TEXTILESBy: Megan Luca, Trevor Reese, and Inhyeok Hwang

FAMOUS PEOPLE

John Kay- invented the flying shuttle*

James Hargreaves- invented the spinning ”jenny”

Arkwright- opened the spinning mill to bring together workers *

Samual Crompton- combined the spinning jenny and the water frame to make pinning mule

Edmund Cartwright- created a loom powered by water *

Eli Whitney- created the cotton gin

Thomas Newcomen- produced the first successful steam engine *

James Watt- invented several improvements to steam engines in 1769

INVENTIONS

Flying shuttle- cord mechanism that moved the woof thread quickly across the bottom

Warp- set up with series of threads *

Spinning jenny- produced eight times as many as single thread spinning wheels *

Water frame- powered by water

Factory system- brought workers together

Cotton gin- equivalent to fifty people working *

Steam engine- pump water from mines *

WAGES AND HOURS: Children as young as six years old during the industrial revolution worked hard hours for little

or no pay.

children sometimes worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break. This was a little bit on the extreme, but it was not common for children who worked in factories to work 12-14 hours with the same minimal breaks

common for children to be using or working near. Many accidents occurred injuring or killing children on the job. Not until the Factory Act of 1833 did things improve.

Not until the Factory Act of 1833 did things improve. Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult would get, and sometimes factory owners would get away with paying them nothing.

Orphans were the ones subject to this slave-like labor. The factory owners justified their absence of payroll by saying that they gave the orphans food, shelter, and clothing, all of which were far below par.

"They [boys of eight years] used to get 3d [d is the abbreviation for pence] or 4d a day. Now a man's wages is divided into eight eighths; at eleven, two eighths; at thirteen, three eighths; at fifteen, four eighths; at twenty, a man's wages About 15s [shillings]."

TREATMENT: The treatment of children in factories was often cruel and unusual, and the

children's safety was generally neglected.

The youngest children … were commonly sent to be assistants to textile workers. The people who the children served would beat them, verbally abuse them, and take no consideration for their safety. 

"weighted." An overseer would tie a heavy weight to worker's neck, and have them walk up and down the factory aisles so the other children could see them and "take example." This could last up to an hour. Weighting could lead to serious injuries in the back and/or neck. 

IMPACT ON GREAT BRITAIN - PROS: Increased production meant that industrialized nations, such as Britain, produced

more than could be consumed.

A small town called Manchester, England grew rapidly and industrialized the textile production. In 1771, the town had the population of 22,000. 50 years later the population of Manchester reached 180,000 (A History of Manchester).

Steam engines were basically derived from the technological development of textiles making.

But all in all the sales of textiles brought wealth and more traders to Britain.

IMPACT ON GREAT BRITAIN - CONS: Henry Mayhew, an English social researcher, studied the London poor in

1823, and he observed and said, “there is barely sufficient work for the regular employment of half of our labourers, so that only 1,500,000 are fully and constantly employed, while 1,500,000 more are employed only half their time, and the remaining 1,500,000 wholly unemployed” (Thompson 250).

Since population was increasing in Great Britain at the same time that landowners were enclosing common village lands, people from the countryside flocked into the towns and the new factories just to get work. This resulted in a very high unemployment rate for workers in the Industrial Revolution.

Some of the early inventors were attacked, because the workers lost their jobs, finally leaving their inventions destroyed.

HOW DID IT SPREAD? Textiles was spread by transportation and things like joint stock companies.

First when creating textiles, they needed cottons. Some were traded, by the Indians (from India), and the Americans, with a low cost. Then after purchasing these items, people would sell the finished textiles with the means of transportation, like trains, cars, and ships.

Secondly, they were spread by the help of joint stock companies. Those companies could finance bigger trade missions and spread the risk of international trade. A negative thing about international trade is that sometimes boats sink, or be taken by

pirates. Its bad that sailors loses their lives but its really bad that for the mercantile capitalist because they lost all of their money

It was spread every where of course to Britain's colonies, such as India, South Africa, Canada, Australia, and more.

HOW DID IT IMPACT OTHER COUNTRIES The development of the cotton gin help the Southern United States to collect and

remove the cotton faster than regular humans.

But the bad thing of cotton gins were that it would take only one day to create one pound, when it takes a woman about two months.

This was true to all the inventions, people lost their jobs because of these simple machines that, in the end, made textiles.

The British bought the raw materials from the foreign markets so in a way the other Countries’ economy was raised but not by a lot.

For example, they imported cottons from India then increased production by the use of machines. They did that because now they can compete with Indian handmade textiles and everything else.

THE REASON TEXTILE MILLS WHERE SO IMPORTANT TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WHERE THAT WITHOUT IT LABOR LAWS MIGHT NOT BE THE SAME. Textile production was greatly needed because with out it we would not have had the steam engine, good labor laws, and international trade.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Jones, Gareth Stedman. Languages of Class: Studies in English Working

Class      History 1832-1982. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge UP, 1983. Print. 

Kidd, Alan J. Manchester: a history. Carnegie Publishing, 2008.

Kisch, Herbert (1989). "From Domestic Manufacture to Industrial Revolution The Case of the Rhineland Textile Districts". Oxford University Press.

http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/IREffects.html#wealth

http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/childlabor.html

http://www.galenet.com/servlet/SRC/

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/313657/John-Kay

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/arkwright_richard.shtml

http://todayinsci.com/C/Cartwright_Edmund/CartwrightEdmund-SelfMadeMen(1858).htm

http://deskarati.com/2012/09/02/thomas-newcomen/

http://theweaveco.com/blogs/news/15578800-ikat-fabric-a-simple-introduction-to-a-complex-art

http://spartacus-educational.com/TEXjenny.htm

http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/49800/49824/49824_cotton_gin.htm

http://www.farmcollector.com/company-history/george-frick-zmlz12marzbea.aspx