c '11 't

. and Canada, $3.0 ign, $4.00

The Sporting Firear

The staff

Dave Wolfe President and Editor

Mark Harris Publisher

AI Miller Assistant Editor

Holly McLean-Aldis Copy Editor

Jana Kosco Aduertising Manager

Ted Curtis Promotion Manager

Dave LeGate Art Director

Becky Pinkley Production Supervisor

Tammy Rossi Circulation Manager

Mardell Harms Ruth Robinson Diana Corkery

Circulation Sharon Zalitis

Book Sales Manager Dave Culver

Photographer Ellen Pultz

Publication Assistant

Technical Sam 'Fadala Skip Gordon Bob Hagel Neal Knox Wallace Labisky Ed Matunas Ludwig Olson Dave Scovill Layne Simpson Charles K. Suydam Mike Venturino Ken Waters

ISSN 0162-3583 j,

Number 114 - November-December 1987 - Volume 19, Number 6

FEA TURES

C o r r e c t i n g t h e Revolver's Cri t ica l D i m e n s i o n s . . . . Veral Smith 1 8

Loading A m m u n i t i o n ... Winchester 's S t y l e ....... Al Miller 22

O n e G u n , O n e Load Ruger N o . I on Safari ..................... .Dave Wolfe 25

T h e Army's Accurized M16A2: C a n ( a n d Should) It Compete? . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jan Manning 2 8

30 H a p p y B i r t h d a y .22 Long R i f l e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sam Fadala

Paul A. Matthews Makes a H a p p y B i r t h d a y . 2 2 L o n g R i f l e ............... .Paul A. Matthews 34

Of Dots a n d C r o s s h a i r s . . . P r e m i e r R e t i c l e s .................... .Greg Matthews 36

42 R e m i n g t o n I n t r o d u c e s FMS to G u n m a k i n g .... Layne Simpson

DEPARTMENTS

S p o t t i n g Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A i m i n g for A n s w e r s . . . . . . . 14 C l a s s i c Rif les . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 D e a r E d i t o r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 F a m o u s R i f l e m e n . . . . . . . . . . 6 P r o d u c T e s t s . . . . . . . . . . . . :: 6 2 Air R i f l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 B o o k Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . .69 B e n c h r e s t R e p o r t . . . . . . . . . 10 P r o d u c t & S e r v i c e News . . . . 7 2 R e a d e r R e s e a r c h . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 T r o p h y P o i n t e r s . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 A m e r i c a n G u n m a k e r s . . . . . . 1 2

O N T H E COVER Although A.C. Oould is known to have fired prototype .22 Long K i f l e car t r idges a s early a s J u l y 1885, 1887 is generally accepted as t h e little rimfires natal year. Since then, an amazing variety of specialized, target a n d hunt ing loads have been produced. The two U M C boxes in t h e foreground are probably pre-1900. They were loaned by collector-dealer .Jim Tillinghast. The rifle i5 a Marlin Model 1897 which was shipped from the factory it1 December 1902. Photo by Dave Culver.

COPYRIGHT 1987

Rifle Magazine is published bi-monthly by Wolfe Publishing Co , Inc (Dave Wolfe, President). 6471 Air- park Drive. Prescolt. Arizona 86301 (Also publisher of Handloader Magazine ) Telephone (602) 445-7810 Second Class Postage paid at Prescott, Arizona, and additional mailing offices Subscription prices U.S. possessions and Canada - single issue. $3.00; 6 issues. $16.00: 12 issues, $30.00; 18 issues. $40.00 Foreign -single issue, $4.00, 6 issues. $23.00, 12 issues. $43.00; I8 issues, $60.00 Advertis- ing rates furnished on request All rights reserved.

