Business 19

8/7/2019 Business 19

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Business

Research MethodsWilliam G. Zikmund

Chapter 19:

Editing and Coding


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DATA ANALYSIS

DATA ENTRY

ERROR

CHECKING

AND

VERIFICATION

CODING

EDITINGStages of Data Analysis


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Editing The process of checking and adjusting

the data

for omissions for legibility

for consistency

And readying them for coding andstorage


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Coding The process of identifying and

assigning a numerical score or other

character symbol to previously editeddata


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Editing

IN-HOUSE

EDITING

FIELD

EDITING


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CONSISTENCYCONSISTENCY COMPLETENESSCOMPLETENESSQUESTIONSQUESTIONS

ANSWEREDANSWERED

OUT OF ORDEROUT OF ORDER

Reasons for Editing


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Codes The rules for interpreting, classifying,

and recording data in the coding

process The actual numerical or other

character symbols


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I believe that people judge your

success by the kind of car you drive.Strongly disagree 1

Mildly disagree 2

Neither disagreenor agree

3

Mildly agree 4

Strongly agree5


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Rules for Coding Categories should be exhaustive

Categories should be mutually

exclusive and independent


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Coding Open-Ended Responses Purpose: To reduce the large number of

responses to a few general, meaningfulcategories that can be assigned numbers.

Steps: Take 20% of surveys to develop coding

scheme Separate into individual responses Look for themes in the answers Assign like themes a numerical code

Continue process until responses have beengrouped into a meaningful, categoricalscheme

Have at least 2 new coders code remainingsurvey responses Check for intercoder reliability

Key codes into data file


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Data Entry The process of transforming raw data

from the research project to computers.

Controllable source of error.

ALWAYS verify data entry by either:1. Having two people key the data into two

separate files and comparing fileselectronically.

2. Having someone other than the original key

stroker to manually check the file either onscreen or paper.

For your projects, be sure to report the methodused in your paper.

Optical scanning systems Marked-sensed questionnaires


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Recode Recoding is the process of using a

computer to convert original codesused for raw data to codes that aremore suitable for analysis.

Examples: Attitude items in scaleswith both positive and negativestatements. Reverse the coding for negative

statements to reflect the same directionand order or magnitude as the positivestatements

greater magnitude = higher number


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Error Checking and Verification Data cleaning

If properly verified, data should be 100%

clean already. Use frequency tables for good triple-

check.

Documents

Business 19