Bull.lnd.lnst.Hist.Med.Vol. XXVII/- 1998 pp 67 to 84

DAWN OF AYURVEDA DURING THE REIGN OF NIZAMVII OF HYDERABAD.

K.VENKATA RAMA RAJU.*MOMIN ALI.**

ABSTRACT

Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur, the Nizam VII ruled the Hyderabad State forabout 38 years. In those days Ayurveda was flourishing in the state due toefforts of many Ayurvedic physicians, scholastic teachers, distinguished patronsand well-wishers who worked together with devotional spirit to make Ayurvedaavailable to the people of the state to provide care for the diseases.

Nizam Ayurveda Vaidya Sangh started Nizam Ayurvedic college and NizamAyurvedic Sadar Dawakhana in Hyderabad city under their management in theyear 1934 as a private institution, which was inaugurated in the same year byAzam Jah Bahadur, the Prince of Berar. Consequent upon the inauguration,the Nizam Government accorded sanction of an amount of Rs. 2001- per monthfor Ayurveda. Thus the seed of Ayurveda was sown during the reign of NizamVII in the Hyderabad state.

'Then let me dive into the depth of TimeAnd bring from out the ages that haverolled.A few small fragments of those reekssublimeWhich human eyes never more beholdShrines of the mighty; can't it beThat it is. all remains of the." 1

His Exhaled Hiqhne ss SultanulUloom Mir Osman Ali Khan BahadurAsafjah the Nizam VII, succeeded hisfather, His Highness Mir Mehboob AliKhan Bahadur Asaf jah the Nizam VI in1911 A.D. as the ruler of HyderabadState, and ruled the state for about 38years. The dominion was divided intofairly definite regions, viz. Marathwada,

Telangana and Karnataka."Medical Facilities Available in theNizam Dominion And Early History ofWestern System of Medicine inHyderabad

His Highness Nawab NasiruddaulaBahadur the Nizam IV intended to startthe Western system of Medicine inHyderabad. So, the residency surgeonDr. Maclean was called and ordered bythe Nizam to open here a school ofWestern system of medicine. Inpursuance of the orders Dr. Macleanhired a house in Gunfoundry of the townat the rent of RS.30/- and opened aschool at the early part of the year 1846.

* Retired Professor, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Hyderabad.** Assistant Director (Ay), IIHM, Osmania Medical College Buildings, Putlibowli, Hyderabad (India).

68The Hyderabad Medical School was

converted into Osmania Medical Collegein 1921 and later affiliated to OsmaniaUniversity, which was established in1918, M.B.B.S. classes were started in1927, and first examination was held in1932, where in 11 candidates appearedand seven were passed. The Mediumof instructions was Urdu, and Universitywas first of its kind to impart Universityeducation in regional language in lndia."Planning and constructionof Afzalgunj Hospital

During the reign of NawabAfzaluddaula Bahadur the Nizam V, hisminister Mukhtarulmulk Sir Salar JungBahadur, according to the advise andplan of Dr. George Smith, establishedAfzalgunj hospital in Hyderabad. Dr.Pemberton the Residency surgeon hadlaid its foundation. Dr. Md. Vazeer Aliwas incharge of the hospital and servedas Superintendent for 7 years. He wrote7 year's report under the name ofTajrubate Matabe Vazeeri in 1275 F.(1865 AD). Later Dr. Abdul Hussain(Nawab Arastuyar Jung) was selectedas Head of this Hospital, who served for36 years. He was the last superinten-dent of the Afzalgunj hospital.

The Osmania general hospitalbuilding was constructed during thereign of Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th andthe last Nizam of Hyderabad. TheMedical school was converted intoOsmania Medical College and theAfzalgunj hospital was shifted to thegrand new building of the Osmaniageneral hospital on the bank of the RiverMoosi.' It is a picturesque three storied

BUll.Ind. Inst.Hist, Med. Vol. XXVII/- 1998

structure in the Indosaracenic style witha main central dome and subsidiarydomes, constructed at a cost of 21 lakhsof rupees. The plans were supplied bya Calcutta's Architect during thedirectorship of Dr. l.ankester."Victoria Zenana Hospital

The Victoria Zenana hospital, as itsname suggests, was established inmemory of Late Queen Victoria. Thefoundation stone was laid by His MajestyKing George V, When he visitedHyderabad as Prince of Wales in 1906.6Birth of Unani System of Medicine

In 1810 at the side of Moghalpuraentrance arch near Charminar, there isa Tiny mosque called Sajida begammasjid. A scholar from Afghanistanstarted holding classes in religioussubjects and other basic sciences."Gradually a course in Unani Tibb wasalso initiated."The Reign of Nizam VI

Ala Hazrat Mir Mehboob Ali KhanBahadur Gufran Makan, Asafjah VI,succeeded to the throne in 1285 Hijri(1865 AD) at an early age of about 4years. It is not possible to note down indetail about the development of medicalservices provided in his reign. He wasfamous all over India as a generous rulerand for his outlook for communalharmony and one of the importantfeature in his reign was that the finaldecision to encourage the unani systemof medicine in the state, under the careof the Nawab Sir Asmanjah Bahadur.His Ministry gave permanent shape tothe scheme and a department wasestablished on the auspicious day of

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali

15th teer 1300 Fasli (1890AD.) for theUnani system of medicine in the state.Which included three dispensaries viz.1. Sadar Shifakhana, 2. ShifakhanaHussaini Alam, 3. Shifakhana BerunBalda.

