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FBI FORENSICS CASE PRESENTA-
TIONBy: Antonia Lin, David Kim, Reilly
Flodin
In Collaboration With: Eric Walker, Nhi Nguyen, Taylor Andrews
PREFACE “The scene at Dr. Doodle Donley’s Monarch University laboratory
is a depressing one. Dr. Doodles Donley’s laboratory investi-gated bacterial and viral pathogens. Apparently Dr. Donley had recently been honored with the prestigious “Scientist of the Year” award and she was throwing a party to honor herself. The entire University was invited. At around 2 am, the night security guard was making his rounds, and he noticed a light on in Dr. Donley’s lab. The place was a mess…the remains of a “rockin” party was obvious, but Dr. Donley’s bruised and battered body was a surprise. The security guard called the Monarch University police at 2:05 am. The police determined that several vials were missing from the level 4 containment room and Dr. Donley was presumed to have been attacked by some sort of foulish play. Apparently Doodles was an expert in the field of microbiology. In other words, she studied virii and bacteria. So far it has been de-termined that several vials of Mycobacterium leprae and HIV were missing. Luckily Dr. Donley’s injuries were not life threaten-ing; however, she did seem to have a concussion and couldn’t identify the attacker(s).” ( VERBATIM FROM THE FBI REPORT)
TASK The FBI and a special Monarch homeland
security team have been called in to inves-tigate. We are part of this team and it is our job to learn as much as we can about pathogens and forensic science techniques to figure out which pathogen was stolen, the possible plans for the pathogen, and bring to justice Dr. Donley’s attackers. We will conduct interviews, collect evidence and carry out labs, use the internet, and take notes from Dr./General Barium Sir! (Donley’s long lost cousin) to learn as much as we can in FBI Bootcamp.
SCIENCE – HAIR ANALYSIS The last type is by extracting DNA from the
root of the hair to use in DNA analysis. The root of the hair is also useful because by ex-amining it scientists can determine if the hair fell out naturally, or was pulled out by force.
Hair analysis is very useful for cold cases be-cause it can still be examined long after other samples, like blood or urine, have be-come unusable. Hair can also be used to link people to crime scenes.
While it does not prove they are guilty of the crime, it can prove that they were on the scene.
SCIENCE – HAIR ANALYSIS Primary transfer is when someone loses
a hair from their head, or wherever. This is common, since humans shed about 100 hairs per day.
There is also secondary transfer. This is when someone’s pet sheds some hair on them, and then the hair is trans-ferred to the crime scene.
SCIENCE – HAIR ANALYSIS Hair analysis is a relatively controversial
field. The standards used for processing the hair, like cutting, washing and col-lecting it vary.
False positives for drug use can occur, especially if someone has been exposed to the drug second hand.
Hair dyes and hair care products may also affect the results. The competence of the examiner also effects how accu-rate the results are.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS The study of lip prints is called Cheiloscopy. After the idea for analyzing lip prints was intro-
duced in the 19050’s, Japanese scientists began researching it. It became clear that each person has their own unique lip print, just as they have a unique fingerprint.
This is because the lip has elevations and de-pressions that pattern its surface.
In forensics, lip prints can be collected off a wide variety of surfaces, including: clothing, cups, glasses, cigarettes, windows and doors. Interest-ingly, lip prints must be collected from the dis-eased before they have been dead 24 hours or they will not be correct.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Lip prints are classified by several dif-
ferent types. -Type 1is vertical grooves in the lip. -Type 1’ is the same type of grooves as type one, but the grooves do not go the entire length of the lip.-Type 2 is branched grooves across the lip.-Type 3 is intersecting grooves. -Type 4 is reticular grooves. -Type 5 is other patterns that may occur across the lip.
LIP PRINT TYPESTypes 1, 1’, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Fingerprints are unique impressions left
behind from someone touching some-thing. These impressions have distinct patterns, and anyone can be identified through their fingerprints. Even identi-cal twins with exactly the same DNA have different fingerprints.
