PERSATUAN BUL,AT{ SAB]IT MERATI MALAYSIA(Malaysian Red Crescent Sociej)

BIJKT.! PANDI.IAN NO.6

R.EGUI-ATION OF THE IJSE OFEMBl.EM

COI{TENTS

StsA!:IEE-3 : AeIq3.1 : Relevant Acts.

3.'t.1 : The Geneva Conveniions Ac-t, 1962(Act 512).

3.1.2 : The Malaysian Red Crescent Society(lncorpcration) Ac1, 1965 (Ad 540).

3.1.3 : The Malaysian Red Cresoent Socjety (Change- of Name) Act, 1975 (Act 162).

3.1.4 ; The Trade lrlarks Regulations, '1997, madePersuant to the Trade MaR Act, 1976,

3.2 : Conceming the proteclive use of the emblem.

3.2.1 : The national legislation.

3.2.2 : The competenl authority.

CHAPTER rl

4.' l

4 .1 .1

4.2

4.2.1

4.3

4.3.1

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

4-4

4.4. ' l

4.4.2

CHAPTER 5 :

5.'t

5.1 .1

5 .1 .2

5 .1 .3

Concerning the inrlicative lse oflhe emblem.The Nalional legisfialion.

The competent authority-

PROTECTIVE U$E OF TH€ EIIiBLEM

GENERAL PRINCIIPLE

Consent ol the Authority and conditionsgoveming lhe use ofthe emblem.

PERSONS

JIJ[^onn", orthe Nationar society,

OBJECTS

Medical units and transporls of the NationalSociety.

Specific rules for marking.

Optional distinciive for signals-

Ma*ing already in time of peace.

SPECIFIC RULES

Simullaneous use of the emblem as a protestiveand as an lndicalive device.

: National Society of a neutral or other Slate notParty to the conflict.

INDICATIVE USE OF THE EMBLE

t*tt*

-

Members and employees of the National Socie{y.

Members of 'lhe Red Cross or Red Crescent Youth.

Other penons authorized by the National Society towear t}re emblem.

: 9EJE9IS

5,2.1 : Builtlings and premises used by the NationalSociety'

5-2.2 : Buitdings and premises belonging to the NationalSociety, not occupied bY ii.

5.2.3 : Hospitals, aid slations and means dltansporlaiion ofthe Nalional SocietY.

5.2.4 : Aid stations and ambulances run or used by thirdDarties.

: DISSEMN''NON AND FUND-RAISIIG5.3

5.4

5.3.1

'

5.3.2

Campaigns and events organizod by the NationalSociety.

Requests by third parties to use lhe emblem-

SE-EG!E!9.8U!EC

Co-operatio n with other organizations-

i\,ledals and othet token of acknowledgemenl.

Relief consignments.

coNsTRUcTlol{ oF slcNs

5.4.1

5.4.2

5.4.s

CHAT'TER 6

CHAPTER 1 - INTROOUCTION

1.1 Puroos€ ofihe Requlations

These Regulations (hereinafter .the Regulations ) stiputate the various ways .neemblem of the red c{oss or the red cres;ent on white ground may be used Ly theNational Societies. in keeping with the provisions of intim"fionai irumanitanan fawano rne Fundamentat principles of the Intemational Red Cros-s and Red CrescentMovement (h€reindter "the Movement")

The Regulation has been adopted action taken pursuanl to Resolution Xll ot theI wenry-rounn tdemational Conference and to Resolution VN of the Council ofDelegates of 1989-

1 .2 Leqal basis

The Regulations are based on the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, maintyon the First Convention (Convention lor lhe ameliomtion of fnJ conaiioi of tnewounded and sick in amed forces in the field) and, for certain proviiions, onProtocol I of I June i977 additional to the Geneva Conventions, LLfiu" to tnuprotecl,on of viclims qf intemational armed conflicts.

Article 44 of the First Geneva Convenlion of .l 2 August 1 949 makes the distinciaonbetween ihe proteclive use and the indicative r,rse -of

tne emttem anJ outiin"" rn.general rules govemil|g the two uses.

:fl:1)l-l:f.i9" the proiedive use of rhe embtem by givin.q io tie competentDrare amnoflty (he.einafter "lhe Authorit),") the possibility of gr;nting such use tocategories of persons and objecls nol covered by the lSiaS dnuendons. lt furtn",Inuoouces the possibility ol using distinc{ive visuat, acoustjc or electronic siqnats_

1.3 Field qf application

Tlte fgSul3lions-apply to a[ Nationat Red Cross or Red Cres{€ni Societies. Artictezt4 of the Firsi Conver{ion, sets out the obligations of the f.fationaf Socr*es wrtnregad to the embl€m. The limits they impose on the lawful use of the emblem mustuererore be respecled, but this does not prevent the National Societies from layingdown stricler rules.

y!:l Pdo-l I is -appticabte, cerrain provision ot the Regulations take on aDroader meaning which concems the Nalional Society of.the Stale in whichProtocol I is in force; it does not concem the National So&ty oi a Staie not-e"r,y ,oProtocol l, except with the consent of the Authoritv.