Publisher of Rifle is not responsible lor mishaps of any n a m e which might occur from use of published data. or from recommendations by any member 01 The Staff No part 01 this publication may be reproduced without written permission lrom the editor Manuscripts from free-lance writers must be accompanied by stamped self-addressed envelope and the publisher cannot accept responsibility for lost or mutilated

@*IS 1"' <? * e s " p m *@ ,<

4 Change of address please give six weeks notice. Send both old and new address, plus mailing label if possihle, to Circulation Dept , Rifle Magazine. 6471 Airpark Drive. Prescotf. Arizona 86301

I 1 NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1987 3

Our most sophisticated air rifle the High-Quality, High Performing RWS Diana Model 75 TO1 "Match-Level" is a prime example of our never ending quest for the ultimate accurate airgun. Afixed barrel, sidelevelcockingair rifle the Model 75 TO1 is capable of consis- tent center-to-center .06" groups at 25 feet. At the heart of the Model 75 TO1 is a double-action piston system that completely eliminates recoil and vibra- tion on firing. Additional features include an adjust- able match trigger, and oil finished Walnut Stock.

The RWS Diana Model 75 TO1 is avail- able in three other versions. * Model 75HV TO1 - for 3-position

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8

AIR RIFLES J. LGALAN

Buying a Used Spring-Piston Rifle HE DEMAND FOR adult-class airguns of all types is growing rapidly T as more and more people discover the many advantages and pleasures

of airgun shooting. Sales of most types of airguns are brisk, creating, in turn, a market for used airguns, as many shooters turn in older airguns as partial payment toward new models. Often an attempt is made to sell the airgun to another individual, rather than use it as a trade-in. That is really the preferred method of disposing of an older airgun, because dealers are seldom willing to pay more than a token sum for most used airguns, regardless of condition.

As the number of available used airguns grows, so do the opportunities for folks on tight budgets to obtain top-name models at very attractive prices. That is particularly the case with some spring-piston air rifles from leading European manufacturers, which are usually quite a bit more expensive, when

left, a Milbro model in like-new condition. Unfortunately, spare parts for it are practically nonexistent since its maker closed its doors years ago. Center, when checking over a used barrel-cocker, be sure to examine the breech seal's condition and make sure there's no play in the barrel joint. Right, the rotating breech-plug (arrow) of many side-lever and under-lever guns is an extremely critical part. It must never be allowed to get nut of alignment with the bore or become so loose it allows air to escape.

RIFLE 114

new, than Americanpneumatic and CO2 guns. There are, however, certain things to look for in a used spring-piston air rifle before you fork over your hard- earned cash.

If the used air rifle you intend to buy has an under-lever or side-lever cocking mechanism, chances are it will have a rotating breech-plug or pellet chamber. Look-this area over carefully to ascer- tain that it is functioning correctly. The breech-plug should pivot smoothly - albeit providing a snug, air-tight seal - from the closed to open positions and vice-versa. There shouldn’t be any ex- cessive stiffness there. Conversely, if the breech-plug is loose, it is almost certain that air is escaping past it when the rifle is fired, probably causing serious damage to the piston and mainspring back in the compression cylinder. Make sure that the breech-plug is not misaligned with the bore. That is not uncommon in air rifles of this type. Such a condition will produce nothing but inaccuracy.

Those air rifles in which the barrel doubles the cocking lever should be thoroughly checked because they are often the most heavily used (and abused) of all airguns. For example, the breech seal in a barrel-cocker is ab- solutely critical. This 50@ leather or syn- thetic O-ring can cause a great deal of trouble. If the breech seal exhibits deep gouges and (in the case of leather seals) large burns, there is a real possibility that something is seriously wrong. Ask permission to fire a few pellets and while doing so, check for any telltale air blast escaping past the seal. If that is the case, the main power plant components may have been seriously damaged by a lack of air pressure to retard them dur- ing the compression stroke. The breech seal should be properly seated, neither so low that it allows air to leak nor so high that it interferes with the proper closure of the barrel.

