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Met-L-Chek ® PENETRANT PROFESSOR APPROVED ©2009 Buyers Guide to NDT Inspection Materials from Met-L-Chek Company 1639 Euclid Street Santa Monica, California 90404 USA Phone: 310-450-1111 Fax: 310-452-4046 Email: [email protected] Web: www.met-l-chek.com Visible penetrant indication Fluorescent penetrant indications BG 5/09-1

Buyers Guide 5/09 - makewebeasy...Argentina Dinatecnica S.A. phone 4709-0069 email - compras @dinatecnica.com.ar Australia Australian NDT Sales phone 0-41-888-4409 email - [email protected]

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Met-L-Chek®

PENETRANT PROFESSOR APPROVED

©2009

Buyers Guide to NDT Inspection

Materials

from

Met-L-Chek Company1639 Euclid Street

Santa Monica, California 90404 USAPhone: 310-450-1111Fax: 310-452-4046

Email: [email protected]: www.met-l-chek.com

Visible penetrant indication

Fluorescent penetrant indications

BG 5/09-1

Met-L-Chek Company has been manufacturing a complete line of Nondestructive Testing Materials since 1952. Met-L-Chek Company supplies fluorescent and visible dye penetrants, wet and dry magnetic particles and a variety of specialty testing materials. All Met-L-Chek Company products are designed to yield maximum value through quality, cost, and usability. Met-L-Chek Company products are sold under the Met-L-Chek® and Pen-Chek® trademarks. Met-L-Chek Company fluorescent penetrant materials are approved to and listed on the quali-fied products list (QPL) for AMS-2644 and meet the requirements for use to AMS-2647 for aerospace inspec-tion. Met-L-Chek Company visible inspection penetrant materials meet the requirements for Nuclear component inspection. Met-L-Chek Company products are manufactured under license in The Netherlands by NDT Europa.

Met-L-Chek Company Products are available through authorized distributors.

BG10/09-2

USA AirGas Store locator - 866-924-7427 www.airgas.com/customer_service/site_locator.aspx USA Nation Wide - Internet sales - [email protected] USA Praxair Store locator - 800-772-9247 www.praxair.com/na/us/praxairSL.nsf/StoresLoc

Alabama Kibro Inc. 251-653-4672California Aircraft Spruce West 877-477-7823 Alliance Gas Products 510-533-9353 Bykowski Equipment 909-902-9400 MPM Products 800-429-0128 Sims Welding Supply 562-728-5500 T.E.D. 800-962-1788Colorado General Welding Supply 303-292-5319 Georgia Aircraft Spruce East 877-477-7823 T.E.D. 800-962-1788Idaho Norco 208-336-1643Illinois Rockford Industrial Supply 800-226-1904Kansas Radiatronics 913-432-7080Maryland Roberts Oxygen Supply 301-948-8100Michigan T.E.D. 800-962-1788 Minnesota MPM Products 800-429-0128 North Star Imaging 763-463-5650New Jersey Schiavone Electronics Lab. 800-913-1919 T.E.D. 800-962-1788 New York Q.E.D 716-681-7703 Haun Welding Supply 315-463-5241Ohio V. O. Baker Distributing 800-321-3572 Bank Co. 513-899-2210 Linden Welding Supply 216-476-2220Oklahoma Central NDT 918-387-3000 Sullins International 918-258-5460 Oregon MPM Products 800-429-0128Rhode Island Feole Technology 401-943-3141 Texas AIP 713-451-6506 Hocker Inc. 713-464-5829 MPM Products 800-429-0128Utah MPM Products 800-429-0128Virginia National Welders Supply 757-494-4655 Washington QTC 360-229-0783 Wisconsin R-Con NDT 715-235-7222

Argentina Dinatecnica S.A. phone 4709-0069 email - compras @dinatecnica.com.arAustralia Australian NDT Sales phone 0-41-888-4409 email - [email protected] email - [email protected]

Canada Trikon Technologies phone 800-265-5997 email- [email protected] Inspeq Ingenieria Ltda phone 57-1-6915340 email- [email protected]

Egypt Arabic Chemical Consult phone202-26381878 email - [email protected] NDT Europa phone 31-36-549-5000 email - [email protected]

India Oriental Chemical phone 91-33-2479-9385 email - [email protected] El Tal Engineering phone 03-5408560 email - [email protected]