For these dispensaries AhmedSayeed Sahab, Hakeem Mirza Ashiq AliSahab and Hakeem Nawab MirzaSahab were appointed as Tabeebsrespectively. Among them HakeemAhmed Sayeed Sahab the Tabeeb ofSadar Shifakhana was designated as"Afsarul Atibba." and also "Sadarmudarris" of the school. To administerthis department a Board was constitutedunder the name of "Administrative Boardof Unani Medicine" which functionedupto 1306 Fasli (1896 AD). Later on theBoard was abolished and theadministration was handed over to theBoard of Directors, which functionedfrom 9th Khurdad 1306 fasil (1896 AD)to 16th Mehar 1306 fasli (1896 AD), i.e.(about 5 months). Later oncorrespondence was initiated directlybetween the Afsarul Atibha andGovernment due to the abolition of theBoard and inspection of all dispensariescame under control of Secretary to theGovernment. Ahmed Sayeed Sahabexpired on 18th Khurdad 1306 fasli(1896 AD) and Dr. Mohibbe HussainSahab Failasoof Jung was appointed inhis place as Afsarul Atibba who passedaway on 6th Bahman 1317 Fasli (1907AD). He was succeeded by HakeemAltaf Hussain Sahab Hazakh Jung.

In the reign of Nizam VI thedepartment was expanded and followingposts were created in 1306 fasli (1896

69

:AD) : Afsarul Atibba of Unani Deptt.- 1 post

Hakeems - 2 postsAssistants - 6 postsSchool Teacher - 1 post.The department had a strength of 39

staff members including clerks andcompounders likewise the total staff ofthis department was limited to 49. Lateron, one Magzanul Advya (godown) wasestablished with a post of Daroga andfour sub-ordinate posts under him.Annual expenditure of this departmentat that time was approximately betweenRs. 15,0001- to 20,0001-Position of Unani System of Medicineunder Rign of Nizam VII

The reign of Mir Osman Ali KhanBahadur the Nizam VII was the best andGolden period for development of Unanimedicine. He commanded to erect anew building with an approximate costof Rs. 5 lakhs similar to the OsmaniaGeneral Hospital on 27thJAMADIUSSANI 1344 Hijri i.e. 25thJanuary 1925. Actually it was proposedto be erected on the bank of Moosi riverresembling the Osmania GeneralHospital but it was altered. On 14thRabbiussani 1345 Hijri i.e. 25th October1926 the Nizam himself laid downfoundation stone by the side ofmonumental Charminar infront of MakkaMasjid for construction of the hospitalbuilding with an accommodation for 150beds for inpatients along with an out-patient department, which wascompleted in five years in the year 1350Hijri(1932AD).lntheyearof1336faslithe Nizam commanded the department

70to submit a proposal for establishmentof dispensaries, god own and also framea curriculum for Unani school with themain intention to uplift the Unani systemof medicine in a proper way and to giveprotection on par with Modern medicinein the State. The medium of instructionin the school was Arabic as well asPersian. In 1320 Fasli (1911 AD) onlynineteen dispensaries were established.Later on. this number was furtherincreased by establishing a total of 77dispensaries all over the Nizam'sdominion to serve the people. Thesedispensaries were classified in threecategories 1st, 2nd, and 3rd accordingto budgetary provision and employmentpotentiality. Thus the Unani medicineoccupied 2nd place to the Modernmedicine in the state.Position of AYUrYH. in the State

It is not an exaggeration to say thatAyurveda which is one of the oldestmedical sciences in the world served thepeople of the state under the patronageof Raja samsthanas of the State. Inthose days, the Ayurveda wasflourishing in the state due to efforts ofmany Ayurvedic physicians, scholasticteachers, distinguished patrons and wellwishers who worked together withdevotional spirit to make this ancientmedicine available to the people of thestate to provide cure for the diseases.Ayurvedic system prospered due to itspopularity in the villagers of the state.This was possible because vaidyastreated their patients with a thoroughknowledge of diseases after carefuldiagnosis according to Ayurvedic

BUll.Ind.lnst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVIII- 1998

principles. They were also experts inpreparing varieties of Ayurvedicmedicines according to the needs tocure various diseases.

