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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\Congo Rep-Dominican Rep_Imports.log log type: text opened on: 18 Aug 2006, 06:39:07 . clear . *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship; . insheet using k:\book2.txt (54 vars, 11640 obs) . drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted) . . *Dropping Congo, Rep . drop if ccode==141780 (10 observations deleted) . . **Regression of Imports . tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000 . . **I. Aggregate Imports . xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo > te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression Coefficients: generalized least squares Panels: heteroskedastic Correlation: panel-specific AR(1) Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000 Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100 Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8244.04 Log likelihood = -519.8957 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3319579 .0308361 10.77 0.000 .2715203 .3923956 lgdp | 1.209096 .034366 35.18 0.000 1.14174 1.276452 lgdpau | .0385463 .6061495 0.06 0.949 -1.149485 1.226577 lgdpdfrati~w | -.9280809 .2488789 -3.73 0.000 -1.415875 -.4402872 lpopau | -2.631308 2.094189 -1.26 0.209 -6.735843 1.473228 lpop | .0149341 .0423621 0.35 0.724 -.0680942 .0979624 lxrate1 | -.1266577 .0167507 -7.56 0.000 -.1594885 -.0938268 lremote | -.4387467 .0764169 -5.74 0.000 -.588521 -.2889724 ldist | -2.045392 .1527434 -13.39 0.000 -2.344764 -1.746021 lopen | .2701746 .0568901 4.75 0.000 .1586721 .3816771 english | .9456879 .1355586 6.98 0.000 .6799981 1.211378 white | 4.423123 .6273878 7.05 0.000 3.193466 5.652781

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Page 1: btadesse/Research/Re…  · Web view · 2008-04-28log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\Congo Rep-Dominican Rep_Imports.log. log type: text. opened on: 18 Aug 2006, 06:39:07 . clear

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Roger-Australia\Robustness-1\Congo Rep-Dominican Rep_Imports.log log type: text opened on: 18 Aug 2006, 06:39:07

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Congo, Rep

. drop if ccode==141780(10 observations deleted)

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8244.04Log likelihood = -519.8957 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3319579 .0308361 10.77 0.000 .2715203 .3923956 lgdp | 1.209096 .034366 35.18 0.000 1.14174 1.276452 lgdpau | .0385463 .6061495 0.06 0.949 -1.149485 1.226577lgdpdfrati~w | -.9280809 .2488789 -3.73 0.000 -1.415875 -.4402872 lpopau | -2.631308 2.094189 -1.26 0.209 -6.735843 1.473228 lpop | .0149341 .0423621 0.35 0.724 -.0680942 .0979624 lxrate1 | -.1266577 .0167507 -7.56 0.000 -.1594885 -.0938268 lremote | -.4387467 .0764169 -5.74 0.000 -.588521 -.2889724 ldist | -2.045392 .1527434 -13.39 0.000 -2.344764 -1.746021 lopen | .2701746 .0568901 4.75 0.000 .1586721 .3816771 english | .9456879 .1355586 6.98 0.000 .6799981 1.211378 white | 4.423123 .6273878 7.05 0.000 3.193466 5.652781 lwhitemg | -.4126811 .0558543 -7.39 0.000 -.5221535 -.3032087 _cons | 44.12266 19.30908 2.29 0.022 6.277565 81.96776------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000951 lgdp | -.000339 .001181 lgdpau | -.001093 .001405 .367417lgdpdfrati~w | -.000895 .000256 -.00999 .061941

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lpopau | .002545 -.00823 -1.24274 .051156 4.38563 lpop | -.000119 -.000833 .000172 .000145 -.000732 .001795 lxrate1 | .000091 .000162 .00038 .000186 -.002916 -.000132 .000281 lremote | .000478 .000023 -.000421 -.0018 -.004176 -.000164 .000049 ldist | .001606 .000975 .000369 -.001526 -.017194 -.000203 .00145 lopen | -.000197 .000543 .002508 .000851 -.01753 .000447 .000168 english | -.00123 .003069 .002799 .002558 -.009728 -.001641 .000627 white | .004849 -.003423 .003011 -.009739 -.026654 .006425 -.000107 lwhitemg | -.000585 .000316 -.000234 .000926 .00275 -.000519 -6.1e-06 _cons | -.029489 .075854 10.9587 -.624393 -39.8291 .003945 .020795

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .00584 ldist | .00499 .023331 lopen | .001526 .00102 .003236 english | -.003789 .003188 -.001192 .018376 white | -.000051 -.003654 .000495 -.007089 .393615 lwhitemg | .000104 -.000103 -.000115 .00083 -.034592 .00312 _cons | -.013916 -.022035 .184977 .038284 .341398 -.034568 372.84

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 65995.08Log likelihood = -955.4491 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0499687 .0138334 3.61 0.000 .0228557 .0770817 lgdp | 1.621402 .0510939 31.73 0.000 1.52126 1.721544 lgdpau | .9188778 .3546732 2.59 0.010 .223731 1.614025lgdpdfrati~w | -.4461415 .1471468 -3.03 0.002 -.734544 -.1577391 lpopau | -6.517064 1.197639 -5.44 0.000 -8.864393 -4.169735 lpop | -.3715484 .0846037 -4.39 0.000 -.5373686 -.2057282 lxrate1 | -.1177364 .0203157 -5.80 0.000 -.1575544 -.0779184 lremote | -.952769 .0971128 -9.81 0.000 -1.143107 -.7624313 ldist | -3.158699 .1641783 -19.24 0.000 -3.480483 -2.836916 lopen | -.056944 .0265573 -2.14 0.032 -.1089954 -.0048925 english | 1.00581 .0861241 11.68 0.000 .8370103 1.174611 white | 4.437319 .7761079 5.72 0.000 2.916175 5.958463 lwhitemg | -.4398218 .0740933 -5.94 0.000 -.585042 -.2946016 _cons | 96.20845 11.26226 8.54 0.000 74.13483 118.2821------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000191

lgdp | -.000258 .002611 lgdpau | -.001203 .001826 .125793lgdpdfrati~w | -.000573 .000505 -.011624 .021652 lpopau | .004746 -.007383 -.415902 .023306 1.43434 lpop | .000159 -.004079 -.001589 .000452 .004433 .007158 lxrate1 | -.000025 .000278 -.00007 .000403 -.003076 -.000304 .000413

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lremote | .000391 .000279 -.006557 -.003348 .023234 -.001058 .000064 ldist | .000617 -.00176 -.006423 -.00124 .015492 .002978 .000558 lopen | .000042 -.000099 -.00093 .000899 .003449 .000261 -.000073 english | -.00041 .000236 .002986 .002596 -.019923 .00031 .001113 white | .001083 -.012588 -.010616 -.003588 .041497 .019155 -.000924 lwhitemg | -.00009 .000639 .000406 .000162 -.002549 -.000885 .00013 _cons | -.053417 .09377 3.71856 -.077688 -13.1743 -.071075 .043757

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009431 ldist | .003838 .026955 lopen | .000631 .000232 .000705 english | -.002676 .002514 -.0004 .007417 white | .006852 -.021444 .001726 -.001871 .602344 lwhitemg | .000083 .003175 -.000124 .000386 -.05591 .00549 _cons | -.321567 -.394381 -.043045 .236025 -.274536 -.000835 126.838

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7678.42Log likelihood = -951.8613 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0995152 .0229948 4.33 0.000 .0544461 .1445843 lgdp | 1.846225 .0700667 26.35 0.000 1.708897 1.983554 lgdpau | .1476356 .5532596 0.27 0.790 -.9367334 1.232005lgdpdfrati~w | -.454663 .2275882 -2.00 0.046 -.9007278 -.0085983 lpopau | -3.467891 1.93192 -1.80 0.073 -7.254385 .3186035 lpop | -.7612269 .0804128 -9.47 0.000 -.9188331 -.6036208 lxrate1 | -.1469499 .0272287 -5.40 0.000 -.2003172 -.0935827 lremote | -.446499 .1330862 -3.35 0.001 -.7073431 -.1856549 ldist | -3.838516 .3367996 -11.40 0.000 -4.498631 -3.178401 lopen | .0585552 .0441119 1.33 0.184 -.0279026 .145013 english | .9797158 .1340069 7.31 0.000 .7170672 1.242364 white | 8.847668 1.843284 4.80 0.000 5.234898 12.46044 lwhitemg | -.7848006 .1841966 -4.26 0.000 -1.145819 -.4237818 _cons | 68.89403 18.53771 3.72 0.000 32.56079 105.2273------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000529 lgdp | -.000905 .004909 lgdpau | -.001748 .003367 .306096lgdpdfrati~w | -.000966 .002852 -.015654 .051796 lpopau | .005123 -.017933 -1.03402 .05458 3.73232 lpop | .000709 -.004159 -.000936 -.002904 .001129 .006466 lxrate1 | .000015 .00055 -.000128 .001105 -.004872 -.000836 .000741 lremote | .000016 -.000748 -.008474 -.001761 .027812 -.000815 .000081 ldist | .002255 .006673 -.012804 -.002335 -.00154 -.000538 .001325 lopen | .000099 -.000676 .000358 .002485 -.000665 .001207 -.000222 english | -.000823 .003048 .00635 .000298 -.048977 .001114 .001749

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white | .001862 -.02871 .009411 -.008624 -.040183 .022402 .003336 lwhitemg | -.000138 .001492 -.002112 .000135 .0098 -.001396 -.000377 _cons | -.053045 .108075 9.28454 -.525037 -34.7164 .011853 .067516

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017712 ldist | .008766 .113434 lopen | .000531 -.000982 .001946 english | -.004945 .006328 -.001345 .017958 white | .013445 -.138254 .003558 .010261 3.3977 lwhitemg | .000833 .011339 -.000217 -.001836 -.332741 .033928 _cons | -.448957 -.953899 .001546 .537584 1.88939 -.232358 343.647