Malaysia Edaran Prestasi SDN phone 603-5631-9233 email - [email protected] Ensayos no Destructivos phone 55-1114-8355 email - [email protected] Llog S..A. de C.V. phone - 52-55-5750-1414 email - [email protected] East CeeBee email [email protected] Pakistan Hardcastle Waud Ltd. phone 92-21-452-7279 email - [email protected] Endecot S.A. phone 461-2680 email - [email protected]

Singapore McGean-Rohco Pte. Ltd. phone 65-6863-2296 email - [email protected]

Thailand Chavanich Co, Ltd. phone 662-237-5086 email - [email protected] Almatec Co. Ltd. phone 02-23926796 email - [email protected]

UK McGean-Rohco Ltd. phone 245-6563 email - [email protected]

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

Penetrant inspection is a surface inspection method used to highlight fine cracks, porosity, and through leaks on most solid surfaces. It is usable on most metals, some plastics, composites, and synthetic materials. Materials are of principally two types, visible red or fluorescent. Visible penetrant inspection is performed in bright white light and fluorescent penetrant inspection is performed in a darkened area under UV-A illumination (black light).

Fluorescent penetrants are available in sensitivity levels 1/2 to 4 with 4 being the highest. Visible pen-etrants are not generally classified by sensitivity level but are generally considered to be rough-ly equal to level 1 fluorescent penetrant inspection. Penetrants are further classified as to their sur-face removal method; water washable, post emulsifiable, solvent removable, and special application.

The other components of the process are emulsifiers, solvent cleaners and removers, and developers. Materials are available in bulk containers for production line operations, and portable aerosol cans and kits for remote and spot inspections. The typical use temperature range is 4.4˚C to 51.6˚C (40˚F to 125˚F).

In very simple terms the penetrant inspection process consists of several steps: Step 1 - clean and dry the inspection surface. Step 2 - apply penetrant and allow it to penetrate the surface discontinuities. Step 3 - remove surface penetrant and dry surface if water is used. Step 4 - apply developer and allow time for indications to form. Step 5 - inspect.

High quality inspection materials are qualified to AMS-2644E and listed on QPL-4 (Qualified Products List) of AMS-2644E. The sensitivity of a penetrant per AMS-2644E is established by Wright Patterson AFB Materials Laboratory, not by the penetrant material supplier. Another specification based on AMS-2644 but with some mi-nor differences is ISO-3452-2:2005E, which finds use in Europe for generally non aerospace applications. All ma-jor aerospace OEM’s require a material be listed on the QPL for AMS-2644E before it may be considered for use.

PENETRANT INSPECTION MATERIAL DEFINITIONS

AMS-2644E and ASTM E-1417-05 ISO-3452-2:2005(E)

TYPE 1 – Fluorescent Dye TYPE I – Fluorescent Penetrant: Sensitivity levels 1/2 – 4. Sensitivity levels 1/2 – 4.TYPE 2- Visible Dye TYPE II- Color Contrast Penetrant No sensitivity levels. Sensitivity levels 1-2. TYPE III – Dual fluorescent & visible Sensitivity per visible levels

Method A – Water washable. Method A – Water washable.Method B – Post-emulsifiable, lipophilic. Method B – Lipophilic emulsifier.Method C – Solvent-removable Method C – Solvent. class 1 – Halogenated. class 1 – Halogenated class 2 –Non-halogenated. class 2 –Non-halogenated. class 3 – Special application class 3 – Special applicationMethod D –Post-emulsifiable, hydrophilic Method D – Hydrophilic emulsifier. Method E – Water and solvent BG 5/09-3

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-4

AMS-2644E and ASTM E-1417-05 ISO-3452-2:2005(E)

Developer Forms Developer Forms “a” – dry powder. “a” – dry powder. “b” – water soluble. “b” – water soluble. “c” – water suspendible. “c” – water suspendible. “d” – non-aqueous (solvent) for Type 1 penetrants. “d” – non-aqueous for Type I. “e” – non-aqueous (solvent) for Type 2 penetrants. “e” – non-aqueous for Type II & III. “f” – special application. “f” – special application.