The Ayurvedic system of medicineattained more and more popularity in thestate through the services of theptominent vaidyas.Pandit Hari Govindji

Pandit Hari Govindji was a legendry. person who sowed the seed of Ayurveda

in the state. Sri Pandit Shipalji father ofSri Hari Govindji a brahmin by cast, anative of Ferozabad, a remarkablescholar in Sanskrit, while on a journeyto visit the famous towns and cities ofIndia arrived in Hyderabad, and decidedto marry and settle down in Hyderabadin compliance of the request of hisfriends and some educated personalitieswho were attracted by his .activities. Incourse of time this couple was blessedwith a child, Sri Hari Govindji whobecame a famous physician and founderof Ayurveda in the State. Hari Govindjihad his education in the society ofeducated personalities and gainedsufficient knowledge in Urdu, Persianand Sanskrit. After his education heentered in the service of ForestDepartment due to which he had anopportunity in the service of Forestdepartment to identify medicinal plants,to know their properties and usages indiseases very well. This encouragedhim to make up his mind to learnAyurveda systematically. He contactedmany Ayurvedic physicians and gainedfurther knowledge in it from them. Inaddition to his service in the Forest

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VII- Raju & Momin Ali

department he started private practice.Later, he decided to give up hisGovernment service and to serve thepeople through the noble profession ofpractising Ayurvedic system of medicineto cater the needs of the poor. Furtherhe acquired sufficient knowledge inUnani medicine also under guidance andtraining of Hakeem Moulana AfzalHussain Sahab Rampuri.

Hari Govindji's courageous selflessand devoted services during the breakout of plague in Hyderabad in 1911 wereadmired by Government as well as oneand all in the state. Likewise at the timeof an epidemic of influenza in the statehe rendered his best services with keeninterest along with his team for speedycontrol of the epidemic. He founded aconference of influenza in 1919 A.D.,which was later on was converted into'HYDERABAD NIZAM AYURVEDICUNANI TIBBI CONFERENCE,' he actedas its secretary and gave a permanentshape to it. In the year 1923 the fifthannual "Hyderabad Nizam AyurvedicUnani Tibbi Conference" was organizedby him, which was the last conferenceduring his life.

Hari Govindji was a poet of Hindi andhad a poetic talent in Persian and Urdulanguages as well. He was personalphysician to Maharaja YameenulSultanat Sir Kishan Prasad Bahadur,other Jagirdars and Umras (nobles) ofthe state. Hari Govindji used to spent alot of money for the encouragement ofAyurveda in all aspects so as to preserveits popularity and prestige in the State.

Hari Govindji was a very popular

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physician, selfless devotee, a dedicatedpersonality of Ayurveda and a guru tomany physicians in the state. He gaveguidance and practical training to hisstudents in his own dispensary. Out ofhis disciples he selected some of theyoung and energetic, selfless hardworkers like Hakeem Narayan Das,Hakeem Ramakrishnaiah, HakeemPrabhu Dayal, Hakeem Suraj Prasad,Hakeem Rama Raju, HakeemJanardhan to popularise this medicinein the state.

Such an unique personality whodedicated his life to the cause of upliftingof Ayurveda in the state by all means,left the responsibility of development ofAyurveda on the shoulders of his youngdesciples and left this world at the ageof seventy five years. 9

Installation of Nizam AyurvedaVaidya Sangh in Hyderabad

After demise of Pandit Hari Govindji,there were no sign of activities to beseen in the field of Ayurveda for adecade or so There after some pioneerdisciples realised their responsibilitiesand came forward with having commonideas to fulfill the last desire of late HariGovindji. These members haveresembled and unanimously decidedwith determination at their meeting tostart an Ayurvedic college and adispensary to facilitate systematictheoretical and practical training to thestudents in Ayurvedic medicine and alsoto provide treatment to the people andfor this purpose an executive body wasformed in the name of Nizam AyurvedaVaidya Sangh consistinq of 9 eminen~

72vaidyas and scholars to run these twoinstitutions, under the management ofthe Sangh in the city. In this connectionthey executed an agreement ofpartnership under their Sangh on onerupee Dastavez Sarkar Asafia, No.B983040 with their shares on 10th Dai1344 fasli i.e. 14th November 1933 AD.The agreement was to take thenecessary steps for upliftment,encouragement and expansion ofAyurveda in Nizam's dominion.The names of the partners whoexecuted the partnerships agreementwith their shares are as under:

1. Hk.D.Janardhan VaidyaBhooshan S/o. Vasudev age 45 years,Gowliguda - two shares.

2. Hk.Shanker Prasad S/o. HariGovindji Kaviraj age 25 years,Sultanbazar - one and half (11/2) shares.

3. Pandit Radhakrishna Dwivedi,Bhishagacharya S/o. Pandit Khalasiramage 40 years, Charkaman, Hyderabadone and half shares.

4. Hk. D.Ram Raju, Vaidya RatnaS/o. Narasaraju age 40 years, BerunGowlipura, Hyderabad - one and halfshares.

5. Shatavadhani Tirumala VenkataRamanuja Swamy S/o. Rangachary age32 years, Secunderabad - one share.

6. M. Ananta Rangachary, AyurvedaPandit S/o. Pandit Raghavachary age 35years, Pathhargathi - one share.

7. Hk.P.Ram Das S/o. Yathirajamage 35 years, Chaman Afzalgunj,Hyderabad - one share.

8. Hk.Narasing Prasad S/o.Charnanlal Vaidya age 50 years,

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Sultanshahi - one share.9. Hk. Markandeyulu S/o. Venkaiah

age 30 years, Vadlabazar,Secunderabad - Three fourth share(Fig. 1).

