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BUILDING INFORMATON MODELLING
(BIM)
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
PLUMBING AND .HV AC
AHMAD FAA THIR BIN CHE MOHD ZULKIFLI
B. ENG . .(I-IONS) MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING""(DUAL DEGREE
PROGRAMME WITH KARLSRUHE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, HSKA
GERMANY)
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
Universiti Malaysia PAHANG
SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is adequate
in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechatronics
Engineering (Hons. ).
Full Name
Position
Date
:DR AHMAD FAKHRI BIN AB. NASIR
: SENIOR LECTURER
: 3rd MARCH 2017
0 Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Engineering • Technology • CreetMt:r
STUDENT'S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for
quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has
not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Malaysia
Pahang or any other institutions .
./ (Student's Signature)
Full Name :AHMAD FAATHIR BIN CHE MOHD ZULKIFLI
ID Number : HA12003
Date : 3rd MARCH 2017
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING
(BIM)
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
PLUMBING AND HV AC
AHMAD FAA THIR BIN CHE MOHD ZULKIFLI
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of
Bachelor ofMechatronics Engineering (Hons.)
Faculty ofManufacturing
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
MARCH2017 ~.~~
PERPUSTAi{AAN ~::tltl !l\ Ul\l!VER'SiT! MALAYSIA P.<~HANG f
~:.:~~ ~~~~.¥.
No. Perolehan No. Panggilan
119960 f"\<.f Tarikh ·r3:?
1 2 OCT 2017 :2011
... ~G·
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, all praised to Allah, with all His will, I managed to complete this thesis. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all of the people who have help me and to all of the people that involved either directly or indirectly in the realising of this thesis.
First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Ahmad Fakhri Bin Ab. Nasir who has sacrificed a lot toward the completion of this thesis. His support and motivation has kept me strong during conducting this thesis. Furthermore his insight and guidance, based on his broad experience and knowledge, has allowed me to collect new know ledges while conducting this thesis as well as completing it. Besides that, I would like to thanks my company's supervisor, Encik Zakriman who has share his knowledge and experiences and guide me to complete my thesis.
Not to forget my Hochschule Karlsruhe's supervisor, Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Helmut Scherf, who always spent his time to follow up my work progress and gave a lot of constructive advice and guideline, even he is in Germany.
Second, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved father, Che Mohd Zulkifli bin Che Mohd Zulkifli, mother, SharifahMaimunah binti Syed Abdullah and also my siblings as they have been my source of strength, inspiration and motivation in finishing this thesis in the required time.
Third, I would like to express my appreciations to all of my friends who have been involved either directly or indirectly in finishing this project. Without them I would have not be able to finish this project on time.
11
ABSTRAK
'Building Information Modelling' (BIM) digunakan secara meluas dalam mereka bentuk, simulasi dan menganalisis struktur model bangunan. Ini membantu arkitek, jurutera awam,juruteramekanikal dan elektrik dan lain-lain untuk gambaran keseluruhan model bangunan sebelum meneruskanpembinaan. sistem mekanikal di dalam bangunan adalah salah satu bahagian yang paling kritikal dalam pembinaan yang terlibat dalam kerja memasang paip dan HVAC sistem. Tham Zamin Bersekutu Consultant merupakan syarikat yang bertanggungjawab bagi pemasangan sistem mekanikal. Pada asasnya syarikat ini merangka sistem mekanikal dalam lukisan 2D dan masalah yang berlaku di tapak pembinaan kerana berlakunya pertempuran antara sistem. Perisian Autodesk Revit diselesaikan ini bertembung masalah dengan model sistem mekanikal dalam 3D untuk bangunan tiga tingkatdanmenganalisis pertempuran antara·sistem. Untuk menentukan sistem penyejukan di dalam bangunan, jurutera di syarikat ini dikira secara manual dan kaedah ini mengambil masa yang lama untuk