Barrel-cocking models sometimes tend to wear heavily where the jaws con- tact the sides of the breechblock. In ex- treme cases, that can lead to side-play of the barrel, which is a definite no-no. If the spring-loaded detent mechanism that is supposed to keep the barrel closed has weakened, there may be some vertical play in the barrel when the latter is closed. The combination of both maladies is a guarantee that a rifle so afflicted will throw those pellets all over the place. Make sure that the large barrel retaining bolt is tight as play in this component may contribute to an unsteady barrel. The barrel itself should be checked to determine if it is abso- lutely straight. I have seen my fair share of bent barrels - a sure-fire sign of ‘people banging them open during the

NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1987

cocking process. The barrel can be checked fir straightness by simply plac- ing a long ruler or straightedge on it, or by opening the barrel and looking through it from the breech end a t a source of light. If the circles of light visible as you glance down the bore are not perfectly concentric, the barrel is probably bent. I t has been my ex- perience that, when properly treated, barrels don’t bend, even after years and years of use.

The mainspring should always be in- spected. That can be easily accom- plished by removing the stock, which will expose a good portion of the mainspring through the cocking arm slot in the bottom of the compression cylinder. Look critically at the spacing of the coils. If they are uneven or too close together, it is almost a certainty that the mainspring needs replacing. The best way to confirm that is by fir- ing the rifle over a chronograph. If the rifle consistently falls short of its adver- tised muzzle velocity by 80 fps or more, chances are the power plant is in need of repairs. The mainspring may be worn out, or the piston seal may be burned - the result of severe dieseling - or otherwise damaged.

If power plant components are in dire need of lubrication, that will manifest itself during the cocking stroke. The latter will be unduly stiff, accompanied by uncharacteristic scraping noises which, incidentally, may also indicate that the mainspring itself is broken. A great deal about the condition of a spring-piston rifle can be gleaned by simply peeking through that cocking arm slot, so don’t be shy.

In high-power or magnum spring- piston air rifles, the stock can take a heck of a beating due to the peculiar double-snap the guns produce. The pistol grip area of the stock is par- ticularly susceptible to cracking in some instances so go over that area carefully. Even a small, incipient crack can ruin the stock of a powerful air-sporter in short order.

Spring-piston air rifles are quite sturdy and are usually built to last for many years, even with minimal care. In my collection, I have some BSA models that predate World War I and are still in excellent working condition. I have also seen models barely five years old that were veritable wrecks by the time their owners tried to sell them. Beware of brands which are no longer available because the manufacturer either went out of business or is located in a country that doesn’t do much business with the US. If the price is right, by all means buy one if it is in good condition, but keep in mind that replacement parts may be nonexistent should something break. 0

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. machineguns! It‘scornpact. bright. rug- ged and extrernely accurate But it has one big advantage over the SS-2 and most other scopes- i t s lighted Yes! The Beernan SS-2L ’ Skylite” riflescope features a brilliantly illuminated white or red reticle. powered by daylight and even moonlight. Absolutely no batteries necessary! You won’t be left helpless, without an aiming point. due to battery or electronic failure! Several supplernen- tarycolor filtersare available for different shooting purposes as well as a small battery operated light for use in total darkness. At your local dealer or direct.

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EMORABLE GIFTS r Handloaders and Shooters.

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Paul A. Matthews makes a

Grease Wad EXtPUder

1 HAVE USED grease wads - or more correctly, lubricating wads -

with cast bullets off and on for the past 35 years. While I cannot say they make an accurate load more accurate, they certainly don’t make it inaccurate. Further, if you have a load which doesn’t deliver its best because of its tendency to lead the barrel, the use of a grease wad will often correct the situation.

There is nothing new about grease wads. They were used extensively in black powder cartridge rifles, including some of the old government ammuni- tion for the .45-70, though the reason was to keep the fouling soft for suc- ceeding shots. Occasionally, grease wads were used with some of the early .22 high velocity cartridges.

I used to use grease wads extensively in the .45-70 with the old plain base Gould hollowpoint bullet cast 1 to 16 and loaded with 53 grains of IMR-3031. In those days, I often made wads from beef or deer tallow by pouring the melted tallow Over a pan of hot water and then letting the whole thing cool, leaving a sheet of solidified tallow on top. That was easily removed and stored in the refrigerator until the time came to use it. Later, I cut thin felt wads from old hats and dipped them in melted tallow. They worked equally as well as the straight tallow wads.