1.4 Conlents ofthe Reoulations -

The Regulations contain one ahapter ddaling with the prqtec{ive use of lhe emblemand another on its indk=live use. The two chapters are preceded by general rules,which should provide guidelines for cases not specifiDally mentioned in eitherchaDter.

The arlicles ot lhe Regulations are usually acoompanied by a commentary, inItalics, which refers where necessary to the relevaDt arlicles of lhe GenevaConventions and Prctocol l.

CHAPTER 2 : GETEEALEUIES

2.1 t'urpose oflhe enblelo

The protective use ot the emblem is meantto mark medicaland religious personneland equipment, which must be respec{ed and protested, in armed conllic{s.

The indica{ve use of lhe emblem serves to shoff that persons or objects are linkedlo the Movement-

There is only one emblen, but it can be use for lwo difrercnt pur'trrcse. lre frsl oseof the emblem is lhe visib/e sign of the prcEction confened by intemationalhumanitaian law on ceftain pe6ons and objecls, essentially those belonging to ormade available to the Amy Medical Sevbe; the second use of the emblemindicates only that pe|sons or objeds displaing it aE linked to the Movement

' 2.2 Cq0pgtllnce oflhe Nalional Societv

The Nalional Society may use the embleD as a proteciive device only with theconsent of and in accordance with the conditions laid down by the Authodty.

The National Society may make use of the emblem as an indicative device inpeacetime and during armed conflicls wthin the limits stipulated in nationallegislation, the Regulations, and its statules.

Re oaraoraoh 1: Therefore, the Nation Sociely doBs not have theight to use the emblem as a protecfive device mercly because it is the Na'onalSociety. lt b up to the States to take the necessa/y sleps fo'allow and to supervisethe protective use of lhe emblem. ln order to avoid he Nationa! Society beingcaught unpreparcd in the event ot an atmed cpnf,ict, the Authotity should determinealteady in peacetime the National Society's role as auxiliary to the Amy MedbalSeryice and iE ight to use the emblem for iE medical personnel and equipmenL

2.3 Prestiqe and resoecl of lhe emblem

The National Society may use the emblem only for activities consistenl wflh lheprinciples set out by lnternational Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.li shallensure the€SDeci due lo the emblem.

The pinciples mentioned, the Fundamental Pinciptes in particular, arc those whichgive to the Movement its aims and iE nison d'6t e and arc the basrs otiis speMcaclion: valuntary assistance to those who suffea bthe dired and indireci viclims ofconflic|s ztnd of natural and sodal d3aslers.

Nafonal Societies shall Ehain fpm displaw the emblem when carrying outactivities, which onty have a most tenuous c6nnectiotr with their essentiat missrbn

2.4 Dislinclion between the hvo usesAny confusion tlelween ihe protective use and the indicative use of lhe emblemmust be avoid€d- ln armed conllicts, the National Sociely which continues itspeacetime ac:tjvities shalltake allthe measure necessary to ensure that the emblemused indicatively, disphyed on persons or obiects, is seen only as marking their@nnection with lhe Nalional Society and not as confening the .ight to protedionunder intemational human'tadan law' In particular, lhe emblem shall be relativelysmall and shall not be placed on armlets or roofs- The National Sociely shallendeavour to iollow the lafter rule in p€acetime so as to avoid from the verybeginning of a conflici any confusion wilh the emblem used as a proteciive device.

/l is ,ol so much the design of the emblem lhat can lead to confusion as thecircumstances in which it is displayed. Hence, it is pafticulaiy in sifuatons in whichthe emblem may also be used as a protective device, i.e. in amed conflicfs, that itis necessaty lo .woid any contusion. ln otder to obviate this isk, it is rccommendedthat the National Sooelies use as indicative devbe, already in peacetime, anemblem of elatively small dimensrbns. For the saf,le reason, it is tuftherrccommended hat also in peacEtime, they etrain ftom placiw the emblem onarmlets or roofs. HoweveL the use ol a laee-size emblent is not exduded in cettaincaseg such as everls wherc it is impoftant for frtst-aid wo*ers lo be easr:/yidentifrable.

2.5 Desion of the emblem

The emblem used as a protective devica shall always retain its original fofm, i.e.nothing shall b€ added either to the cross, lhe cres@nt or the white ground. Ac.oss, formed with lwo cross-pieces, one \i'ertical and the otier horizontal cossingin the middle, shall be used. The shape and direction of the crescent are notregulated. Neither the cross norlhe crescent shall touch the edges of the flag or theshield, The shade ofthe red is not specified. The ground shallalways be white.

The emblem used indicatively shall be accompanied by the name or initials of theNational Society. There shall be no drawing or writing on the cross or the crescentwhich shall always be the dominant element of the emblem- The ground shallalways be white.

LJse of the emblem for decorative purpose is permitted, ! ithin the limits of Article 3,on the occasion of public events or on material iriended to promote the NationalSociety and the Movement, such as films, publications, medals or other tokens ofacknowledgement For such use a freer design is permitted, provided that nationallegislation does nol prohibit it. Moreover, tl'xe emblem used as an indicalive deviceshould as far as possible be displayed together with the de(prative design.