disiapkan. Analisis beban haba boleh dijalankan di Revit yang boleh mengatasi masalah ini. Pam bertanggungjawab untuk meningkatkan bekalan air di seluruh bangunan dan saiz pam di bangunan ini perlu dikira juga. Sistem mekanikal pemodelan 3D yang lengkap akan dianalisis dan persempadanan semula model kerana pertempuran berlaku. Selain daripada itu, Program Analisis Setiap Jam (HAP) boleh menganalisis beban haba melalui jam masa dan boleh menentukan keuntungan habamaksimum mengikut struktur dan orientasi dari bilik. Hasil beban haba bagi setiap bilik boleh membuat keputusan Unit Pengendalian Air yang paling sesuai (AHU) bagi bangunan itu. Sistem paip terdiri daripada dua bahagian yang air sejukdan memadam kebakaran. Pam untuk setiap sistem boleh ditentukanmelalui pengiraan dan dua keperluan utama untuk saiz pam adalah kadar aliran dan tekanan. Kehilangan geseran dan kepala statik adalah beberapa faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pengiraan. Terdapat peningkatan. yang telah dibuat untuk membantu syarikat ini untuk hasil.yang lebih baik dalam mereka bentuk dan membuat analisis sistem mekanikal. Pemodelan 3D boleh dipantau untuk mengenalpasti pertembungan berlaku antara sistem mekanikal. Keputusan daripada analisis membawa kepada membuat penambahbaikan dalam pemodelan sebelum meneruskan ke tapak pembinaan. Analisis beban haba yang dij alankan di · Revit ·• memberikan hasil yang lebih baik untuk. sistem penyejukan.Beban haba maksimum eli hotel tersebut ditenentukan dalam analisis ini. Kadar aliran dan tekanan untuk pam telah dikira mengikut faktor dan keperluan yang. diperlukan melalui penyelidikanyang telah dilakukan.
iii
ABSTRACT
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely used in designing, simulation and analyzing the model structure of a building. This help the architects, civil engineers, mechanical and electrical engineers and etc.· to overview the. building modelling l:)efore proceed to the construction. Mechanical systems in· the building are one of the most critical part in construction which involves in plumbing and HV AC systems. Tham Zamin Bersekutu Consultant is the company that responsible for the installation of the mechanical systems. Basically this company drafted the mechanical systems in 2D drawing and problems occurred at the construction site due to clashes between the systems. Autodesk Revit software solved· this clashes problem .bY modelling. the mechanical systems in 3D for the three~ storey building and analyzed the clashes between the systems. To determine the coolingsystemin thebuilding, engineers in this company calculated it manually and this method take a longer period to complete. Heat load analysis can. be conducted in Revit that could overcome this problem. Pumps are responsible to enhance the water supply throughout the building and the size of the pumps in this building need to be calculated as well. The complete mechanical systems 3D modelling will be analyzed and redrawing the modelling due to the clashes occur. Other than that, Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) can analyze the heat gain through time hours andean determine the maximum heat gain according to the structure and orientation of the room. The result of the heat gain for each rooms can decide the suitable Air Handling Unit (AHU) for the building. The plumbing systems consists of two parts which are cold water .and firefighting. The pumps for each systems can be decided throughthe calculation and two main requiiements for the pump sizing are flow rate and pressure. Friction loss and head static are some of the factors need to be considered duiing the calc11lation. There are improvem~nts have been mad.e to assist this company for a better . results .in designing and make analysis. of the mechanical systems. The 3D modelling can monitoredto identify the clashes occur between the mechanical systems. The results .from
. the analysis .lead to make. the improvements in the modelling before proceed . to the construction site: Heat load analysis conducted in Revit give a better result for the cooling
. ·· system$; The maximum heat g~in in selected rooms were determine in this ·analysis~ The flow·rate and pressUI"e for thepllillps have been calculated ·according to the factors and
· requ~re¢ents net(<i~4-~?~g;h, resjearcht}J:at ·have been done. .
