C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 1 CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present) Section 1:Understanding the Constitution

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

Beginnings to 1877

CITIZENSHIPCITIZENSHIPAND THE CONSTITUTIONAND THE CONSTITUTION(1787–Present)(1787–Present)Section 1:Section 1: Understanding the ConstitutionUnderstanding the Constitution

Section 2:Section 2: The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

Section 3:Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Rights and Responsibilities of CitizenshipCitizenship

Chapter 9


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did the framers of the Constitution try to How did the framers of the Constitution try to

balance state and federal powers?balance state and federal powers? What are the three branches of the federal What are the three branches of the federal

government, and what are the requirements government, and what are the requirements for membership in each branch?for membership in each branch?

How is power divided between the three How is power divided between the three branches of government?branches of government?

Section 1: Section 1: Understanding the ConstitutionUnderstanding the Constitution


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Balance of PowerBalance of PowerThe constitution tried to balance the state and The constitution tried to balance the state and federal government by giving each the following federal government by giving each the following powers:powers:Delegated powersDelegated powers – federal government – federal governmentReserved powersReserved powers – state government – state governmentConcurrent powersConcurrent powers – shared by state and – shared by state and

federal governmentfederal government



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Three Branches of the Federal GovernmentThree Branches of the Federal Government Legislative BranchLegislative Branch Executive BranchExecutive Branch Judicial BranchJudicial Branch



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Requirements for MembershipRequirements for Membership Legislative BranchLegislative Branch

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is electedresident of state in which he or she is elected

SenateSenate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she representsstate he or she represents

Executive Branch Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 yearsresident for 14 years

Judicial BranchJudicial Branch – appointed by president for life, no – appointed by president for life, no special requirementsspecial requirements



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What are the main freedoms outlined within the What are the main freedoms outlined within the

First Amendment, and why are they important?First Amendment, and why are they important? How does the Bill of Rights address colonial How does the Bill of Rights address colonial

grievances listed in the Declaration of grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence?Independence?

What protections does the Bill of Rights give to What protections does the Bill of Rights give to people accused of crimes?people accused of crimes?

Section 2: Section 2: The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights


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Main Freedoms Outlined in the First Main Freedoms Outlined in the First Amendment and Their ImportanceAmendment and Their Importance The First Amendment guarantees freedom of The First Amendment guarantees freedom of

religion, press, speech, assembly and the right religion, press, speech, assembly and the right to petition.to petition.

These rights are important because they form These rights are important because they form the most basic rights of all citizens.the most basic rights of all citizens.



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The Second, Third, and Fourth The Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments address colonial grievances.Amendments address colonial grievances. SecondSecond – state militia – state militia ThirdThird – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime FourthFourth – no unreasonable searches and – no unreasonable searches and

seizures/search warrantsseizures/search warrants



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The Rights of the Accused – The Rights of the Accused – 55thth, 6, 6thth, 7, 7thth, and 8, and 8thth Amendments Amendments 55thth Amendment Amendment – due process of law, – due process of law,

indictment, no person forced to testify at his indictment, no person forced to testify at his own trial, no double jeopardyown trial, no double jeopardy

6th Amendment6th Amendment – quick trial by jury, nature – quick trial by jury, nature and cause accusation, confronted with the and cause accusation, confronted with the witness against him, obtaining witnesses in witness against him, obtaining witnesses in his favor, right to an attorneyhis favor, right to an attorney



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The Rights of the Accused – The Rights of the Accused – 55thth, 6, 6thth, 7, 7thth, and 8, and 8thth Amendments Amendments 7th Amendment7th Amendment – jury can decide civil cases – jury can decide civil cases 8th Amendment8th Amendment – no excessive bail, fines, or – no excessive bail, fines, or

cruel and unusual punishmentcruel and unusual punishment


(continued)


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How can a person become a U.S. citizen?How can a person become a U.S. citizen? What are some of the most important What are some of the most important

responsibilities of citizenship?responsibilities of citizenship? Why should citizens be involved with their Why should citizens be involved with their

community and government?community and government?

Section 3: Rights andSection 3: Rights andResponsibilities of CitizenshipResponsibilities of Citizenship


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Becoming a U.S. CitizenBecoming a U.S. Citizen birthbirth naturalizationnaturalization



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Duties of CitizensDuties of Citizens fulfill civic responsibilitiesfulfill civic responsibilities obey and know the lawsobey and know the laws respect authority and the rights of othersrespect authority and the rights of others pay taxespay taxes protect the nation in time of dangerprotect the nation in time of danger serve on juriesserve on juries



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Citizen InvolvementCitizen InvolvementCitizens should be involved in their community Citizens should be involved in their community and government to and government to strengthen their nation strengthen their nation help their neighborshelp their neighbors


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C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 1 CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present) Section 1:Understanding the Constitution