groups in Geodesy and GNSS application areas (GEGE)

Brazilian SME providing services and consultancy in the field of Geographic Information Systems, Cartography, and Geodesy.

Petrobras, the Brazilian National Oil Company

Funded under: Supervised by:

Objective : Mitigating IS threat on professional GNSS in Latin AmericaObjective : Mitigating IS threat on professional GNSS in Latin America

“When the solar winds come around, you’d better hang onto your GNSS receiver, not your hat. ”J. Kunches, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration


OutlineOutline

The CIGALA project Objective Motivation

The CIGALA activities Scintillation Modelling Measurement Campaign Mitigation development Septentrio Scintillation monitor

First Results Septentrio Scintillation monitor validation Scintillation climatology in Sao Paulo State, Brazil


IS directly affects GNSS operationsIS directly affects GNSS operations

Precise positioning

Safety-criticalapplications

Ionosphere v

GNSS Receiver

impact

Plasmaperturbations

signal fluctuations

GNSS Satellite

TEC

Increased reliance on GNSS, especially by countries with large territorial coverage

Annual global market for GNSS of €300bn by 2020

• high resolution land surveying can be delayed• airborne and marine operations postponed• offshore drilling/production operations cancelled• SBAS impacted for long periods of time

Consequences• User disappointment and financial loss• Threat for adoption of Galileo and EGNOS


The CIGALA ProjectThe CIGALA Project

Objective: Understand the cause and implication of IS disturbances at low latitudes, model their effects and develop countermeasure techniques through:

The focus on one of the regions most affect by IS (Brazil) The research of the underlying causes of IS and the development

of state-of-the-art models capable of predicting signal propagation and tracking perturbations

Field measurement via the deployment in close collaboration with local academic and industrial partners of multi-frequency multi-constellation Galileo-capable measurement station to collect data in order to support model development

The design and implementation of novel IS mitigation techniques in state-of-the-art GNSS receivers

Field testing the mitigation techniques, leveraging the same partnership as during the measurement campaign.


CIGALA targets one of the most critical regionsCIGALA targets one of the most critical regions

Large countries such as Brazil take full advantage from GNSS for navigation and high precision DGPS, RTK and PPP applications (surveying, precision agriculture, …)

Equatorial region one of the most affected Latin America badly hit in the past

CIGALA fosters strong local partnership in Latin America In particular in Brazil Addresses both commercial

and academic participation


Credit: NASA

Analytical Models (e.g. Fremouw and Rino, Iyer et al, Aarons)

Climatological models: WAM (Wernik – Alfonsi – Materassi) model

Disadvantages/inadequacy of analytical modelsStrongly reliable only over the region of the stations providing the input data

Limitations of climatological models (such as WBMOD and GISM)Strongly reliable on global scale less useful on regional scale

The way forward: synergy between WAM and analytical models

Use of in-situ satellite measurements to feed WAM Use of ground-based stations data to feed analytical model Match both the outputs to have information on IS at global and regional scale

What CIGALA will bringWhat CIGALA will bring


Model development and model improvementScintillation Modeling

Model development and model improvementScintillation Modeling

To feed the proposed improvements in scintillation and receiver tracking models, CIGALA will deploy a data collection system in Brazil

Six measurement stations will be deployed Episodic campaigns to account

for different applications Including experiments involving

real off-shore operations in liaison with Petrobras

Stations re-occupied for validationof new algorithms in iterativeprocess


Measurement campaignMeasurement campaign



Septentrio latest Ax3 all signals, all constellations OEM receiver

Best-in-class phase noise based on state-of-the-art OCXO

Up to 100Hz signal phase and intensity output for all satellites

Rugged waterproof housing with RS232, USB, Ethernet interface and internal logging

Specific GUI and logging tool for TEC and scintillation indices monitoring


The measurement stationsThe measurement stations


Moderate levels of scintillation introduce errors in GNSS positioning These can be dealt with by suitable error modelling

algorithms

Severe scintillation however may lead to LoL RAIM techniques to exclude affected SV from solution Advanced tracking techniques to minimize LoL

probability


Understand of Impact on receiver and Development of Mitigation

Understand of Impact on receiver and Development of Mitigation

First Results: CIGALA monitor validationFirst Results: CIGALA monitor validation


5.085 5.09 5.095 5.1 5.105 5.11 5.115 5.12

x 105

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

5.085 5.09 5.095 5.1 5.105 5.11 5.115 5.12

x 105

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

PolaRxS

GSV

PxS vs. GSV (phi60)

