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COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER ENGINEERING, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS, FLOW OF CONTROL, BATCH AND INTERACTIVE PROCESSING
Week 5
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COMPUTER SCIENCE
• Definition: Computer science (or computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
• Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960s
• Focuses on the process of computing through several areas of specialization, including theory, algorithms, data structures, programming concepts and languages.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE
Computer Theory: Algorithms Data Structures Programming concepts and languages: Computer architecture Management information System: Software Engineering
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FIELDS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE• Mathematical foundations• Theory of computation • Algorithms and data structures• Programming languages and compilers• Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems• Software engineering• System architecture• Communications• Databases• Artificial intelligence• Visual rendering (or Computer graphics)• Human-Computer Interaction• Scientific computing
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MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS
Mathematical logic Number theory Graph theory Type theory Category theory Computational geometry Numerical analysis
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THEORY OF COMPUTATION
Automata theory Computability theory Computational complexity theory Quantum computing theory
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ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES
Analysis of algorithms Algorithms Data structures
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS Compilers Interpreters Programming languages
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CONCURRENT, PARALLEL, AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Concurrency Distributed computing Parallel computing
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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Algorithm design Computer programming Formal methods Reverse engineering Software development
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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Computer architecture Computer organization Operating systems
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Artificial intelligence • Artificial life • Automated reasoning • Computer vision • Machine learning • Natural language processing/Computational
linguistics • Robotics
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VISUAL RENDERING (OR COMPUTER GRAPHICS)
Computer graphics Image processing
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HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
Human computer interaction : The study of making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people, including the study and design of computer interfaces through which people use computers.
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SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
Bioinformatics Cognitive Science Computational chemistry Computational neuroscience Computational physics Numerical algorithms Symbolic mathematics
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2. COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Definition: Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and computer science
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS
Information System: An Information System (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes.
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APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure.
The study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization.
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Decision support features
MIS DSS EIS ES
Type of decision maker
Many
operational
managers
Individuals and
Small groups of
tactical
managers
Individual
strategic
manager
Individual
strategic, tactical,
or operational
manager
Type of problem Structured Semi-structured Unstructured Structured
Type of
information
Pre-designed
reports on
Internal
operations
Interactive
queries and
responses for
specific
problems
Online access to
internal and
external
information on
many issues
Conclusions and
recommendations
for a particular
complex problem
Type of use Indirect Direct Direct Direct
Phase of decision making
Intelligence Design, choice Intelligence Implementation
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FLOW OF CONTROL
Flow of control: Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace.
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BATCH AND INTERACTIVE PROCESSING
Batch processing: collecting jobs in a single batch and then execute them without further interaction of the user.
Interactive processing: Allows a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the user through remote terminals. Requires real-time processing.
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