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Building a Resource Efficient and Zero Waste City
Experience of Kitakyushu City
Hiroshi Imanaga, Deputy Mayor
City of Kitakyushu, Japan
UNCRD / UN DESA Side Event at the Second Meeting of the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development
Promoting Resource Efficiency for Sustainable Urban Development7 July 2014
1
OECD Green Cities Programme
Successful waste management: Japan has one of the lowest
rates for municipal waste production among OECD countries,
1.03kg per person per day (2008), and Kitakyushu produces
less than half that amount, 506g per person per day (2009).
Paris, France Chicago, U.S.A. Kitakyushu, JapanStockholm, Sweden
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/green-growth-
in-kitakyushu-japan_9789264195134-en
OECD Report “Green Growth in Kitakyushu, Japan” published in 2013
Much as for past achievement, future green growth in
Kitakyushu will have to rely on strong citizen engagement.
2
Overcoming Severe Environmental Pollution
Dokai Bay, the “Sea of Death” Beautiful sea
Severe air pollution In 1950s & 1960s Present
Blue skies
3
Partnership
Residents
Environmental control &environmental infrastructure
Local Government Private Enterprises
Cleaner Production & pollution control equipment
Learning how to measure air pollution from a university professor
Residents’ observation of a private company
Local Initiatives & PartnershipEnvironmental Technology & Environmental InvestmentEducation & Participation of Residents Environmental Governance
Reference: UNESCAP “Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment”
Partnerships among Local Multi-stakeholders
4
Source: World Bank, MEIP Report, 1996
Economic Development & Environmental Achievement
(Win-Win) in Kitakyushu
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Environmental Pollution
(mg-SO3/100c㎡/day)
Economic Development
(Value of Shipments: 100Billiom Yen)
1960
19611962
19631964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
19711972
19731974
19761977
1978 1979
1980
Environmental Pollution(mg-SO3/100cm2/day)
Economic Development (Value of Shipments: 100 Billion Yen)
1960
1980
Economic development was achieved in
line with environmental improvement.
1968
5
Dialogue among Multi-Stakeholders and Shared Philosophy
on Sustainable Development
Multi-stakeholders Forum on the
World Capital of Sustainable Development
(October & December 2003)
Declaration of the creation of the
“World Capital of Sustainable Development”
(9 October 2004)
Discussions at meeting of the Kitakyushu
Committee on “World Capital of
Sustainable Development”
・ Members: 34 (industry/academia/gov’t)
・ Period: March to October 2004
・ Plenary meetings: 4
・Workshops: 10
・ Drafting committee meetings: 4, other
Call for ideas and opinions to create
“World Capital of Sustainable Development”
・Period: April to December 2003
・Received 1000+ submissions
Kitakyushu Committee on
“World Capital of Sustainable Development”
6
Source: Environment Bureau, City of Kitakyushu 7
Separation of Solid Waste for Efficient Resource Circulation:
12 categories and 19 items
748
703 701 698 706 705 706 704 696
609
536 522506
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Resource-circulation
stations for citizens
Separation of resources from domestic waste at home:Economic incentive for
collection bags
Waste generation amount (g/day/capita)
Reduction of Waste
JPY 50 / bag
for disposal JPY 12 / bag for recycling
Resource separation centre
employing handicapped people Kitakyushu Eco-Town
Institutional Arrangement
Infrastructure
Environmental
Economic
SocialCitizen participationSocial welfare
Eco-industryjob opportunities
CO2 reduction
Waste reduction
Other domestic waste
Waste plastic & packaging
Cans &glass bottles
Waste plastic &PET bottles
8
Sustainable Resource Circulation
Local collection of recycled paper
Recovery station for waste paper packaging and traysComposting equipment and
garden using compost fertiliser
Public Participation in Solid Waste Recycling Activities
9
Established: October 1962
Organization:
Regular members: 155
Supporting members: 34 organisations
General members: 70% of residents (700,000 people)
Major Activities
• Management of waste stations
• Guidance and public awareness on waste disposal and separation
• City beautification activities/prevention of illegal dumping
• Activities to create a resource-recycling society
• Activities to create a low-carbon society
Kitakyushu Federation on Health & Sanitation
Comprehensive Eco-Industrial Complex
Hibiki Recycling AreaIndustrial plants: 29
Practical Research AreaPractical research facilities : 16
Practical research projects:56
Kitakyushu Eco-TownFacilitating Resource Circulation and Eco-Industries
Outcome of Projects
Environment: Reduction of environmental impacts: 0.38 million ton CO2
Saves resources and energy
Economy: Investment: JPY 69.5 billionPrivate sector: 71.7% National government: 18.2%; local government:10.1%)
Employees: 1,340 people Visitors: 1.3 million people, including overseas visitors
11
Plastic PET Bottle Recycling Project
Automobile Recycling Project
Office Equipment Recycling Project
Home Appliance Recycling Project
Examples of Recycling Projects in Eco-Town
12
Eco-Town:
23 projects including
Plastic PET bottles
Automobiles
Home appliances
OA equipment
Organic solvent
Fluorescent lamps
Medical equipment
Food waste, other
Fuel: 48,000 ton
Recycling:
368,000 tonnes
CO2 emissions:
102,000 ton
Residue: 9,000 tonnes
Discharge of effluent:3,629,000 tonnes
Electricity: 110,000 MWh
Raw materials:17,000 tonnes
Water: 5,092,000 tonnes
Inp
ut o
f reso
urce
s
Evaporation:1,463,000 tonnes
Disch
arg
e in
to
en
viro
nm
en
tOxygen for burning
Environmental Burden Reduction Effect: 380,000 tonnes of CO2
Estimated CO2 Emissions Reduction by Life Cycle Assessment
CO2 emissions: 129,000 tonnes
(by treatment + by using
resources and energy)
CO2 reduction: 509,000 tonnes
(if using raw materials)
Recycled materials:475,000 tonnes
Generation of electricity: 28,000 MWh
Source: Evaluation based upon Material Flow Data Studied in Kitakyushu City in 2010 13
Households
Kitakyushu
Eco-Town
Private
Enterprises
Separation
Plastic
PET bottlesHome
appliances
Waste paper
Waste clothesResidueOrganic waste
Office
equipmentPlasticcontainers and
packagingGlass &
cans Other waste
to be recycled
Participation & cooperation
Local
Government
Collection & transportation
Recycling &
processing
Manufacturing
Companies
Provides recycled
materials & products
Funding
Supporting
Producers
14
Kitakyushu Eco-Town: Stakeholders
Markets &
Consumers
Green Growth
In industry
Industrialization of Green Policy①Recycling industry②Pollution control
industry③Energy industry, etc.
