Buku Latihan Kimia f5

8/10/2019 Buku Latihan Kimia f5

1/50

Worksheet 1

0

K : Kimia

I : Itu

M : Mudah

I : In Sya Allah /

Pasti

NAMA:..............................................

TINGKATAN:...................................


2/50

Fast (F) or Slow (S) reactions? Write Ffor the fast reaction andSfor the slow reaction.

1. Fading of des on a s!irt "nder

!ot s"n

#. Stri$ing a %atc!

&. A 'iece of 'a'er t"rning ellow . "sting of a water 'i'e

*. Fring an egg +. i'ening of to%atoes

,. T!e weat!ering of li%estone -acid rain

. /igesting food

. "rning of 'etrol in a car engine 10. 2oo$ing a c!ic$en "sing

%icrowa3e o3en

WORKSHEET 1

2atalst is a s"-stance w!ic! 444444 a c!e%ical reaction w!ile it re%ains 444444444... at t!e end of t!e reaction. 2atalstlowers t!e 4444444444 energ.

(-) S'ecial c!aracteristic of catalst

2atalst alters t!e 4444444 of a c!e%ical reaction.

T!e 4444444 of 'rod"cts for%ed re%ain "nc!anged wit! or wit!o"t t!e catalst.

5nl a 44444444 a%o"nt of catalst is needed %a$e a c!ange in t!e rate of reaction.

Increasing t!e a%o"nt of catalst "sed generall will 444444.t!e rate of reaction.

2atalst %a "ndergo 44444444.. c!anges.

1 Time/s

Volume of

hydrogen

released/cm3

6it!o"t catalst


3/50

2atalst re%ains 444444444 "nc!anged d"ring t!e reaction.

T!e 44444 and c!e%ical co%'osition of t!e catalst re%ain t!e sa%e -efore and after t!e reaction.

Most catalst are 444444444 ele%ents or co%'o"nds of transition ele%ents s"c! as iron7 nic$el and co''er(II) s"l'!ate7 2"S5,.

WORKSHEET 2

Experiment to investigate the effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide soltion!

8ro-le% state%ent:

9'ot!esis:

aria-les:

(i) %ani'"lated 3aria-le:

(ii) res'onding 3aria-le:(iii) fi;ed 3aria-le:

A''arat"s:

Materials:

8roced"re:

&


4/50

5-ser3ation:

Test t"e O"servation

A

#iscssion$

1. 6!at is t!e effect of %anganese(I) o;ide on t!e deco%'osition of !drogen 'ero;ide sol"tion?

&. 6!at is t!e f"nction of %anganese(I) o;ide in t!is e;'eri%ent?

*. 6rite a -alanced c!e%ical e


5/50

WORKSHEET &

State and -riefl disc"ss two ind"strial 'rocesses t!at %a$e "se catalst. =+ %ar$s >

(i) 9a-er 'rocess is a c!e%ical 'rocess to 'rod"ce 444444444444 fro%

nitrogen and !drogen gas. T!e e


6/50

@ T!e !ig!er t!e concentration of t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion7 t!e 44444444444 t!e ti%e ta$en.

T!e !ig!er t!e concentration of t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion7 t!e 44444444444 t!e ti%e ta$en.


7/50

@ 1 t is 444444444444

T!e !ig!er t!e concentration of t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion7 t!e 44444444444 t!e 1ti%e

WORKSHEET 1

Experiments to investigate the rate of reaction!'i( Effect of si)e of reactants

Ai% : To in3estigate t!e effect of siBe of reactant in an e;'eri%ent -etween %ar-les and!droc!loric acid on t!e rate of reaction.


8/50

T!e c"r3e of e;'eri%ent & is 44444444444. t!an e;'eri%ent 1.

T!e rate of reaction of e;'eri%ent & is 4444444 t!an e;'eri%ent 1

T!e s%aller t!e siBe of reactants7 t!e 4444444444. t!e total s"rface area7t!e 4444444444. t!e rate of reaction.

WORKSHEET 2

Meat c"t into s%all 'ieces7 !a3e 444444444.. siBe co%'are to t!e %eat c"t into-ig

'ieces. T!e 444444444 t!e siBe7 t!e -igger t!e 444444444444444.

of t!e %eat7 !ence t!e 44444444444444 t!e rate of reaction.

