rgt The Space RaceBy Sharon Fabian

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Sometimes a bad situation can have surprisingly goodresults The Cold War between the Uhited States and theSoviet Union was a bad situation and a very dangerous oneFor years citizens of both countries feared the outbreak of aterrible war between their countries However there were goodresults of the Cold War at least in one area In the area ofspace exploration the Cold War spurred both the United Statesand the Soviet Union on to more and more discoveries This so-called space race would never have happened if it hadnt been for the ColdWar

2 The space race resulted in great scientific discoveries for both countries In theend after the Cold War was finished it also provided a project for both the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union to work on together

3 It began in the 1950s soon after the beginning of the Cold War The UnitedStates was working on its first earth-orbiting satellite At the time we didnt know it but so was the Soviet Union

4 We found out on October 4 1957 the day when the Soviet Union launched its~ first satellite Sputnik I into space An A-1 rocket boosted Sputnik into space from

its base in the Soviet republic of Kazakhstan Its first orbit of the Earth took about95 minutes traveling at a speed of 18000 miles per hour Sputnik stayed in spacefor 57 days

5 This must have been a day to celebrate for the Soviet people but in theUnited States it was a day of panic If the Soviet Union could launch a scientificrocket then it could also launch a military rocket The big fear was that the SovietUnion would be able to fire a nuclear bomb all the way to the United States withthis new technology

6 Right away the United States stepped up its own space program By January31 of the next year the US was ready Explorer I launched into orbit

7 In 1958 the United States also passed the Space Act which created NASAEver since then NASA the National Aeronautics and Space Administration hasbeen in charge of our space program Another effect of Sputnik was that schools inthe United States began teaching more math and science Colleges began to offercourses in rocket science

8 Meanwhile the space race continued The Soviet Union sent up more~ Sputniks and the United States sent up more Explorers Then both countries

moved on to bigger challenges For a while the Soviet Union was in the lead Oneof its cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space The Soviet

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Union also built the first space station Later the United States moved into thelead when it landed the first manned spacecraft on the moon

9 At this time the Cold War was still in progress and both the Soviet Union andthe United States also used their satellites for military purposes Orbitingsatellites more advanced than the original Sputnik or Explorer were now used byeach country to spy on the other These spy satellites looked for missiles andnuclear weapons They were part of a more dangerous contest known as the armsrace

10 The Cold War was a time of suspicions and mistrust between the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union but just like every other war it finally came to anend Then both countries could look back and see what they had learned from theexperience Both countries had learned a great deal about space travel throughoutthe Cold War years

11 Soon the two countries would be combining their knowledge of space travelto work together on a great science project the international space station

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The Space Race

1 One result of the Cold War was 2 The space race was a competition betweenC) The space race andreg- A peace treaty C) The United States North KoreaCQ) World War I reg- The United States EuropeaD World War II CQ) The Soviet Union the United States

aD The Soviet Union Kazakhstan

3 The space race was a competition to excel in 4 The first man-made satellite to orbit the Earthwas

C) Putting a man on the moon C) A-Ireg- Space discoveries and technology reg- Explorer IICQ) Building a satellite to orbit the earth CQ) Explorer IaD Finding life on other planets aD Sputnik I

5 The first man in space was 6 The Space Act of 1958Cl0 Vladimir Putin Cl0 Started the program to send up spyreg- John Glenn satellitesCQ) Alan Shepard reg- Provided for an Earth orbiting satelliteaD Yuri Gagarin CQ) Started the space race

aD Created NASA

7 Spy satellites were part of the 8 This article is mainly about Cl0 Space race C) A competition that was a part of thereg- Arms race Cold WarCQ) Both - --- reg- A competition that was not takenaD Neither - -- seriously

CQ) A competition that started a cold waraD A friendly competition

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The CoUapse of CommunismBy Sharon Fabian I

From the time communist rule began there were problemsThe ideals imagined by the original communists never cameabout Comm~unist party leaders ruled with absolute power Theytook control of farms and factories Workers did not become

more prosperous as theyhad expected Instead they weretreated harshly and punished cruelly Discontent and unrestwere problems in communist societies from the start and theseproblems worsened as the years went on

2 The economy worsened in communist countries Workerswho were still poor were no longer motivated to work hard Notenough products were being made and notenouqh foodwasbelnq grown Peoplecould not buy the things that they needed The situation went from bad to worse

3 This is one reason why communism did not spread from country to country aspeople had imagined It also helps to explain why communism eventuallycollapsed

4 In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union He tried tomake changes that would improve the economy He began two new policies Oneof them was called glasnost a Russian word that means openness People werenow allowed to speak out against the government The other new policy wasknown as perestroika which means restructuring This was a change back towardsmore lndlvldual ownership of business

5 -8oweve-r--Gcrrb-a-chevschanges did not bring about the improvement in theeconomythat people hoped for

6 At that same time citizens in the republicsthaf nlade-up tnesovtet Unionbegan-to teel that they should rule their own land They wanted independence

7 By 1991 communism could not hold on any longer Gorbachev reslqned andthe Soviet Union was dissolved The republics of the former Soviet Union becameseparate countries The red hammer and sickle flag was replaced by many flagseach one representlnqcne of the newly independent republics The namesArmenia Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Estonia Latvia Lithuania Be arus UkraineGeorgia Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Kyrgyzstan (Kurgystan) Moldova Tajikistanand Russia were added to the world map

a Other countries that had been ruled by communist dictators changed too Theychose new leaders in place of their former communist dictators These countries

- included Poland East Germany -Czechoslovakia_Bulg~ria-~_9m_9_rlaand Hungary

9 Some countries made changes to improve their economy but remained under

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communist rule These included China Cuba Laos North Korea and Vietnam

10 The former communist countries now had economies based on a free marketMany of the countries had turned to a more democratic form of government

11 The changes affected countries all over the world The Cold War endedGovernments began to send diplomats to do business wJth the former communistcountries and international businesses began to trade with these countries too

12 The changes affected everyday people all over the world too People no longerhad to fear that the Cold War would turn into a real nuclear war Many peoplebegan to look forward to democracy spreading even further In many ways theyears after communism collapsed were a hopeful time

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The Collapse of Communism

3 Which country is not a former Soviet republic 4CEgt Turkmenistan

_ ltlf2 Tajikistan _~ PakistanltJD Kazakhstan

1 Which country did not exist after 1991CEgt RussialtlD Soviet UnionCID ChinaltJD Azerbaijan

Which country remained under communistruleCE) Polandcsgt Georgia

j ccgt North KorealtlD Uzbekistan

2 Which country is not a former Soviet republicltA) ArmenialtEgt Belarus~ RomaniaaD Estonia

5 Mikhail Gorbachev ---CEgt Was assassinatedaD Resigned~ Became presidentltlP Became premier

6 Mikhail Gorbachev CE) Lost a war with the UScsgt Led his country in a war~ Made changed to try to improve his countrys economy

- - -----1-- -ltlP Overthrew communism in the SovietUnion

7 Before communism collapsed in the Soviet 8 After communism collapsed in the SovietUnion workers were ~ - Union the republics ltAgt Getting rich CE) Became independentltID Taking over the government csgt Joined togetheraD Still poor ltJD No longer existed(]I) Noneof-th-e-above-- - CID All of the above