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2352.57Log likelihood = -1085.017 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .09861 .0367365 2.68 0.007 .0266078 .1706122 lgdp | .9190943 .0735947 12.49 0.000 .7748513 1.063337 lgdpau | -.4684637 .7444659 -0.63 0.529 -1.92759 .9906627lgdpdfrati~w | -.5885923 .3093949 -1.90 0.057 -1.194995 .0178107 lpopau | .4931704 2.54638 0.19 0.846 -4.497642 5.483983 lpop | -.0167969 .0923749 -0.18 0.856 -.1978484 .1642546 lxrate1 | -.1651698 .0318995 -5.18 0.000 -.2276916 -.102648 lremote | .5072719 .2115748 2.40 0.017 .092593 .9219509 ldist | -1.283154 .3057741 -4.20 0.000 -1.88246 -.683848 lopen | .3110204 .0677664 4.59 0.000 .1782007 .4438401 english | 1.745445 .2358431 7.40 0.000 1.283201 2.207689 white | .945251 2.109515 0.45 0.654 -3.189323 5.079825 lwhitemg | .2259212 .1864694 1.21 0.226 -.1395521 .5913945 _cons | -5.466158 24.07277 -0.23 0.820 -52.64793 41.71561------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00135 lgdp | -.001201 .005416 lgdpau | -.001871 .001377 .55423lgdpdfrati~w | -.000323 .001358 -.013502 .095725 lpopau | .004706 -.010915 -1.85853 .023189 6.48405 lpop | .000253 -.004998 .000309 -.000844 .001132 .008533 lxrate1 | .000126 .000816 .00029 .00187 -.007144 -.00117 .001018 lremote | .000976 .000167 -.025063 -.013735 .081095 .00042 -.000693 ldist | .003556 -.007968 -.018181 -.006146 .053445 .012857 .000084 lopen | .000189 -.000944 .003551 .002484 -.017793 .002468 -.000146 english | -.00286 -.000286 .010236 .005868 -.028521 .000417 .001477 white | .002883 -.019067 .115043 .017137 -.447093 .014158 .001376 lwhitemg | -.000433 .000545 -.011832 -.002882 .047471 .000145 -.000267 _cons | -.054082 .180442 16.6712 .032788 -59.8596 -.172323 .110279

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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lremote | .044764 ldist | .014433 .093498 lopen | .001132 -.00119 .004592 english | -.013662 .010274 -.001446 .055622 white | .031374 -.002283 .005033 .046731 4.45005 lwhitemg | -.000127 .003838 -.000282 -.003526 -.382859 .034771 _cons | -1.21457 -1.4721 .186002 .216507 4.31016 -.522543 579.498

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 54409.16Log likelihood = -891.5058 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0251726 .0138503 1.82 0.069 -.0019735 .0523187 lgdp | 1.557791 .0522409 29.82 0.000 1.455401 1.660182 lgdpau | .6499687 .3744085 1.74 0.083 -.0838585 1.383796lgdpdfrati~w | -.2211225 .1347802 -1.64 0.101 -.4852868 .0430418 lpopau | -6.594019 1.266258 -5.21 0.000 -9.07584 -4.112198 lpop | -.1583756 .0894739 -1.77 0.077 -.3337411 .01699 lxrate1 | -.0404599 .018198 -2.22 0.026 -.0761273 -.0047924 lremote | -.5909949 .1505286 -3.93 0.000 -.8860256 -.2959643 ldist | -2.465447 .166436 -14.81 0.000 -2.791656 -2.139238 lopen | -.035965 .028409 -1.27 0.206 -.0916455 .0197155 english | 1.118699 .1161497 9.63 0.000 .89105 1.346348 white | 3.738499 .885841 4.22 0.000 2.002283 5.474716 lwhitemg | -.2800289 .0827654 -3.38 0.001 -.4422461 -.1178118 _cons | 92.40672 11.92828 7.75 0.000 69.02772 115.7857------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000192 lgdp | -.000204 .002729 lgdpau | -.00079 .001795 .140182lgdpdfrati~w | -.000318 .000719 -.006879 .018166 lpopau | .002669 -.006185 -.464753 .01088 1.60341 lpop | .000125 -.004371 -.001333 -.000097 .002283 .008006 lxrate1 | 8.5e-06 .000197 -.00012 .000449 -.002186 -.000223 .000331 lremote | -3.0e-06 -.000679 -.015123 -.003433 .053715 -.00029 -.000131 ldist | .000884 -.005289 -.003231 .001137 .000059 .009371 .000639 lopen | .000015 -.000066 -.000899 .00102 .003145 .000247 -.000063 english | -.000313 -.000429 .003513 .002433 -.017549 .000266 .00089 white | .000703 -.015677 -.014956 -.000301 .025461 .027456 .001882 lwhitemg | -.000107 .000762 -.000231 -.000341 .003204 -.001539 -.0002 _cons | -.029932 .119303 4.18665 -.01266 -14.7939 -.117232 .031867

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .022659 ldist | -.003287 .027701 lopen | .001118 .000236 .000807 english | -.004394 .006946 -.000485 .013491

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white | .012784 .033608 .000983 .007374 .784714 lwhitemg | .001289 -.002285 8.4e-06 -.00047 -.070169 .00685 _cons | -.638121 -.190168 -.043652 .169386 -.55321 -.028117 142.284

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8047.63Log likelihood = -976.4367 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0744333 .0207013 3.60 0.000 .0338595 .1150071 lgdp | 1.840893 .0653809 28.16 0.000 1.712749 1.969037 lgdpau | .1755598 .5085557 0.35 0.730 -.8211911 1.172311lgdpdfrati~w | -.4642853 .2100412 -2.21 0.027 -.8759585 -.0526121 lpopau | -3.542318 1.761643 -2.01 0.044 -6.995074 -.0895617 lpop | -.6543386 .0822772 -7.95 0.000 -.8155989 -.4930782 lxrate1 | -.124154 .026128 -4.75 0.000 -.1753638 -.0729441 lremote | -.4657313 .1256251 -3.71 0.000 -.711952 -.2195106 ldist | -3.967555 .3180317 -12.48 0.000 -4.590886 -3.344224 lopen | .0409813 .0416417 0.98 0.325 -.0406349 .1225975 english | 1.395499 .1475859 9.46 0.000 1.106236 1.684762 white | 10.41155 1.862345 5.59 0.000 6.761418 14.06168 lwhitemg | -.9245414 .1855333 -4.98 0.000 -1.28818 -.5609027 _cons | 69.07782 16.77886 4.12 0.000 36.19187 101.9638------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000429 lgdp | -.000694 .004275 lgdpau | -.001579 .002888 .258629lgdpdfrati~w | -.000846 .002136 -.012902 .044117 lpopau | .004707 -.016081 -.868242 .039232 3.10338 lpop | .000496 -.00398 -.001001 -.001662 .004107 .00677 lxrate1 | -2.6e-06 .00045 -.000145 .001017 -.004675 -.000662 .000683 lremote | .000061 -.000731 -.007401 -.001906 .023126 -.000867 .000012 ldist | .00197 .005367 -.012232 -.003048 -.000617 -.000602 .000897 lopen | .000102 -.000649 .000192 .002145 -.000015 .001073 -.000231 english | -.000897 .001604 .00522 .002124 -.038664 .003564 .001864 white | .000363 -.027724 .007804 -.001103 -.015563 .026035 .003914 lwhitemg | -.000014 .001494 -.001764 -.000381 .006512 -.001646 -.000403 _cons | -.049122 .114224 7.77232 -.331067 -28.6657 -.046126 .069162

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015782 ldist | .008004 .101144 lopen | .000537 -.000766 .001734 english | -.005265 .002253 -.001468 .021782 white | .011605 -.144603 .002707 .028965 3.46833 lwhitemg | .000774 .012485 -.000139 -.00311 -.339115 .034423 _cons | -.373841 -.825134 -.005164 .426563 1.50731 -.192556 281.53

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. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8267.55Log likelihood = -1090.19 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0171556 .0146887 1.17 0.243 -.0116337 .0459449 lgdp | 1.350819 .0479931 28.15 0.000 1.256755 1.444884 lgdpau | .6231113 .481903 1.29 0.196 -.3214013 1.567624lgdpdfrati~w | -.0810104 .1560451 -0.52 0.604 -.3868532 .2248324 lpopau | -6.001611 1.639546 -3.66 0.000 -9.215062 -2.78816 lpop | .0764312 .0677953 1.13 0.260 -.0564452 .2093076 lxrate1 | -.058242 .0189504 -3.07 0.002 -.0953841 -.0210998 lremote | -.8311913 .1576686 -5.27 0.000 -1.140216 -.5221664 ldist | -3.410657 .2254432 -15.13 0.000 -3.852518 -2.968797 lopen | .0572759 .0395963 1.45 0.148 -.0203315 .1348832 english | 2.44803 .130523 18.76 0.000 2.192209 2.70385 white | 3.946945 1.155022 3.42 0.001 1.683144 6.210746 lwhitemg | -.1796344 .0969203 -1.85 0.064 -.3695947 .0103259 _cons | 94.20934 15.69644 6.00 0.000 63.44488 124.9738------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000216 lgdp | -.000358 .002303 lgdpau | .000025 2.1e-06 .232231lgdpdfrati~w | -.000415 .000515 .002387 .02435 lpopau | -.001675 .001334 -.772237 -.006779 2.68811 lpop | .000182 -.002508 -.000376 .000201 -.001313 .004596 lxrate1 | -.000016 .0002 .000319 .000523 -.002403 -.000343 .000359 lremote | .000171 .000588 -.01762 -.000532 .054847 -.000773 -.000132 ldist | .000592 .000547 -.010434 -.000888 .019627 .000621 .000358 lopen | .000054 -.000274 .000033 .002003 .000489 .000629 -.000123 english | -.000679 .000403 .001835 .001355 -.008069 .001751 .000993 white | .000369 -.012575 -.005388 -.000381 .007454 .022828 .000109 lwhitemg | -.000013 .000643 -.000896 .000166 .003571 -.001528 .000051 _cons | .025039 -.043609 6.97544 .023804 -25.0035 .015225 .027922