In more recent years - any time from 10 to 15 years ago - I purchased some IPCO wads, but felt they were a bit stiff for the .45-70. They were probably perfect for high intensity cartridges, but didn’t open up any new horizons in the .45-70. Nevertheless, in their ribbon form (about one inch wide and three or four inches long), they were extremely handy to use and didn’t require any space in milady’s refrigerator.

About that time, I decided I had to have a grease wad extruder to use with my old Hollywood press. My intent was to use some of the Lyman graphite bullet lubricant, or possibly Aloxibeeswax, extruding it into ribbons

one inch wide and about YI6 inch thick. Once you have the lubricant in ribbon form, it is an easy matter to press the mouth of a charged case against it and thumb a grease wad into it.

For some reason unknown to me now, once I had my extruder built, I made only a halfhearted attempt to use it, and it rested in the top of the press for several years. Recently, however, Duane Benton of Rooster Laboratories (BOX 19514, Kansas City MO 64141), sent me a small tin of what he calls LW-1 Lube Wad. In his letter of transmittal he said, “I hope you know how to make it into Ya2 or TI, inch thick sheets. We call it Lube Wad, LW-1. I t has a 250 degree F melting point which will protect the powder. Even at elevated temperatures, it should not sweat lubricants to its surface.”

An hour after reading Duane’s letter, I had my grease wad extruder set up and had converted the LW-1 Lube Wad into the prettiest red lube ribbons I’ve ever seen. After using grease wads from LW-1, I am now convinced they will be standard fare in my .45-70’s with cast bullets.

Although the grease wad extruder was designed primarily for use with a Hollywood press, it will work equally well in any press accommodating Xx14 dies. Some lubricants, like the old Lyman graphite lube, may have to be warmed a bit so that the ribbon doesn’t split as i t is extruded. Some Aloxlbeeswax lubes might prwe too soft to hold a good ribbon form. The LW-1 Lube Wad and undoubtedly some others have just the right consistency for extruding.

With the increased interest in cast bullets, it is quite likely that the use of grease wads will again become popular, especially with plain base bullets. The accompanying drawings show the di- mensions of the various parts needed to make an excellent grease wad extruder. You will need access to a lathe and mill- ing machine, or a friend who has such equipment.

All parts are machined from steel - at least, mine are - although I’m cer- tain brass or aluminum would work as well. Make certain the cylinder has a smooth finish inside and a close fit tvith the piston head. That will help prevent a build-up of lubricant, and will provide easy functioning of the piston.

The piston is machined from two parts, the piston rod being a piece of y16 inch diameter cold rolled steel with a ?4 inch diameter stud to which the piston head is pressed. The groove in the piston head is to accommodate a rubber O-ring with a one inch outside diameter by 1”/16 inch inside diameter. If desired, the piston can be machined from one piece.

The overall length of the piston may vary with the loading press on which the extruder is to be used. To determine the overall length of the piston, place a shellholder that will accommodate the &inch diameter end of the pistori rod (an RCBS No. 7 or 14 works fine) on the ram and move the ram to its uppermost position. Now measure from the top of the press (where the loading die is seated) to the face of the shellholder. Add 4% inches to that measurement. That will give the required overall length of the piston to assure that the piston head will be flush with the top of the cylinder when the ram is in its up- permost position.

The slot in the cap should be smooth and have square ends. Obviously, you can make the slot any width you choose, depending on the thickness of the lube ribbon required. Or you can make any number of caps, each with a different slot width. The slot on my extruder h a p pens to be .070 inch wide, because in milling it, we had to use a .070 inch thick hacksaw blade to square the slot’s ends. A Y16 inch milling cutter was used to mill the slot.

-

Assemble the extruder by placing the piston inside the cylinder so that the piston rod extends through the .438 inch diameter hole a t the bottom of the cylinder. Now, lower the ram on the

RIFLE 114 34

press and install the proper shellholder. Thread the cylinder into the top of the press until it is firmly seated, then push the piston down until the piston rod contacts the shellholder. Fill the cylinder with LW-1 Lube Wad, or any

cap on the cylinder. Give a firm, steady push on the loading press handle to force a ribbon of lubricant from the slot

When extruding grease wads, I u sudy make the ribbons about 4 inches long and place them between sheets of waxed paper so they won't stick together. Then I store the ribbons in a box where they won't pick up dust and will be ready for the next loading session.

