BUILDING

MAINTENANCE

Carlos Pina

Principal Research Officer

National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (Portugal)

Board of Directors, President

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Life-cycle of a construction project

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Design

Construction

Life-cycle

Raw-materials

Manufacturing

Construction

Operation and Maintenance Demolition

Recycling and Deconstruction

Circular Economy

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Graphic from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

‘inner circles' requires more energy input than

the ‘outer circles'

Circular Economy

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Maintenance

Maintenance is an ‘inner circle', requiring

less energy input than the ‘outer circles' of

repair or recycling.

Maintenance

• The regular maintenance of assets is essential to

minimize the degradation and avoid deep

rehabilitation works.

• The periodic and systematic actions result in a slight

deterioration of the asset components enabling it to

maintain a performance level close to the initial

one for a longer period of time.

• The maintenance of the assets must be considered

since the beginning, in the design phase.

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Introduction - buildings

The maintenance in buildings has been

over the years underestimated.

Absence of legislation requiring long-

term consideration of maintenance.

The new Portuguese building regulation

(under discussion) introduces

requirements for durability and

maintenance purposes.

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Introduction - buildings

Within the scope of the design, the Building

Inspection and Maintenance Manual must

be prepared:

• Current and special inspections

• Characterization of maintenance work

• Any technical expertise and repair work

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BS 7543:2015

Guide to durability of buildings and building

elements, products and components LNEC | 9

Building Design Phase: Taking into account the

durability of different elements

Introduction - buildings

Maintenance

Management System

As-built drawings

Technical

information

(materials &

equipment)

“Technical

Compilation”

Goals

Requirements

Performance

Life cycle

Operability level

Ele

me

nts

| C

om

po

ne

nts

| S

ys

tem

s

contents, goals,

responsabilities,

procedures, processes

Maintenance Manual

Centralized technical

management

Alert systems

Monitoring activity

Data base

« Plan »

« Do »

« Check »

« Act »Maintenance Plan

Preventive maintenance

Corrective maintenance

Activities

Periodicities

Resources

Inspections

Emergency

Documents

Maintenance Management System

11

Maintenance documents

Maintenance Management Manual

Document describing the structure, objectives, responsibilities, procedures

and processes included in the scope of the maintenance management

system, in order to meet the defined and required operational and

maintenance requirements.

Maintenance Plan

The principles and procedures defined in the Maintenance Manual at the level

of tasks, resources, periodicities, corrective and preventive actions, and

records, applying them to the elements, components and systems subject to

intervention.

Schools Modernisation Programme in Portugal

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To renovate and modernize the school

buildings

Creating an efficient and effective

school building management system:

• an effective and efficient response

when isolated repair interventions are

needed or in the planned conservation

and upkeep interventions;

• promoting correct use of the facilities

and equipment through training and

monitoring the users and making them

accountable;

Procurement format

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Prevision of maintenance services for a period of 10 years;

Services to be provided by the contractor include:

Preventive Maintenance – works to be completed according to a

Preventive Maintenance Plan and necessary to prevent and

reduce the degradation of operability functions and school spaces.

The Maintenance Plan is drawn covering all the actions on a

monthly, quarterly, semiannual and annual base.

Corrective Maintenance – works that aim to correct any anomalies

resulting from misuse or natural degradation of facilities and

equipment.

Functional Maintenance – work to be done at the request of the

school building management entity.

Large Conservation - operations to be held 5 and 10 years after

the end of the building rehabilitation to restore the functional,

safety or accessibility conditions, if appropriate.

• The aspects related to maintenance, renovation/ replacement of

installations and equipment are being increasingly present in public

and/or private contracts in the form of contractual requirements

• It is increasingly important to gather experience and information on

the life cycle of buildings components and installations, as well as

their maintenance activities

• The choice of technical solutions (design) should be supported by

cost-benefit analysis from a Whole Life Cycle perspective

• The maintenance plans and the information of the competitors’

proposals must be linked to the budgets for the operation and

maintenance of the buildings

Main conclusions

Jeddah, KSA 11th December 2016

João Morgado Pavement Unit Manager

Asset Management Review and Monitoring

Road Asset Management in Portugal Experience in Maintenance from Portugal

14th INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE CONFERENCE IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES

As per Decree-Law n. 91/2015 dated 29 May, and taking effects as of 1st June 2015, Rede Ferroviária Nacional

- Refer, E.P.E. (REFER, E.P.E.) hereby incorporates by merger EP – Estradas de Portugal, S.A. (EP, S.A.) and

becomes a public limited company named Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. (IP, S.A.). The merger by

incorporation extincts EP, S.A. and its duties and competences are transferred to IP, S.A..

Company

National Road Network General Concessionaire

Long-term Concession Contract of 75 years (until 2082)

Shareholder Base: Portuguese State (100%)

Mission

Financing, operation and development of the road network integrating the National Road Plan (except the

network under private concession);

The design, construction, financing, maintenance, operation and development of the future road network.

Responsibilities

Fulfilment of performance indicators: Level of Service, Road Safety and Environmental Sustainability

Profile

IP CONCESSION

CONTRACT

TOLLS FUEL TAX

ROAD AVAILABILITY AND SERVICE PROVIDED

REVENUE

CONCESSIONAIRES

ROAD

USERS

PORTUGUESE

STATE

TOLLED ROADS

CONCESSION

CONTRACTS

SUB-

CONCESSION

CONTRACTS

SUB-

CONCESSIONAIRES

Road sector model

NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK

17 765 km

OTHER CONCESSIONS

2 621 km

IP CONCESSION

15 144 km

SUB- CONCESSIONS

1 556 km

OTHER ROADS

1 235 km

MOTORWAYS

321 km

DIRECT MANAGEMENT

13 588 km

OTHER ROADS

13 392 km

MOTORWAYS

196 km

Road network extent

Bridges and similar structures (5 211)

• Water ducts prevail over other types of structures

(40%)

Earth Retaining Structures (23 551)

Other types of road furniture

• Signalling, drainage, lighting, safety barriers, etc.

