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17.2 Kidneys
By Yoon Kim and Allen Shin
IntroductionUrinary System removes certain slats and
nitrogenous wastes
Helps maintain the normal concentrations of water and electrolyses within body fluids, regulates pH and volume of body fluids, and help control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Pair of kidneys – remove substance from blood
Pair of tubular ureters- transport urine from kidney
Tubular urethra- conveys urine to the outside of the body
Kidneys Kidney is a reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ
Kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column and are positioned retroperitoneally (behind parietal peritoneum)
Connective tissues and adipose tissues surround the kidneys to hold them in position
Structure of the kidneys Medial depression caused by the lateral and
medial surface of the kidneys creates a depression into hollow chamber called renal sinus
Inside the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped sac expands from the end of the ureter.
Functions of the Kidneys
Secretes hormone erythropoietin to help control the rate of red blood cell production
Activates vitamin D
Helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin
Renal Blood Vessels Renal arteries : Supply blood to the kidneys
Afferent arterioles : the final branches of the interlobular arteries; lead to the nephrons
Renal Vein: joins the inferior vena cava as it courses through the abdominal cavity
Nephrons Kidney contains 1 million nephrons
Nephrons consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule
Fluid flows through renal tubules out of the body
Nephrons Renal corpuscle is composed of glomerulus
blood capillaries.
Glomerulus capillaries filter fluids
Thin walled, saclike structure called glomerular capsule surrounds the glomerulus
Nephron Blood SupplyAfter passing through the glomerular
capillaries, blood enters efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole resists blood flow which then backs up blood into the glomerulus
Peritubular capillary system surrounds the renal tubule
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Juxtaglomerular cells: smooth muscle cells attached to the walls of arterioles near glomerulus
Juxtaglomerular apparatus: fuction in the control of renin secretion
Review Questions
Review Questions1. Kidneys activates vitamin ____
2. __________: Supply blood to the kidneys
3. _______________: the final branches of the interlobular arteries; lead to the nephrons
4. ________: joins the inferior vena cava as it courses through the abdominal cavity
5. ________ capillaries filter fluids