PRODUCT GUIDE AMS-2644E QPL-4

PRODUCT TYPE METHODS SENSITIVITY FORM CLASS

D-70 1 & 2 A, B, C, & D 1/2 - 4 d & e NA D-72A 1 A, B, C, & D 1/2 - 4 a NA D-76B 1 B, C, & D 1/2 - 4 b NA D-78B 1 & 2 A, B, C, D 1/2 - 4 c NA

E-50 2 B NA NA NA E-57 1 & 2 B 1/2 - 4 NA NA E-58D 1 D 1/2 - 4 NA NA

E-59 1 & 2 C 1/2 - 4 NA 2 E-59A 1 & 2 C 1/2 - 4 NA 2 R-503 1 & 2 C 1/2 - 4 NA 2 R-504 1 & 2 C 1/2 - 4 NA 2

FBP-911 1 A & C 1 NA NA FP-921 1 A & C 1 NA NA FBP-912 1 A & C 2 NA NA FP-922 1 A & C 2 NA NA FBP-913 1 A & C 3 NA NA FP-923 1 A & C 3 NA NA FBP-914 1 A & C 4 NA NA FP-93A(M) 1 B, C, & D 2 NA NA FP-95A(M) 1 B, C, & D 3 NA NA FP-97A(M) 1 B, C, & D 4 NA NA

VP-30 2 A & C NA NA NA VP-31A 2 B & C NA NA NA VBP-300 2 A & C NA NA NA

There are numerous processing specifications for the penetrant inspection process, the major ones are ASTM E-165, ASTM E-1417 for most general applications, AMS-2647C for aerospace applications, and the ASME Pressure Vessel and Boiler Code for nuclear and power generation applications. Many OEM’s have their own processing specifications which include portions of one or more of the above mentioned specifications. A user is either working to an OEM’s specification, a consensus specification such as ASTM E-1417, a customers specification, or their own.

GUIDE to METHOD “A” (water washable) PROCESSING per ASTM E-1417-05

PRE-CLEAN SURFACE Part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4.4˚ -52˚C (40˚ - 125˚F) before penetrant is applied.

Use Met-L-Chek ® 300LF aqueous alkaline degreaser; immersion or spray application.Use Met-L-Chek ® E-59A, R-503 or R-504 solvent cleaners for spot inspection cleaning applications.

APPLY Met-L-Chek® TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 PENETRANTS (Method A)Use spray, immersion, or wipe on application

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes; 20 minutes if temperature is 4.4˚-10˚C (40-50˚F).

Reapply penetrant if dwell is over 2 hours to prevent drying prior to removal.

WASHWater temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100 ˚F).

Water pressure < 275kPa (< 40 psi); if a hydro-air nozzle is used limit pressure to < 172kPa (<25 psi). Distance >30cm (>12 inches).

Time- only long enough to remove surface fluorescence under UV-A or color under bright visible light.

DRY APPLY AQUEOUS DEVELOPER (form c) Temperature <71 ˚C (<160 ˚F) Immersion, flow on, or spray. Time- only long enough to dry surface Met-L-Chek ® D-78B

APPLY NONAQUEOUS (forms “d” or “e”) or DRY DRY DEVELOPER (form “a” Type 1 only) Temperature <71 ˚C (<160 ˚F) Met-L-Chek ® D-70 or D-72A (Type 1 only) Time- only long enough to dry surface

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes before inspection. Maximum time is 1 hour for forms “d & e” (nonaqueous),

maximum 2 hours for form “c” (aqueous), and maximum 4 hours for form “a” (dry powder). If times are exceeded, clean part and reprocess.

INSPECTFor fluorescent Type 1 penetrants use UV-A illumination of >1000 µw/cm2 @ 15inches (38.1 cm)

in a darkened area of <21 lux visible light (<2 foot candles).For visible Type 2 penetrants use lighting of 1100 lux/m2 (100 footcandles) minimum.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-5

GUIDE to METHOD “B” (PE lipophilic) PROCESSING per ASTM E-1417-05

PRE-CLEAN SURFACE Part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4.4˚ -52˚C (40˚ - 125˚F) before penetrant is applied.

Use Met-L-Chek ® 300LF aqueous alkaline degreaser; immersion or spray application.Use Met-L-Chek ® E-59A, R-503 or R-504 solvent cleaners for spot inspection cleaning applications.

APPLY Met-L-Chek® TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 PENETRANTS (Method B)Use spray, immersion, or wipe on application

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes; 20 minutes if temperature is 4.4˚-10˚C (40-50˚F).