WORKSHEET 1

;'eri%ent 1 : 2a25*c!i's;'eri%ent & : 2a25*'owder

;'t &

;'t 1

5ne $ilogra%%e of %eat7 c"t into -ig 'ieces7 ta$es a longer ti%e to coo$ co%'ared to one $ilogra%%e of %eat c"t into s%all 'iece.


9/50

An e;'eri%ent was cond"cted to find o"t t!e effects of te%'erat"re on t!e rate of reaction. 0c%*of sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion 0.0

%ol d%C*at *0o2 was '"t into a &0c%*conical flas$. T!en t!e conical flas$ was 'laced on an DE sign on a 'iece of w!ite 'a'er.

10c%*of !droc!loric acid 1.0 %ol d%C*was added to t!e sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion and s!a$en. At t!e sa%e ti%e7 t!e sto' watc! was

started. T!e sto' watc! was sto''ed as soon as t!e DE sign was no longer 3isi-le.

T!e sa%e ste's of t!e e;'eri%ent were re'eated for sodi"% t!ios"l'!ate sol"tion w!ic! was !eated to *o27 ,0o27 ,o2 and 0o2.

Fig"re 1 s!ows t!e readings of t!e sto' watc! for eac! of t!e reaction at different te%'erat"res.

*igre 1

(a) ecord t!e ti%e for eac! reaction in t!e s'aces 'ro3ided in Fig"re 1.=* %ar$s>

+

Ti%e7 t1 s

at *0 H2

Ti%e7 t2 s

at * H2

Ti%e7 t3 s

at ,0 H2

Ti%e7 t4 s

at , H2

Ti%e7 t5 s

at 0 H2


10/50

(-) 2onstr"ct a ta-le and record te%'erat"re7 ti%e and 1ti%e for t!is e;'eri%ent.

=* %ar$s>

(c) (i) /raw a gra'! of te%'erat"re against 1ti%e on t!e gra'! 'a'er. =* %ar$s>

(ii) ased on t!e gra'! in c(i) 7 state t!e relations!i' -etween t!e rate of reaction and te%'erat"re.

4444444444444444444444444444444444444....................................................................................

........................................=* %ar$s>

(d) 8redict t!e ti%e ta$en as soon as t!e sign DE to -e not longer 3isi-le if t!is e;'eri%ent is re'eated at

o

2.44444444444444444444444444444444444

=* %ar$s>

(e)(i) State t!e 3aria-les in3ol3ed in t!is e;'eri%ent.

Mani'"lated 3aria-le: 44444444444444444444444444444444

es'onding 3aria-le: 444444444444444444444444444444442onstant 3aria-le: 44444444444444444444444444444444

=* %ar$s>

(ii) State !ow o" wo"ld %ani'"late one 3aria-le w!ile $ee'ing t!e ot!er

3aria-les constant.

44444444444444444444444444444444444

=* %ar$s>(f) State t!e !'ot!esis for t!is e;'eri%ent.

4444444444444444444444444444444444444

=* %ar$s>


11/50

(g) Fro% t!e a-o3e e;'eri%ent7 t!e st"dent fo"nd a relations!i' -etween te%'erat"re and rate of reaction. T!e sa%e sit"ation can -e a''lied in

o"r dail li3es7 for e;a%'le7 $ee'ing food t!at is easil s'oiled in t!e refrigerator. sing o"r $nowledge of c!e%istr7 state t!e relations!i'

-etween te%'erat"re and t!e rate at w!ic! food t"rns -ad.

4444444444444444444444444444444444444...................................................................................

=* %ar$s>

RE+,T-O.SH-/ 0ETWEE. *REE.%3 O* E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O. ,.# *,%TORS TH,T ,**E%T THE R,TE

O*RE,%T-O. 5Temperatre

.m"er of particles and volme of a container is the same 6 "t different in temperatre (one 'erson acting li$es in t!e

te%'erat"re of +002 and t!e ot!er st"dent acting li$es in t!e te%'erat"re of *002) .

9AT (+002) *02

@6!at !a''ens ??? 6!at is o"r e;'lanation ????

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

10

-.STR%T-O. %,R#

-.STR%T-O. %,R#


12/50

RE+,T-O.SH-/ 0ETWEE. *REE.%3 O* E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O. ,.# *,%TORS TH,T ,**E%T THE R,TE O*

RE,%T-O. 5%oncentration7/ressre'gas reactant(

.m"er of particles are different 6 "t have same volme!

