67
HRET Readmissions Race HRET Readmissions Race Connecticut Workshop Building a Care Transitions Team April 3 2013 April 3, 2013

Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

HRET Readmissions RaceHRET Readmissions RaceConnecticut Workshop  p

Building a Care Transitions TeamApril 3 2013April 3, 2013

Page 2: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions PartnershipNetwork Care Transitions Partnership  

• The AHA/Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET)The AHA/Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET) Hospital Engagement Network (HEN), has subcontracted with the Connecticut Hospital Association as a partner and provided funding for this workshop to help hospitals improve care transitions.Ai f th d• Aims for the day: Review current performance of Connecticut hospitals Review public policy on Value Based Purchasing Review public policy on Value Based Purchasing  Learn challenges facing patients, families, and providers Teach strategies based on evidence and experienceg p Encourage interdisciplinary, inter‐provider collaboration

2

Page 3: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Partnership for Patients (PfP)Partnership for Patients (PfP)Partnership for Patients (PfP)Partnership for Patients (PfP)

C t d i PPACA h lth f l C t f• Created in PPACA health reform law: Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI—Sec.   1907 of House bill; Sec 3021 of Senate bill)1907 of House bill; Sec. 3021 of Senate bill)

• PPACA provides $1 Billion/year to “to test innovative payment and service delivery models to o at e pay e t a d se ce de e y ode s toreduce program expenditures under the applicable titles while preserving or enhancing the quality ofcare furnished to individuals under such titles.”

• 26 HENs in the U.S. are a key part of the PfP

3

Page 4: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

What Does Our HEN Look Like?What Does Our HEN Look Like?31 States     1,548 hospitals31 States     1,548 hospitals

4

Page 5: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Hospitals in the HRET HENHospitals in the HRET HENHospitals in the HRET HENHospitals in the HRET HEN

5

Page 6: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

National Needs Assessment: What Assistance do Hospitals Want Most?What Assistance do Hospitals Want Most?

6

Page 7: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

“Slower Growth of Health Costs Eases Budget Deficit”g

The New York Times, Feb 11, 2013  By Annie Lowrey

• “In figures released last week, the Congressional Budget Office said it had erased hundreds of billions of dollars in projected spending on Medicare and M di id Th b d t ffi j t th tMedicaid.  The budget office now projects that spending on those two programs in 2020 will be about $200 billion, or 15 percent, less than it projected three$200 billion, or 15 percent, less than it projected three years ago. New data also show overall health care spending growth continuing at the lowest rate in decades for a fourth consecutive year…. there is a growing consensus that changes in how doctors and hospitals deliver health care as opposed to merely ahospitals deliver health care — as opposed to merely a weak economy — are playing a role.”

7

Page 8: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Your Care Transitions I t F ltImprovement  Faculty

Connecticut innovators, and national resources:Connecticut innovators, and national resources: Lead facilitator: Matthew Schreiber, M.D.

Combined Internal Medicine/Pediatrics training at UCSD Primary Care MD in rural setting hospitalist at small and large Primary Care MD in rural setting, hospitalist at small and large 

facilities CMO at 500 bed hospital, VP Safety for 1100 bed system in Atlanta

Carrie Brady JD former CHA VP for quality; Planetree VP; Carrie Brady, JD, former CHA VP for quality; Planetree VP; part of the original HCAHPS  development project; lead faculty for national HCAHPS Patient Safety Learning y y gNetwork (PSLN).

David Schulke, VP research programs at HRET, Project Di t f ti l HCAHPS PSLN b kDirector for national HCAHPS PSLN; began work on readmissions in 1984, now part of HEN team. 