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION
TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF SYMBOLS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
1.4 PROJECT SCOPE
1.5 THESIS ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING{MEP)
2.3 REVIT MEP
2.4 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DESIGN
v
ii
iii
iv
v
viii
X
xii
xiii
1
1
3
4
4
6
7
8
9
10
I 2.5 WATER STORAGE TANK DESIGN 12 I
j
2.6 PUMP SIZING (SUCTION AND BOOSTER PUMP) 13
2.6.1 FRICTION LOSS, Hf 14
2.6.2 LOADING UNITS (LU) 18
2.7 HOSEREEL SYSTEM 21
2.7.1 HOSE REEL 21
2.7.2 HOSE REEL PUMP 22
2.7.3 HOSE REEL TANKS 22
2.8 PIPE MATERIALS 23
2.8.1 CONCRETE AND CERAMIC PIPES 24
2.8.2 PLASTIC PIPES 24
2.8.3 METAL PIPES 24
2.8.4 STAINLESS STEEL PIPES 24
2.9 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 25
2.9.1 BUILDING SURVEY AND LOAD ESTIMATE 25
2.9.2 HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM (HAP) 28
2.10 SUMMARY 28
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 30
3.1 INTRODUCTION 30
3.1.1 PROCESS FLOW EXPLAINATION 32
3.2 3D MODELLING 33
3.2.1 FIRE FIGHTING DRAWING 33
3.2.2 COLDWATERDRAWING 35
3.2.3 HV AC DRAWING 37
3.2.4 COMBINE DRAWING (ALL MECHANICAL SYSTEMS) 39
vi
3.3 CLASH ANALYSIS
3.4 COLD WATER CALCULATION
3.4.1 DAILY WATER DEMAND AND WATER TANK
PROVIDED
3.4.2 SUCTION PUMP SIZING
3A.3 BOOSTER PUMP SIZING
3:5 FIRE_ FIGHTING
3.5;1 HOSE REEL PUMP CALCULATION
3.6 . HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAMM
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 CLASH ANALYSIS
4.2.1 MODIFICATION OF THE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 3D·
MODELLING
43 HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM (HAP)
> ., ,.
CIIAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
s.1 coNttu5aoN-
>. '' ' .. ' • .' ~ " • • • •
' .
APPENDIX:D~PUTDATA2 ·,_.. : ·: .. : . . ' .. · ·.·.·
. . '- ·. . .·
APPEND~E INPUT DATA 3 vii ..
40
44
44
45
49
55
55
.-57
59
59
59
67
73
87
89
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 2.6
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
·Table3~3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 4.1
Table4.3
Table4.4
LIST OF TABLES
Capacity of water that used in one day's
Flow velocity coeffic:ients for various type pipes
(for straight pipe)
Equivalentlength of straight pipe in meters for calCulating
friction loss
Loading units (hotor cold supply) . .
The supply requirement for com:mon fixtures
Advantages and disadvantages of different type ofpipes
Water tank design and sizing
Total length of pipe for suction pump
Total loading units (LU)
Flow rate at the furt:he~t location on 2nd floor
Total friction loss
Total length ofpipe for hose reel pump
Clashes occur betwetmp)Uffibingand plumbing systems·
Clashes oectir petween·HVAC .and•HVAC·.systettts .. ' .. . . . .· ' . · ..
. .
Analysis resultf.ortheroomon the ground floor
Analysis result for;th~ toofn on the lst tlw>r · • .. 7.
· table 4.5 . . · ·Afi~tysis r:esulftor the r~6hl o~ihe'·2~a~6br•··<
· Table 7.1 . ..· .. Ceiling and Floor area of the tool1l(m2) .. ·
Table 7.2
Table.7.3
Table 7.4
Table 7;5
Fresh air intake
·. Infiltration ventilation
Operating time for internal heat gain schedule (%) . viii
12
16
17
18
19
23
44
46
50
52
53
56
60-65
.·. 66
74
84.