These eminent physicians, scholarsand famous persons of the city startedwith the help of lovers of Ayurveda anddignitaries to give shape to Ayurveda inthe State. In this connection unforgetableand prominent part played by BabaPurandasji Udaseen to the cause ofAyurveda cannot be ignored. Undersuch powerful leadership of Babaji adelegation consisting of VaidyaBhooshan Janardhan, BhishagacharyaPt. Radhakrishna Dwivedi along withsome other founder members calledupon the Motemad Tibabat & Fouj,Hasan Nawaz Jung Bahadur, i.e.Secretary to the Government, severaltimes and impressed upon him thenecessity of the installing Ayurvedicsystem of medicine also undergovernment patronage in the State. Asa result of several times of persuationsmade by the delegation, the Secretaryto government at last agreed to give allpossible help to Ayurveda, provided,qualified vaidyas are available forappointment to the Ayurvedicdispensaries if established. TheSecretary further advised them to thinkof producing qualified vaidyas inAyurveda and as soon as the candidateswill be available the government wouldconsider to introduce the Ayurvedicsystem of medicine in the dominion.

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali

Ayurvedic Dawakhana and CollegeStarted Under Management ofNizam Ayurveda Vaidya Sangh

On the consequent of the advise ofthe Secretary to Government, NizamAyurveda Vaidya Sangh decided to starta dawakhana and college in the cityunder their own management. TheSangh hired a portion of building at Kothi,sultanbazar from a persian landlord atthe present site of Tajmahal HotelComplex and started the dawakhanaand college in the name of NizamAyurvedic Sadar Dawakhana & NizamAyurvedic College in the year 1934 as aprivate institution.Inauguration of Nizam AyurvedicSadar Dwakhana & AyurvedicCollege By the Prince of Berar

The General Wala Shan HazratAzam Jah Bahadur the prince of Berarand Sepe Salar Lashkar Asafia hadkindly conceded the long desire of thepioneers of Ayurveda and inauguratedthe Nizam Ayurvedic college and NizamAyurvedic Sadar Dawakhana on 25thShaban 1353 Hijri correspondingly 1stweek of December 1934 AD showinghis generosity love and affection for thissystem of medicine. This momentousoccasion was graced by MaharajaYameenul Sultanat Peshkar Bahadur SirKishan Pershad, Raja Bahadur VenkatRam Reddy, the Kotwal Sahab andother high dignitaries. Many officials inhigh positions of the State Governmentwere also present on the occasion. Thatauspicious day should be written ingolden letters in the Ayurvedic historyof Nizam State (Fig. 2).

73Thus, Ayurvedic system of medicine

was established during the reign ofNizam VII under the management ofNizam Ayurveda Vaidya Sangh.Release of Grant to Ayurveda By theNizam Government

As a result of the inauguration by thePrince of Berar, the government ofNizam was pleased to accord sanctionof an amount of Rs. 200/- p.m. forAyurveda. The amount also wasreleased by the Finance department.After the expiry of the period for whichthe amount was sanctioned on 3rd teer1344 Fasli (1934 AD) the Secretarymedical requested the SecretaryFinance, for further continuation. By theorder of Sadarat Ozma in its reply theamount of RS.200/ was released throughFinance Secretary vide his letter No.1624/1625 dated 20 Amardad 1346 fasli(1936 AD) Rs.100/- p.m. each forAyurvedic Sadar Dawakhana andAyurvedic college from the reservedfund to Ayurveda for a period of oneyear or until new scheme is sanctionedwhich ever is earlier, this letter wasaddressed to the Examiner to Civil andmilitary, to release an amount aftercareful examination and satisfactionwithout further delay, and underintimation to the Secretary Military andMedical for his file NO.60 of 1346 fasli(1936 A. 0.). Thus the amount of this aidfor Ayurveda continued up to 1941 A.D.

In the year of 1941 the NizamGovernment took. over the completeadministration of Dawakhana and theCollege and a sum of Rs. 35,000/- wasallotted in the budget for the year 1941-

7442 to meet the expenditure of theAyurvedic institutions.Commencement of Functioning ofNizam Ayurvedic Dawakhana andAyurvedic College

These two wings of dawakhana andthe college began to function at Sultanbazar, at the same rented building. Thedawakhana named as Nizam AyurvedicSadar Dawakhana, started functioningas an out patient department undersupervision of the distinguished foundermembers of these Ayurvedic institu-tions, such as Hk. D.JanardhanVaidyabhushan Hk. D. Ramaraju,Vaidya Ratna, who were the physicianswith designation of Mohtarrfim andMadadgar Mohtamim respectively. Incompounding section C.Jaganathamand D.Krishnamacharyulu carried outduties as compounders. Sri Chandriaha Senior sincere and obedient personwho was well experienced in preparationof medicines was appointed to attendother miscellaneous work also. Thislimited team of persons with theirsympathetic behaviour towards thepatients within no time made the NizamAyurvedic Sadar Dawakhana famousand popular in the twin cities ofHyderabad and Secunderabad.Establishment of Ayurvedic College

