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Neal Stublen [email protected]. C#: Introduction for Developers. Class Objectives. Develop an understanding of the .NET Framework Gain proficiency using Visual Studio Begin learning the C# programming language Apply object-oriented concepts within the C# language - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Class Objectives Develop an understanding of
the .NET Framework Gain proficiency using Visual Studio Begin learning the C# programming
language Apply object-oriented concepts within the C#
language Develop basic Windows Forms applications Learn basic .NET database concepts
Suggestions
Install Visual StudioVisual Studio Express 2013 for Windows
Desktop Review each chapter
We won’t necessarily hit every point in classBring back questions
Work projects at end of each chapterMake changes and experiment
Tonight’s Agenda
Overview of .NET Using Visual Studio Designing a Form Object-Oriented Programming Walk through a simple object example Apply what we’ve learned Q&A
Windows Applications
Microsoft Windows OS / Intel Platform
Windows Application
File System NetworkDisplay
.NET Applications
.NET Framework
Class Libraries
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
.NET Application (or "Assembly")
Non-Microsoft OS? / Non-Intel Platform?Microsoft Windows OS / Intel Platform
File System NetworkDisplay
C#, .NET, and Windows
C# Source Files
.NET "Assembly"
(MSIL)
C# Compiler
.NET "Assembly"
(MSIL)
CLR
"Native" Code
How does C# compare?
VB.NET, F#, Managed VC++ are other .NET languagesThey all compile into MSIL assemblies that
run on the .NET CLRThey all have their own unique syntax
Java has many similarities.NET class library instead of the Java
support classes Might be considered a "safer" version of
C++.
Using Visual Studio
Start Visual Studio Create a project
Windows Forms for desktop applicationsWeb Forms for web-based applicationsConsole applications for the command line
The project represents all or part of an application
A solution is a container for multiple projects
Express Editions
Free Visual Studio versionshttp://
www.visualstudio.com/en-us/products/visual-studio-express-vs.aspx
Visual Studio Summary
ProjectA collection of files that are used to generate
an application or class library.csproj file extention
SolutionA collection of projects.sln file extension
Open/close a project/solution Projects target a specific version of
the .NET Framework
Visual Studio Summary
Menus and toolbars can be customized Solution Explorer manages project files Form Designer allows us to create and
modify forms Controls are added to a form using the
Toolbox Properties change the appearance
and/or function of a form or control
Visual Studio Summary Tabbed windows can be docked just about
anywhere Tabbed windows can be floating or docked Tabbed windows can be pinned or hidden
Code Editor allows you to edit source code Editing window can be split into two panes
Visual Studio Summary
Settings can be imported and exported We will work with WinForms applications
in this class Projects can be “built” and “run” from
within Visual Studio
Form Design Add controls from the toolbox Set control properties
Name, TextEnabled, ReadOnly, TabOrder, TabStop,
TextAlignAcceptButton, CancelButton, StartPosition
Specify access keys (&) Specify tab order between controls Document Outline View Renaming and saving files
Form Exercise
Create a project named
"InvoiceTotal" in your S: folder Reproduce the following form:
Consider tab order, access keys, etc.
Form Design Summary Control Toolbox Tab Order Properties Window
Name, TextEnabled, ReadOnly, TabOrder, TabStop,
TextAlignAcceptButton, CancelButton, StartPosition
Access keys (&) Document Outline View Renaming and saving files
Object-Oriented Programming
.NET represents everything as an "object"
What objects can we identify in our InvoiceTotal application?Forms, Controls
Object-Oriented Programming
Objects are made up of data and a set of functions that act on that data
What data would be stored in the InvoiceTotal form and its controls?Position, Text
What functions might use that data?
Objects and Classes
An object is represented by a "class" A class has “member” data
Variables A class has “member” functions
Methods
A class Definitionclass Counter{ // “class” is a keyword that tells the // compiler we are defining a new type of // object.
};
Member Variablesclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// We declare member variables that will // hold data for the class.
};
Member Visibilityclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// “private” is a keyword that tells the // compiler the class member is not visible // to other objects.
};
Member Typeclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// “int” is a built-in type that tells the // compiler we are defining an integer // value.
};
Member Nameclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// “mValue” is the name we will use when // referring to this data member.
};
Member Initializerclass Counter{ private int mValue = 0;
// (Optional) We can assign an initial value to // the data member.
};
A class Constructorclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
};
Constructor Visibilityclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// “public” is a keyword that tells the // compiler the class member is visible to // other objects.
};
Constructor Nameclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// “Counter” repeats the class name, which // tells the compiler we are defining a // constructor for the class. };
Constructor Parameterclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// “int inInitialValue” is a parameter of // the constructor. It is used to set the // initial state of the object.
};
Constructor Bodyclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// The body of the constructor assigns // initial values to any data members of // the class.
};
Assignment Operatorclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// “=” is an assignment operator that assigns // a value to a variable.
};
A class Methodclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public int Increment() { return ++mValue; }};
Method Visibilityclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public int Increment() { return ++mValue; }};
Method Return Typeclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public int Increment() { return ++mValue; }};
Method Nameclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public int Increment() { return ++mValue; }};
Method Bodyclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public int Increment() { return ++mValue; }};
Prefix/Postfix Operatorsclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public int Increment() { return ++mValue; }};
Code Commentsclass Counter{ private int mValue;
// Constructor public Counter(int inInitialValue) { mValue = inInitialValue; }
// Increment the counter by one. public void Increment() { mValue = mValue + 1; }};
Counter myCounter = new Counter(0);
Instantiating a classclass Counter{ ...};
Counter myCounter = new Counter(0);Counter yourCounter = new Counter(10);
Instantiating a classclass Counter{ ...};
Counter myCounter = new Counter(0);Counter yourCounter = new Counter(10);
// “new” is a keyword that tells the compiler// we want to create an instance of the class.
// We have created two instances of the Counter// class.
Instantiating a classclass Counter{ ...};
Counter myCounter = new Counter(0);myCounter.Increment();
// We call a method by using the “.” operator on// a class instance.
// All statements are terminated by a semi-colon.
What’s in a form?
A form is defined by a class Controls on the form are member
variables Event handlers are member functions
Form Summary
The Code Editor allows us to expand and collapse blocks of code.
Forms are just objects Forms are created by making changes
to the object’s properties and calling the object’s methods.
The Designer just adds code to the form’s class.
Style Tips
Use of braces, parentheses, etc. Use of indentation and spacing Improves readability
Use code comments Improves maintainability
Controls and Events
We can perform actions in response to Click events
Control events are handled by form methods
Best Practices
The calculator logic should not be part of the form
Place the calculator logic in a class that can be tested and used from many places