T!in$ 446!ic! one !as !ig!er fre


13/50

T!en 7 c"t t!e c"-e to for% s%aller c"-es (1c% ; 1c% ; 1c%). 8"t it in a -ea$er containing %odel ato%s () .

Swirl t!ose -ea$ers and co%'are t!e n"%-er of collisions !a''ens -etween t!e 'lasticine and %odel ato%s .

6!at we can concl"de fro% t!is acti3it ???

, 0

6!at is o" e;'lanation ???

1&

+ s%aller c"-es for%s2 cm

2c

m

cm

2 cm

T5TAJ SFA2 AA 1 c% ; 1 c% ; # ; +

,+ c%&

INTCJATI5N T6N SIL 5F 8ATI2JS

AN/ T5TAJ SFA2 AA


14/50




CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC



CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC


RE,%T-O.

5/resence of catalyst

Ta$e one -o; wit! t!e !ole in t!e %iddle . 8"t t!e card-oard in t!e !ole 7act li$es t!e !"rdle -etween & area of t!e -o;(a-o"t 10c%

lengt!) 8 sitation ,.

8"t a-o"t + %odel ato% in one of t!e area of t!e -o;.

S!a$es t!e -o; and see !ow %an of t!e ato% %o3es to t!e ot!er side of t!e -o; and ot down .

T!en 7 re'lace t!e card-oard wit! anot!er card-oard w!ic! !as s!orter lengt!(a-o"t c% lengt!)Csitation 0

e'eat t!e sa%e 'roced"re as -efore.

1*

-.STR%T-O. %,R#

10 c%

c%


15/50

Sitation ,

6!at is o" e;'lanation ??? 6!at do o" t!in$ t!e -loc$ re'resent in t!is acti3it ??


CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC


RE,%T-O. 5/ressre

N"%-er of 'articles are t!e sa%e 7 -"t !a3e different 3ol"%e of t!e container of t!e reaction (different 'ress"re) .

T!in$ 44

6!ic! one !as !ig!er fre


16/50

6!at is o" e;'lanation ???


CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

1

%O++-S-O.THEOR3

According to Kinetic T!eor of Matter7

44444444444444444444444444

4444

For c!e%ical reaction to occ"r7 'articles of 444444. %"stcollide wit! eac! ot!er.

Not all collisions res"lt in c!e%ical reaction.

According to collision t!eor7 onl t!ose

collisions w!ic! !a3e t!e following:

(i) wit! 99999999orientationand

(ii) 'osses 444444444a%o"nt of

energ called 44444444444 Ea 7

will res"lt in c!e%ical reaction.

2ollisions of 'articles of reactants t!at res"lt in

c!e%ical reaction is $nown as

9999999999.

E**E%T-4E %O++-S-O.

ffecti3e collision is collision w!ic!

ac!ie3ed

444444444444444

44444444444444.

,%T-4,T-O. E.ER:3

Acti3ation energ is t!e 4444

a%o"nt of energ of collision t!at is re


17/50

A2TIATI5N NG can -e 3is"alised - NG 85FIJ /IAGAM

1#


18/50

E5T9MI2 A2TI5N N/5T9MI2 A2TI5N

1

1! S-;E O* RE,%T,.T 2! %O.%E.TR,T-O. O* RE,%T,.T


19/50

9and o"t 1

5-ser3ation

1+

E=/+,.,T-O. O. *,%TORS

,**E%T-.: R,TE O* RE,%T-O.

S-.: %O++-S-O. THEOR3

&! TE>/ER,TRE O* RE,%T-O.

?! /RESSRE


20/50

>etal

Ho@ vigoros is the reactionA

'tick a or =(

%olor of the metal oxide

'reside(

-nference

#oes the metal

"rn "rightly A

#oes the

metal

"rn

,re there

sparksAA

#oes the metal

glo@AWhen it is hot When it is

cold

1.Magnesi"%

&.Linc

*.Iron

,.Jead

.2o''er

Hand ot 2

#iscssion

1. Na%e t!e resid"e for%ed for eac! %etal.

1


21/50

Metal "se esid"e na%e

1.Magnesi"%

&.Linc

*.Iron

,.Jead

.2o''er

&. 6rite t!e c!e%ical e


22/50

a. 2ar-on O Binc o;ide P

-. 2ar-on O %agnesi"% o;ide P

c. 2ar-on O al"%ini"% o;ide P

d. 2ar-on O co''er (II) o;ide P

e. 9drogen O %agnesi"% o;ide P

f. 9drogen O Binc o;ide Pg. 9drogen O sil3er o;ide P

!. 9drogen O al"%ini"% o;ide P

i. Magnesi"% O Binc o;ide P

. 2o''er O %agnesi"% o;ide P

$. Linc O al"%ini"% o;ide P

l. Magnesi"% O al"%ini"% o;ide P

1. Ja-el t!e diagra% for t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine t!e 'osition of car-on in eacti3it Series.