Re oaraqraph 'f: The design ofthe emblem must be dear so that pe':,ans andobjecls with the fight lo use it can be easily identtfred and tlus etrectively prcvtected.Prcteclian, hov/eve. does not depend on the emblem: a prcbcted pe,/s,on notnafted or bady matued obvbugy does not lose his tight to pmtection because offhls.

Re paraoraDh 2 and 3; A distinction must be made between the indicaliveuse stol,l4hg fhaf a person or an object is linked to the Society, in which case sfrbtdesign is essential, and indticative use for ttFlP- putpos€ of promoting the NationalSociety and the Movement, in which case a freer design is pemitted it it is notprejudicial to the presthe ot the emblem. Wrlh rcgatd to the latter case, it is up tathe Natonal Society to decida, depending on lhe nalional legislation and thenational cantext, vMber it is possble or advisablo to authoize such use. The heerdesign may consisl, for example, of a red cross set with gold, a crescent withgnded shades of rcd, a co.ss cut out or an emblem with a motjf. Tha Society shallnot diqtlay such a design on the buildings it uses or an iE lefterhpad, as fhese a/eWical cases of indicative use.

2.6 Visibilitv of the emblem used as a protedive device

The enrblem used as a protedive device must be identifiable frorn as far away aspossible. lt shall be as large as necessary under the circumslances. At night orwhen lisibility is reduced, it may be lighted or illuminated. lt shall as far as possiblebe made of materials rendeting it rccognizable by technical meantr of detec'tion anddisplayed on flags or fld surfaces visible Irom as many direclions as possible,including trom the air

CHAPTER 3 ACT$

3 . 1 . Relevant Ac{s Malaysia as one of the High Contracting Parties to theGeneva Conventions 1949, passed the following Acis in resped ofestablishing of the Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS), as a voluntaryrelief society auxiliary to the publio aulhorities in the humanitarian activitiesand seMces:

3.1.1- lhe Geneva Conventions Acl, 't962 (Act 512);

3.'1.2- the Malaysian Red Crescent Society (lncorporation) Act, 1965(Aci 540);

3.1.3. the Malaysian Red ireso:nt Sociay (Change ot Name)Ad, 1975(Act 162); and

3.1.4. the Trade Marks Regulation, 1997, made pursuant tothe Trade MarkAct. 1976.

The above Ac{s inter alia contain provisions, which afford protedion on lhe use oflhe red cross and red crescent emblems.

3.2. Concerninq the Drotective use ofthe emblem.

3.2.1 The national legisJation on the ppte€live use of the emblem is theGeneva Convenlions Act, 1962 (Act 512) - see sedion B and theMalaysian Red Cross Sociely (Change of Name) Ac1, 1975 (Aqt '162)- see sedion 4 (1).

3.2.2 The competent authority thal can authorize lhe use of the emblem isindicated in Section 8 of the Geneva Conventions Act, 1962 (Act312\.

3.3. Concemino lhe indicative use ofthe emblem.

3.3.1 The national legislation on the indicalive use of lhe emblem is theGeneva Conventjons Act, 1962 (Act 512). See section I and 9 andthe Malaysian Red Cross Sociely (Change of Name) Act, 1975 -Siee seclion 5.

3-3.2 The competent authority lhat can authorize lhe use of the emblem asindicaive use in indicated in Section 5(1) of the Malaysian RedCross Society (Change of Name) Ad, 1975 (Act t62). Under this$edrbn, the Minister has the authority. According to Section 2Malaysian Red Crescent Society (lncotporation) Ad 1965 (Act 540),the 'Ministe/ means The Minister charged with the responsibility ofwelfare-

CHAPTER 4

4.1 .

PROTECTIVE USE OF THE EMBLEM

GENERAL PRINCIPLE

Consent of the Authoritv and conditions qovemino the use ofthe Emblem

Before usino the emblem as a prcteclive device the National Society must receivepermission from the /\uthority and with it lay down the rules goveming itrs use. TheNatonal Society shall lake the necessary measures to see that its memDersrespect lhoFe rules and to avoid any confusion wiih the indicative use oi theemblem.

The Nalional Society sha endeavour already in peacetime to lay down with theAuthoity rules gaveming the proteciive use of the emblem, in the event of amecjconfrict, by its medical peBonnel and on iE hedical equipment. Regading the tiskof contusion, see Adicle 4 above.

4.2. : PERSONS

4.1 .1 :

4.2.1 " Medical Dersonnel of the l,lational Societv

The imedical personnel of lhe Natjonal Society authorized to wear lhe embtem, as aprototiive device shall display it during the discharge ot their duties in a mannerensuring oplimum visibility.

In evidence of their slatus, such personnel shall carry identity cards issued by theAuthority.

Re oaraoraoh 1: Medical pe6onnel status is gnnted to lre Nalional Societypersonnel wfEn it is placed at the disposal of the Arrny Medical Sevice (Adicfe 26,First Convention) and when, in the discharye of ,(s faskq it is "rcgulady and soletyengaged in lhe opeqtion and administlation ot civitian hospitats" (Mjcte 20, FoutthConventionl.

Protocol I gires the Authotw the possibility ol grinting the ight to use the embtemas a protectve devic€ to all civil medical personnel, which can thus indude NalonalSociety medical pe$onnel not covered by the 1949 CoNentions. A definition ofmedical personnd is set out in Adicte 8, subparagnph (c) of Ptotocol l.

