BTLEW Lesson 12 - The Kindness of Strangers Part Four ENTER

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Lesson 12 - The Kindness of Strangers

Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III.Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. addict

2. attentive

3. amaze

4. compassionate

5. conquer

11. schedule

12. shelter

13. skid

14. solely

15. symbol

6. intrigue

7. lurk

8. patriotic

9. readiness

10.revelation

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. addict (I)

vt. a. to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively b. to cause to become compulsively and physiologically dependent on a habit forming substance

Examples:

She was addicted to rock music.

He was addicted to cocaine.

To be continued on the next page.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. addict (II)

n. a. one who is addicted, as to narcotics b. a devoted believer or follower

Example:

We are all addicts of Communism.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. attentive

adj. a. giving care or attention; watchful

b. expressing affectionate interest through close observation and gallant gestures

Examples:

In class, some students are very attentive, and some are not.

He played the attentive suitor, complete with roses.

Word formations

n. attentiveness

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. amaze

vt. to shock or surprise someone

Examples:

Her knowledge amazes me.

Visitors were amazed at the achievements in

the car manufacture of the city during the

past decade.

I was amazed by the news of George‘s

sudden death.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. compassionate (I)

adj. feeling or showing compassion v. to pity

Examples (making a comparison):

a humane physician

We should compassionate toward disadvantaged people.

The government released the prisoner for humanitarian reasons.

He is merciful to the repentant.

Word formations

n. compassionateness


Translation

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一位人道的医生；对残疾人有同情心；出于人道主义原因释放囚犯；仁慈地对待悔悟者

4. compassionate (II)


I.I. Word StudyWord Study

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v. to win over or take over

Examples:

The Roman Empire conquers most of Europe

and south of Africa.

scientists battling to conquer diseases; a

singer who conquered the operatic world

I finally conquered my fear of height.

5. conquer

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. intrigue

n. a secret or underhand scheme; a plot v. a. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot b. to arouse the interest or curiosity of

Examples:

The general intrigued with the enemy to overthrow the government.

Hibernation has long intrigued biologists.

The notice intrigued many students.

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creephide

sneak

synonyms



v. a. to lie in wait, as in ambush b. to move furtively; sneak c. to exist unobserved or unsuspected

Examples: danger lurking around every bend There's somebody lurking behind that

bush. Some anxiety still lurked in her mind. The villagers reported that the lion from

the zoo was still lurking close to the village.

7. lurk

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. patriotic

adj. feeling, expressing, or inspired by love for one's country

Examples:

patriotic members of the public

patriotic support, fervor

patriotic songs

n. patriotn. patriotismadv. patriotically

Word formation

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. readiness

n. a. willingness or eagerness

b. quickness and facility

c. state of being ready or prepared

readiness of tongue

readiness to learn

everything in readiness

b

c

a

1. 口齿伶俐

2. 学习的愿望

3. 一切准备就绪

Translation

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. revelation

n. a. the act of revealing or disclosing b. something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of something not previously known or realized c. Revelation (Bible)Examples:

the revelation of his identity

His Hamlet was a revelation to the critics.

(They did not expect him to act so well.)

scandalous revelation in the press

Word formations

v. revealadj. revealing

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• a bus schedule • finish the project on schedule• a schedule of guided tours• Can you fit me into your schedule Tuesday afternoon?• I haven't scheduled the coming week yet.• schedule a trip in June • He was scheduled to arrive Monday.

11. schedule n. & v.

汽车时刻表按计划完成工程项目

导游时间表你能在日程计划中把我安在星期二下午吗 ?

我还没有为下周制定计划。计划在六月进行一次旅行他计划星期一到达。

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. shelter

Translation

n. something that provides cover or protection, as from the weatherv. a. to provide cover or protection for b. to take cover; find refuge

Examples: A cold frame provides shelter for the

seedlings. He sheltered at the bus stop during the

heavy rain. We took shelter from the storm in a

barn.

为幼苗提供保护冷床。

我们在一个谷仓里躲避暴风雨。

下大雨时他躲在公共汽车站里。

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study13. skid (I)

v. to slide sideways while moving because of loss of traction

slide ， slip ， glide ， coast ， skidThese verbs mean to move smoothly and continuously over or as if over a slippery surface. Slide usually implies rapid, easy movement without loss of contact with the surface. coal sliding down a chute 煤从滑道上滑下来

Comparison


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Slip can refer to smooth, easy, and quiet passage; accidental sliding resulting in loss of balance or foothold.

slipped on a patch of ice and sprained his ankle

Glide refers to smooth, free-flowing, seemingly effortless movement.

Four snakes glided up and down a hollow. A submarine glided silently through the water.

Skid implies an uncontrolled, often sideways sliding caused by a lack of traction.

The bus skidded on wet pavement.

13. skid (II)

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adv. a. alone; singly b. entirely; exclusively

14. solely Word formation

adj. sole

Examples: You should be solely responsible for the

whole accident.

His wife did it solely for love.

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15. symbol

n. (of sth.) image, sign which represents an idea or value Examples:

The cross is the symbol of Christianity.

On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church.

象征

符号

Word formation

adj. symbolicv. symbolizen. symbolismn. symbolist

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Lesson 12- The Kindness of Strangers

List:

1. as a matter of course

2. be in need

3. be scheduled for (to do)

4. have one’s thumb out

5. pass by

6. pitch a tent

7. rely on

8. run contrary to

9. watch out for

10. would rather… than

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions

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as a regular habit or usual procedure

Examples:

I check my email every morning as a matter of course.

