Provided by:

Saba Yari

Paria Mohammadi

Yeganeh Mohammadi

Tara Nikzare

Mobina Najafi

Reyhaneh Soleimanian

Teacher’s Name: Mrs. Pouyan

School’s Name: Prof. Hesabi

The Tenth Grade

1395

1

The Table of Contents

Halloween……………………………………………………………………….3

Christmas………………………………………………………………….…….4

Biography of Professor Majid Samii …………………………………….……8

Puzzle…………………………………………………………………….…….10

The 12 most expensive restaurant in the world…………………………...….12

Harry Potter……………………………………………………………….…...14

The Solar System…………………………………………………………..….16

The 10 best Disney animated feature…………………………………………20

The interview whit God……………………………………….…………...….25

Seven Wonders of the World………………………………………..………....27

2

Halloween

In the USA , Halloween is a popular festival. It's on 31st October, and adults and teenagers

often go to fancy dress parties. The them of these parties is usually horror or the

supernatural Restaurants and clubs often have special events too:they prepare food and

drink with a Halloween them, show horror films or invite Gothic rock bands to play.

Children often go trick or treating. They wear scary costumes and visit friends and neighbours

asking for sweets and chocolate. They also make Halloween lanterns with candles inside

and they play traditional games. The festival comes just often the apple harvest, so the

games aften use apples

There are a lot of different beliefs about Halloween. For example, some people think the candle

in a Halloween lantern keeps evil away. If the candle goes out suddenly, a spirit is in the

room. And if 31st October is your birthday, that means you see and talk to spirits!

Other countries have similar festivals at the same time of year. For example, people in Mexico

celebrate a festival candle the day of the Dead on 2nd November. Families go to the local

graveyard to visit their dead relaties and they often have special there. In some parts of

Mexico, they stay all night.

3

Christmas

Christmas or Christmas Day is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ

, observed most commonly on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among

billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is prepared

for by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which

historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night, in some traditions,

Christmastide includes an Octave. The traditional Christmas narrative, the Nativity of Jesus,

delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, in accordance

with messianic prophecies; when Joseph and Mary arrived in the city, the inn had no room and

so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born, with angels proclaiming

this news to shepherds who then disseminated the message furthermore. Christmas Day is a

public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by the vast majority of

Christians, as well as culturally by a number of non-Christian people, and is an integral part of

the holiday season, while some Christian groups reject the celebration. In several countries,

celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with

gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_yearhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_Fasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmastidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_(liturgical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_messianic_prophecieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Josephhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Childhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_holidays_by_countryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_seasonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Eve

Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early-to-mid 4th century

the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date which was later

adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian

calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries

throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on the

December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the

Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is

not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar

should be used to determine the day that is December 25. In the Council of Tours of 567, the

Church, with its desire to be universal, "declared the twelve days between Christmas and

Epiphany to be one unified festal cycle", thus giving significance to both the Western and

Eastern dates of Christmas. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in

the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered

to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Christian_Churchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_calendarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Christian_Churcheshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Tourshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmastidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Sonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin

Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration, there are several

factors that may have influenced the choice. December 25 was the date the Romans marked as

the winter solstice, and Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse. The

date is exactly nine months following Annunciation, when the conception of Jesus is celebrated.

Finally, the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year, so Christmas may

have been scheduled at this time to appropriate, or compete with, one or more of these festivals.

6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annunciation

The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-

Christian, Christian, and secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday

include gift giving, completing an Advent calendar or Advent wreath, Christmas

music and caroling, lighting a Christingle, an exchange of Christmas cards, church services,

a special meal, and the display of various Christmas decorations, including Christmas

trees, Christmas lights, nativity scenes, garlands, wreaths, mistletoe, and holly. In addition,

several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father

Christmas, Saint Nicholas, and Christkind, are associated with bringing gifts to children during

the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore. Because gift-giving and

many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity, the holiday

has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The

economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions

of the world.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pre-Christianhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pre-Christianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advent_calendarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advent_wreathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_musichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_musichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_carolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christinglehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_cardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christmas_disheshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_decorationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_lightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_scenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistletoehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Christmashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Christmashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Nicholashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christkindhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_traditions

Biography

Professor Majid Samii was born in 19 June 1937 in Tehran, Iran and was grown in a scientific

family. After finishing his high school education in Iran, he moved to Germany and started his

medical study at University of Mainz. Regarding his achievements during his medical study and

his final university scores as receiving the highest achievable score in the final medical

examination, he received the prize of Iranian Science Ministry for the best Iranian students in

Europe. After graduation from the medical school and finishing a secondary study in biology,

he started his specialty education in the field of neurosurgery in the University of Mainz and

received his board of neurosurgery in 1970.