Special emphasis nwst be put on the visibw of the qnblem, patlicutaiy when theemblem is wom in occupied taritotes and aress where frghlhg has broken out orseems about to bEak out See also Atticle 6 above.

Re r,araoraph 2::::::::::::::::� See Anicbs 40 and 41 and Annex ll, FiAi. Convention, andAdicle 18, pal€'g.Eph 3, Potocol I and Adicles 1 and 2 ol Annex t to Protocot t. TheNational Socbly shall, if necessaty, remind the Authow ol ils duty to issue suchidenfty catds to the Socieys medical pel6;onnel.

OBJECTS

Medical units and transports of thgNstional Societv

The nredical un'rts and transports of the National Socieq aulhorized by the Authorityto display the emblem, as a proiiective device shall do so in a manner ensuringoptimum visibility-

ln the Conventions, the medical units and trunspotts include medical units andesfablishmerfs, med,bal buildings, medici equipment and tansporls (see ChaptersI, V and Vl of he First Convenlion). Atth regard to the National Society, these

include hospitals, ambulances, hosp/tars shFs, airuaft and storcs of medicalmatefial when placed at the drsposa, of the Atmy Medical Serwbe, as well ascivilian hospitdls bdonging to it, when tlBse have been Ecognized as such andauthoized by lhe Authotity to display ttF' emblem {see Aftide 18 of the FoutthConvention).

Ptoto@l I give:t the Authonty the possibility ol g,�,nting the ight to use the emblemas a Noteclive device to all civilian medical uni|s and means of medical transpott,which can therc-fore include Nalional Society medical unils and means of medcaltnnspott not cavered by the 1949 Geneva Conventions. A defrnition of medicalunits, medical tanspott and means of medical transpo.t is set out in Afticle 8,subpangmphs (e), (0 and (g) of Protocol l.

Detaild cgmmenE on the visibw of the emblem are contained in articb 42 of theFitst Convention and Chapter ll of Annex I to Protocol l. See atso Artrde 6 above.

4.3.'t '.

4.3.2 : Specific rules for markiqg

Hospital ships and coaslal rescue craft ofthe National Socie{y shall be marked withthe emblem as prgvided for in Article 43 of the Second Geneva Convertion of 1949.

Medical aircraft ot the National Society shall be marked in conformity with article 36of the First Convention.

Re Daraqraph J: Hospital ships and coastal rcscu,e craft (or rescue craft, asthey are rcfered to nowadays sinc€, being often of larye tonnage and long range,they may opente far from the coast) must catry a document lrom the Authotwdeclaing [Bt hey werc under its control when they were being fited out or whenthey set sail. Their names and characteistics must be communicated to all thepalies to the conflict. These hospital snps and rcs Je crafr are exempt ltomcapfure. Morc detailed rules for mafuing are set out in Aiicles 43 of the SecondConvention. See also Atticles 22 to 35 of the Second Convention and Afticles 3 to11 of )qnnex I to Protocal l.

Moreover, in accordance with Adicle 23 of Protocol l, other ships and aaft of theNafbna, Sociely used Emporcily or petmanen{y for medical putposes shall bematued in confomily with the provisbns of AttiEIe 43, Damgnph 2 of the SecondConven$on. These ships and cnft are not exempt hom capfure.

l l

Re paraqraph 2: The rclevant proyisioni are Aftictes 96 of the FirstConvention, 39 of the S€€ond conventbn, 22 of Foutth Convenlion, Atlictes 24 to31 ol Protocpl l, and 5 to 13 of Annex I to Ptotocol l.

4.3.3 :

VWh the consent of the Authority, in addition to the emblem, the Nationat Societymay make its medical units and transports identifiable by the rec(Enized optionaldistinction signals, namely, the blue light signal, the radio silgnal and eleclronicmeans of idenlificalion.

The regulations on distincTive ggnals can be found in:

- Annex I of Prolocol l, Aticles 5 to A:

- Secto, ll o, Anicb 40 of the Racfn Regutations issued by thelntemation, Telectmmunication Union (ITU)

- Chapter XIV of lhe lntemational Code of Signats issued by thehtemalional Maitme Organization (IMO)

4 . 3 . 4 :

Optional distinc{ive sionals

Ma*ino already in time of peace

: SPECIFIC RULES

Vvrth the consent of the Authority, the National Socjety may, already in time ofpeace, use the emblem and optional distinctive signals to identify unfis andtransports whose assignment to medical pUrpose in the event of an armed confiCis definitiYely decided

4.4

4 . 4 . ' t : Simultaneous use of the emblem as a orotet:tive and as anIndicative device

Uoless olherwise directed by the Authority, the National Society may authorize itsmembeF to display the emblem as an indicative deyic€, together with itrs name,simultaneously with the emblem used as a protective device.

Under lhe same condilions, the objeds placed at ihe disposal of the Authority mayalso bear the emblem with the name of the Society.

ln such cases, the emblem used as an indicative device and the name of theNational Society must be of smalldimensions.

t 2

4.4.2 | National Societv of a neutral or other State not Partv to theConflicl

The National Society of a neutral or other Slate not Party io the conflict thal inlendsto provide medical personnel or objecis to any Pady to an armed conflicl mustobtain prior consent from the said Pa y and from its own State ardhorilies. Thdrules governing the protestive use of the emblem must be established by the saidParty to ihe conflict- The said persons and objects may display the emblem fromthe moment of lheir departure on mission.