Fingertips have microscopic pores that secrete oils and sweat that leave a residue anywhere that the fingers touch.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Fingerprints are very useful in identify-
ing criminals at crime scenes because almost no crimes are committed without using one’s hands.
There are three classes of fingerprints, plastic, visible, and latent. Plastic prints are fingerprints that make an impression on a pliant surface like putty or tacky paint.
Visible prints are made when someone has a material on their fingers that leaves a visible mark, like blood or makeup.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Latent prints are the most common and are
made of the oils and residues on the hands, but can only been seen using one of many chemical techniques. One of the most com-mon techniques is dusting.
This is done by dipping a very soft brush into a fine powder, usually black, gray, white or red. The detective then carefully brushes the pow-der over the print and blows the excess away.
The powder sticks to the oils and residues left by the finger. Once the print becomes visible, it is photographed and then lifted using a spe-cial type of tape. Some other methods are:
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Some other methods are: Chemical - ninhydrin is attracted to the amino
acids and can lift prints on paper. Iodine fumes can be used to lift fingerprints on
paper- reacts with oils, turning them brownish-violet.
Surfaces that have fingerprints can be dipped into or sprayed with silver nitrate, which turns black with salt.
Superglue fumes make white crystals in the presence of moisture in fingerprints also used.
Specialized light sources (lasers and ultraviolet lights) can be used when chemical doesn’t work.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Fingerprints are classified by whether they
are arches, loops or whorls. Loops are the most common, then whorls,
and very few are arches. Arches are divided into plain arches, which
are symmetric arched friction ridges and tented arches, which become so narrow that their core is a single friction ridge.
Loops look like a cursive ‘e’, but can be slanted to either side of the finger. They are divided into radial loops, which flow towards the thumb, and ulnar loops, which flow to-wards the little finger.
SCIENCE – LIP PRINTS/HANDPRINTS Whorls are circular or spiral shapes. They
are subdivided into plain whorls, double loops whorls, central pocket whorls, and accidentals. (8 subcategories).
To identify a fingerprint, experts start with the basic patterns of the ridges, but de-pend heavily on the details called minu-tiae within fingerprints.
These minutiae include ridge endings, dots, short ridges, bifurcations, and trifur-cations. Also, the sweat pores and oils pores can be used as markers.
SCIENCE – HAIR ANALYSIS Hair analysis is a forensic field that dates as
far back as the 1800’s. Modern technology has revolutionized the field however.
There are 3 types of analysis forensic scien-tists can do on a hair to test for various things.
One is chemical tests, which can tell the scien-tists if the owner of the hair has used illegal drugs, or has any nutritional deficiencies.
Another type is to study the hair under a mi-croscope to compare it to another hair to de-termine if they are from the same person or animal.
SCIENCE - SEROLOGY Blood is a very useful piece of evidence for
identifying someone. For example, when a stain is found at a crime scene, after identifying it as blood by using a solution that changes color when it comes into contact with blood, it can be tested to see who it is.
To do this, the blood type is tested, using only a few of the 100 plus antigens.
Serologists (blood studiers) use many tech-niques, but the most common is ABO testing, which tells whether the blood’s owner is A, AB, B or O blood type. It is done by using two solu-tions that contain antibodies to type A and type B antigens.
SCIENCE - SEROLOGY The blood clumps around the solution
that has antibodies that correspond to its antigens.
The people the blood stain could be can be further narrowed down by using the Rh factor, which tests whether or not a protein known as Rh factor is present.
RED BLOOD CELLS
SCIENCE – DNA FINGER-PRINTING DNA fingerprinting is another technique
used to identify people by the evidence left behind. The sample of DNA is usu-ally taken from a blood sample left at a crime scene.
First, it is replicated using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique. This technique involves synthetic pro-teins copying certain sections of the DNA many times, usually the STR loci.
SCIENCE – DNA FINGER-PRINTING Short tandem repeats (STR) is a highly
polymorphic region of the DNA that re-peats a section usually about 4 base pairs long, which can be used to tell the difference between multiple suspects.