The Nizam Ayurvedic college, whichwas an another wing and an importantinstitution of the department startedfunctioning a little later afterestablishment of the Ayurvedic SadarDawakhana perhaps one of the reasonsmay be non-availability of candidatesseeking admission in the college, and

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another reason may be non availabilityof efficient teaching personnel in thisinstitution, though some of the foundermembers were scholars and able toteach each subject prescribed in thecourse. At this jucture some scholarscame forward to spare their valuabletime for such noble cause of teachingAyurveda. Probably the NizamAyurvedic college started admittingstudents. regularly from the year of 1935onwards. In the early days of the collegethere were no rules framed nor basicminimum qualifications were prescribedfor admission of candidates in it. Onlyworking knowledge of Sanskrit, Hinditogether with sufficient knowledge intheir mother tongue was enough foradmission. Duration of prescribedperiod of study was four years. Thesubjects were being taught on the basisof 'Grantha Pradhaniya Paddhati' mainlyfrom Laghutrayee, SushrutaKalpasthana, Rasaratnasamuchchayaand Sanskrit. A certificate'Ayurvedavisharada' was awarded to thecandidates after successful completionof the prescribed course. About eightcandidates were admitted in 1935 forfirst academic year in the Ayurvediccollege. Though in the following yearsthe number of admissions becamefewer, but later on the number ofcandidates increased gradually by thetime this institution was taken over bythe Nizam Government in the year 1940-41.Staff of the College

Among the founder members whostarted teaching different subjects, in the

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali

early days of the Ayurvedic college werePt. Radhakrishna, Bhishagacharya, whowas designated as Principal, VaidyaM.A. Rangachary, Ayurveda VaidyaVidwan, was designated as VicePrincipal, Shatavadhani Vedala VenkataRamanujaswamy was designated aslecturer of the college. According tostudents of the first batch, prior toPt. Radhakrishnaji, Sri SubbarayaShastri a scholar in Sanskrit & Ayurvedaacted as Principal of the college for fewmonths.Some of the Devoted Personalitieswho worked in the College

Later on few more persons devotedto Ayurveda agreed to extend their co-operation and offered their valuableservices for conducting classes in thecollege. They were Pt. PanchangamTiruvenkata Charyulu, Dr.Y.N.Thimmaraju, Srirangam Subba Rao,Pandit Chahail Biharilal Chaturvedi andKaviraj Shiv Vallabhji, etc.Constitution of an AyurvedicAdvisory Board and Framing of Rulesand Regulations by H.E.H. The NizamSarkar

H.E.H. The Nizam Sarkar waspleased to accord sanction to constitutean Ayurvedic Advisory Committee on29th Ramazan 1359 Hijri (31-10-1940AD) with an intention to develop theAyurvedic system of medicine in theState. This is a great sign ofachievement for Ayurveda to comeunder the patronage of NizamGovernment in the dominion. Thefollowing twenty one rules andregulations were framed for the

75guidance of the committee.1. The committee shall be named as

an "Ayurveda Advisory Committee."2. Committee means 'A Body in which

necessary discussions of construc-tive programme in connection withthe development of Ayurvediceducation to be taken place, andwhich informs the Government of itsdiscussions' .

3. The committee shall consist of -Chairman, a Secretary and sixhonorary members. Among themthree persons who have an interestin Ayurveda shall be nominated asmembers by the Government. Theother three members shall be appointed by the Government from theAyurvedic Vaidyas and UnaniHakeems.

4. The Secretary to the Government -Tibabat (Medical) shall be Chairmanof the Committee.

5. The Secretary of the Committeeshall be paid member with a salaryand who must have sufficientknowledge in Ayurveda.

6. The Chairman shall appoint thesehonorary members with the consentof the Government for a term of threeyears.

7. Any post of the member fallingvaccant with in the term, will be filledup by appointing any other personfor the rest of the term.

8. After completion of the term of themembers, Government shall appointnew members or the same membersmay be re-appointed.

9. The advisory committee shall meet

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in the office of the Secretary of theGovernment. Tibabat (medical) inevery first week of every month. Thechairman shall call an emergency -meeting, whenever it is necessary.

10.Except Chairman three Hon'ble -members shall be required to be -present in the meeting to completethe quorum. If it meets again afterpostponment of the meeting the -above rules do not apply to the meet-ing.

11.The subjects for discussions shouldbe in the serial order of the agenda.Chairman can change the serialorder if necessary.

12.The notice of the meeting shall beserved to the Hon'ble members atleast one week before commence-ment of the meeting. Agenda of thetopics for discussion also to be infor-med through the notice.

13.Chairman shall maintain thedecency of the meeting according tothe code of conduct. On the pointsof the discussions and rules of actionthe decision taken by the Chairmanshall be final.

