Presented byLuke Cheng, Regional Vice President – Asia Pacific,

Citilabs Inc.Formerly MTA Transportation Planning Manager

Building a Multimodal Comprehensive Truck/Freight Modeling for Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

MTA’S ROLES

2,660 buses (as of Sep. 04)

73 miles of Metro Rail service

423 lane-miles of HOV lane

Commuter rail, transit, highways, arterial streets, bikeways, pedestrian connections, and demand reduction strategies.

Transit Operator/Infrastructure Builder:

Countywide Planning/Programming:Countywide Planning/Programming:

Southern California’s Freight Infrastructure

POLA/POLB – 1st & 2nd among all US Container Ports, 35% of all waterborne cargo, 11.8M TEU in 2003, 3rd in the world if combined.

LAX – 3rd in the nation, 6th in the world in cargo volume (1.8M tons in 2003)

UP & BNSF – Class I R/R, with 6 intermodal terminals (Hobart Yard, the largest, handled over 1.0M lift a year)

8900 – Lane-Miles of Freeways (many sections carrying over 20K trucks daily)

15000 – Miles of Major Arterials

Southern California’s Population will grow 22%: 2000-2020

In the mean time, freight movement will grow :

FUTURE GROWTH TRENDS

16.718.9

21.5

2000 2010 20200

5

10

15

20

25

Millions

91

319

2.2

309

527

8.90

100

200

300

400

500

600

Rail Truck Air

1995

2020

240%Increase

65%Increase

304%Increase

Mil

lio

ns

of

To

ns

Source: Southern California Association of GovernmentsSource: California Dept. of Finance

2001 LONG RANG TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Identified as an important issue

Need clearly defined strategy to accommodate anticipated freight growth

Take proactive role in working with all private and public stakeholders to develop solutions

On Freight/Truck Movement -

NEED BETTER FREIGHT PLANNING TOOLS Traditional Travel Demand Model is for

forecasting passenger traffic, not suitable for modeling freight/truck traffic

Freight/truck traffic occupies a substantial share of infrastructure capacity

Actual freight / truck movement data is required to build a good freight/truck model

Planners need better understanding and knowledge of how and why freight / truck move

MTA’S GOAL

Develop an

Innovative

Multimodal

Comprehensive

Truck/Freight Movement Model

TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING

Movement To/From Sea Ports

Movement To/From Airports

All Non-Port/Airport Related Movement

Warehouse/Distribution center

Local delivery truck trips

Service oriented truck trips

Why Truck/Freight? --- Not all trucks are carrying freight and not all freight is on truck.

MODEL FRAMEWORK

(Overlap)

Non Port/Airport Sub Model

• • •

• • •

• • •

Port/Airport Sub Model

Sea Port

POLA

POLB

Airport

LAX

ONT

ExternalCordon

Intermodal Rail Yard

ICTF

Hobart

Industry

E. LA

SanBernardino

Rail

Highway

Warehouse/DCSub-model No. 1

Sub-model No. 2

Sub-model No. 3

Sub-model No. N

LTL Terminal

Manufacturer

Retailer

GasolineDistributor

FedEx/UPS

Ready MixedConcrete

??????

Multimodal Comprehensive Truck/Freight Model

MODEL CHARACTERISTICS

Comparatively Simpler Limited number of trip generators (ports, airports, rail intermodal yards) Out-of-region O/D => External cordon stations of regional highway/rail networks

Past effort have dealt with – POLA/LB Transportation Study SCAG Truck Count Study Airport Master Plan, …

Beyond Warehouse/DC – Unknown

Port/Airport Related Movement:

More Complex

numerous origins & destinations

multiple distinct types of operation:

LTL, TL, local delivery, construction

related, service oriented, …

Has not been analyzed systematically to date

Also involve Warehouse/DC

Non-Port/Airport Related Movement:

MODEL CHARACTERISTICS

One-stop reference for all truck/freight related Information for the Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area’ –

Major freight transportation facility

Freight Movement data (CFS, ITMS,…)

Truck trip generators (trucking industry, warehousing/DC)

Universe of trucks (DMV, type, size, GVW)

Truck traffic (counts, surveys, studies)

Truck involved accidents

COMPENDIUM OF TRUCK/FREIGHT INFORMATION

Objectives: To provide planners knowledge and

understanding of domestic truck/freight movements;

To develop a model framework for modeling domestic truck/freight movements; and

To recommend an approach for constructing a domestic truck/freight movement model

TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING FRAMEWORK AND PREPARATION