(complete inventory)

Road assets under IP jurisdiction

SGPav Pavement

Management System

SGOA Bridge Management

System

SGOC Earth Retaining

Structures Management

System

IP Asset Management Systems

Annual condition surveys

Pavement quality data

Performance model

Pavement quality prediction

Strategies evaluation

Multi-annual intervention plans

Design and construction

Pavements database Pavement

description and historic record

2003 | Project start

2007 | Production start

Pavement Management System overview

Node

Object defining start and end points of each section, placed on junctions, district

limits, change in road classification or change in cross section type.

Section

Basic road network object, serving as minimum unit for a network stretch and used for survey and

analysis purposes

Section

Node

Database structure

• Road network features

section id, location data, geometric data (per section)

• Traffic data

AADT, heavy vehicle rate, growth rate, axle aggressiveness (per section)

• Pavement condition data (global and parametric)

Quality Index (global) (per section/1000 m/100 m per year)

Condition parameters (longitudinal unevenness, transverse unevenness, area with cracking,

macrotexture, friction) (per section/1000 m/100 m/10 m per year)

• Pavement subgrade bearing capacity (per section)

• Historic record of all pavement interventions, allowing the assessment of the structural capacity (start

and end km, materials, layer thicknesses, etc.)

• Front and rear images (per 10 m per year)

Database contents

Visual inspection Laser RST SCRIM

VIZIROAD equipment (visual

surface defects identification with

linear and GPS referencing)

Laser vehicle collecting unevenness

(longitudinal and transverse),

macrotexture, geometry and front

and rear images

SCRIM vehicle collecting wet skid

resistance and macrotexture

Used for project level surveys Used for network surveys (over

90% per year) since 2011

Used for network surveys (partial

extent) since 2012

Survey methods and annual coverage

PAVEMENT QUALITY INDEX

automatic evaluation

IQ = f (longitudinal unevenness, transverse unevenness and cracking)

assessed by the operator automatic evaluation

Good: IQ > 3.5 Fair: 2.5 < IQ < 3.5 Poor: 1.5 < IQ < 2.5 Bad: IQ < 1.5

0.5

t

2

t

IRI0.0002030

t C0.03R0.002139e5IQ t

PAVEMENT QUALITY RANK

Besides each individual condition parameter, a global quality index is used:

NON-STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE

Section general information

Global quality overview

Data visualisation

Condition parameters visualisation

Dynamic segmentation

according to visualisation

scale (section, 1000 m, 100

m and 10 m for all

parameters)

Front and rear image visualisation (clickable location or per km selection)

Data visualisation

Linear visualisation for condition parameters

Statistical analysis for condition parameters

Cross section visualisation for each 10 m

Information automatically

provided by SGPavGraf

web app

(per section per year)

Data visualisation and web apps

Aid to routine maintenance planning by identifying sites needing actions

high longitudinal unevenness

area with alligator

cracking

Support to decision-making

Pavement performance modelling allowing the early identification of future maintenance needs

3.76 3.68 3.65 3.63 3.61 3.60 3.58 3.57 3.55 3.54 3.53

4.10 3.97 3.92 3.88 3.84 3.81 3.79 3.76 3.74 3.71 3.69

2.15 2.00 1.85 1.71 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.09 0.99

4.10 3.97 3.92 3.88 3.84 3.81 3.78 3.76 3.73 3.71 3.68

1.89 1.76 1.66 1.57 1.49 1.41 1.32 1.24 1.16 1.08 1.00

2.63 2.52 2.46 2.42 2.39 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.22

2.08 1.94 1.78 1.63 1.48 1.33 1.18 1.03 0.88 0.75 0.75

2.64 2.49 2.34 2.19 2.04 1.89 1.74 1.59 1.44 1.29 1.14

2.95 2.80 2.65 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.35 2.31 2.26 2.22 2.17

3.00 2.90 2.80 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.30 2.20 2.10 2.00

3.80 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.40 3.30 3.20 3.10 3.00 2.90 2.80

2.86 2.76 2.66 2.56 2.46 2.36 2.26 2.16 2.06 1.96 1.86

2.35 2.20 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.85 1.80 1.76 1.71 1.66

2.63 2.48 2.38 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03 1.99

2.83 2.68 2.60 2.54 2.49 2.44 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.24

2.85 2.70 2.60 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31

2.38 2.23 2.08 1.93 1.78 1.63 1.48 1.33 1.18 1.03 0.88

Network-wide future pavement condition evaluation

Performance assessment of different maintenance alternatives

Support to decision-making

• Heuristic method to rank

interventions and assign them

to each analysis year

according to the expected

budget

• Ranking is made based on

two criteria:

investment/traffic demand

ratio and the road condition

deterioration rate

• The result is a 5-year

maintenance plan, designed

to meet strategic quality

targets

Annual investment

0

Analysis year (n)

n+2 n+1 n+3 …

L n

n

Budget optimisation and prioritisation of maintenance interventions

Support to decision-making

The recent IP SGPav developments contributed decisively to its consolidation

• by eliminating the subjectivity in the collection of condition parameters

• by the extent of the information available (annual network coverage over 90%)

It resulted in a wider SGPav recognition, not only from its everyday users, but also from top

management

Final remarks

Thank you for your attention cpina@lnec.pt