&. ecord t!e o-ser3ation for t!e reaction -etween %etal o;ide and car-on.

eaction 5-ser3ation Inference

2o''er(II) o;ide7 2"5 and car-on

Magnesi"% o;ide 7Mg5 and car-on

Al"%ini"% o;ide7 Al&5*and car-on

&1


23/50

Linc o;ide7 Ln5 and car-on

*. 2o%'lete t!e ta-le -elow.

1. Ja-el t!e diagra% for t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine t!e 'osition of !drogen in eacti3it Series.

&&

eaction 2!e%ical e


24/50

&. 2o%'lete t!e inference -ased on t!e o-ser3ation gi3en.

eaction 5-ser3ation Inference

9drogen O 2o''er(II) o;ide T!e colo"r of co''er (II) o;ide c!ange fro%-lac$ to -rown.

9drogen OLinc o;ide T!e colo"r of Binc o;ide c!ange fro% w!iteto ellow w!en !ot and w!ite w!en cooled

again

9drogen OJead(II) o;ide T!e colo"r of lead (II) o;ide c!ange fro%

ellow to -rown w!en !ot and gre w!en

cooled again.

9drogen OIron(III) o;ide T!e colo"r of iron (III) o;ide c!ange fro%

-rown to gre

*. 2o%'lete t!e ta-le -elow.

Oxidation and redction

.o Term Explaination7activity

&*

eaction 2!e%ical e


25/50

1 2o%'are t!e differences in

t!e 3igo"r of t!e reactions

of so%e %etals wit!

o;gen.

>etal O"servation Arrange t!e %etal

fro% %ost reacti3e to

t!e less reacti3e

Most reacti3e

Jess reacti3e

Magnesi"% "rns wit! 3er


26/50

Jess reacti3e

< /raw a la-eled diagra% for

t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine

t!e 'osition of car-on in

reacti3it series.

C ;'lain w! reaction ofcar-on wit! co''er (II)

o;ide is redo; reaction

%hemical eBation

Type of reaction Why

5;idation

red"ction

D /eter%ine t!e 'osition of

!drogen in t!e reacti3it

series of %etals7

>etallic oxide O"servation /osition of hydrogen in

reactivity series

2o''er (II) o;ide 2o''er (II) o;ide -"rns -rig!tl Most reacti3e

Jess reacti3e

Linc o;ide Linc o;ide does not -"rn or glow.

2olo"r t"ens fro% w!ite to ellow

w!en it is !ot

Iron (III) o;ide Iron (III) o;ide glows di%l7 lea3ing

a gre resid"e

/raw a la-eled diagra% for

t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine

t!e 'osition of !drogen in

reacti3it series.

F State w!at t!e reacti3itseries of %etals are7

6rite t!e eacti3it Series

&


27/50

of Metal

>ost reactive +ess reactive

1G /escri-e t!e e;traction of

iron fro% iron ores7

Stage Reaction %hemical eBation

8rod"ction of car-on dio;ide "rning of co$e

/eco%'oses of

li%estone

8rod"ction of car-on %ono;ide eaction of car-on

dio;ide wit! co$e

ed"ction of iron ore to iron ed"ced - car-on%ono;ide

ed"ced - co$e

(car-on)

e%o3al of i%'"rities For%ation of slag11 /escri-e t!e e;traction of

iron fro% iron ores7

Stage Reaction %hemical eBation

ed"ction of tin ed"ced - co$e

(car-on)

ed"ced - car-on

%ono;ide

12 "se t!e reacti3it series of

%etals to 'redict 'ossi-le

reactions in3ol3ing %etals.

Reaction Occr7 not Explaination and chemical eBation

Magnesi"% O co''er (II) o;ide

Linc O %agnesi"% o;ide

edo; reaction in c!e%ical cells;'lain wit! e;a%'les t!e o;idation and red"ction reactions at t!e electrodes of 3ario"s c!e%ical cells.