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024859 ldist | .015296 .050825 lopen | .000853 .000074 .001568 english | -.003518 .002916 -.001191 .017036 white | .00456 -.001227 .000677 .031623 1.33408 lwhitemg | .001345 .001844 6.8e-06 -.002813 -.108187 .009394 _cons | -.812925 -.700098 -.021702 .044869 -.105468 -.055179 246.378

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 766.97Log likelihood = -601.1531 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4539297 .050064 9.07 0.000 .3558061 .5520534 lgdp | .1630263 .082038 1.99 0.047 .0022348 .3238179 lgdpau | -.4286327 .7532864 -0.57 0.569 -1.905047 1.047782lgdpdfrati~w | -.7453904 .2812677 -2.65 0.008 -1.296665 -.1941158 lpopau | -.6156334 2.579356 -0.24 0.811 -5.671079 4.439812 lpop | .3778427 .0882032 4.28 0.000 .2049676 .5507178 lxrate1 | -.1853833 .0247558 -7.49 0.000 -.2339037 -.1368629 lremote | .2086721 .2167488 0.96 0.336 -.2161477 .6334919 ldist | -1.416073 .4369519 -3.24 0.001 -2.272483 -.5596627 lopen | .086462 .0643487 1.34 0.179 -.0396592 .2125831 english | .648815 .2077296 3.12 0.002 .2416725 1.055957 white | 10.66007 .7394673 14.42 0.000 9.210743 12.1094 lwhitemg | -1.030873 .0732003 -14.08 0.000 -1.174343 -.8874033 _cons | 28.20458 24.36176 1.16 0.247 -19.54359 75.95275------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002506 lgdp | -.002015 .00673 lgdpau | -.001385 -.000089 .56744lgdpdfrati~w | -.002099 .001861 -.013093 .079112 lpopau | .003088 -.01021 -1.88623 .062673 6.65308 lpop | -.000083 -.00419 .00027 -.000913 .00174 .00778 lxrate1 | .000128 .000294 .00043 .001152 -.004481 -.000619 .000613 lremote | .004283 .004695 -.013445 -.009731 .010885 -.004315 .000144 ldist | .007526 -.007559 -.01766 -.008168 -.011054 .013878 .001198 lopen | -.000281 .000683 -.00039 -.001016 -.01191 .000548 -.00002 english | -.00242 .001424 .001495 .005296 -.012414 .005064 .001448 white | .013588 -.012938 .009618 -.005431 -.043778 .012183 .004347 lwhitemg | -.001042 .000316 -.001591 .000023 .006204 -.000328 -.000437 _cons | -.091778 .124543 16.7058 -.636231 -60.7629 -.155244 .048748

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .04698 ldist | .046989 .190927 lopen | .002013 .000566 .004141 english | -.001322 .012601 -.001169 .043152 white | .014211 -.001025 -.001156 .047805 .546812 lwhitemg | -.000192 .005 .000094 -.002405 -.051136 .005358 _cons | -.74207 -1.67779 .167 -.075126 .32075 -.09826 593.495

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1630.23Log likelihood = -582.2606 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1565773 .039125 4.00 0.000 .0798937 .233261 lgdp | .3397373 .0650606 5.22 0.000 .2122209 .4672538 lgdpau | -.1386832 .1097247 -1.26 0.206 -.3537398 .0763733lgdpdfrati~w | -.1552678 .0670773 -2.31 0.021 -.2867368 -.0237988 lpopau | 2.149772 .4081411 5.27 0.000 1.34983 2.949714 lpop | .6776489 .1039259 6.52 0.000 .4739578 .8813399 lxrate1 | -.0242253 .0129604 -1.87 0.062 -.0496272 .0011766 lremote | .143214 .0483545 2.96 0.003 .0484411 .237987 ldist | -3.295882 .3606309 -9.14 0.000 -4.002705 -2.589058 lopen | -.0195303 .0431701 -0.45 0.651 -.1041421 .0650815 english | .4745962 .2746215 1.73 0.084 -.0636521 1.012844 white | 23.28087 2.95808 7.87 0.000 17.48314 29.0786 lwhitemg | -2.209609 .2754876 -8.02 0.000 -2.749555 -1.669664 _cons | -15.11298 6.037325 -2.50 0.012 -26.94592 -3.280039------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001531 lgdp | -.001121 .004233 lgdpau | -.001115 -.000098 .01204lgdpdfrati~w | .000443 -.001462 .002238 .004499 lpopau | .006709 -.002697 -.039588 -.001272 .166579 lpop | -.000044 -.002872 .001135 .000565 -.005812 .010801 lxrate1 | -.000019 .000133 -.000107 .000011 .001285 -.000334 .000168 lremote | -.000489 .001642 -.001653 -.002125 .000888 -.000926 .000122 ldist | .005432 -.001087 -.005009 -.000343 .025971 -.001727 -.000399 lopen | -.000362 -.000378 .000189 -.000907 -.007257 .001544 -.000323 english | -.000715 -.000496 .00095 .000727 -.004042 .001054 .000066 white | .00584 -.008979 .000484 .003109 -.000509 .029634 -.000967 lwhitemg | -.000876 .000328 .000226 -.000213 -.001786 -.003012 .000102 _cons | -.11312 -.00182 .392314 .000874 -1.87049 -.013181 -.014155

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .002338 ldist | .000068 .130055 lopen | .000484 -.000338 .001864 english | -.000597 .0565 -.000439 .075417 white | -.003533 .022664 .002589 .034664 8.75024 lwhitemg | .000256 -.005516 -.000078 -.002478 -.802754 .075893 _cons | -.010316 -1.52412 .104383 -.514621 -.515833 .121175 36.4493

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 651.98

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Log likelihood = -556.6546 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5943557 .0486058 12.23 0.000 .4990901 .6896214 lgdp | -.0759372 .0672041 -1.13 0.258 -.2076548 .0557803 lgdpau | 1.942696 .7962022 2.44 0.015 .382168 3.503223lgdpdfrati~w | -.7897066 .2886244 -2.74 0.006 -1.3554 -.2240131 lpopau | -9.719037 2.739179 -3.55 0.000 -15.08773 -4.350345 lpop | .47493 .0772532 6.15 0.000 .3235164 .6263435 lxrate1 | -.1301854 .0259168 -5.02 0.000 -.1809814 -.0793894 lremote | .0899507 .2523178 0.36 0.721 -.4045831 .5844845 ldist | -1.378066 .303644 -4.54 0.000 -1.973197 -.782935 lopen | .0148069 .0555662 0.27 0.790 -.0941009 .1237146 english | -.2164926 .2242515 -0.97 0.334 -.6560175 .2230322 white | 10.24219 1.043728 9.81 0.000 8.196523 12.28786 lwhitemg | -.9139666 .0955151 -9.57 0.000 -1.101173 -.7267605 _cons | 119.4452 25.95407 4.60 0.000 68.57617 170.3143------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002363 lgdp | -.001437 .004516 lgdpau | .00021 -.001092 .633938lgdpdfrati~w | -.001467 .001243 -.01951 .083304 lpopau | -.005034 -.00145 -2.12022 .080123 7.5031 lpop | -.000297 -.002029 .000824 -.000531 -.006701 .005968 lxrate1 | .000165 -.00018 .000513 .000803 -.004394 -.00043 .000672 lremote | .001759 .004207 -.020346 -.013189 .058176 -.003181 .000347 ldist | .004661 .002268 -.006743 -.003121 -.014044 .000889 .000928 lopen | -.000184 .000251 .000565 -.000579 -.011687 .001229 -7.3e-06 english | -.002251 -.000176 .003554 .004774 -.014476 .001136 .001178 white | .012311 -.018185 .018301 -.008725 -.093738 .017715 .005467 lwhitemg | -.001232 .001029 -.002763 .000042 .014445 -.001242 -.000457 _cons | .040428 -.066469 18.8084 -.771923 -69.143 .062706 .054573

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .063664 ldist | .026219 .0922 lopen | .001499 .002398 .003088 english | -.011668 .023263 -.000804 .050289 white | .019339 -.003622 .000622 .021422 1.08937 lwhitemg | .000581 -.000028 -2.7e-06 -.0008 -.095831 .009123 _cons | -1.27559 -.790141 .122062 .001552 .940348 -.163376 673.614

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1246.57Log likelihood = -363.9984 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0349804 .0189545 1.85 0.065 -.0021699 .0721306 lgdp | .2392058 .0609051 3.93 0.000 .119834 .3585777

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lgdpau | -.2637924 .3486814 -0.76 0.449 -.9471955 .4196106lgdpdfrati~w | -.4098964 .2236274 -1.83 0.067 -.8481981 .0284053 lpopau | 2.530703 1.236083 2.05 0.041 .1080253 4.953381 lpop | .0990766 .0757872 1.31 0.191 -.0494635 .2476167 lxrate1 | -.0800744 .0199373 -4.02 0.000 -.1191508 -.040998 lremote | -.1719944 .121216 -1.42 0.156 -.4095734 .0655846 ldist | -1.333784 .2208892 -6.04 0.000 -1.766719 -.900849 lopen | .0104206 .0301259 0.35 0.729 -.0486251 .0694664 english | 1.990683 .2267412 8.78 0.000 1.546279 2.435088 white | 9.400447 1.790202 5.25 0.000 5.891715 12.90918 lwhitemg | -.7132992 .1836622 -3.88 0.000 -1.073271 -.3533278 _cons | -26.2488 12.45267 -2.11 0.035 -50.65558 -1.842014------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000359 lgdp | -.000393 .003709 lgdpau | .000318 -.00198 .121579lgdpdfrati~w | -.000557 -.000195 -.002047 .050009 lpopau | -.001466 .008318 -.414502 .029998 1.5279 lpop | .000142 -.003536 .001228 .000973 -.009595 .005744 lxrate1 | -.000015 .000218 .001416 .000902 -.006573 -.000222 .000397 lremote | .000236 .001244 -.00851 -.004445 .030128 -.000822 -.000456 ldist | .000945 .000615 -.002203 -.00132 -.000619 .002821 -.000393 lopen | .000032 -.000308 -.000412 .001298 -.000624 .000403 -9.2e-06 english | -.000382 -.00302 .005092 .004429 -.018846 .005307 .000409 white | .00198 -.026775 .018079 .001765 -.096812 .029989 .001032 lwhitemg | -.000193 .001538 -.001506 .000015 .007599 -.002008 -.000091 _cons | .010278 -.127424 3.80073 -.458575 -14.7684 .095377 .076024