8

Page 9: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Matt Schreiber: DisclosuresMatt Schreiber: Disclosures

• I am supported by HRET for my time

• I have no financial relationships with industry or research partners

9

Page 10: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Evidence of RealityEvidence of Reality• One in five general medicine patients experiences an adverse event  (resulting          from medical management) within two weeks f h it l di hof hospital discharge

• 66% of these events are adverse drug events• 17% are related to procedures

– 33% of these events lead to disability– Two‐thirds of these events are preventable or ameliorable

The Incidence and Severity of Adverse Events Affecting Patients after Discharge from the Hospital Forster AJThe Incidence and Severity of Adverse Events Affecting Patients after Discharge from the Hospital. Forster AJ. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:161‐167

10

Page 11: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Barriers to Safe Dischargesg

• Health (Il)Literacy: Nearly half of adults have trouble• Health (Il)Literacy: Nearly half of adults have trouble understanding simple health information (procedure consent, prescriptions, oral instructions) 

Vastag B Low health literacy called a major problem. JAMA May 12Vastag, B. Low health literacy called a major problem. JAMA. May 12 2004;291(18):2181‐82 

• Less than half of patients discharged from academic general medicine know their diagnoses, treatment plan or side effects of prescribed medications

Powell, CK. Resident recognition of low literacy as a risk factor in hospital readmission. JGIM 20(11):1042‐4, 2005 Nov. 

• Post‐hospitalization patients typically identified multiplePost hospitalization patients typically identified multiple concerns including understanding their progress, activity, insurance, medications, and pain control

Makaryus, AN. Patients’ Understanding of Their Treatment Plans and diagnosis at y , g gdischarge. Mayo Clin Proc. August 2005;80(8):991‐994

11

Page 12: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

It’s a Process ThingIt s a Process Thing

• Forster et al., using a survey of patient recollection of the , g y f p fdischarge preparations among 400 discharged patients showed that discussion of potential side effects was associated with a reduction in frequency of adverse drugassociated with a reduction in frequency of adverse drug events (adjusted OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.2 to 0.7]). There was no evidence that these discussions increased the likelihood of reported side effects. Unfortunately, only 62% of patients could recall having been told about potential medication side effects at time of discharge.ff f g

The Incidence and Severity of Adverse Events Affecting Patients after Discharge from the Hospital Forster AJ Ann Intern Med 2003;138:161‐167Discharge from the Hospital. Forster AJ. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:161 167

12

Page 13: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Typical Discharge Processyp g

• *Complex process involving multiple disciplines* h b l h l h f• *Discharges can be urgent & unplanned with pressure to cut length of stay 

• *Time constraints on clinicians who educate, prepare patients for transition• Poor Communication with PCPs:

Di t i ti b t h it l h i i d i h i i d• Direct communication between hospital physicians and primary care physicians occurred infrequently (3%‐20%).

• availability of a discharge summary at the first post‐discharge visit was low (12%‐34)• Discharge summaries often lacked important information such as diagnostic test results 

( i i f 33% 63%) t t t h it l (7% 22%) di h di ti (2%(missing from 33%‐63%), treatment or hospital course (7%‐22%), discharge medications (2%‐40%), test results pending at discharge (65%), patient or family counseling (90%‐92%), and follow‐up plans (2%‐43)

Kripalani S, LeFevre F, Phillips CO, Williams MV, Basaviah P, Baker DW. Deficits in communication and information transfer between hospital‐based and primary care physicians: implications for patientinformation transfer between hospital‐based and primary care physicians: implications for patient safety and continuity of care. JAMA 2007; 297:831‐41.

• *Unsafe discharges are an under‐recognized significant issue that has heretofore received almost no attention from health care providers

*Lost in Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for Improving the Quality of Transitional Care.  Coleman EA. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:533

13

Page 14: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

The Space Between Hospital Care the Next Providerthe Next Provider

Pending test results:g• Many patients (41%) are discharged with test results still pending. 

• Many of these results (10%) can change management• Physicians are often (61%) unaware of test results returning after discharge that may change managementreturning after discharge that may change management

Roy, CL. Patient Safety Concerns Arising from Test Results That Return after Hospital Discharge. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:121‐128.

