Building knowledge to improve evaluation of Land Administration Projects (LAPs)

A toolkit based on experiences in Latin America

F. Edouard (FAO); Sofia Espinosa, E. Pantoja (WB)

Presentation outline

1. What triggered this publication/toolkit?2. Main issues regarding M&E systems for

LAP and lessons learnt from Central America

3. A common framework to address LAPs evaluation in Latin America

4. Content of the publication, and to how to use it

5. Questions

What is the publication about and who is it for?

The publication aims to help practitioners working on monitoring LAPs and also,

those involved in the design of these projects

What triggered this publication?

In LAC, and especially in Central America, we face the same issues with respect to LAP evaluation.

To facilitate comparisons, LAPs should be evaluated using the same standards in every country.

Why is this toolkit relevant ? (1)LAPs have a wide range of objectives, which are quite difficult to evaluate:

• Secured tenure and its effects on poverty alleviation• Effectiveness of land administration institutions • information systems on land tenure and land use• getting the municipalities more involved in Land Planning and

Land Taxation• In some LAPs, recognition of land rights of indigenous peoples• ….etc.

Why is this toolkit relevant ? (2)

Need to consider economic and financial aspects when it comes to huge investments and loans for poor countries

Important to take into consideration the new frameworks on Governance, as Voluntary Guideline on Tenure (VGGT) and Land Governance Assessment Framework (LEGAF).

Who is involved in the publication?

This publication is a collective effort carried out by several local and international consultants who have been participating in LAPs evaluation

Some are also part of the national teams involved in the implementation of theses projects in Central America

Main opportunities and issues relating to M&E systems for LAP in LAC

Country LAP name Intervention Areas

Financing Start

El Salvador Proyecto de Administración de Tierras. (Fase Piloto; Fase I)

14 departments WB 1993

Guatemala Proyecto de Administración de Tierras (PAT) Fase I y II

8 Departments12 + 41 municipalities.

WB, IDB 1997

Honduras Proyecto de Administración de Tierras de Honduras (PATH) Fase I y II

10 Departments 27 + 21 municipalities.

WB, Nordic Development Fund

2004

Nicaragua Proyecto de Ordenamiento de la Propiedad (PRODEP) Fase I y II

4 Departments (38 municipios)2 Autonomus regions

WB, Millennium Challenge Corporation, Nordic Development Fund

2005

Main opportunities and issues relating to M&E systems for LAP in LAC

Similar stories in LAC Countries: land and market reforms, Change in the institution in charge on Land Administration Services, decentralization, indigenous land right claims, increase in the number of Protected Areas…etc.

LAPs are designed as multiphase projects, which last more than 10 years. This enables us to have long term M&E systems, needed to assess outcomes and impacts, and crucial for adjusting the design of the next phases

Relatively easy to communicate and exchange experiences among national teams in the LAC countries .

Main opportunities and issues regarding M&E systems for LAP in LAC

Developing consistent M&E systems has been challenging …., because the information we need is held by many different institutions

The results chain, which explains the logic of cause and effect of the LAPs interventions in different areas is not clear enough from the beginning of the project.

Internal controls in Land Administration Institutions are weak, so, it is difficult to obtain reliable information for M&E systems

Main opportunities and issues regarding M&E systems for LAP in LAC

Impact evaluations: lack of information on tenure available makes difficult to select household samples, including the control groups.

Few disaggregated data regarding women or indigenous people.

Economic and financial analysis is generally based on the increase in property value, but it has been difficult to calculate the additional benefits gained from the information systems on land tenure.

Country Level

Institutional Sphere

Subnational and territorial entities

Households who benefit from secured tenure

Common framework to evaluate LAPsLevels of expected impacts

MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS

LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS

Changes and awarenessof property rights and responsibilities

Concerted process for Legal and Policy framework reforms

Legal framework assessment

Technical support for new proposals

Supporting participation & communication programs

Country Level

MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS

Increased access to reliable information

Reduction on time and cost regarding land transactions

Increase in efficiency

Reliable and functional information systems

Financial sustainability

Transparency and accountability

Technical assistance

Strengthening capacities

Development of information systems

Linking Land information systemsLC/R

Institutional sphere

MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS

LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS

Local property taxes collection

Decentralization of LA services

Territorial organization / planning

Infrastructure & investment

Local cadastre units

Update of the database of taxable properties

Capacity for standard property valuation

Delimiting macro-area

Collecting and updating LC

Strengthening capacities of local cadastre units

Geographical Information and linkages

Subnational and territorial entities : Municipalities

Households who benefit from secured tenure

MAIN EXPECTED IMPACTS LAP OUTCOMES LAP INPUTS

Access to financial and public services

Increase the value of assets

Improve perception on tenure security

Rural and Urban lands with unsecured tenure are regularized

Land Conflicts between neighbors are addressed

Social communication campaigns

Tenure regularization

Conflict resolution

Contents of the Toolkit3 sections, according to the different areas of impacts:

• Institutional,

• Territorial Entities,

• Households with improved tenure security .