28/50

Electrode ;inc %opper

Ter%inal

eason

Mo3e%ent of electron

Selected ions to disc!arge

9alf e


29/50

edo; reaction in electroltic cells

;'lain wit! e;a%'les t!e o;idation and red"ction reactions at t!e electrode.

Example 1

/il"te co''er (II) c!loride sol"tion was electrolBed "sing car-on electrode.

&+

Ion in electrolte

lectrode Anode (anion electrode) 2at!ode ( %ation electrode )

Attracted ions

Ion selected to disc!arged

eason

9alfC e


30/50

;a%'le &

2oncentrated Binc c!loride sol"tion was electrolBed "sing car-on electrode.

&

-on in electrolyte

lectrode Anode (anion electrode ) 2at!ode ( 2ation electrode )

Attracted ions


eason

9alfC e


31/50

;a%'le *

/il"te co''er (II)

c!loride sol"tion was

electrolBed "sing

co''er electrode.

*0

Ion in electrolte

lectrode Anode (anion electrode) 2at!ode ( %ation electrode )

Attracted ions


eason

9alfC e


32/50

2o%'arisons -etween electroltic cell and 3oltaic cell cells in ter%s of -asic str"ct"re7 energ con3ersion and t!e transfer of electrons at t!e

electrodes and wit! reference to t!e o;idation and red"ction 'rocesses.

!%haractheristic Electrolytic cell 4oltaic cell

*1

eason

53erall e


33/50

;a%'le of set "' of cell

Str"ct"re

lectrode

sage of electricit

so"rces

2onnection

2on3ersion of energ

Mo3e%ent of electron

T!e reaction (in ter% of

electron transfer) occ"rs at

-ot! electrode

,node %athode .egative terminal 'anode( /ositive terminal 'cathode(

T'e of reaction

/5E A2TI5NS

1&.1 Analsing redo; reactions

*&


34/50

1&.1.1 T!e definition of redo; reaction

**

A reaction w!ere -ot! o;idation and red"ction occ"r at t!e sa%e

ti%e

5;idation n"%-er

of Ln 0

5;idation

n"%-er of Ln

O&

5;idation

Gain of o;gen Joss of !drogen

Joss of electronIncrease of o;idation n"%-er

9&S O 2l

& S O &92l

Mg Mg&O O &e Ln O &92l Ln2l& O 9

&

Mg O 2"5 Mg5 O 2"

Mg is o;idiBed (gain o;gen) 9&S is o;idiBed (loss !drogen)

Mg ato% loss & electron to for% Mg&O

ions

ed"cing agent

ed"cing agent

ed"cing agent

ed"cing agent

9&S O 2l

& S O &92l

2l& O &e &2lC

Ln O &92l Ln2l& O 9

&

2l& is red"ced (gain !drogen)

2!lorine %olec"le gain & electron to

for% & c!loride ion7 2l Cions

5;idising agent

5;idising agent5;idising agent

5;idising agent

Mg O 2"5 Mg5 O 2"

2"5 is red"ced (loss o;gen)

ed"ctionn

Joss of o;gen Gain of !drogen

Gain of electronDecrease ofoxidation number

5;idation n"%-er of 9

O1

5;idation n"%-er of 9

0


35/50

edo; eaction in ter%s of loss or gain o;gen7 !drogen7 electron and c!ange of o;idation n"%-er

;a%'le ;'laination

1. Magnesi"% gains o;gen to for% %agnesi"% o;ide

&. Magnesi"% is said to -e o;idiBed to %agnesi"% o;ide

*,


36/50


37/50

T!e r"les in assigning o;idation n"%-er

*#

Examle


38/50

* ExamleKMn!

"# $+%&+Mn + "$'2&

( )*a,r # $+%& +$+%& +$'2&( )

Atom ' *a- M.- n-Molecules #

2- !

2- 0l

2- *

2

Examle

2! #oxidation no ( +%

but *a # oxidation no ('%

ExamleAtom ' *a- M.- n-Molecules #

2- !

2- 0l

2- *

2

ExamleMn!

"

' # Mn + "$'2& ( '%

0r2!

"

2'' 20r + "$'2& ( '2

Examle

2! #oxidation no ( '2

but 2!