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .014693 ldist | .00154 .048792 lopen | -.000118 -.000034 .000908 english | -.005387 .016844 -.000102 .051412 white | .009784 -.025671 .001439 .080124 3.20482 lwhitemg | -.000322 .001275 -.000069 -.007533 -.323894 .033732 _cons | -.428064 -.470097 .022314 .039439 1.38658 -.096715 155.069

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 984.83Log likelihood = -849.5854 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1588688 .0676994 2.35 0.019 .0261804 .2915573 lgdp | .5176333 .1138284 4.55 0.000 .2945338 .7407329 lgdpau | -2.487654 1.160947 -2.14 0.032 -4.763069 -.2122394lgdpdfrati~w | -1.071429 .4611595 -2.32 0.020 -1.975285 -.1675734 lpopau | 5.095434 3.982823 1.28 0.201 -2.710755 12.90162 lpop | .2335937 .1274805 1.83 0.067 -.0162635 .483451 lxrate1 | -.1592409 .0410945 -3.87 0.000 -.2397846 -.0786973 lremote | 1.752246 .2810988 6.23 0.000 1.201303 2.30319 ldist | -1.418481 .5232415 -2.71 0.007 -2.444016 -.3929467

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lopen | -.0177846 .0827624 -0.21 0.830 -.1799959 .1444267 english | .4042045 .2645429 1.53 0.127 -.1142901 .9226991 white | 11.10753 1.472859 7.54 0.000 8.220777 13.99428 lwhitemg | -.8608277 .1420136 -6.06 0.000 -1.139169 -.5824861 _cons | -32.60128 37.45199 -0.87 0.384 -106.0058 40.80327------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004583 lgdp | -.004935 .012957 lgdpau | -.002665 .006561 1.3478lgdpdfrati~w | -.001997 .004936 -.005679 .212668 lpopau | .005668 -.032341 -4.50877 .072074 15.8629 lpop | .001958 -.010871 -.003074 -.002908 .014075 .016251 lxrate1 | 3.0e-06 .001802 .00106 .001635 -.010924 -.001686 .001689 lremote | .001565 -.002892 -.031329 -.020223 .077679 .002862 .000924 ldist | .014766 -.01382 -.014233 -.011536 .005268 .01883 -.003021 lopen | .000247 -.000655 .00718 .00141 -.038106 .00218 -.00036 english | -.005674 .011462 .007125 .001759 -.0292 -.00909 -.000685 white | .030843 -.055348 -.045383 -.040142 .079624 .052826 .004231 lwhitemg | -.003399 .003438 .000522 .001207 .009145 -.00278 -.000743 _cons | -.120206 .415218 39.7702 -1.03668 -145.273 -.368327 .153332

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .079017 ldist | .024177 .273782 lopen | .003581 .003629 .00685 english | -.00412 .02926 -.001177 .069983 white | .125822 .164146 .000376 .033027 2.16931 lwhitemg | -.005035 -.020315 .000119 -.005603 -.198985 .020168 _cons | -1.36401 -2.581 .363355 -.046377 -2.56072 .060446 1402.65

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 562.33Log likelihood = -128.5689 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .034531 .0294226 1.17 0.241 -.0231362 .0921983 lgdp | .1559801 .0599733 2.60 0.009 .0384345 .2735256 lgdpau | .3612866 .414583 0.87 0.384 -.4512811 1.173854lgdpdfrati~w | .3589074 .1904245 1.88 0.059 -.0143178 .7321325 lpopau | 2.666276 1.465068 1.82 0.069 -.2052045 5.537757 lpop | .2862311 .080691 3.55 0.000 .1280795 .4443826 lxrate1 | -.03171 .0167331 -1.90 0.058 -.0645062 .0010863 lremote | -.0174324 .1307606 -0.13 0.894 -.2737186 .2388537 ldist | -2.291045 .426574 -5.37 0.000 -3.127115 -1.454976 lopen | .0611573 .0388024 1.58 0.115 -.014894 .1372085 english | .8213797 .1880643 4.37 0.000 .4527804 1.189979 white | 15.7581 1.227477 12.84 0.000 13.35229 18.16391 lwhitemg | -1.332361 .1145137 -11.63 0.000 -1.556803 -1.107918 _cons | -39.64057 15.08941 -2.63 0.009 -69.21527 -10.06587------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000866 lgdp | -.000672 .003597 lgdpau | -.000633 -.000148 .171879lgdpdfrati~w | -.00078 .000814 .000114 .036261 lpopau | .001785 .001594 -.57638 .015094 2.14642 lpop | -.000099 -.002669 .000539 .000687 -.005807 .006511 lxrate1 | .000048 .000108 .000207 .000573 -.00276 -.000124 .00028 lremote | .000934 .002068 -.007987 -.003793 .023372 -.001695 .00011 ldist | .002539 -.003984 -.010445 -.008132 -.000251 .009191 .000061 lopen | -.000017 -.000058 .000158 .000363 -.004469 .00055 -.000052 english | -.001276 -.000738 .00341 .002893 -.017789 .004871 .000144 white | .004238 -.01734 .03009 -.004181 -.282095 .026595 .003626 lwhitemg | -.000484 .000956 -.003093 .000249 .0277 -.002032 -.000387 _cons | -.032679 -.03823 5.21777 -.20735 -20.6433 -.034128 .036695

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017098 ldist | .017094 .181965 lopen | .000019 .000286 .001506 english | -.005072 .007658 .000115 .035368 white | -.005253 -.016731 -.000446 .048099 1.5067 lwhitemg | .00061 .002593 .000061 -.004126 -.137412 .013113 _cons | -.509245 -1.67591 .060711 .110657 4.01844 -.393329 227.69

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 263.38Log likelihood = 137.7658 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0021267 .0191374 -0.11 0.912 -.0396354 .035382 lgdp | .2869783 .0520934 5.51 0.000 .184877 .3890795 lgdpau | -.3338085 .3540514 -0.94 0.346 -1.027737 .3601195lgdpdfrati~w | -.099661 .1454228 -0.69 0.493 -.3846845 .1853625 lpopau | 4.463399 1.288441 3.46 0.001 1.938101 6.988696 lpop | -.0815255 .063106 -1.29 0.196 -.205211 .0421601 lxrate1 | -.100357 .0153956 -6.52 0.000 -.1305318 -.0701822 lremote | .3742084 .1348453 2.78 0.006 .1099164 .6385004 ldist | -1.343397 .2891167 -4.65 0.000 -1.910056 -.7767391 lopen | .028583 .0286163 1.00 0.318 -.0275039 .08467 english | .2131504 .1730832 1.23 0.218 -.1260864 .5523871 white | 9.266533 2.034033 4.56 0.000 5.279901 13.25317 lwhitemg | -.7821763 .1937234 -4.04 0.000 -1.161867 -.4024853 _cons | -59.91588 13.70133 -4.37 0.000 -86.77 -33.06176------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000366 lgdp | -.000391 .002714 lgdpau | .000216 -.000707 .125352

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lgdpdfrati~w | -.00049 .000446 -.005312 .021148 lpopau | -.002296 .003917 -.430137 .025264 1.66008 lpop | .000098 -.002389 -.000079 -.000046 .000554 .003982 lxrate1 | -2.3e-06 .000015 .000515 .000491 -.004523 -.000129 .000237 lremote | .00035 .001798 -.008521 -.001771 .029675 -.001489 -.000083 ldist | .001887 -.002369 -.002689 -.001984 .004066 .00571 -1.3e-06 lopen | -9.3e-06 5.4e-06 .000071 .000244 -.001526 .000174 -.000027 english | -.000313 -.002219 .000086 .000799 .020155 .005265 .000182 white | .002838 -.016369 .017004 -.005459 -.137896 .017394 .001788 lwhitemg | -.000314 .001062 -.002066 .00051 .014067 -.001395 -.000132 _cons | .017462 -.060277 3.96611 -.276233 -16.6503 -.058736 .062434

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .018183 ldist | .007801 .083588 lopen | .000073 -.000559 .000819 english | -.001354 .018778 -.000317 .029958 white | -.000087 .023422 -.000775 .04006 4.13729 lwhitemg | .000714 -.003206 .000099 -.00376 -.387538 .037529 _cons | -.517554 -.911452 .025711 -.543657 1.6838 -.154454 187.727

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 492.06Log likelihood = -668.3322 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1685643 .052915 3.19 0.001 .0648528 .2722757 lgdp | .7575704 .1060756 7.14 0.000 .549666 .9654748 lgdpau | -.6537692 .6798171 -0.96 0.336 -1.986186 .6786479lgdpdfrati~w | -.3143324 .2835241 -1.11 0.268 -.8700294 .2413646 lpopau | 3.972553 2.343057 1.70 0.090 -.6197537 8.564861 lpop | -.3540409 .1507135 -2.35 0.019 -.649434 -.0586478 lxrate1 | -.1432859 .0315987 -4.53 0.000 -.2052183 -.0813536 lremote | .1220818 .2370571 0.51 0.607 -.3425415 .5867052 ldist | -3.496528 .7001022 -4.99 0.000 -4.868703 -2.124353 lopen | .0498649 .0675858 0.74 0.461 -.0826007 .1823306 english | -.6422326 .4387125 -1.46 0.143 -1.502093 .217628 white | 20.32314 4.154089 4.89 0.000 12.18128 28.46501 lwhitemg | -1.8109 .3828261 -4.73 0.000 -2.561225 -1.060575 _cons | -25.01128 23.06884 -1.08 0.278 -70.22539 20.20282------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0028 lgdp | -.002358 .011252 lgdpau | .00128 -.001503 .462151lgdpdfrati~w | -.001901 .003373 -.011027 .080386 lpopau | -.008644 -.001415 -1.53793 .063368 5.48992 lpop | 7.5e-06 -.008339 -.001458 -.001676 -.006832 .022715 lxrate1 | .000141 .000506 .002038 .001275 -.010607 -.000816 .000998 lremote | .000954 .004924 -.020701 -.012532 .03845 -.00311 .000505 ldist | .011252 .014053 -.005903 -.003861 -.060866 .004781 .000394 lopen | .000442 -.001049 -.000769 .000131 -.011792 .002003 -.000174