See on this point Article 27, First Convention.

CHAPTER 5 INDICATIVE USE OF THE EMBLEM

PERSONS

The members and the employees ot the National Society m€y wear the emblem,usually of small dimension, when on duty_

When on duty, membeas may only wear an emHem of very small dimensions, forexample, in the foam of a brooch or a badge.

As far as possible, the emblem shall be accompanied by the name or initials of theNalional Society.

ne parqsraoD" 1: Although in its indicative use the emblem is usualy ol sme dimensions, it may at times be of large dimensions, especially when meaint to a oweasy ident'frcation of frrst-aid wo.kers (see Afticte 4 anot 4 above and itscommentary).

Re Daraoraph 2: ln this case the e,nblem must be of ven/ small dimensionsbecause ifs use b ,ot retated to any specifrc acivity canied out on behai of theSocietu

R" puraqo€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€�ofr f, As a genenl rute vduntee| should be idenlifrabte asmemheE ot tlE?€ Nafional Society. However, in some cases they should be altowedto forgo use of the name or inihek of the Society alongsirb the emblem, forexample duing intemal dislutbancea when such matuings may hinder heir woft.

5.'1.1 : Itlembers and emplovees of the National Socielv

5 .1 .2 : @hParagraph 5 J.1 a-bove,is applicable. The emblem shafi be accompanied by thewords "Red Cross Youth" or.Red Crescent youth' or the initials',RCY'.

Other persons authorized bv the Nalional Socielv to wear theemblem

The Nalional Society may authorize, under the conditjons laid down in its owninternal regulalions, persons who are not members ofthe National Socielv but navetaken ils courses or passed its 6xams to u/ear an embtem of very small dimensonsand_accompanied by the name or the initials ofthe National Sociely, for exampE, rnthe form of a brooch or a badge.

Itese pe_rsoas aele usualty first-aid wotuers or nurses thus brdJght to the aftentionof lhe public.

t4

5 . 2 : OBJECTS

5.2.1 :

5.2.2 :

5.2.3 '.

Buildinq and oremises used bv the National SocietvThe emblem, accDmpanied by the name of lhe National Sociely, may be displayedon the buildings and premises used by the Society, whetheror not they belong to it.When only part of the building is used by the National Society, the emblem may bedisplayed only on the part, which it occupies.

The emblem shall be of relatively small dimensions and Ehall not be displayed onthe roof, in order to avoid, in lhe event of armed conflicl, any confusion with theemblem used as a proteclive device.

Re paraqraDh 2: When the National lsociety shares a buitding with othelpersons or soc,bf'es, it shall ensule that the aclivities of its neighbours are notindirccdt' detimental to the prestige of the etnblem.

BClaEgraph 3: Regarding the dsk of conission, see paragtaph 2.4 above,

Buildinos and premises belonqinq lo the National Socie.tY. notoccupied bv il

The National Society shall not matk with the emblem buildings or premisesbelonging to it, not occupied by it btd which it rents or lendsto third parties.

Hospitals. aid stations and means ot transporlation of theNational SocietY

Ihe emblem, ac(ompanied by the name ot the National Society, may figure onhospitats and aid slation run by the Society and on lhe means of lransportalion,especially ambulances, used by its members and employees. Subject to paragEph4..3.4, the embtem so used shatl be of relatively smalldimensions in order to avoid,in the e,vent of armed contlicl, confusion with the emblenr used as a proteciive

'. device.

,Vith regard to hospitals, it should be noted that the indicative use of the emblem isteserved exdusively frr f,ospitals of the Natonal Society, not foryetting, however,that tholse hospitals whidt the Authority intends to authoize to display the emblemas a pmtedive device in lime of atmed conflict may - with the consent of theAuthotv - be mafued acctrdingly already in peacetime (pangraphs 4.3.1 and 3 4aDove).

ln order to prcvent any misuse, the Natiotlal Saciety shal remove or cover fl1eemblem and its name if it /F-nds a means of tanspoftation to other otganizations

Regatding the isk ol confusion, see paragiaph 2.4 above.

'l ) The United Nations Convention on road signs and signals adopted in Vienna on

t| November 1986, and the European agreement supplementing it, adopted inGeneva on 1 May 191, include two road signs displaying the embtem:

a) the sign "firsl-aid s{ations" (F, 1a), made up of the red cross or sescem on awhite ground, the whote framed by blue. As this is an indicalive use of theemblem, ihe.national Society shall request the authorities to use ttris sign tomark only aid stations run or aulhorized b it;

b) the 'hospital' sign (E, 12B) made up of a red cross or crescent on a btueground with a white bed. Since this is a misuse ofthe emblem, the NationalSociety shall request the authorfties to use the other "hqspital, sijn 1i, tZalonly. This sign is also provided for in th,?se agreement$ ind is iade up oflhe letter H in white on a blue gfound.

