ME Environmental Management

Bulk Survey For Release

September 17,2015ASP 2014 Workshop

By Don Dihel, CHMM

Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office

Bulk Survey For Release

BSFR is a term used to refer to a licensed process that has been approved by the Tennessee

Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) to allow the disposal of materials with

EXTREMELY LOW LEVELS OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

in Class I landfills.

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DOE Operations and D&D Generate Extremely Low Level Waste

• Soil• Resin• Concrete• Asphalt• Paper• Plastic• Waste PPE

Is it cost effective to dispose of this waste in Low Level Radioactive Waste Cells?

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Tennessee Department of Environment & ConservationDivision of Radiological Health

• Tennessee’s Bulk Survey for Release (BSFR) program was developed in order to have a standardized process to analyze materials with extremely low levels of radioactive contamination for disposal in specified Class I landfills.

• By allowing waste that does not pose any significant risk to be disposed of under the BSFR program, space in the limited number of radioactive waste facilities can be conserved for the material that truly requires that type of disposal.

• Based on NRC Program 10 CFR 20.2002.

• These levels of contamination, while detectable with modern equipment, pose no hazard to human health or the environment by being disposed of in this manner.

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BSFR

How Does BSFR Work?

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BSFR

1. Material is analyzed at each Generator’s site for the chemical constituencies and to identify each radionuclide and its activity (pCi/g).

2. The material is then shipped according to U.S. Department Of Transportation (USDOT) regulations to a

processor.

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BSFR3. At the processor each package is analyzed again to verify the radionuclides and their associated activities (pCi/g).

4. This analysis allows the processor to determine if the material meets the predetermined limits authorized in their radioactive material license for BSFR disposal.

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BSFR

5. If The Material Meets The Predetermined Licensed Authorized

Limits And The Container Surface Dose Rate Limits And Does Not Meet The USDOT Definition

For Radioactive Material It Is Then Shipped To The Preauthorized Landfill.

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BSFR

6. At the Landfill The Material Goes Through A Final Check.

Only After It Passes The Final Check Is It Disposed In The Landfill.

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BSFR Licensing Requirements• For each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an

analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TEDE).

• At a minimum, the external, inhalation, and soil pathways shall be analyzed and it shall be assumed that working face employees are on the landfill 25% of the year

• A separate analysis shall be submitted for each operation identified above and shall include the delivery driver, landfill workers affected and post landfill use, as outlined below, using the most current RESRAD computer code.

• For each analysis, use the entire useable disposal area of the landfill beginning when the conditional disposal program started.

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Tennessee Division of Solid Waste ManagementAll landfills are operated in accordance with Tennessee Division of Solid Waste Management (TDSWM) requirements for Class I landfill. The requirements for operating a Class I landfill are codified in Chapter 0400-11-01-.04, Specific Requirements for Class I, II, III, and, IV Disposal Facilities. This regulation includes requirements for:

• performance, access control,

• fire safety,

• litter control,

• communications,

• cover materials,

• run-on, run-off and erosion control,

• dust control,

• location in flood plains,

• inspection program,

• future planning,

• leachate migration controls,

• gas migration controls,

• waste handling and cover standards,

• groundwater protection, and

• corrective actions

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COMPUTER MODEL

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COMPUTER MODEL

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Who can perform BFSR Screening and Disposal?

Four licensees in Tennessee are (were) authorized to conduct the BSFR program: • IMPACT (Closed), • Studsvik-RACE (now EnergySolutions – Memphis),• Toxco, and • Duratek/Energy Solutions (EnergySolutions – Bear Creek)

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Which Landfills in Tennessee support BSFR?There are four Class I landfills in Tennessee authorized to receive wastes under the BSFR program: • Chestnut Ridge Landfill facility in Heiskell (Anderson County),• North Shelby County, • South Shelby County, and • Carter Valley in Hawkins County.

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DOE Looks for more Cost Effective Waste Disposal Options

• DOE issues IDIQ Contract DE-AM30-10CC60042 for Contractors to use BSFR process.

• Contract based on DOE O 435.1.• Contract states other DOE Orders must be met, but not listed.• Waste from Portsmouth was sent under IDIQ to Impact

Services, Studsvik, and EnergySolutions – Bear Creek.• Save Money!!!!

