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What is BIM? Why do we need it? How do we do it? A collection of graphic images explains the advantages of using a coordinated data-rich 3D model for design communication and collaboration.
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Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
Building Information Modeling Nancy Yen-wen Cheng, University of Oregon
• What is BIM? • Why do we need it? • How does it work?
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
What is BIM?
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng What is BIM? A Building Information
Model is a virtual object database shared by AEC partners
- connects 3D forms to non-graphic attributes (material properties, cost, scheduling and performance information, etc.)
Image courtesy of Revit
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Consistent Information
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Consistent information reduces miscommunication
Slide courtesy of IAI North America
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Benefits throughout the Building Lifecycle
Timo Hartmann & Martin Fischer, Stanford CIFE, 2008
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
Why do we need BIM?
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Why BIM? Downward Construction Productivity
2004 2008 2012 2014 2018 2022 2024 ….
Paul Teicholtz
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Benefits of BIM compared to previous 2D CAD or paper • Better: Coordination and clash detection reduces errors • Cheaper: Efficiency saves money • Faster: Minimizes redrawing -- Chuck Eastman, Georgia Tech
**
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Benefits of BIM compared to previous 2D CAD or paper • Better: Coordination and clash detection reduces errors • Cheaper: Efficiency saves money • Faster: Minimizes redrawing -- Chuck Eastman, Georgia Tech
ArchiCad
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Why BIM? Islands of Automation in Construction
Slide courtesy of Matti Hannus, VTT
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
Litigation Phase
SD DD CDs Construction
Ability
Effo
rt
Time Slide courtesy of Patrick MacLeamy, IAI International
Traditional Design Decisions
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
Litigation Phase
Effo
rt
Time SD DD CDs Construction
Earlier Design Decisions with BIM / IP
Ability
Slide courtesy of Patrick MacLeamy, IAI International
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Benefits for Sustainability Facilitates • Integrated practice • More seamless performance modeling • Post-occupancy monitoring & responsiveness
Image courtesy of Turner Construction
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Sustainability requires integrated practice • More stakeholders involved in design earlier • Shared risk & rewards: Your success depends of success of others –Michael Hricak • Cultural Transformation needed. New tools don’t change thinking or processes — The Toyota Way by Jeffrey K. Liker
Image courtesy of Green Building Services
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Integrated Practice • One aspect affects all others. Adding mass for a thermal flywheel effect would
have triggered a seismic upgrade. As soon as you did something to the flooring, suddenly it wasn't just that cost, but it was the next cost, the next cost. So that was the early design process: dead end, let's back up, let's go this way, try again."
- Mark Heizer, Interface Engineering
Diana Fischetti
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng
How does BIM work?
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Interoperability • Get the right kind of information to the right people.
-- Michael Hricak, USC
Image courtesy of Victor Várkonyi, Graphisoft
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Interoperability • Changes to Architectural design changes Structural view
• Industry Foundation Classes provide a common exchange language (driven by the Building Smart Alliance, formerly International Alliance for Interoperability)
Image courtesy of Victor Várkonyi, Graphisoft
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Level of Detail • Model complexity should support each phase of development
Onuma Inc.
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng BIM works at all scales Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coordinating with building
scale models through GeoSpatial Consorium
Image courtesy of Geospatial Consotium, Onuma, Inc., Portland Maps
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng BIM works at all scales Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
coordinating with building scale through GeoSpatial Consorium
Images courtesy of Onuma, Inc.
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng BIM & Energy Analysis
** Slide courtesy of Phil Bernstein, Steven Brittan, Mark Dietrick, Rick Huibregts
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng BIM & Analysis • From simplified zone analysis to room-based analysis
Core
Perimeter
Image courtesy of Christine Clevenger, Stanford CIFE
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Performance-based design • Round trip from model to analysis to reshaping the model
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng BIM & Analysis software
Images by BuildingGreen.com & Autodesk
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Form & Performance • Solar radiation mapped onto form SOM’s Pearl River Tower uses PV and
wind turbines
Slide courtesy of SOM, Ecotect
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Shadow Casting • Burt Hill Architects' Parkway 22 condominium complex in Philadelphia
Slide courtesy of Phil Bernstein, Steven Brittan, Mark Dietrick, Rick Huibregts
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Shadow Casting • Burt Hill Architects' Parkway 22 condominium complex in Philadelphia
Slide courtesy of Phil Bernstein, Steven Brittan, Mark Dietrick, Rick Huibregts
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Parametric • Parameter = variable (i.e. dimension or count)
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Parametric modeling
• Adjustable form with Bentley’s Generative Components
Images by Wilson Chang, Simon Frazier University
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Modeling to Fabrication
• Adjustable form with Bentley’s Generative Components
Images by Wilson Chang, Simon Frazier University
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Construction visualization • See Stanford CIFE’s Virtual Design and Construction
Slide courtesy of Washington DOT
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng BIM in the Construction Industry
Slide courtesy of Martin Fischer, Stanford CIFE
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Form and Performance • Graphic feedback: Deviation map obtained by mapping laser scan
data collected during construction onto 3D design model
Slide courtesy of Dr. Burcu Akinci, Carnegie Mellon University
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Facilities Management • 4D Modeling, GSA
Slide courtesy of Caroline Clevenger
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Building Information Networks • Building dashboard by Lucid Design Group
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Building Information Networks • Operations, Services via Online connections
Slide courtesy of Phil Bernstein, Steven Brittan, Mark Dietrick, Rick Huibregts
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng What matters?
From McGrawHill The Business Value of BIM,
SmartMarket Report, 2009, www.bim.construction.com
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Benefits of BIM
From McGrawHill The Business Value of BIM,
SmartMarket Report, 2009, www.bim.construction.com
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Benefits of BIM
Evidence • 20-30% higher productivity in the field • reduction of Requests for Information (RFI) & Change
Orders (CO) by a factor of ten or more, • higher engagement of all stakeholders (~70% positive in
2007 survey) • consideration of more design options from more
perspectives --Martin Fischer, Stanford Center for Integrated Facility
Engineering (CIFE)
BIM • Reduces redundancy & errors • Provides visual communication • Facilitates adjustable Form with Performance
Onuma, Inc.
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Summary
Caveat • Don’t mistake change for innovation. • With computers, bad design can happen really fast.
— Michael Hricak
Slide courtesy of Onuma, Inc.
Nancy Yen-wen Cheng Summary Sustainable Design requires Integrated Practice
– Engage stakeholders early – Share risks & rewards
BIM supports the full building life-cycle BIM: Building Investigation Model BAM: Building Assembly Model BOOM: Building Operation Optimization Model -- Patrick MacLeamy, HOK
Slide courtesy of CH2MHill
[email protected] Nancy Yen-wen Cheng