Table 7.6 Ceiling and Floor area of the room (m2) 86
Table 7.7 Structure area on the structure of the room 86
Table 7.8 Fresh air intake 86
Table 7.9 Infiltration ventilation 86
Table 7.10 Operating time for internal heat gain schedule (%) 86
Table 7.11 Ceiling and Floor area of the room (m2) 88
Table 7.12 Structure area on the structure of the room 88
Table 7.13 Fresh air intake 88
Table 7.14 Infiltration ventilation 88
Table 7.15 Operating time for internal heat gain schedule (%) 88
ix
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
LIST OF FIGURES
The components of a BIM use
Piping layout categories of MEP system
Domestic cold and hot water supply system with gravity tank
Domestic cold and hot water supply system with supply pump
and pressure tank
8
9
10
11
Figure 2.5 Schematic drawing of Total Dynamic Head (TDH) 13
Figure 2.6 Example of measured pipe length 17
Figure 2. 7 Example of loading units 19
Figure 2.8 Conversion chart-loading units to flow rate 20
Figure 2.9 Example of Hose Reel 21
Figure 3.1 Process Flow 31
Figure 3.2 Fire fighting 3D modelling (plumbing system) 33
Figure 3.3: Fire fighting 3D modelling (with building structure) 34
Figure 3.4 Fire fighting 3D modelling (side view) 34
Figure 3.5 Cold water 3D modelling (plumbing system) 35
Figure3.6 Cold water 3Dmodelling (with building structure) 36
Figure 3.7 Cold water 3D modelling (side view) 36
Figure3.8 HVAC 3D modelling (HVAC system) 37
FigUre 3.9 HV AC 3D modelling (with building structure) 38
Figure3.10 HVAC 3D modelling (side view) 38
Figure 3~11 3D modelling ofmechanical systems (with building structure) 39
Figure 3.12 3D modelling ofmechanical systems (side plan) 40
Figure 3.13 Clash analysis between pipe and pipe 41
Figure 3.14 Clash analysis between HV AC and HVAC 42 X
Figure 3.15 Clash analysis between plumbing and HVAC 43
Figure 3.16 Distance of pipe from suction tank, a to storage tank, b 46
Figure 3.17 Position of booster pump in the building 50
Figure 3.18 Point A, booster pump andpointBthe water supply to
the 2nd floor · 51
Figure 3.19 Point B, C, D,E and Fon the 2nd floor 52 . . .
Figure 3.20 Distance. p.ipe. from sucti~n pump outlet, a to the furthest
hose reel; b ·55.
Figure.4.1 Clashes occur between straight pipe and straight pipe 67
Figure 4.2 Modification of the modelling on the clash occur 68
Figure 4.3 Clashes occur between fitting ofthe pipe and straight pipe 69
Figure 4.4 Modificatio:tt of the modelling on the clash occur 69
Figure 4.5 Clashes occur between. fitting of the pipe and straightpipe · 70
Figure 4.6 Modification of the modelling on the clash occur . 71
Figure4.7 Clashesoccurbetwee11btanch du9tand supply diffuser duct 72
Figure 4.8 Modification of th~ modelling on the clash. occur· 72 .
Figure7.1
.··Figure 1:2
xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Ht PumpHead
Hst Static head
Ilj Head loss due to friction
1 Hydraulic gradient
L Total length of pipe
·Q Flow rate
. C Flow velocity coefficient
D Pipe diameter
xii
BIM
CAD
MEP
HVAC
LHDN
AHU
TDH
LU
HAP
BTU
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Building Information Modelling
Computer Aided Design
Mechanical, electrical and plumbing
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Lembaga Hasil Dalam N egeri
Air Handling Unit
Total dynamic head
Loading units
Hour analysis program
British thermal unit
xiii
CHAPTER!
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
BIM is an acronym for Building Information Modelling and has been defined as
"Computer Aided Design (CAD) paradigm" producing a set of interacting policies,
processes and technologies generating a methodology to manage the essential building
design and project data in digital formatthroughout the building's life-cycle [1]. Most of
the people think that BIM is just another (CAD) program but it actually goes beyond that.
In fact it goes well beyond software alone because it is shaping the design process itself.
The best way to sum it up is BIM is an architectural process of Virtual Design and
Construction that through the heavy use of technology integrates and connects
information with the virtual model. As the model is being created, team members are
constantly refining and adjusting their portions according to project specifications and
design changes to ensure the model is asaccurate as possible before the project physically
breaks ground [2]. HIM helps some of people working under constructiorr site to
understand a building through the. use of a digitaLmodel· which draws on a range .ofdata
assembled collaboratively. All of the information regarded to the every component of a
building will be combined together in one place by using BIM. Revit, Microstation,
Tekla, etc. are examples ofBIM softwarethat.commanly used bythe design team on a
project to construct a 3D model and bydoing this virtually with it cari show all the
systems such as architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, etc. Nowdays BIM
software usually used by individuals, businesses and goverment agencies who plan,
design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical infrastructures, such as water,
refuse, electricity, gas, communicationutilities,roads, bridges, ports, tuJ1llels, etc.