14.Any Honorary member of advisory-committee, when he desires tospeak or to put a question to anyother fellow member pertaining toany, subject shall do so through theChairman. Unless one membersspeech is over, the other membersshould not interfere.

15.On proposals of any amendment ofof any resolution by any Hon'ble me-mber opinion shall be obtained onsuch amendment before hand. IfChairman feels that it is not necessa-ry the decision can be taken by him

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against the amendment.16.No Hon'ble member shall ever

speak on irrelevant subject. Withoutconsent of the Chairman no membershall speak twice on one subject.The proposer is only authorised toreply to the objectiion. Finaldecisions is taken by the majority ofthe committee.

17.On behalf of the committee theSecretary shall do all corresponden-ce and to preserve all records ofproceedings and minutes pertainingto the meeting, after obtainingsinature of the Chairman.

18. On behalf of the advisory committeesteps shall be taken for developmentof Ayurveda by propagating its bene-fits to the public. The committeeshall have the duty to convince theGovernment about the necessity ofthis system and make recommen-dations on the following subjects:

a. Establishment of schools.b. To provide books, benches,

chairs for them.c. To establish an Ayurvedic dispen

sary and supervise it.d. To appoint eligible candidates in

the vacant posts in the schoolsand dispensaries.

e. To supervise the work of theteachers and vaidyas working inthe schools and dispensaries.

f. To sanction stipend for eligiblestudents.

g. To plant and nourish medicalplants with consultation of theagriculture department.

h. To get prepared good medicines.

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali

i. Where there are no dispensariesthe treatment should be providedto the public through mobile dis-pensaries.

j. Necessary suggestions could beobtained from the eminentvaidyas of the state or evenfrom out of the state by payingremuneration to them.

k. To conduct inspections ofschools and dispensaries.

19. The advisory committee shall sub-mit its budgetory estimates, income andexpendi ture report to the Governmentwith the Signature of the Chairman.20. In connection with the subject men-tioned at fourth and sixth of the rule 18,the Government shall delegate power tothe Chairman to execute or even can-cel or the Government authorise itselfto do the same.21. The Government is authorised toimplement these rules with sub-rules."Constitution of the Central Board ofTanzeemedehi (Rural DevelopmentBoard)

Sir Akbar Hyder Nawaz JungBahadur, who was an experienced, oneof the best administrators and belongingto a noble family of India, was then thePrime Minister of Nizam Government.He had realised the need to procure- aproper patronage of the Government forAyurveda on par with the other systemsof medicine in the dominion. With thisintension he constituted a Board underthe name"The Central Board of Tanzeemedehi"

on thursday 13th February 1941 A.D.The Board had to bring uniformity in thedifferent systems of medicine and in the

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planning and preparation of schemes ina proper manner.

The Central Board ofTanzeemedehiwas constituted by the Prime Ministerwith the concurrence of the H.E.H. theNizam with the following members tocontrol and look aftter the establishmentand construction of dispensaries andmedical colleges in the State:

1. Nawab Gaousyar Jung Bahadur,Subbedar Gulbarga - Official member2. Moulvi Sayyed Asadullah SahabZaed, Motemad Mal for local fund3. Hk. Maqsood Ali Khan, Director,Unani4. Hk. Basheer Ahmad, PrivateMember,Unani5. Dr. Hyder ali khan, Director,Allopathy6. Dr. Lateef Sayeed, Private MemberAllopathy7. Hk. Shanker Prasad, SecretaryAyurvedic Advisory Board8. Kaviraj Shivavallabh, Privatemember, Ayurveda.The Nizam Ayurvedic IntezamiBoard

After preparing rules and regulationsfor the board to act, the Nizam Govern-ment had constituted a Board entitled"Nizam Ayurvedic Intezami Board" in themonth of February 1941 with the follow-ing members

President: Nawab Hassan NawazJung BahadurSecretary to the Government.Medical & MilitarySecretary: Hk.Shanker Prasad HariGovind

78Members:Sri Baba Purandas UdaseenSri Raja Panna lalpitiPt.Suraj PrasadPt. Gaya PrasadSri Raja Pingali Venkataram ReddyMoulvi Hakeem Kabeeruddin

To prepare curriculum and syllabus forthe ensuing Nizam Ayurvedic college, asub-committee also was formed byGovernment consisting of the followingmembers:

Dr.Vaghrey, Dr.Brijmohan Lal(Principal Osmania Medical College),Pt.Suraj Prasad, Pt.Gaya Prasad,Pt.Radha Krishna, Moulvi Kabeeruddinand Hk. Shanker Prasad Hari Govind."Public Relation, Department of NizamGovernment

Following notification released bythe Public Relation department of NizamGovernment.

