Upload
tranminh
View
246
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
How buildings operate
Sean Kennedy – CEO, Voyant SolutionsJeff Bredeson – President, Voyant Solutions
Building Systems Fundamentals
2
Agenda and Topics
• The Mechanics of Buildings• HVAC Control Systems• Access Control Systems• CCTV/Security• Lighting Systems• System Integration• Energy Management
3
Front DoorAccess Cntl
PenthouseMech Systems
Control RoomBMS
System Integration
Energy Mgmt
Elec RoomLighting
SecurityCCTV
4
PenthouseMech Systems
The Mechanics of the Building(HVAC)
5
Building Mechanicals
• Function – components of the mechanical systems work together to handle the HVAC needs of the building or process
• Types– Boilers– Chillers– Cooling Towers– Air Handling Units– Air Distribution/Variable Air Volume (VAV)– Packaged Equipment
6
Boilers
• Function – provides hot water or steam for heating the building or for process needs
• Types– Fire Tube– Water Tube– Modular
7
Chillers
• Function – provides chilled water for cooling the building or for process needs
• Types– Centrifugal– Screw– Reciprocating– Absorption
8
Cooling Towers
• Function – moves heat from the process water that was extracted from the building or process out of the building or process
• Types
9
Air Handling Units
• Function – conditions air (heats, cools, humidifies, dehumidifies) for distribution around the building
• Types– Packaged Units– Built-up Air Handlers
• Constant Volume• Variable Volume
10
Air Distribution & VAV
• Function – delivers conditioned air (from the AHU) to spaces in need (based on a call from a sensor)
• Types/components– Plenum– Ductwork– Terminal Boxes– Diffusers
11
Packaged Equipment
• Function – Air Handling Units that have been packaged for sale based on industry demand
• Types– Roof Top Units– Split Systems– Unit Ventilators– Heat Pumps
Home
Warehouse
12
HVAC Control Systems
Control RoomBMS
13
History of Controls
• Function – automates the functions of the mechanical equipment which reduces human interaction and energy consumption
• Types– Mechanical Controls– Pneumatic Controls– Electric Controls– Direct Digital Controls– HMI and Graphics
14
Mechanical Control
• Function – relied upon human interaction to control the Manual Valves and Dampers that controlled air and water flow (add picture)
• History– First type of control system– 1800’s-1930’s
15
Pneumatic Control
• Function – used distributed, pressurized air to automatically open and close the dampers and actuators that controlled the flow of air and water in a building
• History– Big advancement from mechanical controls– State of the Art in 1930’s– Still used today (explosion proof areas, older buildings)– Disadvantages
• No monitoring capability• No centralized control• Pneumatic systems are hard to maintain• Used more in process than HVAC apps
16
Electric Control
• Function – used voltage signals (0-10Vdc) to control mechanical devices in the building
• History– Developed in 1960’s – Very popular for a short period (1960’s-1970’s)– Example = Invensys System 8000– Advantages – more maintainable (no
compressors)– Disadvantages – not networkable = no central
monitoring or control
17
Direct Digital Controls
• Function – creates a network of embedded computers that use digital signals (1’s and 0’s), sent over proprietary and/or open networks, as messages to initiate control through electric or pneumatic operators
• History– 1980’s to present– OEM’s created their own proprietary protocols
• Some still use– JCI
» N1 – proprietary TCP/IP» N2 – published RS-485
– Invensys» NW8000 – proprietary TCP/IP, RS-485» DMS – proprietary TCP/IP, RS-485
– Siemens Building Technology» Apogee – proprietary TCP/IP, RS-485
18
Sell the Sizzle
• Function – uses computerized graphical images to allow the operator to monitor, control and troubleshoot the building from a central location
• History– Developed for DDC Systems– Graphical User Interface (GUI)– Human Machine Interface (HMI)
• Started as proprietary software for use with specific systems• Open Systems are changing HMI market• Initially all GUIs and HMI were thick client applications• Thin Client – hosted application that uses the web or intranet as
a means of distributing graphics and dataHomeTelecom
19
Intermission
Let’s take a 15 minute break
20
Access Control Systems
Front DoorAccess Cntl
21
Who is in Your Building??