• Poor communication between hospital and ambulatoryPoor communication between hospital and ambulatory providers

Coleman, EA. Lost in Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for Improving the Quality of Transitional Care. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:533

14

Page 15: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Not My Father’s MedicineNot My Father s Medicine• Patients need to be sicker than ever to get into the hospital• Hospital lengths of stay are getting shorter• Patients are not well when they are discharged—they are 

“well enough ”well enough. . . .• Patient understanding and participation is key to successful 

health maintenance• As a general rule, “case management” and education are not 

recognized by the reimbursement system• Increasing sub‐specialization of care and fewer “general c eas g sub spec a at o o ca e a d e e ge e a

practitioners” available—especially for the Medicare population

• Dichotomy between inpatient and outpatient care provision• Dichotomy between inpatient and outpatient care provision

15

Page 16: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

My FamilyMy Family

16

Page 17: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

The Big Picture

• The cost of readmissions to Medicare was as high asThe cost of readmissions to Medicare was as high as $17.4 B in 2004

Medicare & Medicaid statistical supplement. Baltimore: Centers for Medicare & MedicaidServices 2007Services, 2007.

• 195,000 people in the USA died due to potentially preventable, in‐hospital medical errors in each of the years 2000, 2001 and 2002, according to 

HealthGrades.  Health Grades Quality Study. Patient Safety In American Hospitals. July 2004.

• If the CDC’s annual list of leading causes of death included medical errors, it would show up as number six ahead of diabetes pneumoniait would show up as number six, ahead of diabetes, pneumonia, Alzheimer's disease and renal disease 

• Preventable readmissions are seen as medical mistakes by the ygovernment and by the public

17

Page 18: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Good Reasons to Work on C T itiCare Transitions

• Patient SafetyPatient Safety• Good Quality Clinical Care

bli• Improves Public Trust• Financial [penalty]• It is precisely the work you came to health care to do

18

Page 19: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Results: Two Years of Readmission Work Across 40 Beds at Piedmont HospitalAcross 40 Beds at Piedmont Hospital

Volume CMI LOS Readmit  Mortality Rate Rate

Before  1088 1.26 5.34 13% 0.46 %<70After < 70

3103 1.48 5.58 7% 0.64%< 70

Before /

434 1.30 5.93 15.9% 1.84%>/=70After >/= 70

1526 1.49 6.13 8.7% 1.9%>/= 70

19

Page 20: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

What I KnowWhat I Know

• Your Front‐Line Staff isn’t the barrier to reducingYour Front Line Staff isn t the barrier to reducing readmissions—This is a leadership issue and you are the leadership

• You aren’t the ones that are going to come up with the ideas that change the world—that’s going to come from the people that do the work.

• Genius tends to be elegant• Don’t succumb to analysis paralysis• Innovation is successful implementation

20

Page 21: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Traditional Energy of Change Pyramid

New Behavior• Doing the new behavior New Doing the new behavior• Monitoring if the new behavior is being done [correctly]• Patient Experience related to new behavior

New Behavior

Data Analysis• Baseline data results• Squabbling over validity of pre-post data

Explanations of how the data does not tell theData Analysis

• Explanations of how the data does not tell the“real story”

Preparing to ChangePreparing to Change• Brainstorming Ideas to Change• Assessment of Current State• Dashboard of Metrics

Preparing to Change

.21

Page 22: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Flipsides of the Same CoinFlipsides of the Same Coin

• Length of Stay [LOS] and Readmissions are intimatelyLength of Stay [LOS] and Readmissions are intimately related

• You can’t have great success with one without also gfocusing on the other

• LOS represents an accepted metric associated with p psubstantial financial value

• Readmissions is the quality/safety counterbalance• Quality/Safety is the product made by the process of operations

22

Page 23: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

$50 White Board with the $1 Million Impact

• Main Whiteboard in RN Station

Rm# Name Transitions DOA LOS* Age Dx PCP Symbols

• Pt Room Whiteboard

Day/Date RN for shiftand station #

Charge RN Name

How to Call into RM

Key FamContact and #

IMS MD/# ConsultingMDs

How to Call Dietary

Plans for Day: Dx, tests, results

Dispo info

PCP name & f/uresults & f/u

23

Page 24: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Evidence‐based Change Packages