While using a wad with a lead alloy bullet may add another operation and require additional equipment, there are some positive advantages to be gained. As mentioned earlier, grease wads do a lot to help prevent leading - they lubricate the barrel behind the bullet, thus preparing it for the next bullet. Their effectiveness in reducing or eliminating a leaded bore is on a par with or maybe even better than that of the metal gas check. I cannot help but believe that the pressu&s and heat from

v lubricant of your choice, and screw the

P in the cap of the extruder.

the powder gases drive some of the lubricant into the metal's pores.

In view of that last statement, the functioning of grease wads is something of a mystery. One would think that a wad with a melting temperature of 250 degrees Fahrenheit would be nothing but a vaporized smear by the time it reached the muzzle of a 22-inch barrel. Not necessarily true. I have fired loads using grease wads over clean snow, then retrieved them, undamaged, 15 to 30 feet from the muzzle of the rifle - despite the fact that temperatures in- side the barrel ran from 2,000 to 3,000 degrees F.

That grease wads work will be evident by the reduction or elimination of leading. Further: you can often feel a dif- ference in the bore of the rifle when running a dry patch through it.

That they don't always melt in the barrel - a t least with loads like 15.5 grains of Unique behind a 355-grain bullet in the .45-70 - is a puzzlement, especially considering that barrel time, the time the grease wad is exposed to hot powder gases, is longer for a light load than for a heavy load. Of course, the duration of high temperature

powder gases and high pressures is probably greater from a heavy load.

In using grease wads, there are a few things you should remember: First, the grease should be sticky enough to cling to the wall of the cartridge case and not fall away from the base of the bullet. After all, two of the functions of a wad, particularly with plain base bullets, are to protect the base of the bullet and create a seal around the edge of the base. Second, with this same thought in mind, make certain that you don't seat the bullet so deep in a bottlenecked case that the grease is pushed into the powder chamber, thus losing its sealing qualities. Third, in making grease wads, I much prefer a fairly soft, pliable lubri- cant. Some of the grease wad material I have used in the past was so stiff that it cracked as it was thumbed into the wide-mouth .45-70 case. I can't help but question the effectiveness of such a lubricant.

The bottom line is that grease wads with cast bullets and smokeless loads open up a lot of uncharted territory. If this all sounds good to you, the grease wad extruder will help provide an end- less supply of wads a t 'an economical price. 0

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The Land of Foot Prints by Stewart Edward White A nine-month foot safari in 1910 by one of,the first Americans to hunt East Africa. H e carried one of the first four Sprinafield.Sporters ever made.

Little Big Horn by Robert C . Kain Here is a truly rare account, a s nearly eye-witness a s can be found, an interesting, intriguing perspective of the Custer battle - by an old Cavalryman. Catalog *554 Softbound 4p1545- SALE $400

The Commercial Mauser '98 Sporting Rifle by Les Womack This book covers the hunting rifle manufactured by Mauser through 1945. Catalog "555

SALE $18.00 I Hardbound

Handloading for Hunters by Don Zutz Zutz not only gives the mechanical basics of handloading, more importantly he explains the essence of what constitutes a good load. Catalog "566 Hardbound

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SALE $9.00

SALE $2 3.0 0 Catalog "580y4 Hardbound

Camp and Tiail by Stewart Edward White White's methods for extended stays in rugged country. _ -

SALE $23.00 Catalog "580.5 Hardbound-$25rf)6-

The Long Rifle by Stewart Edward White The story of Daniel Boone's rifle and his adventures.

SALE '23.00 Catalog "580.6 Hardbound +i2560-

Lions in the Path by Stewart Edward White * Bow huntina for lions in old British East Africa.

SALE $23 00 Catalog "580.7 Hardbound

The Forest by Stewart Edward White* North Woods wilderness hunting and hiking around the turn of the century.

SALE $23.00 Catalog "580.8 Hardbound-

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* Christmas delivery not guaranteed.