PxS vs. GSV (S4)

LockTime

LockTime

Spirent – no scintillation Spirent – synthetic scintillation (Cornell model)

First Results: Scintillation climatology at PPFirst Results: Scintillation climatology at PP

22.12ºS, 51.41ºW SCINTMON receiver (L1) Jan 1st, 2009 to Oct 31st, 2009 0900–2100 UT (LT=UT-3)


Thr=0.1

Thr=0.25

First Results: Scintillation climatology at PPFirst Results: Scintillation climatology at PP

22.12ºS, 51.41ºW SCINTMON receiver (L1) Jan 1st, 2009 to Oct 31st, 2009 0900–2100 UT (LT=UT-3)


Thr=0.1

Thr=0.25

ConclusionConclusion The CIGALA project aims at mitigating the

fundamental threat that IS constitutes for professional GNSS applications in Latin American market. L.A. market comes in 6th position in total

GNSS revenue with a potential for 25bEUR from 2015 on.

L. A. ranks as 5th largest addressable market for hydrographic and land surveying applications with a share comparable to North America

L.A. belongs to the top-3 in amount of offshore rig, an important consumer of GNSS solutions.

Knowledge and IP that the project will generate, will provide Europe with a strong competitive advantage in that market.

Septentrio is expecting to leverage CIGALA technical results in its products


Thank you!Thank you!

Project contact: [email protected]

(c) CIGALA ConsortiumESA EESW 2010

BackupBackupBackupBackup

ESA EESW 2010(c) CIGALA Consortium

CIGALA is timelyCIGALA is timely

IS effects exacerbate at high solar activity Galileo Full Operational Capability (FOC) planned for

same period of time Galileo in principle vulnerable to IS (same frequency

band as GPS), but receivers not yet tested If Galileo signal proven superior, it would be a great

asset for usage in Latin America. No robust receiver yet in the market Efforts to make Galileo and EGNOS accepted/adopted

in Latin America at initial stage


Model development and model improvementModel development and model improvement

State of the art for GNSS relies mainly on GPS L1, L2(P) signals and receivers

What about L2C, L5?

How Galileo signals are affected by IS?

Modeling IS essential to develop counter-measures

GPS scintillation event associated with sudden TEC changes (Brazilian

receiver) Kintner and Ledvina, ASR (35)2005, 788-811



Presidente Prudente Macae (Petrobras) Porto Alegre San Jose dos Campos Palmas Manaus

The aim is to ensure a significant sampling of data representing the real conditions of the ionosphere and scintillation occurrence

Experimental data will be complemented by simulated data from a state-of-the-art Spirent signal simulator and field data from the past solar maximum


Measurement sitesMeasurement sites


CIGALA monitor is based on Septentrio latest multi-frequency OEM receiver (AsteRx3)

CIGALA monitor is based on Septentrio latest multi-frequency OEM receiver (AsteRx3)

Multi-frequency L1, L2, L5, E5a/b/AltBoc

Multi-constellation GPS, GLO, GAL (all signals) SBAS

136 Channels Up to 100Hz meas.

Robust, highly customizable tracking (Lock+)

APME for multi-path mitigation Raw data output (code and

phase, signal intensity)

10MHz ref in/out, xPPS

(c) CIGALA ConsortiumESA EESW 2010

Easy to integrateMultiple interfaces (RS232, USB, Ethernet)Compact form factor2.8W Power ConsumptionCompact and detailed Septentrio Binary Format output (SBF)

One record per minute and per satellite Includes TEC, S4, CCD, Phixx, scintillation

indices and spectral slope Includes GLONASS and Galileo Includes L2 and L5 frequency bands

Backward compatible ISMR file formatBackward compatible ISMR file format


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C oncept for I onospheric Scintillation Miti ga tion for Professional GNSS in L atin A merica