BVsD Sergio Larios

8/13/2019 BVsD Sergio Larios

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Biodiversidad vs. Desarrollo

(Cual es el rumbo de Baja California)

M. C. Sergio Larios C. ([email protected])

Docente SIG, Cetmar #11,

Ensenada, B.C., 22 de noviembre 2013
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Temas Clave:BiodiversidadDesarrollo (sustentable)Mxico, un pas megadiverso

Centros VavilovEspecies endmicas en MXICO


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Froese, 1996


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CBD, 2004


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CBD, 2004


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Mxico, un pas megadiverso

En los tres niveles en los que seconsidera a la biodiversidad (genes,

especies y ecosistemas), Mxico es un

pas importante. A nivel de especies,aproximadamente 10% de las que

existen en el planeta se encuentran ensu territorio, lo que lo convierte en unode los pases llamados megadiversos.


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http://app1.semarnat.gob.mx/dgeia/informe_resumen/04_biodiversidad/cap4.html
http://app1.semarnat.gob.mx/dgeia/informe_resumen/04_biodiversidad/cap4.htmlhttp://app1.semarnat.gob.mx/dgeia/informe_resumen/04_biodiversidad/cap4.html


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Adems del alto nmero de especies y

ecosistemas, Mxico es tambin uno delos centros de origen y domesticacinms importantes del mundo, en el que

al menos 120 especies de plantas hansido domesticadas (entre ellas algunasde importancia alimentaria mundial,

como el maz, el frijol y el jitomate).


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Centro de origen de plantas cultivadas


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http://www.prodiversitas.bioetica.org/nota63-3.htm

Centros Vavilov

Centro de origen de plantas cultivadas
http://www.prodiversitas.bioetica.org/nota63-3.htmhttp://www.prodiversitas.bioetica.org/nota63-3.htmhttp://www.prodiversitas.bioetica.org/nota63-3.htmhttp://www.prodiversitas.bioetica.org/nota63-3.htm


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G. CENTRO MEXICO-AMERICA CENTRAL Pimentn -

Aj (Capsicum annuum) Alcayota (Cucurbitaficifolia) Zapallo (Cucurbita moschata) Camote(Ipomoea batatas) Poroto Lima (Phaseolus

lunatus) Poroto (Phaseolus vulgaris) Maz (Zea mays)

En el mundo existen de 300 000 a 500 000 especiesvegetales superiores, de las que se han identificado o

descrito aproximadamente 250 000. Unas 30 000 soncomestibles, y unas 7 000 han sido cultivadas orecolectadas en algn momento por los sereshumanos para su consumo alimentario (FAO).


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Desarrollo (Sustentable):

La productividad neta de

la biomasa se ha mantenidopor dcadas e incluso porsiglos

Conway 1987


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Desarrollo Sustentable = DSDesarrollo que satisface losrequerimientos de la generacin

actual, sin comprometer la habilidadde las generaciones futuras parasatisfacer sus requerimientos UNCED 1987


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Especies endmicas en MXICOGRUPO

Pinos 21

Agavceas 146Cactceas 715

Peces de agua dulce 163

Anfibios 174

Reptiles 368

Aves 111

Mamferos 142

Fuente: www.elbalero.gob.mx


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La riqueza biolgica mexicana se debe en gran parte a subiodiversidad biogeogrfica, la cual vara desde secos desiertos enSonora, hasta ricos bosques tropicales en Chiapas. Dentro del

territorio mexicano, emergen elementos biolgicos del neorticoy el neotrpico, intercambiando factores que dan origen a unmosaico natural de gran riqueza y endemismo. La flora y la faunamexicana es una de las ms ricas del planeta. Despus de Brasil,

Mxico posee la mayor variedad de especies de vertebradosterrestres y su endemismo en mamferos terrestres es el mayordel trpico.Mxico es primero a nivel mundial en reptiles y mamferos y

cuarto en anfibios.En el plano de los pases tropicales es primero

en reptiles y mamferos con 717 y 499 especies respectivamente;tercero en plantas con 25 especies; cuarto en anfibios con 282especies; sexto en mariposas con 52 especies; sptimo en avescon 1010 especies y dcimo en primates con tres especies.


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http://www.madrimasd.org/blogs/universo/2009/07/22/122157
http://www.madrimasd.org/blogs/universo/2009/07/22/122157http://www.madrimasd.org/blogs/universo/2009/07/22/122157


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Reserva de la Biosfera Isla Guadalupe, Baja California

Reserva de la Biosfera El Vizcano, Baja California Sur

Reserva de la Biosfera Complejo Lagunar Ojo de Liebre, BajaCalifornia Sur

Nombre:

Praderas defanergamas

marinas


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Nombres:Bosques de kelp,bosques desargazos,bosques delaminariales.

Parque Nacional Baha de Loreto, Baja California Sur

Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur

ECOSISTEMAS MARINOS
http://islasgc.conanp.gob.mx/loreto/PROGRAMA.htmlhttp://pncabopulmo.conanp.gob.mx/http://pncabopulmo.conanp.gob.mx/http://pncabopulmo.conanp.gob.mx/http://pncabopulmo.conanp.gob.mx/http://pncabopulmo.conanp.gob.mx/http://islasgc.conanp.gob.mx/loreto/PROGRAMA.html


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En este mapa se representan los ambientes de Arrecife de Suspensin, Pendiente Suave, Montes Marinos, Fondo Suave,Fondo Duro, Aguas Profundas.