The true power of differentiation comes from the multiple loci that STR exists at, which can tell the difference between a large number of people. The probability of two people having the same STR loci is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 theo-retically, but in practice is more likely.
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RE-SEARCH - HIV
HIV is a lentivirus, or a virus that can deliver a lot of genetic into the DNA of a host cell. Lentiviruses have the capability to replicate in non-dividing cells. This lentivirus, HIV, causes AIDS (aquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
AIDS is a condition in which failure of the immune system permits life-threatening cancers to flour-ish.
HIV infection arises by the transfer of pre-ejacu-late, semen, breast milk, or vaginal fluid. In these bodily fluids, HIV is present as a virus within in-fected immune cells and free virus particles.
HIV progresses to AIDS at a varying rate affected by host, viral, and environmental factors. HIV in-fects important cells in the human immune sys-tem like helper T cells and macrophages.
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RE-SEARCH - HIV
Four major routes of transmission: - Breast milk- Unsafe sex- Transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth - Contaminated needles
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RE-SEARCH - HIV
Currently there is no cure for HIV and AIDS, but there are treatments that can slow down the path of the disease.
One treatment that is making life with HIV/AIDS is called HAART, or highly active antiretroviral ther-apy. HAART is commonly called the “AIDS cock-tail" because it is mix of drugs. It is a powerful combination of at least 3 active antiretroviral medications.
The goal of AIDS cocktails today is to decrease the virus in the blood the so it’s no longer de-tected. HAART is a very effective treatment and it can delay progression to AIDS, can help restore and sustain the immune system, and ease prob-lems.
HIV medications are obtainable with fewer short- and long-term side effects and taking more than one drug assist to prevent drug resistance.
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RE-SEARCH - HIV
Facts:- Without treatment, the net median survival time after HIV infection is ex-pected to be 9-11 years.- HIV infects ~ 0.6% of the world's popu-lation.
- UNAIDS estimated that 33.3 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2009.
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RESEARCH - LEPROSY
Leprosy is a chronic disease produced by the bac-teria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
Someone with leprosy can be seen with lesions on their skin. If not treated, leprosy can be progres-sive, causing lasting damage to the nerves, eyes, skin, and limbs.
Leprosy is known to be neither sexually transmit-ted nor extremely infectious after treatment.
About 95% of people are naturally immune and sufferers of leprosy are no longer infectious after 2 weeks of treatment.
Most think that Mycobacterium leprae is spread from person to person in respiratory droplets.
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RESEARCH - LEPROSY
Epidemiology :- From 141 countries and territories, the global registered frequency of leprosy at the beginning of 2010 was 211,903 cases.- Most formerly highly endemic countries have now reached elimination of leprosy.
Leprosy can leave open wounds susceptible to gangrene. Gangrene is “localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from either obstructed circulation or bacte-rial infection” (Google definition). With gan-grene, after enough rotting of the skin, limbs can fall off.
PATHOGEN INFORMATION/RESEARCH - LEPROSY
Prevention: In a recent trial, a single dose of rifampicin decreased the rate at which contacts acquired leprosy in the two years after contact by 57% and 265 treatments with rifampicin prevented one case of lep-rosy in this period.
Present Recommendations:- Pauci-bacillary leprosy: 1-5 skin lesions- Treat with rifampicin and dapsone for 6 months.-Multi-bacillary leprosy: More than 5 skin le-sions- Treat with rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone for 12 months.
INTERVIEWS1. Dr. Lazarus Dangerkitty (Mr. Vass)2. Dr. Red Walrus (Mr. Walker)3. Dr. Thomas Canada (Mr. Thomas)4. Dr. Kelvin High (Mr. Lowe)5. Dr. Ian Still (Mr. Stillian)
DR. LAZARUS DANGERKITTY (MR. VASS)
DR. RED WALRUS (MR. WALKER) – PART ONE
DR. RED WALRUS (MR. WALKER) – PART TWO
DR. THOMAS CANADA (MR. THOMAS)
DR. KELVIN HIGH (MR. LOWE)
DR. IAN STILL (MR. STIL-LIAN)
EVIDENCE FOUND AT CRIME SCENE Blood underneath Dr. Donley’s finger-
nails: Dr. Kelvin High (Mr. Lowe) = B- Lip prints on two glasses matching: Dr.