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english | -.005961 .003046 .001162 .005785 -.019969 .019455 .000502 white | .008017 -.036001 .124225 .01482 -.394927 .081861 .005251 lwhitemg | -.001339 .001474 -.013061 -.002674 .044374 -.00635 -.000592 _cons | .036089 -.230023 13.6788 -.743177 -50.346 -.037255 .109962

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .056196 ldist | .03344 .490143 lopen | .000727 .003306 .004568 english | -.003309 .140647 -.00161 .192469 white | .030433 .27171 .00454 .316629 17.2565 lwhitemg | -.000389 -.0416 -.000291 -.03407 -1.56399 .146556 _cons | -.962323 -4.27159 .171883 -1.40892 -.221788 .093648 532.172

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1084.75Log likelihood = -567.8727 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1958801 .0468829 4.18 0.000 .1039913 .2877689 lgdp | .5627232 .1041541 5.40 0.000 .3585849 .7668615 lgdpau | 1.026164 .7072901 1.45 0.147 -.3600993 2.412427lgdpdfrati~w | .0079529 .3054813 0.03 0.979 -.5907795 .6066854 lpopau | -4.504803 2.450068 -1.84 0.066 -9.306847 .2972417 lpop | .518778 .1317577 3.94 0.000 .2605377 .7770182 lxrate1 | -.1021832 .0331704 -3.08 0.002 -.1671961 -.0371704 lremote | -.3252137 .2553803 -1.27 0.203 -.8257498 .1753224 ldist | -2.399429 .4491046 -5.34 0.000 -3.279658 -1.5192 lopen | -.0663208 .0720695 -0.92 0.357 -.2075745 .0749328 english | 1.129779 .3290089 3.43 0.001 .4849337 1.774625 white | 23.2255 3.175137 7.31 0.000 17.00235 29.44866 lwhitemg | -2.222295 .2810817 -7.91 0.000 -2.773205 -1.671385 _cons | 55.65798 23.51334 2.37 0.018 9.572677 101.7433------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002198 lgdp | -.001975 .010848 lgdpau | -.002494 .006555 .500259lgdpdfrati~w | -.002352 .00488 -.015875 .093319 lpopau | .007431 -.042423 -1.67646 .048877 6.00283 lpop | .000393 -.009238 -.004363 -.004138 .022221 .01736 lxrate1 | .00007 .000821 .000098 .00179 -.005383 -.001023 .0011 lremote | .000756 .003536 -.011016 -.02277 .023033 -.002102 .000014 ldist | .008037 -.004323 -.010632 -.005256 .002688 .017273 .000444 lopen | .000216 .000073 .001188 .003016 -.015496 .001197 -.000082 english | -.003231 .002262 .004413 .007689 -.022278 -.000633 .000961 white | .007284 -.037673 .030469 -.023035 -.056556 .061761 .005032 lwhitemg | -.000956 .001252 -.004397 -.000159 .016022 -.004072 -.00057 _cons | -.111463 .44789 14.8334 -.274021 -55.3196 -.462363 .074447

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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lremote | .065219 ldist | .010433 .201695 lopen | .001448 .001794 .005194 english | -.011211 .060231 -.001668 .108247 white | .036491 .054133 .004148 .008454 10.0815 lwhitemg | .000187 -.008266 -.00049 .000585 -.876522 .079007 _cons | -.788725 -2.00051 .175118 -.283631 -.883716 -.029705 552.877

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1478.23Log likelihood = -744.547 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0678729 .035488 1.91 0.056 -.0016824 .1374282 lgdp | 1.150098 .1031512 11.15 0.000 .9479258 1.352271 lgdpau | .4005518 .738201 0.54 0.587 -1.046296 1.847399lgdpdfrati~w | -.1753059 .3032507 -0.58 0.563 -.7696664 .4190547 lpopau | 3.954425 2.565666 1.54 0.123 -1.074189 8.983038 lpop | -.6382597 .1487909 -4.29 0.000 -.9298845 -.3466349 lxrate1 | -.1285376 .0273569 -4.70 0.000 -.1821562 -.074919 lremote | -.2135754 .1986875 -1.07 0.282 -.6029957 .175845 ldist | -1.124227 .7478507 -1.50 0.133 -2.589987 .3415335 lopen | -.0468692 .0761455 -0.62 0.538 -.1961117 .1023732 english | .1291895 .3378893 0.38 0.702 -.5330615 .7914404 white | 27.48758 2.732998 10.06 0.000 22.131 32.84416 lwhitemg | -2.572647 .2644847 -9.73 0.000 -3.091028 -2.054267 _cons | -76.7673 25.41319 -3.02 0.003 -126.5762 -26.95836------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001259 lgdp | -.002196 .01064 lgdpau | .00004 -.000201 .544941lgdpdfrati~w | -.002396 .003876 -.017584 .091961 lpopau | -.006427 -.007643 -1.82226 .080608 6.58264 lpop | .001908 -.0125 -.002846 -.002389 .022432 .022139 lxrate1 | -.000032 .000687 .00171 .001243 -.012429 -.001104 .000748 lremote | .00142 .005038 -.01845 -.005911 .015316 -.004796 .000394 ldist | .006986 .01451 -.027796 -.007559 -.058508 .006062 .001752 lopen | .000223 -.000366 -.003061 .005258 -.000362 .000915 -.000206 english | -.001579 .004468 .004998 .005135 -.016345 -.000694 .001522 white | .017126 -.058293 .065837 -.026742 -.452431 .074564 .007725 lwhitemg | -.001506 .003959 -.007314 .002137 .049359 -.005559 -.000754 _cons | .042359 -.089329 16.4162 -.886728 -61.1698 -.382438 .138523

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039477 ldist | .074263 .559281 lopen | .001983 .002809 .005798 english | .00073 .062269 -.000972 .114169 white | .024895 .069238 -.006316 .193618 7.46928 lwhitemg | -.001541 -.01365 .000823 -.021785 -.711897 .069952 _cons | -.864561 -4.76039 .034678 -.565153 4.93109 -.475156 645.83

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. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 561.92Log likelihood = -567.2651 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4180681 .0582933 7.17 0.000 .3038153 .5323209 lgdp | .2321554 .0979968 2.37 0.018 .0400852 .4242256 lgdpau | 1.193175 .7635598 1.56 0.118 -.3033752 2.689724lgdpdfrati~w | -.5941031 .3226978 -1.84 0.066 -1.226579 .0383729 lpopau | -5.088652 2.63765 -1.93 0.054 -10.25835 .0810472 lpop | .3669141 .1041216 3.52 0.000 .1628395 .5709887 lxrate1 | -.0909426 .0342367 -2.66 0.008 -.1580452 -.0238399 lremote | -.0026831 .2317995 -0.01 0.991 -.4570018 .4516356 ldist | -1.246268 .582467 -2.14 0.032 -2.387882 -.1046535 lopen | .0711838 .0735298 0.97 0.333 -.072932 .2152996 english | -.0563559 .2827019 -0.20 0.842 -.6104415 .4977297 white | 19.85914 2.071523 9.59 0.000 15.79903 23.91925 lwhitemg | -1.8652 .1981977 -9.41 0.000 -2.253661 -1.47674 _cons | 56.73134 24.93936 2.27 0.023 7.851099 105.6116------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003398 lgdp | -.003206 .009603 lgdpau | -.002281 .00615 .583024lgdpdfrati~w | -.002533 .005597 -.011352 .104134 lpopau | .005143 -.034209 -1.95053 .057301 6.9572 lpop | .001039 -.006057 -.003821 -.003745 .009605 .010841 lxrate1 | .000328 .00043 -.000197 .000871 -.004109 -.000599 .001172 lremote | .000059 .00343 -.009321 -.017258 -.003015 .000532 .001415 ldist | .010795 .003055 -.003387 -.010406 -.079731 .004787 .000682 lopen | -.000308 .000725 .002198 -4.6e-06 -.023921 .001848 -.00017 english | -.003744 .00696 .005636 .001654 -.025084 -.000016 -.001445 white | .022542 -.039242 -.002767 -.071145 .090454 .01583 -.000317 lwhitemg | -.00257 .002272 -.001587 .00435 .002718 -.000524 -.000287 _cons | -.091776 .237941 17.1234 -.561504 -62.9619 -.145423 .049209

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053731 ldist | .038238 .339268 lopen | .002603 .004287 .005407 english | .008796 .093976 -.000142 .07992 white | .116842 .207984 -.007587 .143174 4.29121 lwhitemg | -.008228 -.030675 .000714 -.016897 -.401582 .039282 _cons | -.617752 -2.35941 .236714 -.850198 -3.92419 .334815 621.972

