Business Info & IT v4

8/14/2019 Business Info & IT v4

1/66

M. McGowan

Business Information andBusiness Information and

Information and IT inInformation and IT inBusinessBusiness

Higher Business ManagementHigher Business Management


2/66

M. McGowan

January 8January 8thth 1815. General Andrew Jackson1815. General Andrew Jacksonled US troops to a victory over the Britishled US troops to a victory over the Britishin the War of 1812.in the War of 1812.

More than 2,000 men died in the Battle ofMore than 2,000 men died in the Battle ofNew OrleansNew Orleans

Sadly a peace had been made 2 weeksSadly a peace had been made 2 weeks

earlier called the Treaty of Ghent.earlier called the Treaty of Ghent. Communication and information are key inCommunication and information are key in

life and business.life and business.


3/66

M. McGowan

TodayToday

Sources of InformationSources of Information

Types of InformationTypes of Information

Qualitative and QuantitativeQualitative and Quantitativeinformationinformation

Value of InformationValue of Information

Uses of information in businessUses of information in business


4/66

M. McGowan


PrimaryPrimar

y information collected by the information collected by thebusiness itself. Sometimes called Fieldbusiness itself. Sometimes called Field

research. It is first hand information.research. It is first hand information.

Examples: Market Research data,Examples: Market Research data,Consumer ResearchConsumer Research

SecondarySeconda

ry information already information alreadypublished. Also called Desk research.published. Also called Desk research.

Examples: Government Reports,Examples: Government Reports,

MINTEL ReportsMINTEL Reports


5/66

M. McGowan


InternalInternal information collected information collectedwithin the business.within the business.

Examples: Employee or customerExamples: Employee or customer

recordsrecords

ExternalExternal information collected information collected

from outside the business.from outside the business. Examples: National Statistics,Examples: National Statistics,

Rivals accountsRivals accounts


6/66

M. McGowan

More sourcesavailable thanprimary

May have afinancial cost

External

Reliable,verifiable

No financial costsInternal

Easy to obtain,

wider numberof sources

Less expensive

than primary,may not berelevant

Secondary

Reliable,verifiableexpensivePrimary

Benefits +Costs -Type of Info


7/66

M. McGowan

a)a) What is primaryWhat is primary

information?information?

b)b) What is secondaryWhat is secondaryinformation?information?

c)c) What is internalWhat is internalinformation?information?

d)d) What is externalWhat is externalinformation?


8/66

M. McGowan

a)a) Choose 2 different sources ofChoose 2 different sources of

information. Describe theseinformation. Describe thesesources and give an example ofsources and give an example of

each oneeach one

b)b) Identify at least one cost and oneIdentify at least one cost and onebenefit of the sources ofbenefit of the sources of

information chosen in question a)information chosen in question a)

c)c) List at least 3 different types ofList at least 3 different types ofinformationinformation


9/66

M. McGowan

a)a) List at least 5 characteristicsList at least 5 characteristics

of good informationof good information

b)b) Complete the grid on sourcesComplete the grid on sourcesof information available onof information available on

the work areathe work area


10/66

M. McGowan


WrittenWritten info presented on paper or info presented on paper or

computer screencomputer screen

OralOral info communicated by voice info communicated by voice

PictorialPictorial info displayed by a photo or info displayed by a photo or

picturepicture

GraphicalGraphical info displayed as a graph info displayed as a graph

or chartor chart

NumericalNumerical info presented in numbers info presented in numbers

rather than textrather than text


11/66

M. McGowan

Qualitative & QuantitativeQualitative & Quantitative

InfoInfo Qualitative information is descriptive inQualitative information is descriptive in

nature and includes peoples feelings andnature and includes peoples feelings andattitudes towards a topic.attitudes towards a topic.

Example: Why is Cheese & Onion yourExample: Why is Cheese & Onion yourfavourite flavour of crisps?favourite flavour of crisps?

Quantitative information is measurable andQuantitative information is measurable and

expressed numerically. It deals in facts andexpressed numerically. It deals in facts andfigures.figures.

Example: How often do you eat a packet ofExample: How often do you eat a packet ofcrisps in a week?crisps in a week?


12/66

M. McGowan


13/66

M. McGowan


AccuracyAccuracy is it correct? is it correct?

TimelinessTimeliness is it up-to-date and is it up-to-date andreliable?reliable?

CompletenessCompleteness are there any are there anyomissions?omissions?

A ro riatenessAppropriateness is it relevant?is it relevant?