2# oxidation no

( '%

Examle*a0l #oxidation no ( '%M.,r

2# oxidation no (

'%


39/50

1! 'a( :ive for @ays to define oxidation

'"( :ive for @ays to define redction

'c( State t@o example of oxidi)ing agent 'd( State t@o example of redcing agent

2! %alclate the oxidation nm"er of the nderlined elements and complete the ta"le!

.ame of %hemical formla of Oxidation nm"er for -/,% .ame of %ompond

*+

E2IS 1

Oxidation

Redction


40/50

%ompond %ompond nderlined element

2o''er %ono;ide 2"&5 2o''er(I) o;ide

Ferro"s !dro;ide Fe(59)&

8-5& Jead(I) o;ide

8otassi"%

'er%anganate

KMn5,

*

T'e of edo; eaction


41/50

2!ange of iron(II) ions to iron(III) ions and 3ice 3ersa

,0


42/50

,1

/iagra%

9alf e


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More electro'ositi3e %etal will dis'lace a less electro'ositi3e %etal fro% its salt sol"tion

lectroc!e%ical Series C an arrange%ent of %etals -ased on t!e tendenc of eac! %etal ato% donate electron to for% a 'ositi3e ion.

Tendenc of %etal to

release electron

increases

lectroc!e%ical Series (2S)

K KO O eNa NaO O e

2a 2a&O O e

Mg Mg&O O e

Al Al*O O e

Ln Ln&O O eFe Fe&O O e

Sn Sn&O O e

8- 8-&O O e

9 9O O e

2" 2"

&O

O e9g 9g&O O e

Ag AgO O e

A" A"O O e

Tendenc of ions to

recei3e electron

increases

eaction ;'lanation


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More electronegati3e !alogen can dis'lace a less electronegati3e !alogen fro% its !alide sol"tion

Magnesi"% 'late is added

to co''er(II) nitrate

sol"tion

1.Magnesi"% is %ore

electro'ositi3e t!an co''er

&. Magnesi"% release

electron to for%

%agnesi"% ion7 Mg

&O

*. Magnesi"% is o;idiBed.

,. Mg is a red"cing agent

. 2"&Ogain electron to

for% co''er %etal.

#. 2o''er ion7 2"&O is

red"ced

. 2"&Ois o;idiBing agent

9alf e< :

Mg Mg&O O &e

9alf e


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2!lorine water is added to

'otassi"% -ro%ide

sol"tion

1.2!lorine is %ore electronegati3e

t!an -ro%ine

&. 2!lorine gain electron to for%

c!loride ion7 2lC

*. 2!lorine is red"ced.,. 2!lorine is a o;idising agent

. ro%ide7 rCrelease electron to

for% -ro%ine.

#. ro%ide ion7 rC is red"ced

. ro%ide7 rCis red"cing agent

9alf e< :

2l& O &e &2lC

9alf e


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Worksheet 2sing t!e !eat 3al"e 'resented7 draw t!e energ le3el diagra%s for eac! reaction gi3en.

,

92l O Na59 Na2l O 9&5 9? 29*2559 O Na59 29*255Na O 9&5 9 ?


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,#

92l O N9,59 N9,2l O 9&5 9? 29*2559 O N9,59 N9,29*255 O 9&5 9 ?

9N5*O Na59 NaN5*O 9&5 9? 9N5*O N9* N9,N5* 9 ?


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Worksheet 3

Fig"re s!ows t!e e;'eri%ent to deter%ine t!e !eat of ne"traliBation for t!e reaction -etween s"l'!"ric acid and sodi"% !dro;ide.

After %in"tes7 te%'erat"re increased a-o"t 1*.# o2.

=c ,.& gC1o2C1>

/eter%ine:

(i) N"%-er of %ole for sodi"% !dro;ide sol"tion.

,

C C C C C C

C C C

C C C C C

C C C C

C C C CC C CCC CC C C C C &0 c%* !droc!loric acid

1.0 %old%C*

8olst!erine c"'

t!er%o%eter

&0 c%*sodi"%

!dro;ide

1.0 %old%C*


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2!anges of !eat in t!e e;'eri%ent.

9eat of ne"traliBation.

/raw t!e energ le3el diagra%.

In t!e ot!er e;'eri%ent7 &0 c% * et!anoic acid 1.0 %od%C*is reacted wit! sodi"% !dro;ide 1.0 %old%C*. 8redict t!e 3al"e of !eat of

ne"traliBation for t!e reaction. ;'lain.

,+


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,

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