Reapply penetrant if dwell is over 2 hours to prevent drying prior to removal.

METHOD B EMULSIFIERImmerse part in or flow on emulsifier, Drain. Time < 3 minutes Type 1; < 30 seconds Type 2

Met-L-Chek ® E-57; Type 1, Met-L-Chek ® E-50; Type 2

WASHWater temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100 ˚F).

Water pressure < 275kPa (< 40 psi); if a hydro-air nozzle is used limit pressure to < 172kPa (<25 psi). Distance >30cm (>12 inches).

Time- only long enough to remove surface fluorescence under UV-A or color under bright visible light.

DRY APPLY AQUEOUS DEVELOPER (form c) Temperature <71 ˚C (<160 ˚F) Immersion, flow on, or spray. Time- only long enough to dry surface Met-L-Chek ® D-76B or D-78B

APPLY NONAQUEOUS (forms “d” or “e”) or DRY DRY DEVELOPER (form “a” Type 1 only) Temperature <71 ˚C (<160 ˚F) Met-L-Chek ® D-70 or D-72A (Type 1 only) Time- only long enough to dry surface

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes before inspection. Maximum time is 1 hour for forms “d & e” (nonaqueous),

maximum 2 hours for form “c” (aqueous), and maximum 4 hours for form “a” (dry powder). If times are exceeded, clean part and reprocess.

INSPECTFor fluorescent Type 1 penetrants use UV-A illumination of >1000 µw/cm2 @ 15inches (38.1 cm)

in a darkened area of <21 lux visible light (<2 foot candles).For visible Type 2 penetrants use lighting of 1100 lux/m2 (100 footcandles) minimum.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-6

GUIDE to METHOD “C” (wipe) PROCESSING per ASTM E-1417-05

PRE-CLEAN SURFACE Part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4.4˚ -52˚C (40˚ - 125˚F) before penetrant is applied.

Use Met-L-Chek ® E-59A, R-503 or R-504 solvent cleaners for spot inspection cleaning applications.

APPLY Met-L-Chek® TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 PENETRANTS (Method C)Use spray, immersion, or wipe on application

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes; 20 minutes if temperature is 4.4˚-10˚C (40-50˚F).

Reapply penetrant if dwell is over 2 hours to prevent drying prior to removal.

WIPE REMOVAL of SURFACE PENETRANTMoisten cloth with remover and wipe penetrant from surface.

Do not spray remover on surface to remove penetrant, as sensitivity will be impaired.A cloth moistened with water may be used with Method A penetrants but

surface will need to be dried before developer application.Met-L-Chek ® E-59A, R-503 or R-504

APPLY NONAQUEOUS DEVELOPER (forms “d” or “e”)Spray thin even filmMet-L-Chek ® D-70

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes before inspection. Maximum time is 1 hour for forms “d & e” (nonaqueous),

maximum 2 hours for form “c” (aqueous), and maximum 4 hours for form “a” (dry powder). If times are exceeded, clean part and reprocess.

INSPECTFor fluorescent Type 1 penetrants use UV-A illumination of >1000 µw/cm2 @ 15inches (38.1 cm)

in a darkened area of <21 lux visible light (<2 foot candles).For visible Type 2 penetrants use lighting of 1100 lux/m2 (100 footcandles) minimum.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-7

GUIDE to METHOD “D” (PE hydrophilic) PROCESSING per ASTM E-1417-05

PRE-CLEAN SURFACE Part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4.4˚ -52˚C (40˚ - 125˚F) before penetrant is applied.

Use Met-L-Chek ® 300LF aqueous alkaline degreaser; immersion or spray application.Use Met-L-Chek ® E-59A, R-503 or R-504 solvent cleaners for spot inspection cleaning applications.

APPLY Met-L-Chek® TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 PENETRANTS (Method B)Use spray, immersion, or wipe on application

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes; 20 minutes if temperature is 4.4˚-10˚C (40-50˚F).

Reapply penetrant if dwell is over 2 hours to prevent drying prior to removal.

PRE-RINSEWater temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100 ˚F). Water pressure < 275kPa (< 40 psi);only long

enough to remove bulk of surface penetrant.

METHOD D EMULSIFIERAgitated Dip : 17-20% concentration; < 2 minutes or Spray: 1- 5% concentration; < 2 minutes.

Met-L-Chek ® E-58D

WASHWater temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100 ˚F).