Donley and Dr. Dangerkitty. Fingerprints on Dr. Donley’s glass: Dr.
Donley, and Dr. Kelvin High. Pet hair found on Dr. Donley’s sleeve:
Dr. Dangerkitty’s favorite cat.
CRIME SCENE PICTURES
Party scene: There are multiple glasses, one of which is spilled over. Spilled liquid is evident, as well as blood stains. There is a cutting board, a knife, and a tipped over chair. Signs indicate a struggle. Findings indicate that blood is from suspect #3, other-wise known as Dr. Kelvin High.
Party Scene: Multiple lip stains, one of which has traces of lipstick.
Party Scene: There are multiple glasses, one of which is spilled over. Spilled liquid is evident, as well as blood stains. There is a cutting board, a knife, and a tipped over chair. Signs indi-cate a struggle. Findings indi-cate that blood is from suspect #3, otherwise known as Dr. Kelvin High. (Close-up).
Lab scene: There was a lab coat with two sam-ples of hair; both ani-mal and human hair.
Lab scene: Bunsen burner, tongs, beaker, and a test tube.
Lab scene: Bunsen burner, tongs, beaker, and a test tube
Actual crime scene: Shoe print, and blood stain. Blood is not from Dr. Donley. Shoe print is approx size 1 to 11 ½.
Actual Crime Scene: Consists of Body outline and Shoe print, and blood stain. Blood is not from Dr. Donley. Shoe print is approx size 1 to 11 ½.
Fingerprints: Cata-logue of multiple fingerprints from multiple people, including Sloopy Stretch, Ian Still, Kelvin High, Thomas Canada, and Gerty Rice.
Fingerprints: Catalogue of multiple fingerprints from multiple people, in-cluding Sloopy Stretch, Ian Still, Kelvin High, Thomas Canada, and Gerty Rice.
Insurance Letter: Consists of a insurance policy dated 5/3/05 at 9 in the morning, insuring Dr. Donley’s brain for one million dollars. Benefactors include all members of Monarch University, with exact amounts determined by the department chair.
Diary Entries: Consist of multiple diary entries from Dr. Donley. Range from January to February in 2006. Reflects her views of her colleagues, none positive. Last entry, on 2/4, says that she has made some kind of discovery, but is wary that others will use the information.
BACKGROUND INFORMA-TION After Dr. Donley was rewarded with the prestigious “Scientist of the
Year” award, many of her colleagues were jealous, not only of her prestige, but also of the grant money awarded.
They believed that she was being egotistical for organizing a party to celebrate her achievement, or praise herself.
Dr. Lazarus Dangerkitty, one such colleague who appears to be quite ominous about his loss, decides to use this time in order to get Dr. Donley out of the way once and for all to pursue his dreams to send felines into outer space. Because of his unorthodox ideas, Dr. Dangerkitty, he is often short of funding. He plans to kill Dr. Donley and retrieve her insurance claim she has put on her brain. He then decides to steal the newly discovered bacteria and HIV virii, and transform the virii Dr. Donley created in order to further his own career.
Dr. Kelvin High has had a long standing issue with Dr. Donley. In early years, he was infatuated with Dr. Donley. However, as the years went on, this infatuation festered into disgust. Dr. High doesn’t feel he garners the respect he deserves from Dr. Donley for his accomplishments. He’s constantly trying to get the respect of one he believes to be of high standing.
THE STORY Once upon a time, Dr. Donley was prepar-
ing for her jamming party. It was to be the greatest party Monarch University had ever seen. Music, to attract more guests, would include dubstep and whatnot (womp, womp, womp, etc). Guests would include all of the university, to ensure the fun would continue. But what’s a party without condiments? “Oh goodness,” Dr. Donley thought to herself, “there seems to be no time nowadays (what with all the forensics projects I need to grade). Better run and get the food!” And she was off.