Ih9 Nlion_al Sg3ety.lnay.qermit third parties to use the embtem, in peacEtime andll^*^llTq:vrth.nutionat tegistatjon, to maIk aid stations use<t exciusivety to gryeTree lreatment and antbulances.

a:,lgl-"11 Sociely shal gnty give rhis permission in exchange for the nghtregurany to controt the use of the emblem. lt shall reserve the right to withdraw thisauthorization at alltimes and with immediate effecl.

Atticle.44, paragraph 4 of the Firct Convention allows the matkino. besidesambulancet ol aid stalions "exclusivety assignea nr ne purpose il-dMnS *teatrnen(. Expeience has shown that this rute of tree treatrieni is oftenintiireteawtl.a qeSrce of flexibility. This p.E,ctice is acceptaOte, ana in cmtiiii-iin nespnl ot the-Convention, only in so far as trcatment is in no case antrfionat onpawent ot a fee and the idea of voluntary $eNice linked to the Movement isupheld.

5.2.4 :

llt-e llaional STiehl msy-use the embtem to suppod the campaigns and events itorganEes to make ils aciivities known, to disseminate knowl:rlgL of intemationalhumanitarian law and of the Movement;s Funtlamental principlei] o, to rab. n nA",within the limils of Articles 2 to S of the Regulatbns_

When.displayed on. printed mattef, objecls or other advenising material of suchcampaagns, lhe emblem shall be accompanied, as far as prac-lica]ly possibte, by the!31" TjF Society or a text or pubticity drawrhg. Th; objeds';hafi in no waysugg,:st the proteciion of intematjonal humanitarian taw or membership of the

l 6

l ovement, nor give rise to misuse at some later date. The objecl shall be ofreduced dimension or else made of rapidly perishable maierial

,i\ Naiional Socigly which co-opefales tJr'ith a cpmmen:ial company or otherorganizzrtion in order to raise funds or futther its dissemination aciivities may displayth; companys tademark, logo or name on arlicles used by the Society, on itsadvertising material or ilems which it sells, provided that the follc,lrring conditions aremel:

a) no confu:rion must be crealed in the mind of the public be@en thecompany'll aclivities or the quality of its produqt$ and lhe emblem or theNational Society itself ;

b) the National Society must retain c,ontrol over the enlire campaign' inDartisular the choice of articles on which lhe company's trademark' logo orname is displayed and the siting, form and size of such markings;

c) the campaign must be linked to one particular activity and, as a general rule,be limited in time and geographical area;

d) the company con@med musl in no way be engaged in ac{ivities runningcounter to the Movemenfs objectives and principles of which might beregarded by the public as mntroversial;

e) the National Society must reserve the right to cancel ils con{rac1 with thecompany mncemed ai any time and to do so at very short notice;

f) the material or financial advanlage which the National Society gains fromthe campaign must be substantial withoul, hovrever, jeopardizing theSocieqy's independence;

g) the contract between the National Society and its partner must be in wfting;

h) the contraci must be approved by lhe Naiional Sociely's central leadership.

the National Society may authorize commercial companies or othet organizationsta menlion in their adverlising mE €iiel $a th6y hava mad6 6 d6fiEton t6 ototheftilre contributed to the National Soci,eqy's work. Such mention may also beauthorized on producG for sale the proceeds from which are lo be donated in full orin paft to the National Society. Such authorizalion shall, however, be subiecl tostrict compliance \.vith the cpnditions set out in the prdrvious paragraph, sutsparagrapha a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h. During a pmmotional campaign,lhe NalionalSociety shalt reseNe the dght to inspect the clmpany's accounls pertaining to thatcampdign. MoreDver, the National Society shall carefully monitot the manner Inwhich the assishnce is described in the advertising material or on the produclsmentioned above. The same applies to any photographs or other visual materialused within the contac{ of the campaign. lt shall authorize the display of its emblemonty on the mntracling companys advertising material and then with the utmostresirainl and on condition that the emblem be of smalldirnension and accompanied

t ' l

by a clear i:xplanalion ot lhe assistance €ceived by the Sc,ciety' The NationalSociety shall ensure that the condiiions goveming the us€ of the emblem are anessential part of its conlract with the company and that deliberate violalion of theseconditions entitles the Society to teminate the conttacl with immediate effect'withor.t being liable {or any compensatlon.

tsg-@@@@@@@@�Slapb-l: The relercnce to paragraph2.3 above leads to tIlP- conclusionthat the name and embtem may use lor tun+mising put@ses to sell an obiect orgive a momeotary seNice, but not, for ingance, to se a lasting or a long temaevierf., especialty if the seNice has no canneclion with the Movenenrc traditionaladivities or competes wial other gmllar seNices prcvided on a commercial basis.The aim is to ptevert sales of obJ'ecfs or se/vices of the National Society and theevents it oryanizes ftom becoming more reprcsenhlive of its work than itshumanitadan and soci al acTivities.

Re paraqragh 2: Such advedking mateiel, disttibub�d or sold to the public'can consist of printed matter and obkcls of all kinds: Ieafleb, publicaftons, poslers,phitatelic souvenic, flmq pencils, etc. Wtth rcgad to dothing, flags or banners -'given

the tisk of canfusion which such obiects could create, in the event of amedconflict, with the embtem used as a ptoteclive device - it is essenlial to ensure lhatemblem is accompanied by the name of the Nedional Society, or a text or a publicvdnwing.