Water pressure < 275kPa (< 40 psi); if a hydro-air nozzle is used limit pressure to < 172kPa (<25 psi). Distance >30cm (>12 inches).

Time- only long enough to remove surface fluorescence under UV-A or color under bright visible light.

DRY APPLY AQUEOUS DEVELOPER (form c) Temperature <71 ˚C (<160 ˚F) Immersion, flow on, or spray. Time- only long enough to dry surface Met-L-Chek ® D-76B or D-78B

APPLY NONAQUEOUS (forms “d” or “e”) or DRY DRY DEVELOPER (form “a” Type 1 only) Temperature <71 ˚C (<160 ˚F) Met-L-Chek ® D-70 or D-72A (Type 1 only) Time- only long enough to dry surface

DWELLWait a minimum of 10 minutes before inspection. Maximum time is 1 hour for forms “d & e” (nonaqueous),

maximum 2 hours for form “c” (aqueous), and maximum 4 hours for form “a” (dry powder). If times are exceeded, clean part and reprocess.

INSPECTFor fluorescent Type 1 penetrants use UV-A illumination of >1000 µw/cm2 @ 15inches (38.1 cm)

in a darkened area of <21 lux visible light (<2 foot candles).For visible Type 2 penetrants use lighting of 1100 lux/m2 (100 footcandles) minimum.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-8

Choosing Fluorescent (TYPE 1) Water Washable (Method A) Penetrants

Water washable penetrants are the most widely used for general metal working and even low stress component aero-space applications. Water washable penetrants are composed of water washable ingredients. The penetrant covered part is simply washed after the prescribed penetration dwell time. Being water washable, excessive wash time or pres-sure must be avoided with Method A penetrants to avoid washing the penetrant from shallow open discontinuities.

The FBP-911, FBP-912, FBP-913 and FBP-914 series covers sensitivity levels 1-4 and was de-signed to be the most environmentally friendly possible. This series does not contain fats, oils, or greas-es (FOG’s), and is free of any volatile organic compounds (VOC’s). The constituents are considered bio-degradable. This series is smooth washing, non-gel forming and will wash cleanly from rough surfaces.

The FP-921, FP-922 and FP-923 series covers sensitivity levels 1-3. These materials are smooth washing without gelling. They have low viscosities, which aids in spraying and reduced drag out in immersion applications. The materials use biodegradable surfactants. They are approved by GE, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce for non rotating turbine engine component inspection.

Choosing Fluorescent( TYPE 1) Post Emulsifiable (Methods B & D) Penetrants

Post emulsifiable penetrants are the choice for hot section rotating turbine engine components and other critical high stress applications. Post emulsifiable penetrants require the use of an emulsifier to render the pen-etrant water washable. Post emulsifiable penetrants and emulsifiers are qualified to the AMS-2644E specification together and must be used as a family of materials. Method B (Lipophilic) employs E-57 as the emulsifier, which is used as supplied. Method D (hydrophilic) uses E-58D, which is used diluted in water to a concentration of 17 - 20 % for immersion applications and < 5 % for spray. Most aerospace engine OEM’s use, or recommend the use of Method D. Met-L-Chek Company’s level 2, 3, & 4 Method D materials are approved by GE, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce turbine engine groups.

Method B Systems Method D Systems Sensitivity Level 2 - FP-93A(M) with E-57 Sensitivity Level 2 - FP-93A(M) with E-58D Sensitivity Level 3 - FP-95A(M) with E-57 Sensitivity Level 3 - FP-95A(M) with E-58D Sensitivity Level 4 - FP-97A(M) with E-57 Sensitivity Level 4 - FP-97A(M) with E-58D

The key processing differences between the two approaches are in the emulsification techniques. When us-ing Method B the penetrant covered part is immersed in the emulsifier, removed, and allowed to drain for a specified time before the part is washed. For Method D the penetrant covered part is given a short wa-ter pre-rinse, then immersed in the diluted emulsifier for a specified time, removed and washed. The Meth-od D emulsifier bath is generally under gentle agitation during the immersion step. The Method D emulsi-fier may also be applied as a spray remover, in which case the water pre-rinse is not generally required.

