Business Programming Lecture Note

8/7/2019 Business Programming Lecture Note

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MUIT 414: Business Programming

Lecturer

Emmanuel BuabinBSc (Ghana), MEng (Deggendorf)


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Commercial Programming 2

Tel: 0543 233275

Email: [email protected]


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How Good are You? (3 hours)

Programming Revision

Expression

Conditions (Single and Compound)

Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Relational)

Loops (Pre-test Loop, Post-Test Loop)

Control Structures

IF, IFELSE, IFELSE IF., SWITC

H statement Data Structures

Arrays, ArrayList, HashMap etc


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Inheritance, Aggregation, Method

Overloading, Polymorphism, etc


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Object Oriented Programming

with JAVA


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Basic Concepts of Object

Orientation An object has

state: defined by the set of fields or attributes.

behavior: defined by the set of methods or operation

that can be applied to the object.

Class

A template for creating objects.

Objects of the same class exhibit the same behavior.

They may have different states.


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Objects and Classes

An object represents an individual entity or thing.

A class represents a group of objects that exhibit

some common characteristics or behavior.


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Classification

Classes are resulted from classification.

Examples of classes in real world:

Students Graduate students

MS students

Ph.D. students

Undergraduate students BSc/BA/BPharm etc


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Objects and Classes

A class defines a

self-contained software component thatrepresents a real world class.

The design of classes MUST follow the basicprinciples of object-orientation:

modularity

encapsulation


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Each OBJECT is an instance of a class.

A class defines the common characteristics of its

instances: the behaviors and

the templates of the fields.

Each OBJECT has its own state


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Organization ofClass

A mechanism to organize classes bycommonalities.

From subclasses its generalization

From superclass its specialization


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Inheritance

is-a relation

Example A graduate student is a student

A Master student is a graduate student

A Ph.D. student is a graduate student An undergraduate student is a student


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Class Diagram: Inheritance

S tudent

GraduateS tudent UndergraduateS tudent

MasterS tudent PhDS tudent


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Composition

has-a relation

Example: a student has

has an address (type: Address)

has a faculty advisor (type: Faculty)


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Class Diagram: Composition

name : tring

gpa : loat

StudentFaculty

street ress : tring

cit : tring

state : tring

ipCo e : tring

Address

*

1

*1


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Class Declaration

Class: Attribute and Method declarations

Class Level: Variables can be used by allmethods in that class

Method Level: Variables can only be used inthat method declaration

A method declaration specifies the code thatwill be executed when the method is invoked

(or called)


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Class Declaration Syntax

[ ClassModifiers ] class ClassName

[extends SuperClass ][implements interface1, interface2 ...]

{

ClassMemberDeclarations}


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Class Visibility

Public Accessible everywhere.

NB: One public class allowed per file

Default Accessible within the current package.

Other class modifiers: abstract

A class that contains abstract methods cannot beinstantiated

finalsubclasses CANNOT be instantiated.


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Field and Method Declaration

[MethodModifiers ] ReturnType Name ( [ ParameterList ] )

{

//Statements}

[ FieldModifiers ] DataType

FieldName1 [= initializer1 ] ,FieldName2 [= initializer2 ] ...;

Attributes arefields


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Encapsulation

external view: for the users of the class, clientview

internal view: for the developers of the class,

implementer view visibility:

public,

protected,

package (default), private

In short, expose only

constructs which are

supposed to be exposed to

the outside world and

restrict those which are

meant to be within.


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Visibility

public protectedpackag

eprivate

The class itself Yes Yes Yes Yes

Classes in the

same package Yes Yes Yes No

Subclasses in a

different packageYes Yes No No

Non-subclasses in

a differentpackage

YesNo No No


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Example: Employee.java

publicclass Employee

{ //Beginningofclass

private StringstrFName; //firstattribute

private StringstrLName;

//secondattribute

public Employee()

{

//emptyconstructor

}

public String joinNames(Stringfn, Stringln)

{

returnfn + + ln;

}


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Example: Employee.java contd

public StringgetFirstName ()

{

returnstrFName;

}

public StringgetLastName()

{

returnstrLName;

}


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C

ommercial Programming 24

publicvoidsetFirstName(Stringfn)

{

strFName=fn;

}

publicvoidsetLastName(Stringln){

strLName=ln;

}

} //endofclass Employee

Example: Employee.java contd


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Test Program using EmployeeC

lasspublicclass Test{

publicstaticvoidmain (String[]args)

{

Employee

objEmp=

newEmployee

();

//creatinganobjectusingtheempty

//constructor

StringF_Name=Kojo;

StringL_Name=Mensah;

StringfullName;

fullName=objEmp.joinNames(F_Name,L_Name);System.out.println(fullName);

}

} Output

Kojo Mensah


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Parameterized Constructorse.g.s .

public Employee(String fn,String ln)

{

strFName = fn;strLName = ln;

}

public Employee(String fn)

{strFName = fn;

strLName = Baidoo;

}

Constructors are

the first, to be

called when

object is created


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Example: Constructorse.g.s

Employee objEmp1 = new Employee(Kojo, Mensah);

objEmp1.getFirstName() // Kojo

objEmp1.getLastName() // Mensah

Employee objEmp2 = new Employee(William);

objEmp2.getFirstName() // William

objEmp2.getLastName() // Baidoo


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Method Overloading

Two or more methods/constructors with

the same name but different numbers or

different types of parameters:

voidmethodA(inti)

voidmethodA(inti,int j)

voidmethod

B(int

i)

voidmethodB(floatf)