• Five change packages (bundles of interventions) g p g ( )have been shown to work in controlled trials—1) Coleman’s Care Transitions Intervention2) Jack’s Reengineered Hospital Discharge (Project RED)2) Jack s Reengineered Hospital Discharge (Project RED)3) Evans’ early, systematic discharge planning4) Koehler’s pharmacist patient education, medication p p

reconciliation, phone follow‐up5) Naylor’s Transitional Care Model

• Individual parts of these change packages have not• Individual parts of these change packages have not yet been proven to work by themselves—to increase likelihood of a beneficial effect, implement th h l b dlthe whole bundle 

(Source: Hansen et al, Ann Intern Med. Oct 2011;155:520‐528)

24

Page 25: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

STAAR InitiativeSTate Action on Avoidable Rehospitalizations

1. Measure all‐cause 30‐day readmission rates

2. Form a cross‐continuum2. Form a cross continuum team

3. Cross‐continuum team i th l it di lreviews the longitudinal 

experience of 5 recently readmitted patients

http://www.patientcarelink.org/Improving‐Patient‐Care/ReAdmissions/STate‐Action‐on‐Avoidable‐Rehospitalizations‐Initiative‐on‐Avoidable‐Rehospitalizations‐Initiative‐STAAR.aspxSource: Amy E. Boutwell, MD, MPP

Co‐Founder, STAAR Initiative 25

Page 26: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Better Outcomes for Older adults through Safe Transitions (BOOST)

26

Page 27: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Drivers of Success:Key Elements of Proven and Promising ModelsKey Elements of Proven and Promising Models

• This Workshop focuses on these practical priorities:• This Workshop focuses on these practical priorities: Build effective teams inside the hospital and between the hospital and other providers, “transparent” relationships

Hospital takes responsibility for the “accountability moment” Data Development and Tracking Medication Reconciliation—Issues and Solutions Patient Friendly Discharge Form/TeachbackS i U P Di h A i Setting Up Post‐Discharge Appointments

72 hr clinical follow up calls to patients after discharge Risk Identification Process triggering prescribed responses Risk Identification Process triggering prescribed responses

27

Page 28: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Carrie Brady: DisclosuresCarrie Brady: Disclosures

• I am supported by HRET for serving as faculty to the HCAHPS Patient Safety Learningto the HCAHPS Patient Safety Learning Network

• I am a periodic consultant to ExperiaHealth, a division of Vocera Communications

28

Page 29: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Using HCAHPS As A Tool for R d i R d i iReducing Readmissions

( )• Previously two domains (5 questions) re: Communication about Medications and Discharge Information 

• Recent addition of 3 new questions on care transitions:Recent addition of 3 new questions on care transitions:  “During this hospital stay, staff took my preferences and those of my 

family or caregiver into account in deciding what my health care needs would be when I left.“

“When I left the hospital, I had a good understanding of the things I was responsible for in managing my health.”

“When I left the hospital, I clearly understood the purpose for taking each of my medications.”

Now approximately 1/3 of substantive HCAHPS questions focus on medication and transitions of carefocus on medication and transitions of care

29

Page 30: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Effective Communication with Patients is key in Reducing Both Readmissions and VBP Penalties

Top HCAHPS Priorities of over 600 hospitals

Reducing Both Readmissions and VBP Penalties

Top HCAHPS Priorities of over 600 hospitals participating in AHRQ/HRET Learning Networks:

1. RN Communication2. Responsiveness3. Medication Communication4 Discharge Information4. Discharge Information

Your hospital gets HCAHPS patient feedback data from your vendor constantly on these issues Does youryour vendor constantly on these issues.  Does your hospital’s care transitions team see these data?  Do you meet with your HCAHPS team to share information?y

30

Page 31: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Breakdowns in Drug Therapy Lead to Readmissions in a Chronically Ill PopulationReadmissions in a Chronically Ill Population 

• 2002 ADHERE registry: 80% of CHF admissions are2002 ADHERE registry: 80% of CHF admissions are repeat admissions 20% in one month;  50% in 6 months

• Why? 24% Medication non adherence 24% Medication non‐adherence 16% Inappropriate medication 24% dietary non‐adherence 19% failure to obtain timely care (e.g., report weight gain)

17% all other 17% all otherSource: Aghababian RV.  Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2002; 3(suppl 4):S3‐S9.