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Actual Process• Waste is shipped from facility as radioactive waste using NRC

Form 541, shipped as Radioactive Waste.• Waste is scanned using ISOCS to determine concentration of

nuclides.– May only have 1 or 2 nuclides that are detected and others are

“ratioed” using scaling factors.– If total activity of waste is below WAC for landfill and below DOT,

waste classified as non-radioactive.

• Waste ownership transfer to Processor and Processor disposed of waste. Processor reports waste using their results.

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Regulatory Authority

DOEDOE Prime

Contractor Generates Waste

Contractor determines if

waste is radioactive

Contractor prepares LLW for shipment

Generator receives LLW

DOTShips LLW to

BSFR

Ships LLW waste to LLW

Facility

NRC/DOEBSFR Facilty recives LLW

BSFR facility to determine status

of waste

BSFR facility determines waste

does not meet WAC criteria

IDIQ contractor Ships waste to

licensed disposal

facility or returns to generator

BSFR facility determines waste

meets WAC criteria

BSFR facility ships waste to conditionally

licensed landfill

DOT

Ships "Conditionally

Disapable" waste to Class I

landfill

Ships LLW waste to LLW

Facility

NRC Class I landfill

buries wasteLLW facility buries waste

Passes. Allowed to be disposed in Class I landfill.

Failed. Sent to LLW landfill.

So what is wrong with DOE facilities using the BSFR

process?

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Application of DOE O 458.1

Per the order, DOE can only release radioactive materials (including waste) from DOE control through Surface Contamination Limits (dpm/100 cm2) or must have Authorized Limits. The BSFR limits have not been approved per the order.

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WRONG ASSUMPTIONS

1. Since the waste is shipped to a NRC agreement state facility using a NRC agreement state approved process, DOE O 458.1 does not apply and DOE has no responsibilities for the waste after it is received.

2. Per the IDIQ Contract, “All commercial TSDFs are required to be audited in accordance with DOE Order 435.1 annual audit requirements…” Therefore DOE is responsible for performing the audits and that is performed by DOECAP.

3. The waste belongs to the processor.

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Issues• DOE does not use NRC process to define DOE LLW.

Discussions with EM, CBC, and HSS concluded that the material is subject to DOE O 458.1 requirements.

• No DOE O 435.1 assessment had been performed.• DOECAP may or may not meet DOE O 435.1 requirements,

but LOI are not based on DOE O 435.1.• Waste responsibility can not be transferred to the processor.

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So What is different ?• How is DOE evaluation of dose similar and or different than

TDEC dose evaluation?– Use same model– Use same parameters as TDEC except Dose Conversion Factors

• For TDEC, for each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TEDE).

• For DOE, for each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TED).

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Problem Solving

1 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑚/𝑦𝑟= 𝐷𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑁𝑅𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶𝐹𝑁𝑅𝐶× 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑁𝑅𝐶𝑋

𝑛=1

1 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑚/𝑦𝑟= 𝐷𝑜𝑠𝑒𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 𝐷𝐶𝐹𝐷𝑂𝐸× 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐷𝑂𝐸𝑋

𝑛=1

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐷𝑂𝐸× 𝐷𝐶𝐹𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑁𝑅𝐶× 𝐷𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑁𝑅𝐶

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑁𝑅𝐶× 𝐷𝐶𝐹𝑁𝑅𝐶𝐷𝐶𝐹𝐷𝑂𝐸

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Dose conversion factors for external ground radiation (mrem/yr)/(pCi/g)

Radionuclides Daughters Half-lifeDOE ConversionsSTD-1196-2011

NRC ConversionsFRG 11

DCFN/DCFD

(in %)

Am241   432.2 years 3.717E-02 4.372E-02 118%

Np237   2.14x 106 years 6.706E-02 7.790E-02 116%Cs137   30.17 years 8.686E-04 7.510E-04 86%  Ba137m 2.52 mins 3.381E+00 3.606E+00 107%