• Function – allows the building occupant to know who is in the building and prevent building access to any unwanted or uninvited people – Access control systems– Portal control and hardware
• History– Keyed Doors– Manned Security– Digital Controls
22
Access Control Systems
• Access Control Functions– Human Inventory– Asset Protection– HR Implications (ease of adding/removing
badges)– Traffic Flow Control– Access-initiated HVAC Control
23
Portal Control
• Doors • Gates• Turnstiles
HomeSchool
24
CCTV/Security SecurityCCTV
25
Personnel & Asset Protection
• Cameras• Digital Video Recorders (DVR)• Video Distribution
HomeSecurity
26
Lighting Systems
Elec RoomLighting
27
Lighting the Way
• Lighting for Function• Lighting for Productivity• Business Implications of Lighting• Energy Implications of Lighting
28
Lighting for Function
• Task Lighting– Switched on based on demand– Not typically scheduled– Can be motion controlled– Examples
• Desk Lights
29
Lighting for Productivity
• Good lighting schemes promote Good Productivity– Natural sunlight
• Reduces building energy spend• Improves productivity• Improves environment for building
occupants
30
Business Implications
• Increased productivity of workforce = increased efficiency
• Decreased energy costs = increased bottom line
• Healthier environment = reduced sick time
31
Energy Implications
• Lighting can be very expensive– Talk about % cost reduction by correcting
lighting issues– New technology
• T-8/12• Dimmable ballasts• LonWorks
– Scheduling– Monitoring– Load Shedding
HomeSchool
32
Systems Integration
System Integration
33
Making Buildings Talk
• Systems Integration (BMS, ACS, CCTV, Lighting)
• Building Integration– Campus– Multi-site
• IT Integration– LAN– MAN– WAN
BacNet
Proprietary
LonWorks
IntegrationEngine
34
Systems Integration
• LonWorks– BMS
• Circon• Distech
– Access Control• Circon
– CCTV/Security– Lighting Control
• Hubble• Leviton
• BACNet– BMS
• Alerton• Automated Logic• Trane
– Access Control• ????
– CCTV/Security– Lighting Control
• ????
Open Systems - Why have 5 different systemsthat don’t communicate?
BacNet
Proprietary
LonWorks
IntegrationEngine
35
Building Integration
• Making diverse systems in multi-building and campus environments communicate
• Best example = Public Sector– Campus built over time– Systems installed by lowest bidder– Results in – multiple systems that do not
communicate
36
IT Integration
• Integrating the building systems into the overall IT infrastructure = IT Convergence
• Database Integration• ERP/Business Framework Integration
HomeOffices
37
Energy ManagementEnergy Mgmt
38
Focus on Green
• Reasons for Energy Management– Conserve natural resources– Save money
• Enabling Energy Management through effective building control
• Components of Energy Management– Data Acquisition– Data Loggers– Meters/submeters– AMR
39
Energy Management Components
• Integrated systems and buildings– Allows data aggregation for volume leveraging– Enables proper energy monitoring and reporting
• Functional Metering– Divide the loads based on functional operation– Enables load shedding decisions to be made
• Energy Management Software– Pulls energy data to single database– Enables good decision making
HomePlexus
40
Energy Mgmt Tools
Things to Look For:ScalabilityReporting CapabilityFlexibility
41
Building Controls Industry
42
The Players and the Process
• Owners• Building Managers• Architects• Engineers• General Contractors• Construction Managers• Mechanical Contractors• Electrical Contractors• Controls Contractors• System Integrators
43
Follow the Money
OwnerPays for it ALL
General ContractorRuns the Project, Schedule & Budget
ArchitectDesigns the building
MechanicalContractor EngineersElectrical
Contractor
ControlsContractor
BuildingManager
Facility ManagementSystem Integrator
System Integrator
System Integrator
Construction ManagerOwner’s Rep
44
Sales Approaches/Processes
• Bid/Spec– Division 15, 16, 17
• Negotiated– Performance Contracting– Direct to Owner– Service Contracts
• Design/Build• FMSI
45
Performance Contracting
• Guaranteed PC– Energy Audit and Analysis– Savings determination = ROI– Savings guarantee– Financing– Popular in Public Sector
• Request for Proposal
• Non-guaranteed PC– Energy Audit and Analysis– Financing– No guaranteed savings = ROI– Popular in Private Sector/Direct to Owner
46
FMSI
47
Specification
48
Front DoorAccess Cntl
PenthouseMech Systems
Control RoomBMS
System Integration
Energy Mgmt
Elec RoomLighting
SecurityCCTV
49
Questions or Comments??
Thank you!