Re paraoraDh 3: lJse ol the ted c/oss ot /ed crescent emblem or name by'individuek, sociefes, fitms or campanies either public or pivate" is prohibited byintenatonal humaniaian law (Fitst Geneva Convention, Adide 53). lt is.Evedireless acceptuble for a Nalional Sos.ety fo nention that it has rcceivedcertain assistance from a commercial campany or other otganEalion- lnsisting thatthe donors of such assidance rcmain anonwous could mean that the NationalSocie9 woutd lose major sourEes of funds� ft is ,evedheless impottant that theNationat Soctety dosely monitor the manner in which lte ass,bfance is pu icizedso as to avoid any aibuse or isk of confusion in the mhd of the public' Theconditions set out in pangraph 3 provide ptecbe gutderiaes in lhat respect

Su paraaraph al and b)

,t is oecessaay ,irsf and foremost to avoid atry confusion in the mind of the publicbetween comme.cial @mpanies and the qnblem or the Nalional Socrbly ilsefiiThus, when a Nalional Society announces that ft E Eceiving suppott hom acommercial company in a given ca,npaign (for example in pmducing printed maneror other items), the'Socieb must ensue that the role dayed by the company isexpressty defrned and that the emblem can in no way be interyEted asgiaranteeing prcduct quatv. tt must also ens.tre that the company's tademaft'logo or name temains in rcasonable propottions compared with the rcs7 of thedisplay.

18

Sub-panoraph ct

The National Society may not involve a commercial company rh ,ls actrv,ilies as awhole but only in specific prcgrammes. The duntion of its associalion with thecompatny must be detemined in advance and should not exceed three years.Moteover, it must be limited to the counw's tefiitoty unless there is an aggementwith ttte National Society (or Societies) of any other State on whose tetitory thecampaign would also be held.

SaLLarasapbA

Some cgmpanies are engaged in aclivitie's which arc lhetmselves directly contraryto the Movemenfs objectives (for example the manufact re or sale ot atms, alcoholor products cleildy seen as being hamful to the environment). The linung of therarnes orlogos sucfi campanies with those of a national Sociely must therefore beavoided.

Slb:BLGgEpll d

Assoc'aa'or with a @mmercial compan)f whose aclirity E not contrary to theMovement's objedives could prgve embarrassing for easons not known to theNational Sociefy when it enters into the agrcement (sedous pollution by thecompany concemed, ,or examde). lt is tt relote essenlial that the Natonal Societybe able to end ifs associalion with the company very rapidly.

Sub-p,?no@ph A

Sponso6hip is an important seious matter, whictl should be envisaged only whenmajor contacls are invotued and when substanlial advanlage will be gained by theNational Socie6/ concemed. However, the Society must ensue that the advantagesgaineal do not nake it dependent on the company cqtcemed. Financial gain, forexample, ahould not exceed a ceftain percentage of the Society's fota, resources(20ot naximum)

Sub-paaqnph g)

/t ,S also essentiat that dt tems and condilions of lhe agreement beh,veen tllf-National Society and the cantlacling company or organization be the subject of awiften contnct

Sub-palaoraph h)

Belore an agreement is reached belxeen the National Slciety and the contnclingcompany or oqahEaton ,1 mosf 6e discussed by the body normafiy responsible formaking deaisbns pertaining to the National Socieys adminisbation

1 9

Re pananph 4: To avoid the lose of major sources of funds, the NationatSociety may authodze a commercial campany or other organization that hasconhibuted to ik wotk to menlion this aEsislanca in iE advetlising maErial or onpaducts lor sale the proceeds ftom which are to dona6d in fu or in patt to theNationat S@iety. However, as t/|is enlals a considercble isk of abuse, theconditions set out in paragnph 3, sub-paragraphs a, b, b, c, f, g, and h must besticiy obseryed.

Moreover, lhe National Society must enslJrc that such menlion remains discreetand not give rlse fo cotfusron and as far as possibre avoid he display of theemblem alongside. The amblem may neveiheless be reprcduced in thecompanies' adveiising mateial. On lhe other hand, it is prohibited to display theemblem on pt?d/ucts or items for sale, $nc€ they ate often designed ta last and theNational Society has no cantol over their use.

Wherever such rcVoduclion in advedhing mateial is authoize.l, the emblem mustbe of small dimensbn and should be accompanied by an explanafion enabling thepublic to cleady understand the rclalionship betfi,een the National Society and thecontacting company or oeanization.

Futhetmoe, the NatiDnat Society shall /P-seNe the ight to insped the cpmpany'saccounts peftaining to the activities connecEd with the promoli.tnal campaign- TheSocktty may exercisa this tigt t itsdf or through a specialized inslltution, for examplean audiling frtm.

Finaw, in addilion to the ngw of cancdlation stipulated in paragraph 5.i.1,pangaph 3, sub paragraph e), the National Soctbfy stgr, rcseve the ight totetminate the @nhact with immdate eff6t, wihout being liable for anycompensation, should the @nd�lions gweming the use of the emblem bedelibentely violated by the contlacing campany or otgaoizatiott.