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1426.83Log likelihood = -271.5035 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0018308 .0247828 0.07 0.941 -.0467427 .0504043 lgdp | .4465387 .0839848 5.32 0.000 .2819314 .611146 lgdpau | -.3871796 .4973764 -0.78 0.436 -1.362019 .5876602lgdpdfrati~w | .1646272 .2356275 0.70 0.485 -.2971942 .6264485 lpopau | 1.457993 1.71451 0.85 0.395 -1.902385 4.818371 lpop | -.2427725 .1225728 -1.98 0.048 -.4830107 -.0025342 lxrate1 | -.0405877 .023124 -1.76 0.079 -.08591 .0047345 lremote | -.0219959 .1779876 -0.12 0.902 -.3708453 .3268535 ldist | -4.07475 .5275802 -7.72 0.000 -5.108788 -3.040712 lopen | .0017621 .0499109 0.04 0.972 -.0960615 .0995857 english | -.0426432 .289958 -0.15 0.883 -.6109505 .5256641 white | 16.50452 2.602275 6.34 0.000 11.40416 21.60488 lwhitemg | -1.215585 .2789728 -4.36 0.000 -1.762362 -.6688084 _cons | 20.11951 17.25321 1.17 0.244 -13.69615 53.93517------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000614 lgdp | -.000763 .007053 lgdpau | .00003 -.002306 .247383lgdpdfrati~w | -.001084 .002696 -.007977 .05552 lpopau | -.000892 .001666 -.824002 .048738 2.93954 lpop | .000225 -.006668 .0002 -.001033 -.005721 .015024 lxrate1 | -.000039 .0002 .001437 .001097 -.006802 -.000536 .000535 lremote | .000254 .002209 -.019297 -.005407 .05636 -.002572 -.000172 ldist | .002635 .002971 -.012788 -.002121 -.008462 .019429 -.000506 lopen | .00006 -.000221 -.002032 .001594 .002132 .000892 -.000019 english | -.001272 .001106 .001426 .002357 -.00519 .004413 .000571 white | .004297 -.038595 .039422 -.01621 -.274155 .070115 .001878 lwhitemg | -.000457 .001655 -.004875 .000685 .03318 -.005578 -.000011 _cons | -.001389 -.065607 7.51897 -.632506 -27.5365 -.159028 .082021

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .03168 ldist | .015253 .278341 lopen | .000029 .000941 .002491 english | -.000039 .055941 .000208 .084076 white | .001163 .158896 -.000087 .108133 6.77183 lwhitemg | .002678 -.020327 .000081 -.011068 -.715622 .077826 _cons | -.856714 -2.71459 -.000913 -.591499 1.71349 -.199283 297.673

.

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. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Costa Rica

. drop if ccode==341880(10 observations deleted)

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9963.69Log likelihood = -536.5705 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3330649 .0305713 10.89 0.000 .2731464 .3929835 lgdp | 1.19093 .0326513 36.47 0.000 1.126935 1.254925 lgdpau | .0889413 .6014391 0.15 0.882 -1.089858 1.26774lgdpdfrati~w | -.8913566 .2447263 -3.64 0.000 -1.371011 -.4117019 lpopau | -2.393427 2.075431 -1.15 0.249 -6.461198 1.674343 lpop | .0320944 .0406786 0.79 0.430 -.0476342 .111823 lxrate1 | -.1296596 .0165334 -7.84 0.000 -.1620645 -.0972546 lremote | -.433302 .0760221 -5.70 0.000 -.5823025 -.2843015 ldist | -2.096165 .1573583 -13.32 0.000 -2.404582 -1.787749 lopen | .2708892 .0548258 4.94 0.000 .1634327 .3783457 english | .9197417 .124999 7.36 0.000 .6747481 1.164735 white | 4.690169 .5632064 8.33 0.000 3.586305 5.794033 lwhitemg | -.4332999 .0501979 -8.63 0.000 -.5316861 -.3349138 _cons | 39.37795 19.08961 2.06 0.039 1.963003 76.7929------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000935 lgdp | -.000303 .001066 lgdpau | -.000838 .001346 .361729lgdpdfrati~w | -.00082 .000174 -.009367 .059891 lpopau | .001708 -.007917 -1.22422 .049634 4.30742 lpop | -.000131 -.000709 .000153 .000177 -.000525 .001655 lxrate1 | .000096 .000147 .0004 .000175 -.00269 -.000102 .000273 lremote | .000451 .000034 -.000491 -.00179 -.002622 -.000263 .000068 ldist | .001688 .000998 .001323 -.001181 -.01774 .000016 .001557

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lopen | -.000183 .000614 .002382 .000734 -.016178 .00035 .00017 english | -.00115 .002718 .002972 .002226 -.011229 -.001253 .000533 white | .004331 -.001387 .003056 -.010246 -.024602 .004865 .000143 lwhitemg | -.000543 .000127 -.000297 .00094 .002794 -.000398 -.000036 _cons | -.023477 .072701 10.7911 -.615641 -39.0255 -.00116 .015242

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005779 ldist | .004531 .024762 lopen | .001326 .001204 .003006 english | -.003296 .002561 -.000702 .015625 white | -.000752 .001442 -.00087 .004451 .317201 lwhitemg | .000212 -.000738 -7.5e-06 -.000251 -.027764 .00252 _cons | -.032155 -.052452 .165284 .064189 .23766 -.02567 364.413

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 72812.52Log likelihood = -991.1833 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0485377 .0138469 3.51 0.000 .0213983 .0756772 lgdp | 1.655351 .0489628 33.81 0.000 1.559386 1.751316 lgdpau | 1.014713 .3662558 2.77 0.006 .2968643 1.732561lgdpdfrati~w | -.4680609 .1478595 -3.17 0.002 -.7578601 -.1782616 lpopau | -6.670266 1.233535 -5.41 0.000 -9.08795 -4.252582 lpop | -.4300335 .080358 -5.35 0.000 -.5875322 -.2725348 lxrate1 | -.1167123 .0204064 -5.72 0.000 -.1567081 -.0767164 lremote | -.9483019 .0832234 -11.39 0.000 -1.111417 -.785187 ldist | -3.20267 .1506225 -21.26 0.000 -3.497884 -2.907455 lopen | -.0519085 .0269688 -1.92 0.054 -.1047662 .0009493 english | .9971076 .0870515 11.45 0.000 .8264898 1.167725 white | 4.384854 .7401667 5.92 0.000 2.934153 5.835554 lwhitemg | -.4440145 .0710807 -6.25 0.000 -.5833301 -.3046988 _cons | 96.77366 11.53329 8.39 0.000 74.16882 119.3785------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000192 lgdp | -.000287 .002397 lgdpau | -.001329 .001868 .134143lgdpdfrati~w | -.000596 .000511 -.011878 .021862 lpopau | .005055 -.007603 -.441732 .025432 1.52161 lpop | .000205 -.003703 -.001566 .000477 .004855 .006457 lxrate1 | -.00003 .000272 -.000087 .000426 -.002822 -.000289 .000416 lremote | .000494 .000653 -.005968 -.002569 .020311 -.001706 .000152 ldist | .000677 -.001309 -.006257 -.001093 .015628 .001972 .000579 lopen | .000049 -.000074 -.000955 .00095 .00341 .000222 -.000069 english | -.00042 .000267 .003044 .00263 -.01904 .000219 .001117 white | .001278 -.010469 -.010016 -.003333 .041785 .015423 -.00102 lwhitemg | -.000089 .00056 .000465 .000244 -.002962 -.000736 .000155

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_cons | -.056739 .08769 3.92047 -.115496 -13.9261 -.06105 .038829

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006926 ldist | .002784 .022687 lopen | .000526 .000188 .000727 english | -.002606 .002235 -.000394 .007578 white | .003378 -.026362 .0015 -.002689 .547847 lwhitemg | -.000035 .003346 -.000126 .000489 -.051545 .005052 _cons | -.255838 -.345166 -.0404 .222378 -.20682 .003137 133.017

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7223.72Log likelihood = -927.7082 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0849341 .0220425 3.85 0.000 .0417315 .1281367 lgdp | 1.751007 .0745989 23.47 0.000 1.604796 1.897219 lgdpau | .4826595 .593471 0.81 0.416 -.6805223 1.645841lgdpdfrati~w | -.4861786 .224267 -2.17 0.030 -.9257339 -.0466233 lpopau | -4.148098 2.055203 -2.02 0.044 -8.176222 -.1199741 lpop | -.6554356 .0862793 -7.60 0.000 -.82454 -.4863312 lxrate1 | -.143211 .0282648 -5.07 0.000 -.1986089 -.0878131 lremote | -.3499982 .1410442 -2.48 0.013 -.6264396 -.0735567 ldist | -4.153439 .346943 -11.97 0.000 -4.833434 -3.473443 lopen | .0739974 .0432317 1.71 0.087 -.0107353 .15873 english | 1.147583 .1483249 7.74 0.000 .8568715 1.438294 white | 9.321543 1.878218 4.96 0.000 5.640303 13.00278 lwhitemg | -.7670259 .1881342 -4.08 0.000 -1.135762 -.3982897 _cons | 73.87712 19.4329 3.80 0.000 35.78934 111.9649------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000486 lgdp | -.000827 .005565 lgdpau | -.002008 .005818 .352208lgdpdfrati~w | -.000806 .002331 -.023835 .050296 lpopau | .005287 -.024231 -1.18598 .076922 4.22386 lpop | .000643 -.004796 -.003348 -.001948 .008206 .007444 lxrate1 | 2.1e-06 .000619 .000593 .000912 -.00693 -.000862 .000799 lremote | -.000113 -.000757 -.009985 -.002008 .033847 -.001647 .00022 ldist | .002004 .009664 -.008651 -.001673 -.0172 -.003329 .00162 lopen | .000086 -.000459 -.000799 .001797 .003625 .000848 -.00013 english | -.000866 .002487 .009375 .001455 -.053678 .002873 .001982 white | .001756 -.033443 .001627 -.005545 -.023306 .030674 .003962 lwhitemg | -.000157 .001624 -.002144 -.000083 .010945 -.001994 -.000438 _cons | -.045865 .115525 10.5582 -.687495 -38.7715 -.010998 .077453

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .019893 ldist | .008178 .120369 lopen | .00066 -.000386 .001869 english | -.006263 .0052 -.001369 .022 white | .012587 -.136158 .002138 .025115 3.5277 lwhitemg | .00131 .009775 -.000112 -.003227 -.345188 .035394 _cons | -.509753 -.885045 -.04495 .539383 1.76163 -.23212 377.638