Tc99   2.13x105 years 1.104E-04 1.255E-04 114%

Pu238   87.74 years 1.111E-04 1.513E-04 136%

Pu239   2.411x 104 years 2.765E-04 2.952E-04 107%

Pu240   6.56 x 103 years 1.130E-04 1.467E-04 130%

Th232   1.405×1010 years 4.782E-04 5.212E-04 109%

  Ra228 6.7 years 6.575E-05 0.000E+00 0%

  Ac228 6.13 hours 5.044E+00 5.98E+00 119%

  Th228 1.91 years 7.248E-03 7.940E-03 110%

  Ra224 3.64 days 4.950E-02 5.119E-02 103%

  Rn220 55 sec 3.474E-03 2.298E-03 66%

  Po216 0.15 sec 8.873E-05 1.042E-04 117%

  Pb212 10.64 hours 6.314E-01 7.043E-01 112%

  Bi212 60.6 mins 6.258E-01 1.171E+00 187%

  Tl208 3.10 min 2.167E+01 2.298E+01 106%

U234   2.45 x 105 years 3.456E-04 4.017E-04 116%

  Th230 7.538×104 years 1.106E-03 1.209E-03 109%

  Ra226 1.602 x 103 years 3.176E-02 3.176E-02 100%

U235   7.04 x 108 years 7.005E-01 7.211E-01 103%

  Th231 25.52 hours 3.250E-02 3.643E-02 112%

U238   4.51 x 109 years 1.713E-04 1.031E-04 60%

  Th234 24.10 days 2.316E-02 2.410E-02 104%

  Pa234m 1.17 mins 1.257E-01 8.967E-02 71%

  Pa234 6.75 hours 8.275E+00 1.155E+01 140%

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Dose conversion factors for ingestion, mrem/pCi

Radionuclides Daughters Half-lifeDOE Conversions

STD-1196-2011NRC Conversions

FRG 11DCFN/DCFD

(in %)

Am241   432.2 years 8.806E-04 3.640E-03 413%

Np237   2.14x 106 years 4.625E-04 4.440E-03 960%Cs137+D   30.17 years 4.921E-05 5.000E-05 102%

Tc99   2.13x105 years 3.330E-06 1.460E-06 44%

Pu238   87.74 years 8.436E-04 3.200E-03 379%

Pu239   2.411x 104 years 9.287E-04 3.540E-03 381%

Pu240   6.56 x 103 years 9.287E-04 3.540E-03 381%

Th232   1.405×1010 years 1.029E-03 2.730E-03 265%

  Ra228+D 6.7 years 5.920E-03 1.440E-03 24%

  Th228 1.91 years 4.290E-04 3.960E-04 92%

  Ra224+D 3.64 days 5.056E-04 3.660E-04 72%

U234   2.45 x 105 years 2.150E-04 2.830E-04 132%

  Th230 7.538×104 years 9.361E-04 5.480E-04 59%

  Ra226 1.602 x 103 years 1.676E-03 1.320E-03 79%

U235   7.04 x 108 years 2.048E-04 2.670E-04 130%

  Th231 25.52 hours 1.706E-06 1.350E-06 79%

U238 4.51 x 109 years 1.939E-04 2.690E-04 139%

  Th234 24.10 days 1.937E-05 1.370E-05 71%

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Dose conversion factors for inhalation, mrem/pCi

Radionuclides Daughters Half-lifeDOE Conversions

STD-1196-2011NRC Conversions

FRG 11DCFN/DCFD

(in %)

Am241   432.2 years 3.630E-01 4.400E-01 121%

Np237   2.14x 106 years 1.868E-01 5.400E-01 289%Cs137+D Ba137m 30.17 years 1.543E-04 3.190E-05 21%

Tc99   2.13x105 years 5.254E-05 8.320E-06 16%

Pu238   87.74 years 4.070E-01 3.920E-01 96%

Pu239+D   2.411x 104 years 4.477E-01 4.290E-01 96%

Pu240   6.56 x 103 years 4.477E-01 4.290E-01 96%

Th232   1.405×1010 years 4.255E-01 1.640E+00 385%

  Ra228+D 6.7 years 6.333E-02 5.078E-03 8%

  Th228 1.91 years 4.144E-02 3.420E-01 825%

  Ra224+D 3.64 days 1.436E-02 3.351E-03 23%

U234   2.45 x 105 years 3.737E-02 1.320E-01 353%

  Th230 7.538×104 years 3.848E-01 3.260E-01 85%

  Ra226 1.602 x 103 years 3.811E-02 8.580E-03 23%

U235   7.04 x 108 years 3.378E-02 1.230E-01 364%

  Th231 25.52 hours 1.399E-06 8.770E-07 63%

U238   4.51 x 109 years 3.212E-02 1.180E-01 367%

  Th234+D 24.10 days 3.329E-05 3.581E-05 108%

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Radionuclides (+ Daughters)