All penetrants that are approved for use to Methods A, B, & D, are approved for Method C, solvent wipe off.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-9

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

Choosing Visible (TYPE 2) Penetrants

Visible inspection penetrants are used primarily for field applications where darkening the inspection area and the use of a black light (UV-A) is impractical, such as maintenance weld repair and safety checks. They are used to locate repair work areas on large rough castings and for through leak testing of heat exchangers and tanks where penetrant is applied to one side and developer to the other. Discontinuities in the range of 50µ are routinely detectable and under the right conditions even smaller discontinuities may be highlighted. Special high temperature visible penetrant materi-als are available which permit inspection of surfaces at temperatures up to 177˚C (350˚F). The majority of the appli-cations use the solvent wipe off (Method C) technique of processing because most applications are spot or localized inspections. Production or full part inspection may be performed with visible penetrants using Methods A, B or D.

VP-30 -Water washable, low viscosity, low in sulfur and halogen, meets nuclear specifications. VBP 300 - Water washable, free of fats, oils, greases and solvents, meets nuclear specifications. VP-31A - Post emulsifiable, low viscosity, low in sulfur and halogen, meets nuclear specifications. VP-302 - Special high temperature penetrant used with R-502 remover and D-702 developer

Choosing a Solvent Cleaner/ Remover

Evaporation rate should be considered when choosing a cleaner/remover. When wiping the penetrant resi-due from a rough surface the slower evaporating remover will keep the wiping media moist and more ef-fective at helping the removal of the penetrant. In the case of verifying a fluorescent indication by wip-ing the indication with a cotton swab or brush moistened with the remover, the slow evaporating materialwill make the indications blurry and bleed excessively. In this case a very fast drying cleaner is the right choice. When used as cleaners for pre-cleaning the inspection surface, the slow material will not evapo-rate readily from the part and could interfere with penetration of the discontinuity by the penetrant. The faster drying cleaners are also better solvents for oils and greases improving their removal from the part.

Tam Panel or star burst indication cleaning is best achieved with the directional spray tube applicators used on R-503 and R-504. Both are approved by Pratt & Whitney.

E-59 - Slow evaporating used as a penetrant remover. E-59A - Moderate evaporation rate, residue free, petroleum solvent cleaner/remover. R-502- Special high temperature penetrant (VP-302) remover. R-503 - Moderate rate, residue free, non-petroleum solvent cleaner/remover. R-504 - Fast evaporating, residue free, solvent cleaner/remover.

BG 5/09-10

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

Choosing a Developer

The use of a developer is required by most testing specifications. The developer draws the pen-etrant from the flaw site and creates a uniform surface on which to view the penetrant indication.

D-70 nonaqueous developer (forms d & e) is developer powder suspended in a volatile solvent. This type of developer is most commonly used in aerosol cans, but may also be bulk sprayed using a paint sprayer. It is applied after the surface penetrant has been removed and the inspection surface dried. The solvent ac-tion of this type of developer helps bring the penetrant to the surface enhancing the detectability of the flaw. It is approved by Boeing, Edf, GE, Pratt & Whitney and is the qualification standard for AMS-2644E.

D-72A dry powder developer (form a) is the most commonly employed developer form with fluorescent penetrants. It is not used with visible penetrants. It is applied by dusting it onto the part after the drying process. It is approved by Boeing, GE, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce.

D-76B water soluble developer (form b) is a powder that is dissolved in water and applied to the part after the surface penetrant is removed and prior to drying. It is used with post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrants. D-78B water suspendible developer (form c) is a powder that is mixed with water (does not dissolve) and applied to the part after the surface penetrant is removed and prior to drying. It is used with both fluores-cent and visible penetrants. The developer must be continually mixed to prevent it from settling out of solution.

D-702: high temperature developer (form f) used with VP-302 penetrant.

Product Shelf Life and Batch Numbers

Met-L-Chek Company defines shelf life as the period of storage time, at ambient conditions (50˚-100˚F/10˚-37.7˚C), during which an inspection material will retain its functionality. The shelf life of most Met-L-Chek Company inspection penetrant materials is five (5) years from date of batch approval. The shelf life of aerosol in-spection materials is also 5 years provided that the aerosol propellant has not escaped and the can still sprays. This shelf life period is exceeded by most materials and the 5 year period is provided only as a storage guide. Older materials performance may be verified through the Met-L-Chek Company Pen-Chek® recertification program.

