Bullard- “Marginalized populations are at greater risk from disasters.”

Waterlines

Disparities in storm damage • • By race.

– Damaged areas were 45.8% black, – Undamaged areas 26.4%

• • By housing tenure. – Damaged areas 45.7% of homes occupied by renters,– 30.9% in undamaged communities.

• • By poverty and employment status– 20.9% of households had incomes below the poverty line in damaged areas– 15.3% in undamaged areas. – 7.6% of persons in the labor force were unemployed in damaged areas (before

the storm), compared to 6.0% inundamaged areas.• Homeownership (55% among Whites, 42% among African American households)• pre-Katrina black population, 35% below the poverty line; the median household

income was only $25,000. • pre-Katrina whites, 11% below poverty line; median income– $61,000.

Racial Differences in Recovery

• New Orleans is now a smaller city 2000-2010– lost 118,526 African Americans – Lost 24,101 whites since 2000– Gained 3,225 Hispanics.

Disparities in storm damage • • By race.

– Damaged areas were 45.8% black, – Undamaged areas 26.4%

• • By housing tenure. – Damaged areas 45.7% of homes occupied by renters,– 30.9% in undamaged communities.

• • By poverty and employment status– 20.9% of households had incomes below the poverty line in damaged areas– 15.3% in undamaged areas. – 7.6% of persons in the labor force were unemployed in damaged areas (before

the storm), compared to 6.0% inundamaged areas.• Homeownership (55% among Whites, 42% among African American households)• pre-Katrina black population, 35% below the poverty line; the median household

income was only $25,000. • pre-Katrina whites, 11% below poverty line; median income– $61,000.

minority communities face -- "multiple, cumulative and synergistic risk"

Lead in Playground Soil

• Foreman- “Efforts to address environmental issues, divert attention from more serious threats to health and well being of minority communities.”