1
With a shared model in BIM software, there is less need for rework and
duplication of drawings for the different requirements of building disciplines. The
information that contains in the model have more information than a drawing set,
allowing each discipline to annota~e and connect their intelligence to the project [ 4]. HIM
drawing tools are faster than 2D drawingtoolsand each object is connectedto a database
·· [3]. This software can do much more of the analysis and modeling to achieve peak
performance, condensing knowledge and rules into a service.
In order to constrlict a building, m~chanical, electrical ~d plumbing (MEP)
systems are also importapt in this field other than architecture, structure, etc. In
mechanical systems which more focuses on infrastuctured, plant and machinery, tools
and components, heatingandventilatiori and many else elements that related to it [5].
While in electrical systems might include power supply and distribution,
telecommunications, computing instruments, control system, etc. The plumbing aspect
focuses on the delivery of water and draining of waste water. Basically MEP is a t)!pe of
engineering that focuses ~n the disciplines needed t(). build safe,. working· structures for
hul.Tian use and occupation. Inll'lechanicai part h~ating, ventilation and air conditioning
(IIVAC) is responsible for the installation and maintenance of air conditioning, heating
and· yentilation ··and it means. changing filters and installing furnaces, along with air
co11ditioners. [ 6] .·For some cases, BIM manage to handle tasks such a8 smoke control and
exhaust. For the electrical part~ .it fo~uses on switches, lighting, fire alarms, security . . . .
··· systems, as well as lightmgprotection. The plumbing part also handles fire suppression
.• ,;;sy~t~ms.and. &torin pipesystenrs,ias well as gas delivery·systems in medical'arid•iabotacy
settings [6]: . . . -
· ··•·•.•.··· ••. !3~~*'g:B~S.,~~\l.~~~~f~O<ClJtS.Wiitm~Ji¥eptsg£(nff<=!. : 'rri~delSo¢6upy the same.spabe.'F~~·&«ectiv~ identification, .·inspection arid 'repbri;ing of
·· ... ~i~t¢rferences in a project lfi{)d~l Wii{Be ea8e with the help of6la~h detection .. Basically· ..•.
. . by using clash ~etection 'ltA~~ill}"~dices'tlie fisk. ofhtunarierror durlng. roodef inspections·
hhd used fm cheddng eithertol\l~leted or dngoing project In. some cases dash detection·
;tllightbenecessarybecahs~ se:Vera(ln;de~ (strlictural, MEP, ·etc;} areintergrated into·
()lie main BJM model [7]. Cl~sh d¢tection somehow help to preyent mistakes which
2
normally would have been discover on the site and now it can be done in the office before
step into the construction site.
A heat load calculation is a mathematical method of determining exactly how
much heating is needed to keep a home or other structure at the indoor temperature level
its occupants prefer [21]. Basically, all structureshave a heat load and a corresponding
cooling load that is based on structural characteristics ofthe building, steps that have been
taken to increase the sructure's energy efficiency, and the comfort preferences of the
people who will spend their time in the building [6]. To do an extensive on-site
inspections of an existing building or evaluation of plans for proposed construction a heat
load calculation need to be conducted.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Previously after architects have completed the drawing of a building, MEP
engineers will take over the project to design mechanical systems that need to be install
in the building. Drawing that have been given to the MEP engineers was in 2D drawing
and mechanical systems design will also conducted in 2D drawing. However it will give
difficulties to the contractors and several problems occured during the construction of a
building. This will effect the time required to fmish construct the building and will
increase the cost.
Tham Zamin Bersekutu consultant which responsible in designing the mechanical
and electrical (M&E) systems in the building received a2D drawing ofthe building from
the architects. Currently a three-storey building which is Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri
(LHDN) is conducted by this company. HVAC, frre fighting and cold waterwhich are
parts iri the mechanical syst~mhave been draw in2D drawing by the MEP designers here
and this 2D drawing need to be converted into 3D drawing by using BIM software.
HVAC involve in designing for the air conditioning systems of the building while fire
fighting and cold water are involves in designing the plumbing systems.
Clash between the mechanical parts always occured after completed the drawing.
These clashes between the mechanical systems need to be detected and redraw the
3
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7}
.[9J.
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