They helped the old man clean his house as a matter of course.

1. as a matter of course （作为）理所当然的事；（按照）常规


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to be in a condition of poverty or misfortune

Examples:

The family is in dire need.

The hungry children were in need of food.

He is in great need.

2. be in need


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to be included in a schedule; be arranged to do

Examples:

The sale is scheduled for tomorrow.

She is scheduled to give a speech tonight.

He had been scheduled to arrive in Beijing the next week.

3. be scheduled for (to do)


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竖起拇指要求搭便车



4. have one’s thumb out

to thumb a lift; hitch-hike

Example:

He stood beside the road and had his

thumb out.

Chinese

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to go past

Examples:

I saw the procession pass by.

The army passed right by my front door.

5. pass by (sb./sth.)


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to set up a tent

More collocations:

pitch camp

pitch a stake

pitch a stall in a market

This pitched him into the political arena.

6. pitch a tent


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a. to be dependent for support, help, or supply b. to place or have faith or confidence

Examples: Scarlet relies on her parents for tuition.

The old man relied on them to tell him the truth.

7. rely on


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opposed, as in character or purpose

Examples:

We shouldn’t do things that run contrary

to our code of ethics.

We thought Mary would pass and John

would fail, but contrary to expectation it

was the other way round.

8. (run/be) contrary to


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to be alert so that one notices sb./sth.; look out for sb./sth.

Examples: The staff were asked to watch out for

forged banknotes. The mother asked the boy to watch out for

cars when he passed the street. Watch out for the man standing there!

9. watch out for


警惕或注意（某人 / 某事物）

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to prefer to

Examples:

I’d rather walk than take a bus.

She’d rather die than lose the children.

“ Some more wine?” “ Thank you, I’d

rather not, I have to drive home.”

10. would rather… than…


The end of Phrases and Expressions.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:

1. Prefix–ad

2. Prefix–contra, contro, counter

3. Suffix–ic & ical

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

addict addict

prefix

ad-: to ( 去 )

adherent

adjoin

adjourn

advent

adversary

n. 拥护者v. 邻接v. 延期n. 来临n. 对手

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contra, contro, counter: against 对抗

con (short for contra)contrabandcontroversycontravenecountermandcounterincontrovertible

adj. 反对的 n. 反对的理由n. 违禁品；走私品n. 争论vt. 违反vt. 下相反的命令取消adv. 背道而驰地；相反地adj. 不容置疑的

contrary contrary

prefix


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adj.

Comparison:

a classic performance—classical music

a comic masterpiece—comical behaviour

an economic miracle—economical arrangement

a historic building—historical research

an electric fan—electrical energy

Suffix— -ic & -icalTranslation



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难忘的演出——古典音乐

喜剧杰作——滑稽的举动

经济上的奇迹——节约的安排

有历史意义的建筑——历史研究

电扇——电能

Suffix— -ic & -ical


The end of Word Building.

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarParticipial AdjectiveParticipial Adjective

-ing form annoying, exasperating, frightening, gratifying

-ed form excited, interested, frightened, annoyed


Most participial adjectives can be used both attributively and predicatively:

Attributive Predicative

That's an irritating noise.

That noise is irritating.

This is an exciting film. This film is exciting.

He's a talented footballer.

That footballer is talented.

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Many participial adjectives, which have no corresponding verb, are formed by combining a noun with a participle:

alcohol-based chemicals battle-hardened soldiers drug-induced coma energy-saving devices fact-finding mission purpose-built accommodation

These, too, can be used predicatively (thechemicals are alcohol-based, the soldierswere battle-hardened, etc).

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When participial adjectives are used predicatively, it may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between adjectival and verbal uses. Consider the following pair: [1] The noise is annoying. [2] The noise is annoying the neighbours.

In [1], we can modify annoying using very: [1a] The noise is (very) annoying.

But we cannot modify it in the same way in [2]: [2a] *The noise is (very) annoying the neighbours.

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We can distinguish between the following pairs using the same criterion: Adjectival Verbal

This film is terrifying.This film is terrifying the children.

Your comments are alarming.

Your comments are alarming the people.

The defendant's answers were misleading.

The defendant's answers were misleading the jury.

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

Participial AdjectiveParticipial Adjective

We can also identify -ing forms as verbal if it is possible to change the -ing form into a non-progressive verb:


Progressive Non-progressive

The children are dancing.

The children dance.

My eyes are stinging. My eyes sting.

The wood is drying. The wood dries.

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Compare these changes from progressive to

non-progressive with the following:


The work is rewarding. ~*The work rewards.

The job was exacting. ~*The job exacted.

Your paper was interesting.

~*Your paper interested.

In these instances, the inability to produce fully acceptable non-progressive sentences indicates adjectival use.

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarParticipial AdjectiveParticipial AdjectiveExercise:

In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the highlighted word is A. a participial adjective or B. a verb.

1. He told me a moving story about his childhood.

2. Our piano was tuned by Mr. Beethoven. 3. I spent four hours calculating your tax

returns.4. His new novel is open-ended. 5. The whole affair became terribly complicated.

A

AA

B

B

The end of Grammar.

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BTLEW Lesson 12 - The Kindness of Strangers Part Four ENTER