Upload
logan-may
View
221
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BY JACOB SEITER
Cigar Smoke vs. Cigarette Smoke, Just as Bad?
Cigars
Mostly grown in Central and South America (warm and humid climates): Cuba, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Honduras,
Brazil, but also Connecticut, Switzerland, and the Philippines
Come from tobacco plants that can grow up to 6ft. (Just over 15 leaves/plant)
Takes an avg. of 5 yrs to make a cigar- touches 300-500
pairs of hands
Growing
Planted to produce seedlings: 2 months
Dug up and replanted in fields in order to mature: another 2 months Wrapper plants are
covered and individually tied
Leaves picked 2-3 at a time-from bottom up
Cured (Dried) in barns for 40-60 days
Fermenting and Ageing
Fermented in large piles (high pressure and heat) Develops flavor and
aroma, remove ammonia, sap, tar, and nicotine
Restack, respray Can take a few months to
a few years (multiple rounds)
Then aged in large bales At least 2 yrs, often more,
to further dry and develop flavors
Rolling
Filler leaves are rolled by hand with lower quality wrapper leaves called the binder leaf
Then further rolled with the wrapper leaf by highly trained worker (10yrs or more)
Capped with a small piece of a leaf and gum arabic (acacia tree sap)
Finished Product
Kept in cedar boxes at 70˚F and 70% humidity to keep tobacco from cracking
Is Cigar and Cigarette Smoke Different?
Cigar smoke is more detrimental to your health: Has no filter Much larger size and much stronger tobacco
Cigar smoke is not as bad for your health: Rarely inhaled because it’s so strong and people want
flavor from the cigar - more likely to develop oral or esophageal cancer which is much less prevalent than lung cancer among all smokers
Research
Experiment done in Europe to compare risks of lung cancer in cigar smokers and cigarette smokers
Study included 5500 male subjects that had some form of lung cancer and 7100 male subjects than did not have lung cancer as the control
Info on subjects was collected from hospitals in Germany, Italy, and Sweden: What they smoked, age when started smoking, how much
they smoke, occupational exposure to other carcinogensUsed odds ratios to make comparisons between
case and control subjects
Odds Ratios of Lung Cancer for Various Categories of Tobacco Use:
Category of Tobacco used
# of case subjects
# of control subjects
Odds ratio
Nonsmokers 117 1750 1.0
Cigars, pure smokers
16 42 5.6
Cigarillos, pure smokers
21 31 12.7
Cigars and Cigarillos, pure smokers
43 77 9.0
Cigarettes, pure smokers
4204 3930 14.9
Mixed smokers 1182 1309 12.7
Odds Ratio of Lung Cancer for Cigar and Cigarillo Smoking
# case subjects
# control subjects Odds Ratio
NonSmokers 117 1750 1.0
Duration of Tobacco Use, y:0.1-13.013.1-26.026.1-39.0>39.1
451222
21201719
3.14.310.320.7
Avg. consumption of tobacco use, g/day:0.1-3.53.6-5.05.1-10.7>10.8
510523
22251119
3.46.27.821.1
Cumulative consumption of tobacco, g/day x y:1-7152-157158-382>383
34828
19201919
2.43.26.026.9
Age at start of tobacco use, y:<1920-26>27
20167
202334
17.010.53.4
Analysis of Odds Ratios for Cigarette, Cigar, and Cigarillo Smoking
Category of Tobacco Use
Duration of Smoking (Increase in risk for 1 yr)
Avg. Consumption(Increase in risk for 1g/day)
Cumulative Consumption(Increase in risk for 1g/day x yrs)
Pure cigarette smokers
1.084 1.051 1.040
Pure cigar/cigarillo smokers
1.058 1.057 1.061
Conclusion:
This study says that cigar smoke probably has a carcinogenic effect on lungs that is comparable to that of cigarette smoke
Even though the OR for cigar smokers is lower than that of cigarettes in the first table, it is most likely due to: Cigar smokers tend to smoke less b/c they are so
strong, and expensive Cigar smokers tend to start later in life
Overall cigar smokers have less exposure to tobacco smoke
Conclusion
But many other similar experiments have been done: Some say the same thing Some still say cigars are less harmful Some still say cigars are more harmful
But done in different areas of the world and use different definitions of parameters
Hard to come to final conclusion b/c so few cigar smokers only and really hard to get accurate data on something that takes +20 yrs to determine the effects
References
1.) Boffeta, P., Pershagen, G., Joeckel, K., Foraastiere, F., Gaborieau, V., Heinrich, J., Jahn, I., Kreuzer, M., Merletti, F., Nyberg, F., Rosch, F., Simonato, L. “Cigar Smoking Lung Cancer: A Multi-center Study From Europe,” J. of the Nat. Cancer Inst. 91, 697-701. 1999
2.)http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Archives/CA_Show_Article/0,2322,1544,00.html
3.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigar4.) http://www.cubancrafters.com/picking_tobacco.php