31

Page 32: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Breakdowns in Drug Therapy in a Chronically Ill Population PersistChronically Ill Population Persist

• Study of 100 consecutive readmitted HF patients atStudy of 100 consecutive readmitted HF patients at urban medical center

• Major causes for readmission:j No outpatient follow up 33%  Medication noncompliance 25% Medication noncompliance 25% Fluid noncompliance 22%.  Diet noncompliance 21% Diet noncompliance 21%,  “Other causes had minor contributions”

(Source: Ghali et al, JACC, March 2010)32

Page 33: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Drug Therapy, Poor Hospital‐PCP Coordination Li k d ith R d i iLinked with Readmissions

• Study of 998 patients admitted with HF to an• Study of 998 patients admitted with HF to an urban academic center

• 72% of patients reporting non‐adherence to their72% of patients reporting non adherence to their medications were readmitted in the year post discharge vs. 29% of adherent patients

• Non‐adherent patients were 1.7 times more likely to be readmitted ≥ 3 times in the year post discharge

(Source: Shenoy et al JACC March 2012)(Source: Shenoy et al, JACC, March 2012)

33

Page 34: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Connecticut vs Benchmark Hospitals: Patients Given Information About Recovery at HomeGiven Information About Recovery at Home

34

Page 35: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Connecticut vs Benchmark Hospitals: M di i C i i i h P iMedication Communication with Patients

35

Page 36: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

• “Higher patient satisfaction with inpatient care and discharge planning is associated withand discharge planning is associated with lower 30‐day readmission rates even after controlling for hospital adherence to evidencecontrolling for hospital adherence to evidence‐based practice guidelines.”

f• For some conditions, HCAHPS performance is more predictive of readmission rates than l l fclinical performance measures

Source: Am J Manag Care. 2011; 17(1): 41‐48.36

Page 37: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Increasing Relative Importance of HCAHPS f V l B d P h ifor Value‐Based Purchasing

VBP FY 2014VBP FY 2014 

30%25%

45%

Page 38: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

2013 CMS Value‐Based P h iPurchasing

Overall Rating Discharge Info Consistency 

/

Pain Management3%

Overall Rating3% 3% (based on lowest 

HCAHPS score)

6%

30%Commun re: Meds

Responsiveness3%

Clean/Quiet3%

30% HCAHPS

RN Communication3%

Commun re: Meds3%

Clinical Measures70%

MD Communication3%

38

Page 39: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

• Summary of evidence from 55 studies• Positive associations between patient experience p pand—– Health outcomes (objectively measured and self‐rated)Adh d d di i d– Adherence to recommended medication and treatment

– Preventive care– Health‐care resource useHealth care resource use– Quality and safety of care

Source: BMJ Open 2013;3:e001570 (available online at no charge at 

39

http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001570.full)

Page 40: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

HRET‐CHA Connecticut R d i i R W k hReadmissions Race Workshop

BREAKBREAK

40

Page 41: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

HRET Connecticut R d i i R W k hReadmissions Race Workshop

di i ili iMedication ReconciliationThe Importance of Getting Hospital and Community Pharmacists on the Team

41

Page 42: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Who? What? Where? When? How?

• There are certain points of care where medication errors occur more frequentlyq y

• Approximately 60% of errors occur when d d f d hpatients are admitted, transferred to another 

unit or discharged.Rozich JD, Resar RK. Medication Safety: One Organization’s Approach to the Challenge. J Clin Outcomes Manag. 2001; 8:27‐34.

