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CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY 1202
UNIT Three: Economic Issues In Canada
Chapter Eight – Making a Living in Canada
Page 348
GROUP ACTIVTY
PAGE 348 QUESTIONS 1, 2, 3
Canadians work to earn money Do you have a part-time job? What do you need the money for? Supporting
your family? Entertainment and hobbies? Not even a full-time job can provide
everything you want Much of work income goes toward basic
items such as accommodation, food, clothes, and transportation
Many jobs available depending on skills, interests and education
WORK IS A TWO WAY STREET
When Canadians work, they trade their time and ability for payment
In turn, the people or companies they work for provide goods and services to others
Every job in Canada contributes to the quality of life in Canada
CANADIAN INDUSTRIES
Most items in your possession have a label that indicate where it was made
Consider ALL the people who have helped get your shirt to you Harvest Cotton Make Cloth Manufacture Shirt Transport Shirt Sell Shirt
CANADIAN INDUSTRIES
Industry: particular types of labor that are done in exchange for pay
Economy: the goods and services Canadians produce and exchange which is divided into certain sectors and levels
PRIMARY INDUSTRY Canada has abundant natural resources and is
considered one of the wealthiest countries in the world
Major companies in the past depended on natural resources Ex. Hudson’s Bay Company: beaver pelts Others depended on coal, fish, lumber
Today Canada’s economy depends more on other industries but many still centre on forestry, mining, farming, fishing
Primary Industries: those who work directly with natural resources / raw materials (risky and physically demanding)
SECONDARY INDUSTRY We use natural resources to develop and
manufacture products for consumers Secondary Industries (Manufacturing
Industry): build, construct, and manufacture products from these raw materials
Canadians have reputation for producing airplanes, cars, paper
Popular myth that this industry is a low-skill industry -- NOT TRUE
Many are technical and require a high degree of skill Ex. Computer hardware assembly, precision tools
Canada has a highly skilled workforce
SECONDARY - AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Canada has some of the world’s largest producers of cars and trucks (Ford, General Motors, DaimlerChrysler, Honda, Toyota)
Divided into two parts: 1. Assembly of vehicles 2. Manufacture of car and truck parts
Best country in North America for delivering high quality cars and automotive parts
TERTIARY INDUSTRY
Tertiary Industry: service jobs ex. Doctors, lawyers, actors, chefs, fast food
Industrialized: shift from primary and secondary industries to tertiary industries, they are wealthy, powerful, good quality of life
Services keep us safe, comfortable, and informed
* 13.6 million Canadians work in service industries
CANADIAN INDUSTRIES Tertiary - Contact Centre Industry: a hub
of workers where customers can call in or email for technical support, customer service, hotel bookings, car rentals, and other services
NB has Canada’s largest
Quaternary Industry: those involving the creation of knowledge, ideas, and technology – intellectual services that are the basis of research and development (create solutions to problems) ex. Scientific research, telecommunication,
pharmaceutical and consulting companies
Knowledge Economy: the creation of information to produce economic benefits
Innovation: the creation of new ideas Ex. Managerial, science and education, governmental
service jobs Increase in the number of jobs requiring both of
these things Networking: exchanging information, contacts,
and experience with people for business purposes Entrepreneurs: people who run their own
businesses. These people face the risk of starting a business but also have great flexibility to try out new ideas and be innovative
CONNECTIONS No industry stands alone, they all depend on
one another
CARS Working on assembly line Mining industry (make plastic and metal) Petroleum products Recycling of cars Disposal of non-recyclable components Car crashes (tow trucks) Forensic investigators Medical examiners
GEOLAB CHALLENGEPAGE 361
Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4
QUESTIONSPage 363
#1, 2a, 3
WORK CHALLENGES
When you cannot find work a chain reaction of difficulties occur
Only about 2% of Canadians who are eligible to work are 18 years of age and over, and are not in school full time (some ill and simply cannot work)
Seasonal unemployment for workers in resource industries such as tourism, the fishery, and construction also presents challenges
JOB MARKET
Quickly changing, cause of unemployment Employment is affected by the cost of
operating a business Business Incentives: advantages offered to