ECOSISTEMAS MARINOS


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Description:

Climate projections for Latin America and the Caribbean indicate that temperatureincreases will vary according to the particular emissions scenario and country orregion concerned. According to the A1B climate change scenario (this scenarioassumes future rapid demographic and economic growth, introduction of new andmore efficient technologies, accompanied by a balanced use of all types of energysources) regional increases this century are projected to be between 1and 4compared to 1980-1999, with variances from one country to another.


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Description:

Most areas of North America that have any economic significance - for agriculture,habitation or siliviculture has been converted and modifiedf for human use. Areaswith lower degrees of disturbance and fragmentation are found in the vast Arcticareas of Canada and Alaska, as well as in the mountain ranges.


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Annelida, Polychaeta, Sabellida, SiboglinidaeLamellibrachia columna SOUTHWARD, 1991

Annelida, Polychaeta, Terebellida, Alvinellidae


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Alvinella pompejana DESBRUYRES & LAUBIER, 1980 Pompei worm


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Paralvinella (Paralvinella) grasslei DESBRUYRES & LAUBIER, 1982

Annelida, Polychaeta, Terebellida, Alvinellidae


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Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Actiniaria, Actinostolidae

Paranthosactis denhartogi LPEZ-GONZLEZ, RODRGUEZ & SEGONZAC, 2003

Distribution: East Pacific Guaymas Basin.

P if


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Distribution: East Pacific Rise: collected at 17S. Sponges ofsimilar morphology observed in various sites extending from23S to 13N, 2600-3000 m deep.

Porifera,

Demospongiae,

Poecilosclerida,

Cladorhizidae

Chondrocladia lampadiglobus

VACELET, in press

Mollusca, Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroida, Vesicomyidae


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, , , , y

Calyptogena magnifica BOSS & TURNER, 1980

Distribution: Entire Northern East Pacific Rise and SouthernEast Pacific Rise: 21N to 22S; Galapagos Spreading Center.


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Deep sea: importance

Intrinsic value:Every expedition to the depths results in new species being found.Sometimes entire new ecosystems are discovered, such as around hydrothermalvents and cold seeps. An entire new domain of life has even been found in thedepths: Archaea, an ancient form of life most closely related to the first life on Earth.And all this with only 1% of the deep ocean floor so far explored.

Scientific value:The specialized adaptations of deep-sea organisms are not just

interesting for interests sake: an understanding of their biochemistry could also leadto biochemical, medical, and other advances.

Fisheries:The deep sea is increasingly being targeted by commercial fisheries, both innational waters and on the High Seas. Patagonian toothfish, for example, lives atdepths below 2,500m in the Southern ocean. Its tasty flesh fetches prices of up to

$US35 per kilogram, earning it the name of "white gold" amongst fishers.With overfishinghaving depleted many epipelagicand coastal fisheries, as many as40% of the worlds fishing grounds are now in waters deeper than 200m.

http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaea
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/vents_seeps/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/vents_seeps/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/open_ocean/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/problems_fishing/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/open_ocean/surface_waters/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/open_ocean/surface_waters/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/problems_fishing/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/open_ocean/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/vents_seeps/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/vents_seeps/http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaeahttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaeahttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaeahttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaeahttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaeahttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaea


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Sulfolobusis an extremophile that is found in hot springs and thrives in acidic and sulphur-rich

environments. Eye Of Science / Science Photo Library


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Staphylothermus marinusis an extremophile found in deep ocean hydrothermal vents, thrivingon volcanic sulphur and surviving in water temperatures of up to 98C. Wolfgang Baumeister / Science Photo Library


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Halococcus salifodinaeis found in water with high concentrations of salt. These high saltconcentrations would be deadly to most other forms of life, and so H. salifodinaeis alsoknown as an extremophile. Eye Of Science / Science Photo Library


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Elasmobranchii


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Mammalia


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HighSeas_orig_Marine Biodiversity Map Aquamaps


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Patagonian toothfishhttp://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/5250/patagonian-toothfish

The mesopelagic zone
http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/5250/patagonian-toothfishhttp://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/5250/patagonian-toothfishhttp://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/5250/patagonian-toothfishhttp://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/5250/patagonian-toothfishhttp://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-2http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-2


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Giant squid


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Humpback anglerfish

The bathypelagic zone

Orange roughy
http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-3http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-3http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-3http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-3http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-3http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/deep-sea-creatures/page-3


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Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) are trawled from depths of 7001,000 metres and

caught when they come together to spawn. The orange roughy was first reported from NewZealand waters in 1957, when it was given the unappealing name of slimehead. This waschanged for marketing purposes when commercial quantities were taken in 1979. Catchespeaked at around 54,000 tonnes in 198889. Since then new information about their biologyhas led to the imposition of quotas inside the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone. Most fishbiologists now believe that orange roughy are long-lived (up to 150 years) and slow growing;

fishing is being managed to take this into account.


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BVsD Sergio Larios