DCFN/DCFD

InhalationDCFN/DCFD

IngestionDCFN/DCFD

ExternalLowest

DCFN/DCFD

Am241121% 413% 118% 118%

Np237 289% 960% 116% 116%

Cs137+D21% 102% 97% 21%

Tc9916% 44% 114% 16%

Pu238 96% 379% 136% 96%

Pu239+D 96% 381% 107% 96%

Pu240 96% 381% 130% 96%

Th232 311% 114% 103% 103%

U234 153% 90% 109% 90%

U235 213% 105% 108% 105%

U238 237% 105% 94% 94%

Th230 85% 59% 109% 59%

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IsotopeProfilepCi/g

North ShelbyWAC (pCi/g)

LowestDCFN/DCFD

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction

South Shelby

WAC (pCi/g)

LowestDCFN/DCF

D

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g)

FractionCarter Valley

WAC (pCi/g)

LowestDCFN/DCF

D

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g)

FractionChestnut

RidgeWAC (pCi/g)

LowestDCFN/DCF

D

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g)

Fraction

U234 5.916 541.5 90% 485.4 0.012 562 90% 503.8 0.012 50 90% 44.8 0.132 272 90% 243.8 0.024U235 0.2277 93.45 105% 97.9 0.002 93.55 105% 98.0 0.002 20 105% 21.0 0.011 69 105% 72.3 0.003U238 0.9577 288.6 94% 270.7 0.004 289.3 94% 271.3 0.004 100 94% 93.8 0.010 284 94% 266.4 0.004Am241 0 108.6 118% 127.7 0.000 108.9 118% 128.1 0.000 15 118% 17.6 0.000 109 118% 128.2 0.000Np237 0 0.5075 116% 0.6 0.000 0.7695 116% 0.9 0.000 2 116% 2.3 0.000 6 116% 7.0 0.000Pu239/240 0 113 294% 332.5 0.000 113.3 294% 333.4 0.000 15 294% 44.1 0.000 112 294% 329.6 0.000Tc99 4.84 32.89 16% 5.2 0.929 31.54 16% 5.0 0.969 30 16% 4.8 1.019 21 16% 3.3 1.455Th230 0 2.818 59% 1.6 0.000 3.004 59% 1.8 0.000 2 59% 1.2 0.000 2 59% 1.2 0.000

Total 0.947 Total 0.987 Total 1.172 Total 1.486

X326 DAW

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X326 DAW

Isotope ProfilepCi/g

North ShelbyWAC (pCi/g)

20%/30%/50%DCFN/DCFD

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction South Shelby

WAC (pCi/g)20%/30%/50%

DCFN/DCFD

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g)

Fraction Carter ValleyWAC (pCi/g)

20%/30%/50%DCFN/DCFD

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction Chestnut Ridge

WAC (pCi/g)20%/30%/50%

DCFN/DCFD

DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction

U234 5.916 541.5 112% 605.7 0.010 562 112% 628.6 0.009 50 112% 55.9 0.106 272 112% 304.2 0.019

U235 0.2277 93.45 128% 119.5 0.002 93.55 128% 119.6 0.002 20 128% 25.6 0.009 69 128% 88.2 0.003

U238 0.9577 288.6 126% 363.1 0.003 289.3 126% 364.0 0.003 100 126% 125.8 0.008 284 126% 357.3 0.003

Am241 0 108.6 207% 224.9 0.000 108.9 207% 225.5 0.000 15 207% 31.1 0.000 109 207% 225.7 0.000

Np237 0 0.5075 404% 2.0 0.000 0.7695 404% 3.1 0.000 2 404% 8.1 0.000 6 404% 24.2 0.000

Pu239/240 0 113 385% 435.4 0.000 113.3 385% 436.6 0.000 15 385% 57.8 0.000 112 385% 431.6 0.000

Tc99 4.84 32.89 73% 24.1 0.201 31.54 73% 23.1 0.210 30 73% 21.9 0.221 21 73% 15.4 0.315

Th230 0 2.818 89% 2.5 0.000 3.004 89% 2.7 0.000 2 89% 1.8 0.000 2 89% 1.8 0.000

Total 0.215 Total 0.224 Total 0.343 Total 0.340

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Where is PPPO at now?• We have document submitted to CBC, EM and EHSS stating

the problem and why we believe waste disposed from Portsmouth was safely disposed per DOE requirements.

• We have our analysis and thought process approved by EM and EHSS. Writing Authorized Limits request to submit to EM.

• We are stressing to contractors to review DOECAP reports (LOI) to see if audit meets our requirements and conducting internal assessments for compliance.

• We have office oversight and concurrence on all off-site releases.

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Questions?