14/66

M. McGowan


AvailabilityAvailability is it at hand when is it at hand whenneeded? Easy to obtain?needed? Easy to obtain?

CostCost is it expensive to collect? is it expensive to collect?

ObjectivityObjectivity is it free from bias? is it free from bias?

ConcisenessConciseness is it straight to the is it straight to thepoint?point?


15/66


16/66

M. McGowan

RecapRecap



Qualitative and QuantitativeQualitative and Quantitativeinformationinformation


Uses of information in businessUses of information in business


17/66

M. McGowan

Today Types of ITToday Types of IT

MainframeMainframe PC and LaptopsPC and Laptops NetworksNetworks

EmailEmail VideoconferencingVideoconferencing InternetInternet

CAMCAM CD/DVDCD/DVD EPOSEPOS


18/66

M. McGowan

MainframeMainframe

Large, powerfulLarge, powerful

supercomputerssupercomputers

(like Cray) capable(like Cray) capable

of multi-taskingof multi-tasking

Used mainly forUsed mainly for

scientific andscientific andengineeringengineering

purposes.purposes.

NASA is one suchNASA is one such


19/66

M. McGowan

Mainframe +/-Mainframe +/-

++

EnormousEnormous

memorymemory

Vast processingVast processingpowerpower

Extremely fastExtremely fast

--

Hugely expensiveHugely expensive

IncreasingIncreasing

dependencydependency


20/66

M. McGowan

PC and LaptopsPC and Laptops

Home, Office orHome, Office ormobile computersmobile computers

Now haveNow have

Notebooks andNotebooks andPalmtopsPalmtops Have hingedHave hinged

screenscreen

LCD displayLCD display Battery poweredBattery powered Trackpad insteadTrackpad instead

of mouseof mouse


21/66

M. McGowan

PC and Laptops +/-PC and Laptops +/-

++

Good value forGood value for

moneymoney

Ever increasingEver increasingcapacity andcapacity and

processing powerprocessing power

--

Short shelf lifeShort shelf life

Prone to virusesProne to viruses

and breakdownsand breakdowns


22/66

M. McGowan

NetworksNetworks

LANs (Local AreaLANs (Local AreaNetworks) areNetworks) arelinked to alinked to ageographicallygeographicallyclose server.close server.

WANs (Wide AreaWANs (Wide Area

Networks) useNetworks) usetelecommunicatiotelecommunications such as cablens such as cableand satellite toand satellite tolink up acrosslink up acrosscontinentscontinents


23/66

M. McGowan

Networks +/-Networks +/-

++

Employees linkedEmployees linked

togethertogether

Share data andShare data andfilesfiles

--

ServerServer

breakdownsbreakdowns

Prone to virusesProne to viruses

Reliance onReliance on

backupsbackups


24/66

M. McGowan

a)a) List at least 3 examples ofList at least 3 examples of

information technology in useinformation technology in usetodaytoday

b)b) What is a mainframe computerWhat is a mainframe computer

and why is its use in modernand why is its use in modernbusiness less widespread than inbusiness less widespread than in

the 1970s?the 1970s?

c)c) What is a LAN? What is a WAN?What is a LAN? What is a WAN?How are they different?How are they different?

d)d) How might a modern businessHow might a modern business

make use of different types ofmake use of different types of


25/66

M. McGowan

E-mailE-mail

Transfer of text,Transfer of text,

graphics andgraphics and

other informationother information

betweenbetweencomputer userscomputer users

via telephonevia telephone

lines.lines.

Requires internetRequires internet

access and validaccess and valid

email addressemail address


26/66

M. McGowan

E-mail +/-E-mail +/-

++

InstantInstant

communicationcommunication

Same messageSame messagecan be sent tocan be sent to

many peoplemany people

Cost-effectiveCost-effective

--

Junk mailJunk mail

Staff may abuseStaff may abuse

useuse VirusesViruses

E-mail has sameE-mail has same

legal liability aslegal liability aswritten materialwritten material


27/66

M. McGowan

a)a) What does ICT stand for and whatWhat does ICT stand for and what

does it mean?does it mean?b)b) Give 3 examples of modernGive 3 examples of modern

telecommunications networkstelecommunications networks

c)c) Explain how they workExplain how they workd)d) Give 2 advantages and 2Give 2 advantages and 2

disadvantages of emaildisadvantages of email

e)e) How might a business use ICT toHow might a business use ICT toexpand its operations?expand its operations?