NB: Pass the right parameters to methods


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E.g. Overloaded Methods

void BankAccount(string b_no)

Accepts bank number

void BankAccount(string b_no, string cn) Accepts bank number and customer name

void BankAccount(string b_no, float dep)

Accepts bank number and deposit amount


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Special Methods

obj1.equals(obj2)

Same as o1 == o2

strObj.to

String

()

returns a string representation of the state

of the object

finalize()

invoked by the Java runtime just beforethe object is garbage-collected


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Polymorphism

Making Objects behave in different ways

Illustrate this with a java program

See next page for Parameter Passing


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Compulsory Assignment:

Hotel Room Modeling

Using ideas in inheritance,polymorphism, Parameterizedconstructors, MODEL and IMPLEMENT

the ff rooms Executive Room (Air condition, Study &

Office Desk, Wardrobe, Living room,Jacuzzi, King Size Bed)

Deluxe Room (Air condition, Wardrobe,Study Desk )

Standard Room (Wardrobe)


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System Analysis & Design 34

Testing & Debugging

Testing is basically a process to detect errors in

the software product

Errors: In day-to-day life we say whenever

something goes wrong there is an error.

In Software Concept: Difference between what is

expected out of software and what is beingachieved is ERROR

Error Tracking Tools


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Testing Types (2 of them)

A software product can be tested in 2

ways.

Black Box Approach: Overall functioning of

the product is tested. Inputs are given and

outputs are checked.

NB: DOES NOT CARE about the internalfunctioning of the product.


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Testing Types (2 ) contd

White box Approach:

Here the internal functioning of the product is

tested.

Each procedure is tested for its accuracy.

It is more intensive than black box testing.

But for the overall product both approaches

are crucial.


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Verification & Validation

Verification is a process to check thedeviation of results from the required ones.

Validation refers to the process of using

software in a live environment in order tofind errors. The feedback from the validation phase

generally produces changes in the software todeal with bugs and failures that areuncovered.

Validation may continue for several months.


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Java Documentation

Documentation Style

In-source

@author Emmanuel Buabin

@date September 1, 2010

Etc

Comment

Documentation Generation Tools JAVA: Javadoc


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Hotel Reservation System

Using a Data structure of your choice

and OOP ideas, write a sample Java

Program to perform the following

business processes

Add Booking

Update Booking

Delete Booking

Book Listings


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Java Database Connectivity

(JDBC)


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Java DataBase Connectivity

Java Database Connectivity

Steps:

1. Load a JDBC

driver2. Open a connection to a data base

3. Send queries or update statements to DB

4. Process the results

5. Close connection


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Example:

BuildUserDB_Access.javaimport java.sql.*;

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

publicclass BuildUserDB_Access{

publicstaticfinal Stringdatabase=

"Access 2000";

publicstaticfinal String jdbcDriver=

"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver";

publicstaticfinal StringdataSource=

"jdbc:odbc:";

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]) {

StringdbName= "Users";

StringtableName= "UserPass";

Connectionconn=null;

Statementstmt=null;


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Example:

BuildUserDB_Access.javatry

{

Class.forName(jdbcDriver);

}catch(ClassNotFoundExceptione)

{

System.exit(1);}

try{

Stringurl=dataSource + dbName;

conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url);stmt=conn.createStatement();

}catch (SQLExceptionse) {

System.exit(1);

}


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Example:

BuildUserDB_Access.java

try{

StringdropString= "DROP TABLE " +

tableName;

stmt.executeUpdate(dropString);

}catch

(SQLException

se){}

try{

StringcreateString=

"CREATE TABLE " + tableName +

" (username VARCHAR(128) NOT NULLPRiMARY

KEY," +

" passwordVARCHAR(128))";stmt.executeUpdate(createString);


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Example:

BuildUserDB_Access.javaStringinsertString=

"iNSERT iNTO " + tableName +

" VALUES ('ScottMcNealy', 'lavender')";

stmt.executeUpdate(insertString);

insertString=

"iNSERT iNTO " + tableName +" VALUES ('SteveJobs', 'aqua')";


insertString=

"iNSERT iNTO " + tableName +

" VALUES ('Bill Gates', 'blue')";



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Example:

BuildUserDB_Access.java

ResultSetrset=

stmt.executeQuery("SELECT *FROM" +

tableName);

while( rset.next() ){

System.out.println(rset.getString("username") +

":" + rset.getString("password"));

}

stmt.close();

rset.close();conn.close();

}catch (SQLExceptionse) {}

}

}


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The UserPass Table

username password

Bill Gates blue

Scott McNealy lavender

Steve Jobs aqua


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Introduction to

HyperText Markup Language(HTML Basics)


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HTML (contd)

Structure of HTML page

Heading styles H1, H2, H3, H4 etc

Paragraph tag

, 2 of


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HTML (contd)

Lists

Unordered List (UL),

Ordered List (OL)

Horizontal rule

(HR)

Font Coloring


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HTML (contd)

Tables

Cell 1Cell 2

.


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HTML (contd)

Forms (Link Submit to other pages)

Hypertext Anchors (A)

Link to Web-pages (HREF)

others


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Class Assignment

Create an HTML page in


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Java Server Faces

(JSF)

(tutorial will be given during Labs)


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Tools to be used

Eclipse IDE

Dreamweaver


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Online Hotel Booking System

Using JSF/JSP and JDBC ideas, upgrade

the Hotel Reservation System to an Online

Application


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END of LECTURE

Documents

Business Programming Lecture Note