TRUCKING FUNDAMENTALS Trucks come in a multitude of sizes and types Most classifications or descriptions of trucks are created

for specific purposes, often regulatory

FREIGHT FUNDAMENTALS Freight and service trucking are derived

demands– Demand for freight transportation is derived from the

requirement of shippers and receivers to move goods from where they are to where they are needed

– Demand for service trucking is derived from the customer’s service requirements

LOCAL TRUCKING

Local trucking accounts for most truck movements – not the long haul segment

Operations have three basic patterns – radial, peddle and multi-leg

Exhibit C –Multi-leg Operations Pattern

BASE

Origin #1 & #6Destination #1

Destination #4

Destination #2

Destination #3

Destination #5

Origin #5

Origin #4

Origins

Origin #2

Trip #1

Trip #6 (for relay at base)

Trip #4

Trip #5

Trip #3

Trip #2

Destinations

loaded

empty

Exhibit C –Multi-leg Operations Pattern

BASE

Origin #1 & #6Destination #1

Destination #4

Destination #2

Destination #3

Destination #5

Origin #5

Origin #4

Origins

Origin #2

Trip #1

Trip #6 (for relay at base)

Trip #4

Trip #5

Trip #3

Trip #2

Destinations

loaded

empty

RADIALRADIAL

PEDDLEPEDDLE

MULTI-LEGMULTI-LEG

SERVICE TRUCKING FUNDAMENTALS

Service trucking is the movement of a truck for the purpose of performing a service function (maintenance, utility work, etc).

Rarely has it been considered in planning or modeling efforts

74% of the Los Angeles metro area “truck” population is used in business or personal services– Most vehicles are small Class 1 or 2 pickups, SUVs, and

vans (GVW 10,000 lbs or less) often ignored in truck models

– Services accounts for a significant portion of medium-duty vehicles

Service providers make their money by stopping while freight haulers are paid to move

TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING METHODS

State-of-the-practice: Link-based factoring Origin-Destination factoring 3-step freight truck models 4-step commodity models Economic activity models (Oregon) Hybrid (commodity and truck both) models

(SCAG HDT)

State-of-the-art: Logistics chain models (The Netherlands) Tour-based models (Calgary)

RECOMMENDED HYBRID MODEL FRAMEWORK

A Hybrid Model combining: Logistics chain models for agriculture

products, petroleum and coal, forestry, mining,…

Tour-based models for textile, apparel, electronics and appliance, furniture,…, and services

LOGISTICS BASED MODEL COMPONENT Focus on how shipments move from producer to

consumer Include mode choice decisions Three layers: economic, logistics and transport 38% of local commodities is eligible for this approach Four illustrative logistics chains are:

Focus on linking a series of legs and trips into a single tour

Can be used for truck trips not more accurately described by logistic models

A series of disaggregate logit models No mode choice is involved

TOUR BASED MODEL COMPONENT

IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH

Phase I – Prototype Logistics-chain and Tour-based model for one industry

Phase II – Remaining industries and model validation.

Why Cube Cargo? Cube Cargo is the only modeling software

available to date that is specifically developed to simulate regional and urban truck/freight movements;

Successfully applied in over 20 studies in 10 European nations including Germany, France, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Greece and Italy;

Multimodal - It treats truck and rail separately; Beyond HDT - It models local delivery, service

truck trips and tour-based trips; Contained Logistic Chain and Tour Based Concept Cube Cargo is a module of Cube system, a family

of travel demand modeling software, which integrates modeling of automobiles, transit and truck/freight in one system.

INTERIM CUBE CARGO MODEL

A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM

Microsimulation

Air Quality

Passenger Freight

place

product

Land Use

price

promotion

targetmarket

CubeDynasim

Cube Polar

Cube VoyagerCube Cargo

ArcGIS

ArcGIS

Cube Land

ArcGIS

ArcGIS

CubeBase

Cube Base:

•ArcGIS

•Viper

•GIS Tools

•Model Building Tools

•Scenario Management Tools

TP+

TRIPS

TRANPLAN

CUBE CARGO AND Cube DYNASIM MODEL

1. A preliminary multi-modal truck/freight model

2. PC Tranplan/Cube Voyager format of MTA passenger model

3. GIS based highway and transit networks

4. A preliminary micro-simulation of the I-710 between I-5 and Bandini/Atlantic interchange

Win-Win = Balance of Mobility for People and Freight

Luke Cheng’s E-mail address: LCHENG@CITILABS.COM