THE STORY Well on her way to Costco in her fuel ef-
ficient Prius, Dr. Donley passed by a sign in the road. It read: “Beware. The end is near.” Not an advocate for superstitions and such, Dr. Donley ignored the warn-ing. How could she pay attention to them? She was in a dire need of an as-sortment of chips, soda, and snacks! Dr. Donley ran though the aisles and ob-tained the beloved snacks and was well on her way to the party roughly an hour later. It was already ten minutes to the party!
THE STORY The party was killer, both literally and
figuratively. People, unsure of how to dance at a science party, were awk-wardly moving to the beat. However, Dr. Donley took center stage, amazing ev-eryone with her godly dance skills. It seems she was talented in just about everything. This didn’t play well with her jealous colleagues, although it enter-tained her students to no end. Ex-hausted, Dr. Donley moseyed on over to the food area.
THE STORY Over the drinks, Dr. Donley meets her col-
leagues. Among the colleagues is, of course, Dr. Dangerkitty. As he is convers-ing with Dr. Donley, he takes an opportu-nity to spike her drink with cyanide as she looks away to greet another guest. He then quietly slips away. Dr. Donley, return-ing to her drink, notices a faint almond smell. She immediately suspects the per-son she is talking to, Dr. Kelvin High. An-gry, she takes a nearby knife resting on the cutting-board and threatens him to leave.
THE STORY All guests, having smelled the cyanide,
proceed to leave the party, including Dr. Kelvin High. The crowd then leaves the party, with Dr. High sneaking off to Dr. Donley’s lab. Here, he reads her per-sonal diary, appalled with what he reads. This was the last straw. He gath-ers various weapons, including a gun, machete, ninja stars, and a flamethrower. He proceeds to Dr. Don-ley’s party.
THE STORY The time is now: epic ninja fight scene.
Perhaps an adequate description of the following would be a compilation of ev-ery cheesy ninja/action movie in human existence. Anyways, Dr. High returns to the room, armed. He starts off big, using his flamethrower in a futile attempt to kill the heroic Dr. Donley. Dr. Donley, having anticipated a moment like this, had biologically enhanced her bodily functions. She, in a Matrix-esque move, dodges the flame with ease.
THE STORY Infuriated, Dr. Kelvin High proceeds to
throw ninja stars. Dr. Donley dodges all and suddenly leaves all of Dr. High’s weapons useless. Dr. High, proceeds with his own physical barrage, and Dr. Donley is mildly thrown back. They are in the middle of the party room, sparks flying, in the most intensive martial arts combat one could ever witness. Dr. Don-ley, in attempt to leave a spiting scar on Dr. High, affectively scratches Dr. High, leaving his blood beneath her finger-nails.
THE STORY Dr. High then deals a finishing blow to Dr. Don-
ley’s head, and in a fit of maddening and catty rage, Dr. High retreats, and Dr. Donley is left alone again, panting for breath and incapaci-tated. Meanwhile, Dr. Dangerkitty, in the midst of all the fighting, stealthily sneaks into Dr. Donley’s lab. While here, he steals her bac-terial research and catches his eye on the in-surance papers. Realizing how much money he could gain from these, he steals them. He then leaves. Passing the party on his way back to his own lab, he sees Dr. Donley incapacitated and proceeds to incapacitate her further, accurately depicting his sick and vile ways.
THE STORY Unfortunately for Dr. Dangerkitty, Dr.
Donley recuperates for one final defen-sive move and fights him as well. Dr. Dangerkitty, using his kittens as lethal killing machines, proves to be too much for Dr. Donley. Dr. Donley, determined, proceeds to knock out jaw-dropping numbers of demon kittens, and in doing so doesn’t notice Dr. Dangerkitty behind her back! He strikes her head once more, and finally leaves the party, now effectively in its own right, a crime scene.
CASE CLOSED