42

Page 43: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Admission Med RecAdmission Med Rec

22% f Di i ld h lt d i ti t• 22% of Discrepancies could have resulted in patient harm during their hospitalization.

59% f Di i ld h lt d i ti t• 59% of Discrepancies could have resulted in patient harm if the discrepancy had continued as ordered after dischargeafter discharge.

• 27% of ALL prescribing errors that occur in the hospital result from incomplete medication historieshospital result from incomplete medication histories at the time of admission. 

Sullivan C, Gleason KM, et al. Medication Reconciliation in the Acute Care Setting: Opportunity , , g pp yand Challenge for Nursing. J Nurs Care Qual 2005 Vol 20, No2: 95‐98

43

Page 44: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Summary of the Literature: Hospital Medication ReconciliationMedication Reconciliation

d h d• Errors in inpatient prescription medication histories occurred in up to 67% of all cases [on admission]

• Up to 60% had at least one omission error, about 20% had anUp to 60% had at least one omission error, about 20% had an error of commission (addition of a drug not used pre‐admit)

• When non‐prescription drugs were included in reconciliations, the error rate was as high as 80s%

• When info regarding drug allergies or prior adverse drug reactions were added the frequency of errors reached as highreactions were added, the frequency of errors reached as high as 95%

44

Page 45: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Reinventing the WheelReinventing the Wheel

• 160 patients admitted to 6N were reviewed by a160 patients admitted to 6N were reviewed by a pharmacist within 24 hrs of admission

• 95% of the patient med lists had been entered by an p yRN, MD, or PA

• 60% of these lists were completed in the ERp• Average of 26 min per patient by pharmacist [17 min if pharmacist was first person to touch the MRR]

• Total of 1153 Meds were reviewed• 478 of these were entered correctly [41% accurate]y

45

Page 46: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

My Own BackyardMy Own Backyard

• 678/1153 [59%] were either omitted or678/1153 [59%] were either omitted or incorrect

• 306 Meds were Omitted [45% of errors]• 306 Meds were Omitted [45% of errors]• 92 incorrect doses [14% of errors]• 83 incorrect frequencies [12%]• 43 Incorrect Drugs [6%]g [ ]• 154 Other Errors [23%]—incomplete, wrong dosage form etcdosage form, etc.

46

Page 47: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

My Own Backyard

• 89% of Medication Reconciliations At Piedmont Hospital89% of Medication Reconciliations At Piedmont Hospital had at least one Error

• 100% of patients with more than 5 Meds had an error• Average # of discrepancies between pharmacist and MD 

MRR was 5.21• The Error rate did not change significantly if the MRR was 

reviewed either before OR after the MD had reconciled and ordered the patient’s medicationsordered the patient s medications

• Approx 20% of discovered errors had already reached the patient by time of pharmacist’s review (done within 24hrs)

47

Page 48: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

The Importance of h dDischarge Med Rec

Forster et al found that antibiotics were the most fcommon drugs causing adverse events defined as injury resulting from medical management rather than the underlying diseaseunderlying disease. 

Antibiotics accounted for 38% of adverse events whileAntibiotics accounted for 38% of adverse events, while corticosteroids accounted for 16%, cardiovascular drugs 14%, analgesics including opiates 10%, and anticoagulants 8%. Forster AJ. The Incidence and Severity of Adverse Events Affecting Patients after Discharge from the Hospital Ann Intern Med 2003;138:161 167Hospital. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:161‐167

48

Page 49: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Part II – The Importance of Di h M di ti R ili tiDischarge Medication Reconciliation

Coleman et al found that hospital readmission rates for patients with identified medicationrates for patients with identified medication discrepancies were 14.3% among the 375 study patients This contrasted with a 6 1%patients.  This contrasted with a 6.1% readmission rate among patients with no identified medication discrepancyidentified medication discrepancy. Coleman EA, Smith JD, Raha D, Min SJ. Posthospital medication discrepancies:

prevalence and contributing factors. Arch Intern Med. Sep 12 2005;165(16):1842‐1847.