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2314.61Log likelihood = -1104.479 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0992547 .036362 2.73 0.006 .0279864 .1705229 lgdp | .9175839 .0747649 12.27 0.000 .7710474 1.06412 lgdpau | -.3732783 .7917706 -0.47 0.637 -1.92512 1.178564lgdpdfrati~w | -.4601312 .318712 -1.44 0.149 -1.084795 .1645328 lpopau | .1757785 2.710489 0.06 0.948 -5.136682 5.488239 lpop | -.0267586 .0911412 -0.29 0.769 -.2053921 .1518748 lxrate1 | -.166862 .0317983 -5.25 0.000 -.2291856 -.1045385 lremote | .4825876 .2228397 2.17 0.030 .0458299 .9193453 ldist | -1.266556 .3039409 -4.17 0.000 -1.862269 -.6708425 lopen | .3620032 .0723069 5.01 0.000 .2202843 .5037221 english | 1.829468 .2428631 7.53 0.000 1.353465 2.305471 white | 1.131995 2.153482 0.53 0.599 -3.088752 5.352742 lwhitemg | .2138145 .1883087 1.14 0.256 -.1552638 .5828929 _cons | -2.551181 25.45754 -0.10 0.920 -52.44705 47.34469------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001322 lgdp | -.001185 .00559 lgdpau | -.001787 .001018 .626901lgdpdfrati~w | .000013 .000334 -.018044 .101577 lpopau | .004407 -.01077 -2.11136 .031083 7.34675 lpop | .000271 -.005012 .001136 .000157 -.000527 .008307 lxrate1 | .000131 .000815 .000279 .001448 -.007347 -.0012 .001011 lremote | .001241 .000257 -.025126 -.014658 .082175 .000517 -.000864 ldist | .003556 -.007323 -.020209 -.006578 .058092 .011854 .000049 lopen | .000172 -.000994 .004918 .002925 -.021536 .002803 -.000108 english | -.002906 -.000682 .009165 .003466 -.024374 .001036 .001342 white | .002541 -.02074 .099306 .009536 -.358162 .01529 .000046 lwhitemg | -.000364 .000625 -.010265 -.002154 .038988 .000038 -.000153 _cons | -.054535 .178013 18.9797 .036134 -67.5792 -.154713 .11672

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .049658 ldist | .018437 .09238 lopen | .001392 -.001326 .005228 english | -.014707 .010951 -.001349 .058982

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white | .03601 -.005694 .006892 .052516 4.63748 lwhitemg | -.000464 .004432 -.000422 -.004046 -.395156 .03546 _cons | -1.31506 -1.51868 .206756 .180556 3.27048 -.427034 648.086

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 60822.76Log likelihood = -918.3963 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0281047 .0138415 2.03 0.042 .0009758 .0552336 lgdp | 1.497188 .057918 25.85 0.000 1.383671 1.610706 lgdpau | .6328824 .3621936 1.75 0.081 -.077004 1.342769lgdpdfrati~w | -.3035391 .1368893 -2.22 0.027 -.5718372 -.0352409 lpopau | -6.435011 1.229162 -5.24 0.000 -8.844124 -4.025899 lpop | -.0732006 .0965397 -0.76 0.448 -.2624149 .1160136 lxrate1 | -.053952 .0186458 -2.89 0.004 -.0904971 -.017407 lremote | -.5744052 .1474383 -3.90 0.000 -.8633789 -.2854315 ldist | -2.365328 .1758382 -13.45 0.000 -2.709965 -2.020692 lopen | -.0348832 .0276455 -1.26 0.207 -.0890674 .019301 english | 1.141449 .1180746 9.67 0.000 .9100271 1.372871 white | 3.931511 .8018829 4.90 0.000 2.35985 5.503173 lwhitemg | -.2793241 .0703152 -3.97 0.000 -.4171393 -.1415089 _cons | 89.23304 11.67848 7.64 0.000 66.34364 112.1224------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000192 lgdp | -.00022 .003354 lgdpau | -.000933 .002138 .131184lgdpdfrati~w | -.000348 .001006 -.007346 .018739 lpopau | .003396 -.008257 -.436622 .010722 1.51084 lpop | .000142 -.005286 -.001787 -.000459 .004759 .00932 lxrate1 | 1.6e-06 .000276 -.000022 .000488 -.002773 -.000322 .000348 lremote | 9.7e-06 -.001008 -.013318 -.004505 .049373 .000247 -.000289 ldist | .000904 -.006786 -.004748 .000448 .007456 .01145 .000509 lopen | .000019 -.000149 -.000879 .000836 .003324 .000345 -.000076 english | -.000294 -.001048 .003276 .002362 -.016837 .001209 .00088 white | .000322 -.016651 -.019964 -.004317 .040004 .028833 .002311 lwhitemg | -.000061 .000608 .000452 -.000126 .001491 -.001294 -.000285 _cons | -.038412 .162066 3.95518 .017187 -14.0227 -.170977 .041429

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .021738 ldist | -.002303 .030919 lopen | .001167 .000395 .000764 english | -.004162 .008405 -.000407 .013942 white | .024747 .030047 .001226 .006374 .643016 lwhitemg | .000038 -.001245 .000016 -.000119 -.053256 .004944 _cons | -.614523 -.311494 -.048651 .146694 -.729356 -.01729 136.387

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. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7839.55Log likelihood = -945.275 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .175601 .0292808 6.00 0.000 .1182117 .2329904 lgdp | 1.622169 .0745882 21.75 0.000 1.475978 1.768359 lgdpau | .1124121 .6406594 0.18 0.861 -1.143257 1.368081lgdpdfrati~w | -.2077514 .2544705 -0.82 0.414 -.7065044 .2910016 lpopau | -2.220436 2.234948 -0.99 0.320 -6.600853 2.15998 lpop | -.5663695 .0818205 -6.92 0.000 -.7267348 -.4060043 lxrate1 | -.1372774 .0286652 -4.79 0.000 -.1934602 -.0810945 lremote | -.3029197 .1308116 -2.32 0.021 -.5593058 -.0465337 ldist | -3.56438 .3446494 -10.34 0.000 -4.239881 -2.88888 lopen | .1088104 .0482937 2.25 0.024 .0141565 .2034644 english | .920439 .1413261 6.51 0.000 .6434449 1.197433 white | 10.05166 1.8729 5.37 0.000 6.380843 13.72248 lwhitemg | -.8525098 .1876185 -4.54 0.000 -1.220235 -.4847843 _cons | 46.33623 21.08347 2.20 0.028 5.013397 87.65906------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000857 lgdp | -.001322 .005563 lgdpau | -.002057 .005486 .410444lgdpdfrati~w | -.00107 .00251 -.027055 .064755 lpopau | .004855 -.023223 -1.39439 .100541 4.99499 lpop | .000854 -.004537 -.003405 -.001559 .011961 .006695 lxrate1 | .000066 .000435 .000561 .000999 -.006836 -.000708 .000822 lremote | -.000046 -.000729 -.005991 -.001245 .015334 -.001326 .000246 ldist | .003762 .004856 -.008519 -.002366 -.025036 -.000679 .001699 lopen | .000121 -.000636 .000578 .001437 -.003351 .001247 -.00019 english | -.001461 .003728 .006073 .003923 -.030595 .000519 .00204 white | .001769 -.030564 .006156 -.000529 .001742 .023718 .004645 lwhitemg | -.000145 .001659 -.002071 -.000436 .006443 -.00158 -.000462 _cons | -.048634 .15108 12.4659 -1.02142 -45.9798 -.094559 .07684

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017112 ldist | .008823 .118783 lopen | .000439 -.000701 .002332 english | -.005182 .001018 -.001438 .019973 white | .012775 -.143297 .003194 .015679 3.50776 lwhitemg | .000988 .011671 -.000213 -.002314 -.344386 .035201 _cons | -.295603 -.690764 .038204 .282426 1.33423 -.181584 444.513

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8468.71Log likelihood = -1104.818 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0235907 .0156902 1.50 0.133 -.0071616 .054343 lgdp | 1.313659 .050542 25.99 0.000 1.214599 1.41272 lgdpau | .4335626 .5067361 0.86 0.392 -.5596219 1.426747lgdpdfrati~w | -.0724317 .1658844 -0.44 0.662 -.3975591 .2526956 lpopau | -5.088534 1.720607 -2.96 0.003 -8.460861 -1.716207 lpop | .1304502 .0700017 1.86 0.062 -.0067506 .2676511 lxrate1 | -.0697912 .0200091 -3.49 0.000 -.1090083 -.0305741 lremote | -.8591831 .1649289 -5.21 0.000 -1.182438 -.5359284 ldist | -3.325107 .2144816 -15.50 0.000 -3.745484 -2.904731 lopen | .0840061 .0421998 1.99 0.047 .0012961 .1667161 english | 2.437834 .1380011 17.67 0.000 2.167357 2.708312 white | 4.252554 1.145279 3.71 0.000 2.007848 6.49726 lwhitemg | -.20452 .0954401 -2.14 0.032 -.3915791 -.017461 _cons | 83.42525 16.43423 5.08 0.000 51.21476 115.6357------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000246 lgdp | -.000388 .002554 lgdpau | -.000198 .000049 .256781lgdpdfrati~w | -.000472 .000697 .001692 .027518 lpopau | -.001115 .001285 -.852005 -.004591 2.96049 lpop | .000187 -.002738 -.000304 -.000045 -.00188 .0049 lxrate1 | -.000021 .000246 .000335 .00068 -.002581 -.000405 .0004 lremote | .000254 .000904 -.01897 -.001429 .057484 -.001081 -.000126 ldist | .000667 .000599 -.012489 -.001405 .027007 -.000133 .000331 lopen | .000077 -.000318 -.00012 .001785 .000828 .000683 -.000131 english | -.000793 .000361 .002823 .001871 -.009767 .001554 .00103 white | .000263 -.013684 -.003666 -.001322 .005202 .023482 -.000214 lwhitemg | -1.9e-06 .000697 -.000996 .000193 .003363 -.001519 .000081 _cons | .020733 -.049323 7.68464 .014663 -27.5157 .033304 .030313

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027202 ldist | .017824 .046002 lopen | .000884 .00005 .001781 english | -.003948 .002639 -.001361 .019044 white | .003519 -.005489 .000686 .033169 1.31166 lwhitemg | .001401 .002492 2.5e-06 -.002882 -.105636 .009109 _cons | -.867038 -.732837 -.022821 .05675 -.047897 -.057269 270.084