5.3.2 | Request by third parties lo use the emblem

Vfith the exception of the cases menlioned in paragraph 5.1.3, 5.2.4 and5.3.labove, and those provided for in the pres€nt Article with a view to promotingthe aclivities of the Society and lhe Movement, the Naiional Society may notauthorize any third parties lo use the emttem.

The National Sociely can ac@de lo-a Gquest for the emblem to be put on objeclsto be sold on the market if such objec'ts represent persons or objecis which maydisplay the emblem in reality in accodance with the Geneva Conventions, as aprotective or indi{:alive device, and fi the emblem is not placed alongside thetEdemark of the company in quesiion. The authodzalion shall be limited to aspecific time or number of objects. lt may be subjec{ to paymer{ but its main aimshall remain dissemination of intemational humanitadan law of lhe activities of theNational Sociely and the Movemenl.

20

The flational Society may author?e use of the emblem by institutions whosepurpo$e is not mmmercial but solely to make known or to promote the aclivities otthe So€iety and of the Movement.

The National Society shatl require that third paiies provide all facilities necessary toexercise control on the use of the emblem at any time, with the possibility ofwithdfirwing its authorization with immediate effecl.

Re paraqraoh 1; It is thercIgrc clear that, except in the above-mentionedcaseg fhe Nafonat Soc,bty may not aulhoize thid pafties to use the emblem.Such us6 calls for very stict conhol on lre patt of the Alational Society and mustthercftrre rcmain an exception.

Bg:patrffapb?: These can be, for instance, miniatue mllitary ambulances, orfrguines represenling members ot the Army Medical SeMice or ol the NationalSociety. The authoizalion will be valid only in the counw of the National Societygiving it, except there is 2n agtelffient with the Nation. Sociely (ies) of one orsevera other countlies. Mgrcover, the National Society uvill have to take care thatby gnnling such authoizalion il does not favour one company to the detuiment ofanother.

Re paEqraph 3: The Nationat Society may grcnt the authoization torhsffutons such as associatbns or foundations whose purpose is to promote theactivities ot the Society and of the Movement but which - for reasons oloppotluneness or some legal reason (lbr example, fiscal) - aE legal entitiesindependent of the National Society. lt should be notecl that these institutions areen[t]ed to the emblem only insofar as if is used lo m.tke known or promote theacbn:tbs ot the Socrely and the MovemenL and nQt by their members as suct. ,t,sthercfore imDofiant that the use ol the emblem be sticiy controled by the NattonalSociety 6ee paragnph 4 above)

: SPECIFIC RULES

5.4.1 : Co.operation with olher orqanazations

5.4

In addition to the cases mentjoned in paragraph 5.3.1 and 5.3.2, the NatjonalSociety may in exceptional circumstances use the emblem jointly with that ofanother humanitarian organizalion, in lhe event of a specific undertaking andprovided lhat such use is discreet and does not give risit to confusion in the publicmind between the National Sociely and the other organiz&tion.

tn pinciple, the National Society must not use iE emblEm ioinqy with that of otherorganaations. lt must endeavour to frnd a way of avoiding such a procedure andshould have racau,w to ioint use only in exceplional citf,Jmstances, in cannedionwiith humanitaifi acMies or dissemination campaigns (for example, in a iointpublicirton). In such cases, only indicative use may be made of the emblem.

2l

5.4.2 : Medals and other bkens of acknowledqe

Relief consionments

The emblem may figure on medals and other tokens of ackno"dedgement gwen byte flationat Soiid, on condition that it is shown toge{her with its name and' ifoossible. a few words doscribing the purpose of the medal or dEfning the servEesi.no-"rJ.lt" Ou"ign tay be deiorative, in accodance with the condilions set out inparagraph 2.5, Paragraph 3 above

5.4.3 :

The National Society may use the emblem, accompanied by its name-or its inilials'

t" r"* i"ibr *"Sgnm;nts sent by rait, road, sea or air and.intend Jor viclims of

amed conllicts or n-atural disasiets. The National Society shall lake the necessary

to prevent any mEuses.

ll is impoftant to note that this tight appnes only to Etief @nsignmenb the-mselves'

to allow idenification d theit otigin, and not to the means of fianspof useo'

22

CHAPTER 6

CONSTRUCTION OF SIGNS

THE RED CRESCE:NT

lp

2.5 cm

tt

\

f

,e

MODEL NON OBLIGATORY

THE RED GRESCENT

MODEL NON OBLIG,ATORY

Contruction : 0l - 02 = 2 units

Rl = 6 units

R 2 = S u n i t s

Examples: A01 -02 =2.5cm

R { = 7 . 5 c m

R 2 = 6 . 2 5 c m

8 0 1 - 0 2 = 6 m m

r { = 6 m m

r 2 = { 5 m m

Alternative:

An improvisation using

l\rcs of two accentric

eircles

THE RED"CROSS

A

MODEL NON OBLIGATORY

THE RED GROSS

MODEL NON OBLIGATORY

construction . a = b + {/6b

Examlpes : A=49mmB = 4 2 m m

a = 1 4 m mb = 1 2 m m

Alternative

An lmprovisation with 5Square