"H.E.H. The Nizam has beenpleased to accord sanction to imple-ment and prepared scheme forencouragement of Ayurvedic system ofmedicine in the dominion. According tothe scheme an amount of Rs. 43,0001-was to be spent in the first phase, lateron Rs.35,0001- were to be spent everyyear. Accordingly an advisorycommittee should be constituted with theSecretary to the medical and military asits Chairman along with seven othermembers. The Chairman of thecommittee will look after theadministration of the department, collegeand hospitals. (All this was conditional.The condition was that the Governmentwould watch for a period of 2 years that,

Bull. Ind. Inst.Hist, Med. Vol. XXVII/- 1998

how far this system of medicine is usefulto the public. Then it would be decidedwhether it should be continuedpermanently or any other alternativestep is required to be taken intoconsideration. )Nizam Ayurvedic College & SadarDawakhana Taken over by theGovernment

On the proposal submitted by theBoard of Ayurveda constituted by theGOvernment, the Institutions functioningas Nizam Ayurvedic Sadar Dawakhanaand Nizam Ayurvedic College (both inthe same premises) at sultan bazar,were taken over by Nizam Governmentunder it's direct control from 1stArdibehesh 1350 Fasli (5th March 1941AD). The following appointments weremade in Nizam Ayurvedic SadarDawakhana

Hk. D.Janardhan Vaidya Bhooshanwas appointed as Superintendent(Mohtamim) in the scale of 150-200 p.m.

Hk.D.Ramaraj was appointed asAssistant Superintendent (MadadgarMohtamim) in the scale of 80-125 p.m.

One Itenerary dispensary alsoestablished to which Sri M.A.Rangachary was appointed as anIncharge of the dispensary.Nizam Ayurvedic College

Pandit Radhakrishna Sharma wasappointed as Principal of the College inthe scale of Rs. 150-200 p.m., Pt.Chahail Biharilal, Pt.Shiva VallabhKaviraj, Pt. Parmeshwari Prasad wereappointed as lecturers in the college onthe salary of Rs.801- p.m. Apart fromthese posts three more posts were also

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali

created with the monthly remunerationof Rs.50/- On one of these three postsPt. Ranchangam Tiruvenkatachary wasappointed and the other two posts werekept vacant.

Later on, in the Sadar Dawakhanatwo more posts of Assistant vaidyaswere created. To these two posts, onepost was added in general out - patientwing by appointing Hk. PRamdas andanother post in Shalya (surgery) sectionon which Hk. Gopalaswamy Pillai afamous Ayurvedic practioner in Shalyawas appointed.Additional Staff in the College

Apart from the senior staff of thecollege some more posts were alsocreated and following persons wereappointed probably in the year 1942-43.1.Pt.Narayan Dattaji, 2.P1.Varadhach-ary 13. Dr.Annaji Gopal Rao Deshpande,MBBS Bombay, 4.Pt. Lakshmi -narayana Jha, 5. Pi. YagnadattaSharma, 6.PLGoveradhan Sharma.(pi. Yagnadutta Sharma andGoverndhan Sharma worked in thecollege for a very short period).Notification issued by theGovernment, Functioning of NizamAyurvedic Sadar Dawakhana &College

"The Nizam Ayurvedic SadarDawakhana and College situated atSultan Bazar, Hyderabad, had beentaken over by the Government. Theseinstitutions are functioning under directcontrol of the Government hereafter.Working hours of Sadar Dawakhana willbe from 8 AM to 12 noon in the morningand 5 PM to 6 PM. in the evening.Medicines will be given to the patientsfree of cost. Moreover the Itinerarydispensing team also has started to visitJatras, Uruses and Bazars, where free

79treatment will be given to the sufferinghumanity.

Classes will be commenced in theNizam Ayurvedic college from 1stAmardad 1350 Fasli (1941 AD)onwards. The duration of study periodis for four years, after completing fouryears study course, a certificate will beawarded to the successful candidateswho have appeared for the examination.12

Opening of Two more AyurvedicDispensaries

Subsequently the governmentstarted two more Ayurrvedicdispensaries in the city. One dispensaryat Karwan and another at Himayatnagarproviding all facilities which wereavailable in Ayurveda SadarDawakhana.Nizam Ayurvedic Sadar Dawakhanaand Nizam Ayurvedic College Shiftedto Troop Bazar and to other Places

In the meantime, the NizamAyurvedic Sadar dawakhana and NizamAyurvedic college were shifted fromSultan bazar, Tajmahal building to aprivate building adjacent to electricitysubstation at troop bazar (Fig. 3). Fromthere it was shifted to a huge building ofNawab Khudrat Nawaz Jung a brotherin law of Nizam Vllth the then Secretaryto the Medical department which was atHyderguda. From there it was againshifted to Raja Sirnapally building,Jambagh, and from there to Sardar-mahal building near Charminar (Fig. 4).These two institutions remained there forsome time, then the sadar dawakhanawas shifted to one of the wings ofNizamia General Hospital. Thereafter,under the unavaoidable circumstancesthe Ayurvedic college was shifted toMaharaja Kishan prasad palace at

