SPECIAL ISSUE REDSET 2016 OF CSIT

C-band microstrip patch linear array antenna for microwaveradio relay

Shailza Gotra1 • Zain Hashim1• Shuchismita Pani1 • Malay Ranjan Tripathy1 •

Anamika Banwari1

� CSI Publications 2016

Abstract An innovative and compact microstrip patch

array antenna with rectangular slots for microwave radio

relay application is proposed. The designed antenna is

applicable in c-band. The antenna is designed on FR4

epoxy substrate with inset feed. The proposed single patch

microstip antenna has a return loss (S11), gain and VSWR

of -18.30, 3.07 dB and 2.24 at 6.18 GHz and -13.49,

3.07 dB and 3.97 at 10.87 GHz respectively. High Fre-

quency Structural simulator (HFSS 13) is used to simulate

and analyse the rectangular patch array antenna. Later, a

linear array of 1 9 4 has been designed and its parametric

analysis is obtained. The proposed array antenna has the

return loss (S11) of value -33.47 dB at 6.4 GHz. The gain

of the proposed array has been obtained as 2.707 dB and

VSWR of value 1.69 at 6.4 GHz which is also applicable

for c-band microwave radio relay.

Keywords C-band � Return loss � VSWR � Microstrip

patch antenna � Microwave radio relay

1 Introduction

In the previous literatures and research articles, lots of

publications were made on C-band antenna, which have a

range from 4 to 8 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Applications such as Radar systems, Microwave radio

relay, cordless telephones, Wi-Fi devices, satellite com-

munication and transmission over the TV networks are

reported in the literature [1–5]. There is a rising interest

among the researchers worldwide for the microstrip patch

antennas due to their planar structure, cost effectiveness

and easier fabrication. However, there are some major

challenge in this, faced by many researchers which are the

narrow bandwidth and losses due to surface wave. Keeping

in view of all these issues, a compact and novel rectangular

patch antenna having two cascading rectangular slots from

either side of patch with an inset feeding is proposed in this

paper which will meet the needs of the researchers. Further,

creating an array from the microstrip single patch antenna

enhances and improves the radiation characteristics viz.

gain, directivity, polarization, etc. The array will give an

effective solution for the challenges occurring in the

microstrip single patch. The array has an advantage of

optimizing the results of the antennas. Many other works

on planar and dielectric antennas are outlined in the liter-

ature for C band applications [5–9].

The elecrical model of microstrip patch antenna is

almost like a capacitor having two metal plates, in which

the lower metal plate is known as ground plane and the top

metal layer is known as patch and in between there is a

dielectric material which is known as a substrate [10].

Microwave radio relay is one of the most widely used

applications in C-band and is used for the transmission of

analog and digital signals. Using these relays, a micro-

wave network can be created which can be further used in

& Shailza Gotra

Shailzagotra25@gmail.com

Zain Hashim

zainhashim64@gmail.com

Shuchismita Pani

spani@amity.edu

Malay Ranjan Tripathy

mr.tripathy@amity.edu

1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Amity University, Noida, India

123

CSIT

DOI 10.1007/s40012-016-0101-4

long distance communication, transmission of the tele-

phone and television signals. This can further resolve the

challenges which are occurring in the communication

system.

In this paper, array antenna of 1 9 4 configuration is

designed and analyzed. It has multiple bands in the fre-

quency range of 5–20 GHz. It is a compact and simple

design.

Further, the paper is arranged as follows. Antenna

characteristics and design parameters are discussed in

Sect. 2. Simulation Results and analysis is done in Sect. 3

and the paper is concluded in Sect. 4.

2 Antenna design

The antenna is having an FR4 epoxy substrate, mounted on

the ground with a width of 1.6 mm along with a loss tan-

gent of 0.02 and relative permittivity of 4.4 as shown in

Fig. 1.

The dimensions of the substrate of single patch

microstrip antenna is 40 9 40 9 1.6 mm3 and the ground

dimension is 60 9 60 mm2. In this, the type of feeding

used is inset feeding. An I-shaped design is made in the

midst of the patch. This design is simple and unique. It is

a novel design with compact and miniaturized properties.

Further, a 1 9 4 array microstrip patch antenna is

designed with the dimensions of the substrate of

135 9 40 9 1.6 mm3 as shown in Fig. 2. In this array,

feeding used is Inset feeding. This array is a composition

of a 1 9 4 serially fed arrays. The antenna is simulated

by using HFSS 13 (High Frequency Structural simulator)

of ANSOFT.

3 Simulation results and analysis

In this antenna, the reflected energy of the transmitted

signal is measured through the return loss (S11). Return

loss obtained is -18.30 and -13.49 dB for solution fre-

quency at 6.18 and 10.87 GHz respectively for a single

patch antenna. For 1 9 4 micostrip array patch antenna,

Return loss obtained is -33.47 dB for solution frequency

at 6.4 GHz as shown in Fig. 3.

‘‘Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a way to

measure transmission line imperfections’’ as shown in

Fig. VSWR obtained is 2.24 and 3.97 for solution fre-

quency at 6.18 and 10.87 GHz respectively for a single

patch antenna. VSWR value for 1 9 4 array antennas is

1.69 for solution frequency at 6.4 GHz as shown in fig-

ure below (Fig. 4).

The radiation patterns are seen as bidirectional for

U = 0� and 90� and directional in case of h = 0� and 90�.The maximum gain of the proposed antenna is obtained

between the angle of 30� to 60� as shown in Fig. 5.

The gain versus frequency graph is shown in Fig. 6

depicts the total gain of the proposed antenna in dB at

different values of phi and theta. Phi varies from 0 to

90 and the theta angle which we have considered

varies from 0� to 60� at particular frequency of

6.4 GHz.

4 Conclusion

An innovative and compact patch array microstrip

antenna is designed and analysed in this paper. By the

analysis of array antennas, it has been found that the

antenna design is suitable for C band applications. The

resonance frequency that we obtained is at 6.18 and

10.87 GHz which is suitable for microwave radio relay

application. The rectangular slots help in increasing the

gain of the antenna. This array antenna has been

designed to have various C-band applications which is

Fig. 1 Single patch microstrip antenna

Fig. 2 1 9 4 array microstrip patch antenna

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obtained by changing the structural parameters of the

rectangular slot that are reduced from the main patch.

After various parametric studies the optimum design was

obtained. The antenna possesses acceptable return loss

characteristics. Thus the rectangular patch array antenna

with rectangular slots was successfully designed, simu-

lated and analyzed using Ansoft HFSS. The performance

parameters were achieved with maximum gain 2.707 dB

for rectangular patch array antenna. The use of slotted

patch reduces the size of the antenna with good gain and

directivity, which is the area that can be improved with

the proposed design. Thus, the designed antenna proves

to be a promising solution for various applications in

C-Band such as microwave radio relay which needs

compact and low profile antennas that can operate with

an optimal gain.

Fig. 3 Return loss for a 1 9 4 array patch antenna

Fig. 4 VSWR for a 1 9 4 array patch antenna

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Fig. 5 Radiation pattern at

U = 0� and U = 90� for

E-plane for a 1 9 4 array

antenna

Fig. 6 Gain versus frequency of the proposed 1 9 4 array antenna

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