49

Page 50: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Real Patient Examplep

Patient Actually Taking• Dilantin 300 mg po qhs

Entered on Med Rec Form• Omitted

• Dilantin 125 mg suspension po BID

• Omitted

• Acyclovir/Viroptic Eye drops

• Omitted

• Warfarin• Lovenox

• Omitted• Omitted

50

Page 51: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Real Patient Examplep

Patient Actually Taking Coreg 25 mg po BID

Entered on Med Rec Form Coreg 6.25 mg po BID

Primidone 100 mg poTID

Primidone 50 mg po TID

Metformin 500 mg podaily

Metformin 500 mg poBID

Verapamil ER 360 mg podaily

Verapamil 80 mg po BID

51

Page 52: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

No Reason to Change?No Reason to Change?

The Only Problem with My Patient Care is My PatientsPatient Care is My Patients

52

Page 53: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

The Outpatient Environmentp

• In the outpatient setting a study that compared med rec lists from 90 pts• In the outpatient setting, a study that compared med rec lists from 90 ptscompleted in the traditional clinic manner with independent pharmacist interview. Only 14.4% of the physician/patient med recs demonstrated complete congruence.

• There were 296 errors 70% of which were considered “potentially significant”

• The mean number of errors per pt was 3.0 +/‐ 2.7 and the most common types of errors were omitted prescriptions, omitted OTC medications, or incorrect directions.

Peyton, Lauren. Evaluation of medication reconciliation in an ambulatory setting before and after pharmacist intervention. J Am Pharm Assoc. Aug 2010;50:490–495.

d i 10 1331/JAPhA 2010 09055doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09055

53

Page 54: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

A Little Help Please?A Little Help Please?

Schnipper et al showed in a randomized trial of 178 patients being discharged home from the general medicine service that pharmacist counseling reduced the number of preventable adverse drug events from 11% in the control group to 1% in thefrom 11% in the control group to 1% in the intervention group.

• Schnipper JL, Kirwin JL, Cotugno MC, et al. Role of pharmacist counseling in preventing adverse drug events after hospitalization. Arch Intern Med. Mar 13 2006;166(5):565‐571.; ( )

54 54

Page 55: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

An Excellent Place to BeginAn Excellent Place to Begin• Studies Show That Pharmacist‐Recorded Medication 

Histories Result in Higher Accuracy and Fewer Medical Errors.– Gleason KM Groszek JM Sullivan C et al Reconciliation of Discrepancies inGleason KM, Groszek JM, Sullivan C, et al. Reconciliation of Discrepancies in 

Medication Histories and Admission Orders of Newly Hospitalized Patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004;61:1689‐1695.

– Bond CA, Raehl CL, Franke T. Clinical Pharmacy Services, Hospital Pharmacy ff d d d l h hStaffing and Medication Errors in United States Hospitals. Pharmacotherapy.

2002; 22:134‐147.– Nester TM, Hale LS.  Effectiveness of a pharmacist‐acquired Medication 

History in Promoting Patient Safety. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002;59:2221‐25.y g y y ;

• Yet, pharmacists conduct the medication history only 5% of the time in most US hospitals.– Bond CA, Raehl CL, Franke T. Clinical Pharmacy Services, Hospital Pharmacy 

Staffing and Medication Errors in United States Hospitals. Pharmacotherapy. 2002; 22:134‐147.

5555

Page 56: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Benefits of Bedside Delivery f M di ti B f Di hof Medications Before Discharge

• Ensures patients are actually able to receive their medications. Prior authorization Exorbitant co‐pays Exorbitant co pays Unusual drug not routinely on shelf‐stock

• Provides opportunities to reduce cost to patient Can ensure most preferred tier in class of drug selected Can access prescription savings/co‐pay assistance from 

vendor/partners $6,389 prescription savings with co‐pay assistance and coupons. 