80Shalibanda in 1964-65 and from there itwas again shifted to the Dewadi of'Suryayar Jung Bahadur' nearYakutpura Railway Station. It wasshifted from there for a short period intoa private building at Tarnaka. Then itwas shifted again to Keshava Iyengarbuilding located in one of the lanes ofAbids adjacent to Santosh Talkies. Atlast a land was selected by theGovernment in one of the corner of T. B.Hospital, compound at Yerragadda andit was decided to construct a newbuilding for Ayurvedic college andhospital permanently in a plannedmanner. The foundation stone was laidby the then Chief Minister of A.P. Sri.T.Anjaiah and its name was changed asDr. Boorgula Ramkrishna Rao Govt.Ayurvedic College in the year 1983. Inthis way the c-ollege after moving in manyhistorical places and private buildingsfinally found it's permanent-home whichwas its won in the year tQ86.Proposal to Establish TwentyAyurvedic Dispensaries in the State

As a decision was taken by theAdvisory committee in the middle of1945-47 or so, scheme was preparedand submitted to the Government toestablish twenty Ayurvedic dispensariesin rural areas of the state.Appointment of Umedwars Prevailedin Nizam Government

In Nizam government, an Umedwari(Apprentice) system prevailed in eachand every department to work asUmedwar without any remuneration,with the permission of the competentauthorities of the particular department.Those Umedware who were permittedto work in the department, werepreferred for appintment on new postswhenever they were created and or

Bull. Ind. Inst.Hist, Med. Vol. XXVIII- 1998

whenever some one goes on long leave.These post were purely temporary.Accordingly in view of the ensuingvacancies in the department for postsof vaidyas in the propsoed schemepending with the government. TheSecretary medical permitted somecandidates to work as Umedwars.Selection of Umedwars was from thosewho passed the Ayurvedic visharadaexamination from GovernmentAyurvedic College, Hyderabad only.The Secretary advisory board ofAyurveda communica-ted thepermission order to the candidates andposted them in various dispensaries inthe city and college, vide his letter No.933, dated 5th Khurdad 1357 Fasli(1948 AD). Further, he clarified that theUmedwars should maintain discipline intheir respective places of posting. Theyshould not give any scope for complaintsagainst them by their incharge. If anyUmedwar was found absent from hiswork without intimation to the authoritiesfor one month, his name should beremoved from the list of Umedwars andhe will not be considered for service inthe department.

But after the fali of Nizam's regimein 1948, all the schemes of developmentof Ayurveda pending with theGovernment were withdrawn, theummidWari system was also abolishedand the further expansion of Ayurvedawas stagnated until the formation of anew Government.

However, the nucleus created in thereign of Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur,the Nizam VII, was futher developed andexpanded by the successive StateGovernments of Andhra Pradesh ofindependent India.

Dawn of Ayurveda During The Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali 81

Fig.1 Members of the Executive Body of the Nizam Ayurveda VaidyaSangh (1933 A.D.).

Fig. 2 Group photo after inauguration of the Nizam Ayurvedic SadarDawakhana & Ayurvedic College at Koti, by the Prince of Berar (1934).

82 Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVIII- 1998

Fig. 3 The Nizam Ayurvedic Sadar Dawakhana & College at Troop Bazar.

Fig. 4 The Ayurvedic College at Sardar Mahal near Charminar.

Dawn of Ayurveda DU;/I'd :f'~' Reign of Nizam VI/- Raju & Momin Ali 83

REFERENCES

1 Choory Muthu,D 1930 The Antiquity of Hindu Medicine andCivilization, 3rd edition, published bySailliere, Trindall & Co., London.

1941 The XVII, All India Medical Conference(A.I.M.C.) Souvenir, Published by Dr.N.M. Jaisoorya, Osmania Printingworks Secunderabad.

1941 'Souvenir of the XVII All India, MedicalConference, Hyderabad Page No.128.History of Development of Hospitals inEast and West.

1938 Programme of the visit of theirExcellencies Lord & Lady Linlithgow,Hyderabad Deccan, a Govt.Publication.

2. Jaisoorya, N.M.

3 Lt. Col. Shol::: ~;.'p. Rai

4.Khan Khurshrsd

5. Anonymous

6. Ibid

11. i~:drnanuja Swamy

1967 -68 Ayurveda Sudha (Report of Secretaryspecial convocation), 17-3-1966Page Nos. 21-24.

1936 Islami Tibb, published by Azam SteamPress, Hyderabad. Page Nos.177 -179.

1952 Tazkira-Atibba-e-Ahd-e-Usmani, Publi-shed by Shifa Hyderabadi,Page No. 111.

1941 Ayurveda Kala (Telugu), February.Vol. 1, Issue No.2, P.Nos. 39-41.

:'J~i <\vurveda kala (Telugu), March Vol-'.;').1, Issue No.3, P.No.40 .

.<: .vurvedakala (Telugu) June,. Nos.36 & 41 (According to .'

;;~blished in Golkonda Po'

7. Anonvrnous

8. R8r1XH Farooqui, N,K,M.

9 f!' '~h:h Hyderabadi

',iJ "'~mat1Uia Swarnv

":::' R~1manujaSwamy

84 Da ••vn of Ayurveda During the Reign of Nizetn VII - Raju & Momin Ali

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