In-use materials are not covered by the storage shelf life and warranty. Continued usability of materials may beverified through the Met-L-Chek Company Pen-Chek® or Mag-Chek™recertification program. The Pen-Chek® program conforms to the requirements of AMS-2644E and ASTM E-1417. The Mag-Chek™ program conforms to the requirements of ASTM E-1444.

All containers of Met-L-Chek Company products contain a batch number on the label or on the bot-tom of the can, in the case of aerosols. The batch number consists of 4 numbers a letter and two num-bers. The first numbers are the batch, the letter is for the month (January = A), and the last numbers are the year. This number is required for identifying a material when requesting lost certification papers. The date of batch approval is printed on all bulk material labels as well as the stated storage shelf life pe-riod. All Met-L-Chek Company penetrant materials are tested, prior to shipment per the requirements of AMS-2644E and other OEM requirements, and are certified to their conformance to the requirements.

BG 5/09-11

Magnetic Particle Inspection Materials

Magnetic particle inspection is used to locate discontinuities on or near the surface of ferromagnetic materi-als. A magnetic field is induced in the part to be examined. Discontinuities at or near the surface will cause the magnetic field to concentrate at any discontinuity. Fine magnetic particles are attracted to the magnetic field leakage over the discontinuities forming indications or mapping the discontinuities. Considerable theory, tech-nical training, specialized equipment and trial and error is involved for effective magnetic particle inspection.

Particles

There are two types of materials generally used for magnetic particle inspection, wet method and dry method. Dry method materials are primarily used in weld inspection. The wet method particles are gen-erally used in production and overhaul situations requiring broad area detection capability. Wet method par-ticles are generally smaller than dry method particles and are more easily attracted to weaker leakage fields. The particles are suspended in a liquid carrier fluid which facilitates the mobility of the particles on the part surface. The particles may be visibly colored relying on contrast with the base material or contrast coating for detectability or they may be fluorescent and produce brilliant indications under UV-A illumination. Fluores-cent inspection requires the inspection area be darkened to ensure detection of the fluorescent indications.

Continuous Method

Wet method materials may be used with AC, HWDC, or FWDC magnetizing currents. In all three the application of the bath begins and ends before the current shot is ended to insure maximum field strength during bath application. Bath application after the current shot may reduce sensitiv-ity by washing off weakly held particles. Generally AC or HWDC is used with dry method particles.

Bath

Special petroleum based carrier fluids or water, which has been treated with conditioning agents, may be used as the wet method particle bath media. The bath must be continuously agitated during use as the dense par-ticles will settle out of solution upon standing. Materials intended for water bath use should not be placed in equipment that has been used for oil bath applications until the tank and all plumbing have been thoroughly cleaned. Similarly, water or wet parts should not be introduced to baths with oil carriers as this will cause the particles to cling to the tank and agglomerate. The particle concentration must be maintained for maximum performance. The settling volume per ASTM E-1444 should be between 0.1 and 0.4 ml/100ml. for fluorescent particles after 60 minutes in oil and 30 minutes in water and between 1.2 and 2.4 ml/100ml for visible particles.

Wet Method Materials

Met-L-Glo Carrier # 2 is a specialty petroleum based magnetic particle bath vehicle. It is designed for high sensitivity particle suspension. It is free of natural fluorescence, reducing inspection background noise. It is a high flash point vehicle (> 93˚C, 200˚F); reducing potential fire hazards. Met-L-Glo Carrier # 2 is a low viscos-ity material, which improves magnetic particle mobility. It is a low odor material reducing operator discomfort.It meets the requirements of AMS-2641 and ASTM E-1444 for wet method magnetic particle inspection.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-12

Met-L-Glo # 1400 is a fluorescent magnetic particle powder designed for high sensitivity fluores-cent wet method inspection. It is mixed with Met-L-Glo Carrier # 2 at the rate of 1.75 g/L (0.24 oz/gal.) to form a working MPI bath. The particle range is 1.0 - 12 µm with an average of 5 µm. It meets the re-quirements of AMS-3044 and ASTM E-1444 for fluorescent wet method magnetic particle inspection. # 1400 is packaged in pre measured bath shots for easy concentration control;1 bath shot per 5 gal. of bath.

Met-L-Glo #1400B is a premixed, ready-to-use, fluorescent magnetic particle bath . It is a mixture of Met-L-Glo Carrier # 2 and Met-L-Glo # 1400 fluorescent particles. It meets the requirements of AMS-3045 and ASTM E-1444 for fluorescent wet method magnetic particle inspection. Aerosols are pressurized with nonflammable CO2.