In 1971, he became the professor of neurosurgery. In this year he received an offer from the

“National University” of Iran to become professor and chairman of neurosurgical

department. He refused such an important position in order to continue his scientific

career in the University of Mainz. In 1977 he became the Chairman of Neurosurgical

Department in Hannover, Germany (Nordstadt Hospital).Since 1996, he acted as the

chairman of both Neurosurgical Departments in Nordstadt Hospital and Hannover School

of Medicine. In 2000, Professor Samii founded the International Neuroscience Institute

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(INI) in Hannover and was nominated as its President. In 2003 he was retired from the

chairs of Neurosurgical Departments in Nordstadt Hospital and Hannover School of Medicine

and devoted himself to further development of International Neuroscience Institute. In

2010 “Iran International Neuroscience Institute” in Tehran has been planned and the

construction procedure has been started. Professor Madjid Samii is founder and president

of Iran INI, which will be inaugurated in near future.

Professor Madjid Samii was the founding president and founding member of several national

and international foundations and societies. During his scientific life, Professor Samii

received many honorary professorships, honorary doctorates and visiting professorships

from all over the world. Has has also given many honorary and memorial lectures.

Professor Samii is honorary member of many national academies of medical science and

national, international and continental societies of neurosurgery. He has received several

prestigious national and international awards, honors and medals. He was also guest of

honor in many neurosurgical meetings and had given more than 1000 lectures as special

and invited lecturer in international congresses.

Professor Samii is Editor, member of editorial board and honorary editor of many medical

journals. He has ever published 17 books in the field of neurosurgery. His scientific

works are also published in more than 500 scientific articles.

Professor Samii married to Mahshid Samii since 1961 and has two children. His daughter,

Amireh Samii, studied economy and his son, Professor Amir Samii, is a famous professor

of neurosurgery and currently acts as the vice-director of the neurosurgical center at INI-

Hannover.

9

Puzzle

1) What letter of the alphabet is an insect?

2) What letter is a part of the head?

3) What letter is a drink?

4) What letter is a body of water?

5) What letter is a pronoun like "you"?

6) What letter is a vegetable?

7)What letter is an exclamation?

8) What letter is a European bird?

9) What letter is looking for causes ?

10) What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not once in a thousand years?

10

11) In what way can the letter "A" help a deaf lady?

12) Which is the loudest vowel?

13)Why is "U" the happiest letter?

14) What word of only three syllables contains 26 letters?

15) What relatives are dependent on "you"?

16) What has three hands but only one face?

17) Why is the letter "E" so important?

18) Who works only one day in the year but never gets fired?

19)What is black when it is clean, and white when it is dirty?

20) What word is pronounced wrong even by native English speakers?

11

The 12 most expensive restaurant in the world

1. SubliMotion, Ibiza, Spania 2.Ultraviolet, Shanghai, China

3. Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester, London 4. Restaurant Le Meurice, Paris

5. Maison Pic, Drôme, France 6. Masa, New York City

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http://www.alainducasse-dorchester.com/http://www.dorchestercollection.com/en/paris/le-meurice/restaurants-barshttp://www.pic-valence.com/http://masanyc.com/

7. Per Se, New York City 8. Aragawa, Tokyo

9. Kitcho, Kyoto 10. Hôtel de Ville, Crissier, Switzerland

11. Le Pré Catelan, Paris Japan 12. Michel Bras Toya, Lake Toya,

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http://www.perseny.com/http://www.aragawa.co.jp/http://go.redirectingat.com/?id=100111X1555764&site=cntraveler.com&xs=1&isjs=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitcho.com%2Fkyoto%2Fchef_en%2F&xguid=ac983076386baa1d4a1cfd696f20a42c&xuuid=e38614271bd6d9fa1cdeab790a32863e&xsessid=dee1408e373c1d2cc5baaaddf44ce0aa&xcreo=0&xed=0&sref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cntraveler.com%2Fgalleries%2F2014-04-19%2Fthe-most-expensive-restaurants-in-the-world%2F9&xtz=-210

Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels

chronicle the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron

Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main

story arc concerns Harry's struggle against Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to

become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic, and

subjugate all wizards and Muggles.

Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997,

the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide.

The series has now been translated into multiple languages including Irish, Spanish, French,

German and Swedish to name a few. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as

younger readers, and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature. The

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series has also had its share of criticism, including concern about the increasingly dark tone as

the series progressed, as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts. As of May

2013, the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide, making them the best-

selling book series in history, and have been translated into seventy-three languages. The last

four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final

instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours

of its release.

The series was originally published in English by two major publishers, Bloomsbury in the

United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. A play, Harry Potter and the Cursed

Child, based on a story by Rowling, premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace

Theatre, and its script was published by Little, Brown as the eighth book in the series. The

original seven books were adapted into an eight-part film series by Warner Bros. Pictures,

which has become the second highest-grossing film series of all time as of August 2015. The

franchise has also generated much tie-in merchandise, making the Harry Potter brand worth in

excess of $25 billion.

A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming of age and the British school story

(which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror and romance), the world of

Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references.

According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include

prejudice, corruption, and madness.

The success of the books and films has ensured that the Harry Potter franchise continues to

expand, with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in

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2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, a digital platform on which J.K. Rowling

updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films

premiering in November 2016, among many other developments. Most recently, themed

attractions, collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, have been built at

several Universal Parks & Resorts amusement parks around the world.

The Solar System

The solar system is the Sun and the objects that travel around it. The Earth is part of the solar

system because it also travels around the sun

The Sun is a star similar to the other stars in the sky but it is much closer to the Earth. The Sun

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is mostly a big ball of gases composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.

There are seven other planets that travel around the sun, too. These planets, in order,

include Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Earth is located

between Venus and Mars. The path the planets use when traveling around the sun is oval-

shaped and is called its orbit. Each of the planets in the solar system take a different amount of

time to orbit or travel around the Sun.

The planet Earth takes 365 days or one year to orbit the Sun. The other planets take more or less

time to orbit the Sun. It takes Mercury less than two months or 88 days to travel around the Sun.

It is the shortest time compared to the other

planets. The planet taking the longest time to

go around the Sun is Neptune. It takes

Neptune almost 165 years to travel around the

Sun.

The planets of the solar system are also a

variety of sizes and are made up of different

substances. The largest planet in the solar

system is Jupiter. Over 1,000 Earths could fill the size of Jupiter. The smallest planet is

Mercury, which is also the closest planet to the Sun. Earth and Venus are similar in size to each

other. The four inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are made of rock containing

many different minerals. The four outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are

mostly made up of different gases.

Jupiter is mainly helium, hydrogen,

and water. The four outer planets also

have rings that encircle them with

Saturn having the most rings.

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Other objects in space include the moons of six

planets. A moon is a

celestial object (object in space) that orbits

another body in space. There are approximately

173 moons throughout the solar system. Earth

has a single moon, Mercury and Venus have

none, and the planet with the most moons is

Jupiter with 63. Not far behind Jupiter is Saturn with 62 moons.

The asteroid belt is another object in the solar system. The asteroid belt is approximately

located between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. The asteroid belt contains irregularly

shaped bodies called asteroids which are believed to be left over from the beginning of the

solar system 4.6 billion years ago. The objects are rocky and irregular in shape, and some may

be hundreds of

miles across,

but most of the

asteroids are

very small.

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1) What is the difference between the Sun and the other stars of the universe?

A: The sun is much farther away

B: The sun shines brighter

C: The sun is closer to the Earth

D: The sun is much larger

2) Which of the following shows the correct order of the inner planets?

A: Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars

B: Mars, Mercury, Venus, Earth

C: Venus, Mars, Erath, Mercury

D: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

3) Which of the following is the definition of an asteroid?

