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BUDDHISM
ORIGINS
500BC
No god to worship
350 Buddhist today- most are in south east Asia
UK and Buddhism: 151,000 in Britain (2001 census)
STORY
THREE MAIN TYPES OF BUDDHISTS 1. Theravada:
Meditation Practise in a monastic community Not genially available to the broad public Mostly practised in south east Asia
2. Mahayana: They are open for people to join them Developed a their own idea of Buddha being a spirit rather than being a human being Mainly practice in China, Japan and Korea.
3. Vajrayana: Enthuses the magical and mystical aspect of Buddhism The believe the world should not be rejected but use it as a medicating technique
PRACTICES AND BELIEFS Follow teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. Lived in India in sixth century BC. He is Buddha. He name means someone who has gained enlightenment.
Enlightenment means being able to see things as they really are, turning on a light. Buddha saw the truth.
Don’t believe there is an all powerful god. They don't believe Buddha was more than a man.
If you don’t find enlightenment before you die, you will be reborn again.
Born, growing old, dying and being reborn is a never ending cycle. Breaking out of it is called nirvana.
Buddhists try to reach nirvana by meditation, training your mind to concentrate
Lotus flower: Pure and good
PRACTICES AND BELIEFS Buddhists repeat everyday "I take refuge in the Buddha I take refuge in the Dhamma I take refuge in the sangha"
Buddha is the first jewel. Respect him as he showed the way to enlightenment
Dhamma is the second jewel. It is the Buddha's teaching. Means natural law.
Sangha is the third jewel. Means everyone who follows the Buddha, such as monks or nuns.
So meditation is quite possibly the most important part of worship. Read from scriptures. Burn incense Offer small presents to a statue of Buddha
Light candles- their light has a way of showing that the Buddha's teaching helps you to see important things. Meet in a temple which contains a shrine.
Decorated with gold. No seats just the floor. Bow or put hands together. Some lie flat on the floor. Monasteries are where monks teach how to read and write or people just attend.
Stupa is a building shaped like a rounded hill. Buddha's ashes were scattered in eight different places of which were important to him whilst alive. Stupas are built over the scatterings.
1. Not to take anything which has not been given
2. Not to Not to harm anything which is alive
3. have affairs
4. Not to talk carelessly or unkindly
5. Not to drink alcohol or use drugs wrongly
FIVE PRECEPTSA RULE OR GUIDE ON HOW YOU SHOULD LIVE
WHAT DO BUDDHISTS EAT?•In the time of the Buddha, the monks were expected to eat everything that was put in their begging bowl without discrimination, including meat or rotten food.
•If monks knew or suspected that an animal had been slaughtered specifically to feed monks, they were to refuse to take the meat. On the other hand, leftover meat from an animal slaughtered to feed a lay family was acceptable.
•The First Precept of Buddhism is not to harm anything which is alive. The Buddha told his followers not to kill, participate in killing or cause to have any living thing killed. To eat meat, some argue, is taking part in killing.
•The opinions and restrictions on eating meat vary among different Buddhists.
•Most Buddhists are vegetarian so therefore don’t eat meat or fish, some are vegan, and some particularly from China and Vietnam do not eat onion, garlic, or leak either as these are referred to as the ‘five pungent spices’.
WHAT DO BUDDHISTS WEAR?If you are a traditional Buddhist you generally wear robes. The robes are called a Civara. Wearing a Civara is the first of a monk's four traditional requirements. Monks are never to enter a village without wearing all three parts of their robe:•An inner robe, from the waist to the knee•An upper robe around the torso and the shoulders•An outer robe used as an over garment
Buddhist also wear mala, which is a bracelet that has 108 beads. The 108 beads on the mala represents the 108 human passions that Avalokiteshvara assured when telling the beads. They also have 3 extra beads on the mala to represent the completion of a cycle of mantras. The 3 extra bead also symbolize the Three Jewels of Buddhism: the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. The hidden string that passed through all the beads symbolized the penetrating power of the Buddha’s.
THINGS YOU MIGHT NOT KNOWMonks all aim to reach enlightment- a complete state of peace
All food, travel and clothing is brought from donations, there is no other funding.
Buddists can go to any temple as long as they have the donations to pay for it.
They wear shorts underneath there robes
They can use mobile phones- as long as they don’t effect the teaching and practises of budda ( some even have ipads)
They shave their heads and eyebrows to prevent vanity
They do have women who are monks they tend to practise in the countryside separately.
You can choose to stop being a monk whenever you want and return whenever you want. However this will prolongreaching the stage of enlightment.
DAILY LIFE OF A MONK
4am- meditate for one hour, chant for one hour
6am- walk around the local neighbourhood collecting food (this is called alms)
8am- sit down (on the floor) for breakfast then make blessing for world peace until 12
12pm- lunch- this is the last solid food they will eat until the next morning (fasting)
1pm- Classes- these include learning about Buddha, improving knowledge in various subjects.
6pm- meditate and pray for 2 hours
8pm- homework and bed
FESTIVALS
Senker, C. (2003). Buddhist Calendar. In: Cooper, A My Buddhist Year. Great Britain: Hodder Wayland. p28.
When What Why
January Buddhist new year Buddhists think about how to be kinder and more generous to people
February (full moon) Magha puja People remember how 1,250 followers came to the Buddha and were given a special talk
February (full moon day) Parinirvana A festival held in memory of the death of the Buddha
8th April Hana Matsuri A Japanese celebration of the Buddha's birthday
May (full moon) Buddha day or Wesak An important festival to celebrate the Buddha’s enlightenment
June (full moon) Poson day On this day people remember Buddhism coming to Sri Lanka
July (full moon day) Dharma day A celebration of the first time the Buddha gave his teachings
July/ August (2 weeks) NKT Summer festival The New Kadampa (NKT) Buddhists gather to listen to teachings and learn about the Buddhist way of life
October/ November (1 day)
Kathina A ceremony or giving new robes to monks and nuns
November (full moon day) Sangha Day Buddhists come together to celebrate their worldwide community, the Sangha.
KEY WORDS
Dharma: the truth
Enlightenment: Being perfectly kind and generous
Pilgrims: people who make special journeys to a holy place
Shrine: a place where people come to worship
Karma: this means action
NKT: The New Kadampa Tradition of Buddhism