Each section includes a chapter on Literature review, experiences in Central America and the rational around the result frameworks.

2 sections are crosscutting issues:

• general background on LAPs in LAC

• Economical and Financial analysis.

Contents of the Toolkit

Also recommendations to use data from different sources and to

influence the design of other surveys (field form used for the cadastral

survey, agricultural censuses, poverty surveys,…etc.)

Each section includes Guidance Notes and some tools such as questionnaires, data base structure, Score cards, which will facilitate the implementation of different kinds of evaluation

The content of the section is designed to help national teams to prepare TOR, when it comes to external studies.

Guidance Notes include recommendations to disaggregate data

according sex and ethnic origin of the beneficiaries.

Some tools included

• Results chain• Logical or result Framework• Participatory tools for assessing local

governance

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Women and youth have increased their ownership over land property titles

Women and youth with negotiation power to take part in policy decisions

making

Land property titles are recognized as collateral

Conflict resolution system operating

Women and men have a higher incomes from diversified sources

Competitive and efficient land market

Housing infrastructure is improved

Natural Resources Management is improved

Women and youth increase their control

over land

Greater access to public goods and

services

People’s perception of land tenure

security and its benefits is improved Higher investments in land and its

infrastructure

Greater access to financial services

Property value increases

Less conflicts regarding property boundaries and illegal

occupation

The proportion of titled land has increased

IATs are strengthened Conflict resolution mechanisms are improved

Access to land property information has improved in quantitative and qualitative

terms

Reduced time and expenses dedicated to

land titling

Higher percentage of conflicts resolved

LAPs RESULTs CHAIN AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

INDICATOR

CATASTRE

LAND REGIS

TRY

REGISTER

SUB-INDICATOS

METODOLOGY INSTRUMENTS VARIABLESFORM OF

MEASUREMENT BASIC

ASSUMPTIONS

EFECTS (CLOSE IMPACTS)

Lower service and transaction cost for users

X X X

Transaction costs

Compilation of economic and financial information of each institution

Spreadsheets of transactional Cost . Breakdown of Cost -level accounts. Separation for delegation in organizational departments, etc.

Transaction costs

Economic Analysis of transactions or public services.

Public institutions implement formal programs regularization and legalization of real property, have rates for services, and receive state budget or funding of other stakeholders in the stability of land tenure

Transaction volume

Compilation of operational information of each institution

Spreadsheets Sepation of normal transaction and improved process

Number of required transactions

Comparative Analysis With and Without Assessment Program or Project

Transactional allowance

Compilation of economic and financial information of each institution

Spreadsheets Separation of funding sources (donation, loan) and duration

External Economic Contribution ( State, donor, other)

Result and logical Frameworks

Tracking tools for participatory assessment on local governance

Ex: Secured tenure on indigenous territories

Indicador Calificación Parámetros para calificación

Titulo Colectivo de Propiedad

0. Territorio definido como tierras nacionales. 1. Definición del modelo de titulación colectiva y del polígono propuesto, mediante

consulta previa, libre e informada, previa política gubernamental de apoyo.2. Polígono definido, validado (control de calidad), incluyendo el consentimiento de

las comunidades colindantes e informando a las autoridades municipales3. Titulo colectivo entregado y registrado en el IP

Figura Jurídica/ personalidad jurídica del consejo territorial

0. Sin ninguna figura ni esquema definido1. Elaboración y concertación de estatutos del consejo territorial mediante consulta

previa, libre e informada con delegados de comunidades y organización global2. Constancia de solicitud a SEIP de figura asociativa3. El consejo territorial tiene personalidad jurídica

Derechos formales sobre el territorio

0. Solo el acceso1. Uso: Derechos de aprovechamiento del territorio limitado al autoconsumo2. Manejo: El derecho de regulación de los patrones de uso, de transformación y

comercialización de los recursosTitulo colectivo entregado y registrado en el IP3. Exclusión: El derecho de decidir quién puede o no tener acceso a los recursos

naturales (concesiones, terceros…etc.)4. Alienación: El derecho de vender, rentar u otorgar concesión para el

aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales

Local Governance Assessment

Certeza jurídica

Manejo de Recursos naturales

Manejo de conflictosGobernanza en el territorio

Acceso a apoyos externos

0

1

2

3

4

Base Line

End of Project

Thank you for your attention