Buildings

The Key Words

You Need to know at least four styles

of buildings in English: Gothic Otoman Modern Jugendstil or Art Nouveau Baroque Ethnographic

Special features of buildings:

spire - smaile tower- tornis dome - kupols balcony - balkons arch - arka vault - velve buttress – balsts pillar – pīlārs; pārsedzošs balsts

Special features of buildings

door - durvis perron – lievenis; lieveņa kāpnes steps – kāpnes; pakāpieni chimney; stove – skurstenis; krāsns cellar – pagrabs front and back garden (yard) - dārzs fence or hedge– žogs vai dzīvžogs terrace - terase

When you start building a house, you need: a project, design or plan of the house that are

made by a designer or an architect; a construction site or a building yard where

the construction of the house takes place; a team of constructors or builders who build

or construct the house building materials or supplies and different

building tools

The Construction:

first you excavate or dig a hole for the basement or fundaments;

then you mix and pour concrete; then you attach some trusses or carcas for the

construction of your house; after that you make walls and window openings:- lay bricks or blocks;- joint logs;- make wartherboards;

after that you lay trusses or rafts and have ridgepole celebrations;

and finally you lay the roof

or thach it.

Different types of roofs:

dome curved roof

Traditional Roofs:

Gable

A very triangular roof, the gable allows rain and snow to run off easily

Mansard A French gable roof.

Cross Gable This is like the gable roof, but has two parts that

cross.

Flat A flat roof is exactly that - flat. It is easy to build

and uses few materials.

Traditional Roofs:

Hipped A low-pitched roof that allows rain and snow to run

off easily, also allows for large eaves on a building.

Cross Hipped Similar to a hipped roof, but this roof has two

parts that cross

Pyramidal A hipped roof that forms a pyramid shape.

Gambrel This roof looks more bell-like than triangular

when viewed from the side.

Traditional Roofs:

Saltbox Similar to a gable roof, but the two sides of it

are not symmetrical.

Shed Similar to a gable roof, as it allows rain and

snow to run off easily.

Sometimes, if there is a stove heating in the house, there is a chimney above the roof.

Usually there is an attic – a room directly below the roof. Nowadays many houses have got central or district heating.

Materials of roofs are:

tile or tilting roof sheet iron or iron

slate

straw or reed

What roofs have these houses got?

Materials of Buildings:

wood:-weatherboards;-joint logs; stone: -red sandstone; -coarse or white limestone;- marble; brick glass and metal or steel

Materials of Buildings:

joint logs; watherboards;

red sandstone; white limestone

Materials of Buildings:

coarse limestone marble

glass and metal brick

WE HAVE BUILT

A HOUSE!