Met-L-Glo #1400W is a special blend of Met-L-Glo #1400 fluorescent magnetic particles and water conditioning agents. The powder is designed for high sensitivity fluorescent wet method inspec-tion using water as the carrier vehicle. It is mixed with water at the rate of 11.25g/L (1.5 oz./gal.) to form a working MPI bath. The particle range is 1.0 - 12 µm with an average of 5 µm. It meets the require-ments of AMS-3044 and ASTM E-1444 for fluorescent wet method magnetic particle inspection. Met-L-Glo #1400 comes in pre measured bath shots for easy concentration control, 1 bath shot per 5 gal. of bath.

MPI-80P is a black magnetic particle material used in a petroleum carrier such as Met-L-Glo Carrier # 2. The particle is mixed in the carrier at the rate of 9.5 g/L (10 oz/gal.). The particle range is 0.5 - 4.0 µm with an average of 1.5 µm. It meets the requirements of AMS-3042 and ASTM E-1444.

MPI-80 is a special premixed, ready-to-use, blend of MPI-80P black magnetic parti-cles and Met-L-Glo Carrier # 2. Enhanced visibility of the indications will be achieved if used with WCP-81 white contrast paint. Aerosol cans of MPI-80 are pressurized with nonflammable CO2. WCP-81 is a special white contrast paint used to create a uniform inspection background for visible magnetic particle inspection. It is sprayed onto the inspection area and allowed to dry. The coating is not effected by the wet method bath fluids, but is easily removed with R-504 cleaner.

Dry Method Materials

MPI-86B is a dark blue color, temperature maximum 426˚C (800˚F). MPI-86G is a gray color, temperature maximum 426˚C (800˚F). MPI-86R is a red color, temperature maximum 121˚C (250˚F). MPI-86Y is a yellow color, temperature maximum 426˚C (800˚F).They meet the requirements of AMS-3042 and ASTM E-1444 for visible dry method magnetic particle in-spection. Particle range is 15 -140 µm with the average around 75µm.

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-13

Met-L-Chek Company, 1639 Euclid Street, Santa Monica, California, 90404, U.S.A.Phone: 310-450-1111, Fax: 310-452-4046, Email: [email protected], Web: www.met-l-chel.com

BG 5/09-14

Penetrant Products 12oz 16oz 1 pint 1 gal 5gal 55gal 10 lb 25 lb 50 lb 300ml 400ml 0.47L 3.7L 18.9L 208L 4.5Kg 11.3Kg 22.6Kg DEVELOPER D-70 nonaqueous x x x x x x D-72A dry powder x xD-76B aqueous soluble x x xD-78B aqueous suspendible x x xD-702 high temperature x x x EMUSLIFIER E-50 lipophilic (visible) x xE-57 lipophilic (fluorescent) x x E-58D hydrophilic x x x CLEANER/REMOVER E-59 remover x x x xE-59A cleaner/remover x x x x x xE-502 high temperature x x x R-503 cleaner/remover x x x x R-504 cleaner/remover x x x FLUORESCENT PENETRANTFBP-911 water washable level 1 x x x FBP-912 water washable level 2 x x x FBP-913 water washable level 3 x x x FBP-914 water washable level 4 x x x FP-93A(M) PE level 2 x x x FP-95A(M) PE level 3 x x x x FP-97A(M) PE level 4 x x x FP-921 water washable level 1 x x x FP-922 water washable level 2 x x x FP-923 water washable level 3 x x x x VISIBLE PENETRANT VBP-300 water washable x x xVP-30 water washable x x x x x x VP-31A PE x x x x x x VP-302 high temperature x x x

MPI Products 16oz 1gal 5gal 55gal Bath 1Kg 3Kg 5Kg 15.8Kg 22.7Kg 300ml 0.47L 3.78L 18.9L Shot 2.2 lb 6.6 lb 11lb 35 lb 50 lbMet-L-Glo Carrier #2 x xMet-L-Glo 1400 x x x Met-L-Glo 1400B x xMet-L-Glo 1400W x x xMPI-80 x xMPI-80P x xMPI-86B,G,R,Y x x x WCP-81 x x x

Products available in bulk, aerosols and kits