For 369 pts that received a total of 921 prescriptions through Walgreen’s bedside delivery in July 2011

• Patient Satisfier/High Touch Experience

56

Page 57: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

HRET Connecticut Readmissions Race Workshop

Getting Financial Leaders on the Team

57

Page 58: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Talking to the C‐SuiteTalking to the C Suite

• Five Minutes of FameFive Minutes of Fame• CEOs will only attend to 2 slides

i h lid /h d• Print the slides/handout• You have to speak their language• Connect to Work Already Happening• Must address quality and cost at the sameMust address quality and cost at the same time and be prepared to present an ROI that the CFO will believethe CFO will believe

58

Page 59: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Talking the TalkTalking the Talk

• Buckets of MoneyBuckets of Money• Length of Stay• Creation of Virtual Capacity and Cost Avoidancep y• Cost Reductions• Revenue through Higher accuracy DRG Documentation—per case and higher blended rate with higher CMI

• Mortality Reduction• Mortality Reduction• Reduced Turnover/Recruitment• Patient, Physician and Staff Satisfaction, y

59

Page 60: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Generating Productive Teamsg

The Only Problem with MY Department is YOUR Department

60

Page 61: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Hospitalist Ward O i tiOrganization

• Have you ever thought the world would be a better place if• Have you ever thought the world would be a better place if only everyone would let you call the shots?

• Have you ever thought why am I doing job x when person y is really expert in that? Or why is person y doing what I couldreally expert in that?  Or why is person y doing what I could really do best?

• Have you ever had the experience that no one completed the task that was everyone’s job?task that was everyone s job?

• Have you ever found out the hard way that no one was responsible for something important?

• Have you ever felt that the patient was getting in the way of• Have you ever felt that the patient was getting in the way of our care process?

• Have you ever felt the rhetorical questions would never end?

61

Page 62: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Setting the Tone

• We’re not making incremental change, we’re redesigning the care i f th ti t’ tiexperience from the patient’s perspective

• You have to try something 7 times before you decide you don’t like it

• Roles not Ranks• Can only say what you can contribute to the solution, no matter 

h ll h i h bhow small that might be• Weekly mtgs to ask what’s going well, who should be recognized, 

what are the barriers, homework follow up, p• Accountability belongs to all of us• Homework should flow uphill• No IT requests

62

Page 63: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

HRET Connecticut Readmissions Race Workshop

Getting your people and community‐based providers on the team

63

Page 64: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Perfect Partners in an I f t W ldImperfect World

• 90% of health care is delivered in the90% of health care is delivered in the ambulatory environment, but the accountability moment is in the hospitalaccountability moment is in the hospital

• Maximize the value of the captive audience when you have itwhen you have it

• It’s not about where you are today, it’s about h f hthe rate of change.

64

Page 65: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

The Real Deal

• Home Health is both over and under‐utilized at theHome Health is both over and under utilized at the same time

• Find the landmines by developing relationships y p g pwhose continuation is predicated upon transparency, MUTUAL benefit, understanding, communication and commitment.

• Be aggressive about inviting post‐acute care dproviders into your team

65

Page 66: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

Pearls of Wisdom

• Likely that < 1/3 of pts admitted 4 or more times toLikely that < 1/3 of pts admitted 4 or more times to your hospital in the last 12 mos left the hospital with home health

• Medicare is the best payer for home health and hospice

• Probably only 25% of your patients are getting what was ordered exactly as ordered at d/c

• High rate of bounce back to hospital after inpatient rehab/SNF stays

66

Page 67: Building a Care Transitions Team - Connecticut Hospital … · 2013-04-02 · Building a Care Transitions Team April 3, 2013. AHA‐HRET‐CHA Hospital Engagement Network Care Transitions

More Pearls

• Understand how LTACs and SNF make and loseUnderstand how LTACs and SNF make and lose money so you can be a better partner

• Shared Care Protocols translate to better outcomes• Accessibility is a key issue that can be overcome by flexibility and technology.  Referral to the ER is a y gyfailure of “the system”

• Post‐Acute providers have an army of people to get orders signed

• Pharmacy is a HUGE opportunity for shared wins

67