Greening Industry
①Production process
②Green products, etc.
Energy ConversionCoal →Oil→LNG Renewable Energy
Energy Saving ProcessesNippon Steel: Continuous castingSumitomo Metals: New Separated processNippon Coke: CDQ, etc.
Green ProductsYaskawa Electric: Energy-saving AC driveTOTO: Water-conservation equipment (Eco-Single, etc.)Mitsubishi Chemical: New typed PVNippon Steel: Electrical steel sheetECO PREMIUM, etc.
Recycling Industries: Kitakyushu Eco-TownWest Japan Home Appliance Recycle: Home appliancesWest Japan Automobile Recycle: VehiclesWest Japan PET Bottles Recycle: PET Plastic Bottles, etc.
Pollution Control Equipment IndustriesNippon Steel Kankyo Engineering: Wastewater treatmentShiraishi Iron Works: Desulfurization facilities, etc.
Energy-related IndustriesNS Wind Power Hibiki:Wind powerShibaura:Solar power, etc.
Policies on Green Economy
Cleaner Production
15
Technology and products (eco-products) and services (eco-services) which lead to
the reduction of environmental impacts in the city are certified as “Eco Premiums” by
the Kitakyushu City Government. Environmental activities throughout the city
promote the expansion and integration of Eco Premiums by industries.
Point: Saves energy and resources, maintenance free, etc.
Outcomes: Reduces environmental impacts and increases sales
Green Products and Services (Eco Premium)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009 Year
Improvement of Productivity in Kitakyushu
CO2 emissions per net domestic product: 100 in 1963
16
Example of ECO PREMIUM : Eco Single
TOTO LTD.
TOTO Ltd. offers eco-products that are manufactured
using low-emission production processes.
waterhot
water
With a click
mixture
CO2 Emissions Reduction: 88kg
Cost Savings: JPY 7,700
In comparison with two-handle type faucet
in a family of four.
17
18
About 70% of the CO2 emissions during production stems from the power consumption of motor
drives. Drive efficiency can be improved by introducing inverter control to the motor drive. This
substantially contribute to energy savings and improved profitability as a result of reduced costs.
The cumulative reduction of CO2 emissions achieved by Yaskawa Electric Corporation’s AC
drives is about 300 million tonnes, which is equivalent to about 1% of the annual CO2 emissions of
the entire world. The use of these AC drives contributes to the protection of the global environment.
Yaskawa Electric Corporation contributes to CO2 emissions reduction and green growth globally
by offering green products.
Example of ECO PREMIUM : AC Drive for Energy Saving
YASKAWA Electric Corporation
Green Products being exported for Global Contribution
Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal’s Electrical Steel SheetNippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal produces high-functioning steel in order to help
reduce the weight of automobiles and ships, and achieve higher energy efficiency. This
helps to conserve energy and reduce CO2 emissions.
http://www.nsc.co.jp/eco/warming/product.htmlNippon Steel & Sumitomo MetalEnergy-efficient electromagnetic plate and sheet
World’s Most Energy-Efficient Steel IndustryHigh energy efficiency is a key asset of Kitakyushu’s heavy industry. Japan’s steel
manufacturing industry ranks as the world’s most energy-efficient steel industry. Moving the iron and steel production from Kitakyushu or Japan to another country would likely result in higher CO2 emissions for the same output.
Kitakyushu’s iron and steel industry offers a range of products with advanced energy performance, such as flat rolls, magnetic steel sheets, thin sheets and surface-treated steel sheets. These products represent over 80% of the iron and steel exported from Kitakyushu to China and about 75% of all products shipped.OECD Green Growth Studies: Green Growth in Kitakyushu, Japan, 2013, OECD
19
Development of Human Resources to Achieve Sustainable Development
Accepting international trainees
from developing countries:
150 countries, 7,453 people (as of 31 March 2014)
In collaboration with JICA and
KITA (Kitakyushu International
Techno-cooperative Association)
20
3R & Zero Waste:
UNCRD and
National Governments
Waste Reduction and Resource Circulation in
Surabaya, Indonesia through Environmental Cooperation
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Reduction of Reclaimed
Solid Waste
Environmental pollution at landfill site (Before)
Compost from solid waste
Community-based Composting SystemAn expert from Kitakyushuinstructs participants on the way to make compost.
Outcome: 30% reduction of solid waste landfilled in Surabaya.
Composting expanded to more than 60,000 households, as well as other cities
and countries. 21
Sustainable Society
Your willingness to take action can shape the future
and save the human race and the earth.
We can create a sustainable society together!
For further information, please contact:
Office for International Environmental Strategies
City of Kitakyushu
E-mail: [email protected]
22