28/66

M. McGowan

VideoconferencingVideoconferencing

Sound and visionSound and vision

linking of peoplelinking of people

at differentat different

locationslocations

Enables a virtualEnables a virtual

meeting betweenmeeting between

people withoutpeople without

having to travelhaving to travel


29/66

M. McGowan

Videoconferencing +/-Videoconferencing +/-

++

SavesSaves

accommodationaccommodation

and traveland travel Saves travellingSaves travelling

timetime

RelativelyRelativelyinexpensiveinexpensive

--

Poor connectionsPoor connections

Time lagsTime lags

Hard to pick upHard to pick up

body languagebody language


30/66

M. McGowan

InternetInternet

InternationalInternational

network ofnetwork of

computerscomputers

In existence sinceIn existence since1969!1969!

Main uses:Main uses: E-mailE-mail

NewsgroupsNewsgroups

Sharing InformationSharing Information


31/66

M. McGowan

InternetInternet

++

Access to vastAccess to vast

amounts ofamounts of

informationinformation Access to widerAccess to wider

global marketglobal market

--

Check reliabilityCheck reliability

of informationof information

VirusesViruses Staff may abuseStaff may abuse

accessaccess


32/66


33/66

M. McGowan

Interactive CD or DVD +/-Interactive CD or DVD +/-

++

Cheaper thanCheaper than

using consultantsusing consultants

One-on-one -One-on-one -More involving forMore involving for

staffstaff

--

EmployeesEmployees

unsupervisedunsupervised

Finite questionsFinite questions No human contactNo human contact


34/66

M. McGowan

Computer AidedComputer Aided

ManufactureManufacture Computers andComputers and

robots used torobots used to

control machinescontrol machines


35/66

M. McGowan

CAM +/-CAM +/-

++

Saves labourSaves labour

costscosts

Consistent qualityConsistent quality TwentyfoursevenTwentyfourseven

productionproduction

--

CostlyCostly

breakdownsbreakdowns

Cant think forCant think forthemselvesthemselves


36/66

M. McGowan

EPOSEPOS

Electronic Point ofElectronic Point of

SaleSale

Allows an electronicAllows an electronicrecord kept of allrecord kept of all

purchases andpurchases and

returnsreturns

EFTPOS is whenEFTPOS is when

Switch and Delta areSwitch and Delta are

used. (Electronicused. (Electronic


37/66

M. McGowan

EPOS +/-EPOS +/-

++

RecordsRecords

purchases &purchases &

returnsreturns Aids stock controlAids stock control

Can be used forCan be used for

market researchmarket research

--

Barcodes may beBarcodes may be

faultyfaulty

Information has toInformation has tobe enteredbe entered

correctly oncorrectly on

BarcodeBarcode


38/66

M. McGowan

Recap Types of ITRecap Types of IT

MainframeMainframe PC and LaptopsPC and Laptops NetworksNetworks

EmailEmail VideoconferencingVideoconferencing InternetInternet

CAMCAM CD/DVDCD/DVD EPOSEPOS


39/66

M. McGowan

TodayToday

DatabaseDatabase SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

Word ProcessingWord Processing

Desktop PublishingDesktop Publishing

Presentation PackagesPresentation Packages

Computer-aided designComputer-aided design

Decision-making packagesDecision-making packages

Project Mangement PackagesProject Mangement Packages


40/66

M. McGowan

DatabaseDatabase

DatabaseDatabase data datasaved andsaved andorganised in anorganised in anelectronic filingelectronic filingsystemsystem

Keeping andKeeping andsorting recordssorting records

Searching forSearching forinformationinformation Filing reportsFiling reports Mail mergeMail merge


41/66

M. McGowan

SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

SpreadsheetSpreadsheet --an electronican electronicworksheet used toworksheet used tomanage numbersmanage numbersand carry outand carry outcalculations.calculations.

Produces chartsProduces chartsand graphsand graphs

What if scenariosWhat if scenarios Budgets, wages,Budgets, wages,

sales figures,sales figures,

estimatesestimates


42/66

M. McGowan


WordWord

ProcessingProcessing an an

electronicelectronic

typewritertypewriter Prepare letters,Prepare letters,

memos, reportsmemos, reports

Edit textEdit text

Graphics andGraphics and

imagesimages

Mail mergeMail merge


43/66

M. McGowan



package that allowspackage that allows

professional documentsprofessional documents

to be createdto be created Text, graphics, andText, graphics, and

imagesimages

High quality documentsHigh quality documents

Magazines, newsletters,Magazines, newsletters,

price lists, posters,price lists, posters,

forms, booklets,forms, booklets,

manuals, catalogues,manuals, catalogues,


44/66

M. McGowan


PresentationPresentationPackagesPackages projects an imageprojects an imageonto large screenonto large screen