businesses which encourages them to continue operating in their present locations or to lure them to a new location ex. Low-interest loans or lower taxes
New locations can reduce the cost of operations but causes job loss
Industrial Millwright: a person who keeps machinery in a factory in running order
Mason: a person who builds with stone or brick
Children are the worst victims of poverty 1 in 10 children lives in poverty
Low-income jobs do not provide the necessary funds to cover basic needs
Underemployed: being unable to find a job that matches up with your skills, abilities, training, and education
Working Poor: a job that pays a small wage that does not provide for their basic needs (older women, single parents, recent immigrants, young people)
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms promises equality for everyone, economic equality is very difficult to bring about
Job-Sharing: the sharing of responsibility and pay of one full-time job by two or more part-time workers
Success in finding good work is often related to support from friends and family
Many work for free, stay-at-home parents, those taking care of aging parents, volunteers, coaches
DIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY In some cases one parent may stay in a
community with children to create stability while the other moves to an area that has employment opportunities
In NL, many manufacturers and processing plants have closed over the years
Thousands move from NL to Fort McMurray to earn income and return home
Family decisions based on their economic and employment and economic situations Re-education, moving, personal businesses
QUESTIONSPage 369 #2
COMMUNICATION
Communication technology has played a big role in the connections people have with others around the world
Technology has shrunk Canada Many advances in technology have
connections to Canada Marconi: wireless telegraph: radio Fressenden: audio and video transmission Bell: telephone
• Pg 370
•Canada was 1st
•1972 (Anik A1’s)
•1973: CBC began live
Satellite TV•Grew
faster in Canada than anywhere else
•Centre of entertainment (audio, video, radio, Internet, email, text)
Cellphones
•Quickly grown & widely used in Canada
•Made it more affordable to be in regular contact with people across the country and world
Internet
INTERNET Smart Tech (Calgary) is leader in worldwide
white board technology Blog: short form for weblogs, sophisticated
digital journals that authors can choose to share with the world (video logs called vlogs)
Podcasts: audio files downloaded and enjoyed by anyone with access
A lot of services available online (bank) Video conferencing
INTERNET People can now work from home
Benefits include: Companies reducing cost of office spaces Companies reducing cost of parking spaces Eliminate frustration of commuting Reduce air pollution
Not all Canadians have equal access to telecommunication technologies Those living in poverty Those living in rural communities
QUESTIONPage 373 #1
TRANSPORTATION Transportation connects Canadians to their work
Roadways, railways, waterways, airways Certain products that are available in some
regions in Canada are not directly accessible in other areas
DELIVERING 1962: Trans Canada Highway 7821 km Trucks transport goods Just-in-time System: the delivery of materials
required for manufacturing right before they are needed
Trucks carry over 200 million tonnes of goods a year in Canada
TRANSPORTATION ROADWAYS
Most popular form - CARS Buses, subways, rail
Most depend on cars Gridlock: the backup of traffic in an urban area
WHAT are the ADVANTAGES of Having your own Car ? ? ?
OTHER
Metro Bus, Subway, Carpool
TRANSPORTATION WATERWAYS
Shipping lanes on the water
Advantages: Large for carrying Produce less pollution Less expensive to operate
* 1/3 of all natural resources obtained in Canada are shipped out to other countries
TRANSPORTATION RAILWAYS
Canadian Pacific Railway completed in 1885 Carry more goods than people
Labrador: railway used to carry iron ore
AIRWAYS Much more expensive than ship, train, truck Reserved for perishable cargo that can be moved
quickly Canadian airlines transport 80 million passengers
each year Hubs: major centers used to transfer points
TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES
Transport oil and gas to refineries, water to purification plants
Built over mountain ranges, on permafrost and underwater
Trans-Canada Pipeline carries natural gas in a pipe that is 1 m in diameter
They disturb wildlife habitats and migration patterns
CLASS PROJECT
1. Choose a Province other than NL
2. List 2 primary, 2 secondary, 2 tertiary, 2 quaternary industries
3. List products exported and imported
4. List main types of transportation
5. Analyze job market (shortages, unemployment)
6. CREATE A POWERPOINT TO PRESENT INFO