A: Irregularly shaped bodies which are believed to be left over from the beginning of the

solar system

B: Celestial objects that orbits another body in space

C: Similar to stars in the sky but they are much closer to the Earth

D: The name of the rings encircling several planets of the solar system

19

The 10 best Disney animated feature film

10. Peter Pan (1953)

This version of J.M. Barrie’s classic tale is perhaps its most recognizable film adaptation, and it

solidified Tinker Bell’s status as a character and trademark all on her own.

9. Bambi (1942)

This is the perfect film to put on if you’d like to watch children have an emotional breakdown

as they realize for the first time their parents’ mortality.

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8. The Little Mermaid (1989)

This paved the way for Disney’s animation revolution in the early ’90s, particularly as it

introduced the songwriting team of Alan Menken and Howard Ashman to a wide audience.

7. Aladdin (1992)

With the participation of Robin Williams as the genie, Aladdin proved that Disney can make

movies that are fun for kids and grown-ups.

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6. Pinocchio (1940)

Pinocchio’s Oscar-winning song, “When You Wish Upon a Star,” has become as synonymous

as Tinker Bell with the Disney brand.

5. Alice in Wonderland (1951)

Most people first encounter Lewis Carroll’s story by seeing this little amazing movie, and the

elements of psychedelia (and, naturally, its popularity within drug culture) gave this film some

staying power.

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4. Cinderella (1950)

Disney’s take on what is arguably the world’s most popular fairy tale is a pretty standard,

straightforward one, but it has proven to be the most classic adaptation of the Cinderella story.

3. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

It’s hard to ignore how important this picture is. As the first feature-length animated film, it

paved the way for pretty much everything we see today. And, like Cinderella, this has become

the definitive version of the Snow White tale.

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2. The Lion King (1994)

Perhaps the most ambitious of Disney’s films, The Lion King presents an original story (albeit

one inspired by the Biblical tales of Moses and Joseph, as well as Hamlet and Macbeth) and

perfectly balances the serious and comedic tones. With the successful stage adaptation directed

by Julie Taymor, The Lion King may be the most enduring film in Disney’s catalog.

1. Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Beauty and the Beast single-handedly changed the animation game, combining traditional

animation techniques with CGI technology, and was the first animated film in history to be

nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture. Not only did its writers take a more modern

stance when crafting its characters, but the film incorporated elements of musical theater to

reinvigorate the movie-musical genre.

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THE INTERVIEW WITH GOD

I dreamed I had an interview with God.

So you would like to interview me? God asked.

If you have the time? I said.

God smiled:My time is eternity.

What questions do you have in mind for me?

What surprises you most about humankind?

God answered...

That they get bored with childhood,

they rush to grow up, and then.

long to be children again.

That they lose their health to make money...

and then lose their money to restore their health.

That by thinking anxiously about the future,.

they forget the present,

such that they live in neither the present nor the future.

"That they live as if they will never die,

and die as though they had never lived.

we were silent for a while.

And then I asked..

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As a parent, what are some of life's lessons you want your children to learn

To learn they cannot make anyone love them.

All they can do

is let themselves be loved.

To learn that it is not good to compare themselves to others.

To learn to forgive by practicing forgiveness.

To learn that it only takes a few seconds to open profound wounds in those they love,

and it can take many years to heal them.

To learn that a rich person

is not one who has the most,but is one who needs the least

To learn that there are people who love them dearly,

but simply have not yet learned how to express or show their feelings.

To learn that two people can

look at the same thing and see it differently?

To learn that it is not enough that they

forgive one another, but they must also forgive themselves.

"Thank you for your time," I said

"Is there anything else you would like your children to know"

God smiled and said,Just know that I am here... always.

26

seven wonders of the world

is the first known list of the most remarkable Ancient World the Seven Wonders of The

sightseers Hellenic ; it was based on guidebooks popular amongantiquityl classica creations of

rim. The number seven was chosen Mediterranean and only includes works located around the

because the Greeks believed it represented perfection and plenty, and because it was the number

Many similar lists have been made ]

nciently, plus the sun and moon.of the five planets known a

Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of

Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering

what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the

only one to remain largely intact.

Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to fourth

dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb

over a 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the

Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years.

Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface;

what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered

the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and

alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted

construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from

a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_pyramidshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giza_pyramid_complexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_G%C3%AEzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khufuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptologistshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_the_world#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

The Hanging Gardens were described as a remarkable feat of engineering: an ascending series

of tiered gardens containing all manner of trees, shrubs, and vines. The gardens were said to

have looked like a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks.

Traditionally they were said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-

day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. The Babylonian priest Berossus, writing in about 290 BC

and quoted later by Josephus, attributed the gardens to the Neo-

Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled between 605 and 562 BC. There are no extant

Babylonian texts which mention the gardens, and no definitive archaeological evidence has

been found in Babylon.

Colossus of Rhodes

The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek titan-god of the sun Helios, erected in the

city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. One of

the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it was constructed to celebrate Rhodes' victory over

the ruler of Cyprus, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, whose son unsuccessfully besieged Rhodes in

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babil_Governoratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berossushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes_(city)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chares_of_Lindoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus

305 BC. According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70

cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high—the approximate height of the modern Statue of

Liberty from feet to crown—making it the tallest statue of the ancient world. It was destroyed

during the earthquake of 226 BC, and never rebuilt.

As of 2015, there are tentative plans to build a new Colossus at Rhodes Harbour, although the

actual location of the original remains in dispute.

Lighthouse of Alexandria

contemporary Pharos of Alexandria , sometimes called theLighthouse of Alexandria he

between 280 and 247 BC which was Ptolemaic Kingdom built by the lighthouse , was aKoine

, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World One of the ft) tall. m (394 and 449 between 120 and 137

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for many centuries. Badly damaged made structures in the world-tallest man it was one of the

hen became an abandoned ruin. It was the by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323, it t

and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus third longest surviving ancient wonder (after the

) until 1480, when the last of its remnant stones were used to build Great Pyramid of Giza extant

on the site. In 1994, French archaeologists discovered some remains of Citadel of Qaitbay the

Ministry of State of The the lighthouse on the floor of Alexandria's Eastern Harbour.

in Egypt has planned, as of late 2015, to turn submerged ruins of ancient Antiquities

Alexandria, including those of the Pharos, into an underwater museum.

Temple of Artemis

The Temple of Artemis or Artemisionalso known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was

a Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis. It was located in Ephesus (near the modern

town of Selçuk in present-day Turkey). One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it

was completely rebuilt three times before its final destruction in 401 AD. Only foundations and

sculptural fragments of the latest of the temples at the site remain.

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The first sanctuary (temenos) antedated the Ionic immigration by many years, and dates to

the Bronze Age. Callimachus, in his Hymn to Artemis, attributed it to the Amazons. In the 7th

century BC, the old temple was destroyed by a flood. Its reconstruction began around 550 BC,

under the Cretan architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes, at the expense

of Croesus of Lydia: the project took 10 years to complete. The temple was destroyed in 356

BC by an act of arson and was again rebuilt, this time as the Wonder.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

made by the ft) tall, m (43 was a giant seated figure, about 13 Statue of Zeus at Olympia The

around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in Phidias Greek sculptor

wooden of ivory plates and gold panels over a sculpture there. A Temple of Zeus the

sitting on an elaborate cedar wood throne ornamented Zeus framework, it represented the god

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Seven Wonders of the Ancient with ebony, ivory, gold and precious stones. One of the

it was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD with no copy ever being found, and ]

,rldWo

details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus was a tomb built between 353 and

350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian

Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria.The structure was designed by

the Greek architects Satyros and Pythius of Priene.

The Mausoleum was approximately 45 m (148 ft) in height, and the four sides were adorned

with sculptural reliefs, each created by one of four Greek sculptors—

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Leochares, Bryaxis, Scopas of Paros and Timotheus. The finished structure of the mausoleum

was considered to be such an aesthetic triumph that Antipater of Sidon identified it as one of

his Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was destroyed by successive earthquakes from the

12th to the 15th century, the last surviving of the six destroyed wonders.

The word mausoleum has now come to be used generically for an above-ground tomb.

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