Used forUsed forpresentationspresentations

Can use audioCan use audio

and movie clipsand movie clips Easily availableEasily available

handouts andhandouts andnotesnotes


45/66

M. McGowan

Computer-aided DesignComputer-aided Design

Computer-aidedComputer-aidedDesign (CAD)Design (CAD)

computerised processcomputerised process

for creating new partsfor creating new parts

or products or alteringor products or altering

existing onesexisting ones

Mainly used byMainly used by

architects, designersarchitects, designersand engineersand engineers

Also used in animationAlso used in animation

and in simulationsand in simulations

Alterations can beAlterations can be


46/66

M. McGowan

Decision-Making PackagesDecision-Making Packages

Decision-Decision-

MakingMaking

PackagesPackages

analytical toolsanalytical toolsfor managersfor managers

ProducesProduces

statistics andstatistics and

graphsgraphs Helps managersHelps managers

evaluateevaluate

informationinformation

P j t M tP j t M t


47/66

M. McGowan

Project ManagementProject Management

PackagesPackages ProjectProject

ManagementManagement

PackagesPackages enables enables

project teams to co-project teams to co-ordinate activitiesordinate activities

Details budgetsDetails budgets

Team member tasksTeam member tasks

Records resourcesRecords resources

used or allocatedused or allocated

Time deadlinesTime deadlines

Progress reportsProgress reports


48/66

M. McGowan

a)a) List 5 types of business softwareList 5 types of business software

b)b) Identify 3 facilities provided by aIdentify 3 facilities provided by a

word processing programword processing programc)c) Identify 3 facilities provided by aIdentify 3 facilities provided by a

spreadsheet programspreadsheet program

d)d) Identify 3 facilities provided by aIdentify 3 facilities provided by adatabase programdatabase program

e)e) Identify 3 facilities provided by a deskIdentify 3 facilities provided by a desk

top publishing programtop publishing programf)f) What kind of organisation might useWhat kind of organisation might use

a decision making package?a decision making package?


49/66

M. McGowan

RecapRecap

DatabaseDatabase SpreadsheetSpreadsheet




Computer-aided designComputer-aided design

Decision-making packagesDecision-making packages

Project Mangement PackagesProject Mangement Packages


50/66

M. McGowan

TodayToday

Benefits of ITBenefits of IT Costs of ITCosts of IT

Benefits of SoftwareBenefits of Software

Costs of SoftwareCosts of Software

Uses of ITUses of IT

Effects of IT on employeesEffects of IT on employees

Effects of IT on organisationsEffects of IT on organisations


51/66

M. McGowan

Benefits of ITBenefits of IT

Increases productivityIncreases productivity Reduces wasteReduces waste Increases speed of workIncreases speed of work Improves accuracy and qualityImproves accuracy and quality Increases access to informationIncreases access to information Improves communication &Improves communication &

decision-makingdecision-making Saves floor spaceSaves floor space


52/66

M. McGowan

Costs of ITCosts of IT

Costly to develop, install and maintainCostly to develop, install and maintain

Training staff is costly and timelyTraining staff is costly and timely

Introduction may not be easyIntroduction may not be easy

Requires new skillsRequires new skills

Breakdowns very costly andBreakdowns very costly and

inconvenientinconvenient Deskilled workers leads to lowDeskilled workers leads to low

motivationmotivation


53/66

M. McGowan


Information can be handled veryInformation can be handled very

quicklyquickly

Speed and quality of decision-Speed and quality of decision-

making improvedmaking improved

Fewer errors made makingFewer errors made making

calculationscalculations

Improved accuracy and qualityImproved accuracy and quality


54/66

M. McGowan

Costs of SoftwareCosts of Software

Expensive to buyExpensive to buy

Staff training required and costlyStaff training required and costly

Staff learning curve can be costlyStaff learning curve can be costlyTime can be lost due to glitchesTime can be lost due to glitches

External threats - virusesExternal threats - viruses


55/66

M. McGowan

Uses of ITUses of IT

Assists decision-makingAssists decision-making

Assists with providing informationAssists with providing informationfor stafffor staff

Helps maintain complete andHelps maintain complete and

accurate business recordsaccurate business records

Aids effective communicationAids effective communication

within an organisationwithin an organisation


56/66

M. McGowan

Effects of IT on EmployeesEffects of IT on Employees

Greater productivityGreater productivity

Retraining requiredRetraining required Changes in customer relations Changes in customer relations

more impersonal yet quickermore impersonal yet quicker

responseresponse

Less personal contactLess personal contact

Effects of IT onEffects of IT on


57/66

M. McGowan

Effects of IT onEffects of IT on

OrganisationOrganisation Decentralisation possibleDecentralisation possible

Additional departments/jobs mayAdditional departments/jobs may

be createdbe created

Fewer staff requiredFewer staff required

Changes to span of control Changes to span of control

narrower due to less staff or widernarrower due to less staff or wider

due to autonomy of staffdue to autonomy of staff


58/66

M. McGowan

a)a) List 2 ways in which usingList 2 ways in which usingInternet banking servicesInternet banking services

benefits an organisationbenefits an organisation

b)b) How does the use if internetHow does the use if internet

banking facilities help firmsbanking facilities help firms

operate globally?operate globally?


59/66

M. McGowan

RecapRecap

Benefits of ITBenefits of IT Costs of ITCosts of IT


Costs of SoftwareCosts of Software Uses of ITUses of IT

Effects of IT on employeesEffects of IT on employees

Effects of IT on organisationsEffects of IT on organisations


60/66


61/66

M. McGowan

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

- A new Data Protection Act was- A new Data Protection Act was

passed in 1998 which supersedespassed in 1998 which supersedes

the 1984 Act, which will bethe 1984 Act, which will be

repealed.repealed.

There are eight Data ProtectionThere are eight Data Protection

Principles in the Act. However, thePrinciples in the Act. However, thenew Principles are not exactly thenew Principles are not exactly the

same as those in the 1984 Act.same as those in the 1984 Act.


62/66

M. McGowan

1. FIRST PRINCIPLE1. FIRST PRINCIPLE

"Personal data shall be processed fairly"Personal data shall be processed fairly

and lawfully."and lawfully." 2. SECOND PRINCIPLE2. SECOND PRINCIPLE

"Personal data shall be obtained only for"Personal data shall be obtained only for

specified and lawful purposes, and shallspecified and lawful purposes, and shallbe processed only in a mannerbe processed only in a manner

compatible with those purposes."compatible with those purposes."

3. THIRD PRINCIPLE3. THIRD PRINCIPLE

"Personal data shall be adequate,"Personal data shall be adequate,relevant and not excessive in relation torelevant and not excessive in relation to

the purposes for which they arethe purposes for which they are

processed."processed."


63/66

M. McGowan

4. FOURTH PRINCIPLE4. FOURTH PRINCIPLE "Personal data shall be accurate"Personal data shall be accurate

and, where necessary, kept up toand, where necessary, kept up todate".date".

5. FIFTH PRINCIPLE5. FIFTH PRINCIPLE

"Personal data processed for any"Personal data processed for anypurposes shall not be kept forpurposes shall not be kept forlonger than is necessary for thoselonger than is necessary for thosepurposes".purposes".

6. SIXTH PRINCIPLE6. SIXTH PRINCIPLE "Personal data shall be processed"Personal data shall be processed

in accordance with the rights ofin accordance with the rights of

data subjects under this Act."data subjects under this Act."


64/66

M. McGowan

7. SEVENTH PRINCIPLE7. SEVENTH PRINCIPLE "Appropriate technical and"Appropriate technical and

organisational measures shall be takenorganisational measures shall be takenagainst unauthorised or unlawfulagainst unauthorised or unlawfulprocessing of personal data and againstprocessing of personal data and againstaccidental loss or destruction of, oraccidental loss or destruction of, ordamage to, personal data."damage to, personal data."

8. EIGHTH PRINCIPLE8. EIGHTH PRINCIPLE "Personal data shall not be transferred"Personal data shall not be transferred

to a country or territory outside theto a country or territory outside the

European Economic Area, unless thatEuropean Economic Area, unless thatcountry or territory ensures ancountry or territory ensures anadequate level of protection for theadequate level of protection for therights and freedoms of data subjects inrights and freedoms of data subjects inrelation to the processing of personalrelation to the processing of personaldata."data."


65/66


66/66

a)a) What is the scope of the DataWhat is the scope of the Data

Protection Act 1998?Protection Act 1998?

b)b) List at least 5 Data ProtectionList at least 5 Data Protection

PrinciplesPrinciples

c)c) What is the maximum time limitWhat is the maximum time limit

that an organisation has tothat an organisation has to

respond to a request forrespond to a request for

information?information?

d)d) List at least two circumstancesList at least two circumstances

where an individual could bewhere an individual could be

refused access to informationrefused access to information

Documents

Business Info & IT v4