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 577.39Log likelihood = -553.5192 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2252976 .0376895 5.98 0.000 .1514275 .2991677 lgdp | .2531009 .0697371 3.63 0.000 .1164188 .3897831 lgdpau | -.9435944 .2383566 -3.96 0.000 -1.410765 -.476424lgdpdfrati~w | -.2419052 .137148 -1.76 0.078 -.5107103 .0269 lpopau | 1.119551 .8061243 1.39 0.165 -.4604233 2.699526 lpop | .4956693 .08516 5.82 0.000 .3287587 .6625799 lxrate1 | -.1148953 .0210254 -5.46 0.000 -.1561043 -.0736864 lremote | -.0606755 .0687577 -0.88 0.378 -.1954381 .0740872 ldist | -1.297805 .3654964 -3.55 0.000 -2.014165 -.5814454 lopen | .0271574 .0281143 0.97 0.334 -.0279457 .0822604 english | .7453169 .2058839 3.62 0.000 .3417918 1.148842 white | 9.573548 .697103 13.73 0.000 8.207251 10.93984 lwhitemg | -.9561465 .0694878 -13.76 0.000 -1.09234 -.8199529 _cons | 11.46791 7.890884 1.45 0.146 -3.997935 26.93376------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00142 lgdp | -.001289 .004863 lgdpau | -.000077 .000498 .056814lgdpdfrati~w | -.000085 .001198 .006081 .01881 lpopau | .001175 -.005964 -.182568 -.00891 .649836 lpop | .000129 -.003605 -.001629 -.001025 -.000323 .007252 lxrate1 | -.000033 .000304 .002718 .001228 -.008838 -.000362 .000442 lremote | .000141 .000172 -.002362 -.001369 .005567 -.000195 -.000119 ldist | .002508 -.008433 .002527 -.000419 -.028673 .016734 .000432 lopen | -.000093 -.000252 -.002149 .000027 .005082 .000504 -.000212 english | -.002138 .001459 .006128 .002702 -.030597 .004416 .001019 white | .006025 -.009147 .018927 .007743 -.078083 .015195 .002796 lwhitemg | -.000614 -.000012 -.001961 -.001081 .008476 -.000561 -.000323 _cons | -.024156 .114698 1.53053 -.032487 -5.57964 -.14044 .067899

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .004728 ldist | .00361 .133588 lopen | .000109 .000141 .00079 english | -.000199 .011586 -.000474 .042388 white | .000033 -.021896 -.001501 .044733 .485953 lwhitemg | .000273 .004707 .000223 -.002133 -.045486 .004829 _cons | -.105703 -.98708 -.030156 .117414 .883141 -.119144 62.2661

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3959.12Log likelihood = -591.2901 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1458918 .0301942 4.83 0.000 .0867124 .2050713 lgdp | .2654368 .0523455 5.07 0.000 .1628415 .3680321 lgdpau | -.1218713 .0596764 -2.04 0.041 -.2388349 -.0049077lgdpdfrati~w | -.1363662 .039761 -3.43 0.001 -.2142962 -.0584361 lpopau | 3.112842 .2519473 12.36 0.000 2.619035 3.60665 lpop | .7881835 .1009694 7.81 0.000 .5902872 .9860799 lxrate1 | -.0148058 .0077981 -1.90 0.058 -.0300898 .0004781 lremote | .1638991 .0310634 5.28 0.000 .1030159 .2247823 ldist | -3.168906 .3447746 -9.19 0.000 -3.844652 -2.49316 lopen | .0050866 .028739 0.18 0.860 -.0512409 .061414 english | .7472297 .2750732 2.72 0.007 .2080961 1.286363 white | 25.42303 2.905859 8.75 0.000 19.72765 31.11841 lwhitemg | -2.32549 .2736066 -8.50 0.000 -2.861749 -1.789231 _cons | -32.96645 5.160775 -6.39 0.000 -43.08138 -22.85152------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000912 lgdp | -.000493 .00274 lgdpau | -.000637 -.000498 .003561lgdpdfrati~w | .000308 -.001084 .000737 .001581 lpopau | .004573 .000294 -.012456 .000286 .063477 lpop | -.000288 -.00246 .00138 .000606 -.004774 .010195 lxrate1 | .000011 .000076 -.000046 .00003 .000617 -.000227 .000061 lremote | -.000298 .001154 -.000603 -.000924 .000071 -.000807 .000029 ldist | .003315 -.000226 -.002857 .000082 .022309 -.00115 -.000084 lopen | -.000338 -.00023 .000252 -.000382 -.003972 .001121 -.000154 english | -.000718 .000091 .000653 .000092 -.005959 .000663 .000028 white | .002414 -.006634 .001814 .002317 -.002473 .033425 -.000576 lwhitemg | -.0005 .00026 .000121 -.000124 -.002142 -.003166 .00005 _cons | -.07809 -.020764 .138655 -.005165 -.897664 -.042484 -.007038

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .000965 ldist | -.000053 .11887 lopen | .000176 -.0008 .000826 english | -.000089 .054268 .000035 .075665 white | -.002772 .032026 .001758 .04973 8.44401 lwhitemg | .000152 -.005793 -.000027 -.004219 -.782776 .074861 _cons | -.004296 -1.43079 .056444 -.462133 -.706212 .135034 26.6336

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 481.59Log likelihood = -536.5318 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5089375 .0489038 10.41 0.000 .4130879 .6047872 lgdp | .0532264 .0795388 0.67 0.503 -.1026668 .2091195 lgdpau | 1.89841 .7762215 2.45 0.014 .3770435 3.419776lgdpdfrati~w | -.5677741 .2740442 -2.07 0.038 -1.104891 -.0306573 lpopau | -9.052571 2.66449 -3.40 0.001 -14.27488 -3.830266 lpop | .2904304 .1003462 2.89 0.004 .0937555 .4871054 lxrate1 | -.1020098 .025219 -4.04 0.000 -.1514381 -.0525816 lremote | .0052639 .2511782 0.02 0.983 -.4870363 .4975641 ldist | -1.602853 .323116 -4.96 0.000 -2.236149 -.9695574 lopen | .057767 .0529075 1.09 0.275 -.0459298 .1614637 english | -.0670729 .2204166 -0.30 0.761 -.4990815 .3649357 white | 9.106038 1.077964 8.45 0.000 6.993268 11.21881 lwhitemg | -.8388031 .0952732 -8.80 0.000 -1.025535 -.6520711 _cons | 112.8891 25.28213 4.47 0.000 63.33702 162.4412------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002392 lgdp | -.001461 .006326 lgdpau | .000473 -.000277 .60252lgdpdfrati~w | -.001234 .001663 -.017253 .0751 lpopau | -.00605 -.005912 -2.00996 .065313 7.09951 lpop | -.000133 -.004775 -.000919 -.00078 .000959 .010069 lxrate1 | .000133 -.000121 .000392 .000903 -.004026 -.000406 .000636 lremote | .001538 .004174 -.022511 -.011219 .061629 -.002809 .000448 ldist | .004799 .000875 -.010096 -.003423 -.007621 .004346 .00066 lopen | -.000262 .000782 .000144 -.000338 -.008831 .000468 -3.6e-06 english | -.001791 .002267 .004327 .004513 -.021439 -.000997 .000993 white | .013517 -.026602 .01299 -.00554 -.070852 .032292 .005486 lwhitemg | -.001315 .001322 -.002644 -.000284 .013766 -.001879 -.000455 _cons | .047915 .002264 17.8588 -.598745 -65.4248 -.059132 .051681

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .06309 ldist | .030483 .104404 lopen | .001137 .001902 .002799 english | -.009261 .019453 .000103 .048583 white | .019637 .000068 -.002084 .016794 1.16201 lwhitemg | .000608 .000536 .000093 -.001026 -.098354 .009077 _cons | -1.31808 -.986865 .093694 .088633 .602308 -.15583 639.186

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1315.73Log likelihood = -373.0981 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0332249 .0174655 1.90 0.057 -.001007 .0674567 lgdp | .2360024 .0582139 4.05 0.000 .1219052 .3500996 lgdpau | -.1518922 .3322596 -0.46 0.648 -.803109 .4993247lgdpdfrati~w | -.4175352 .2010906 -2.08 0.038 -.8116656 -.0234049 lpopau | 2.229593 1.177556 1.89 0.058 -.0783745 4.537561

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lpop | .0957636 .0725536 1.32 0.187 -.0464389 .2379661 lxrate1 | -.0796218 .01904 -4.18 0.000 -.1169395 -.042304 lremote | -.1446793 .1170094 -1.24 0.216 -.3740135 .0846549 ldist | -1.340664 .2153539 -6.23 0.000 -1.76275 -.9185783 lopen | .0099705 .0258514 0.39 0.700 -.0406974 .0606383 english | 1.969366 .2211746 8.90 0.000 1.535872 2.402861 white | 9.382822 1.796873 5.22 0.000 5.861017 12.90463 lwhitemg | -.7056284 .1847715 -3.82 0.000 -1.067774 -.3434828 _cons | -24.22383 11.80075 -2.05 0.040 -47.35288 -1.094774------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000305 lgdp | -.000343 .003389 lgdpau | .000139 -.000824 .110396lgdpdfrati~w | -.000494 -.000414 -.002234 .040437 lpopau | -.000715 .003284 -.377235 .024787 1.38664 lpop | .000141 -.003266 .000353 .000991 -.004608 .005264 lxrate1 | -.000016 .000193 .001262 .000773 -.006037 -.000189 .000363 lremote | .000189 .001197 -.007212 -.003867 .025137 -.000748 -.000425 ldist | .000821 .000707 -.001797 -.00145 -.000726 .002635 -.000349 lopen | .000027 -.000245 .000223 .001128 -.002169 .00032 5.0e-06 english | -.000246 -.003053 .00332 .003576 -.008302 .005222 .000304 white | .001829 -.025232 .008766 .003158 -.048427 .028073 .000905 lwhitemg | -.000177 .001461 -.000899 -.000038 .004205 -.001886 -.000076 _cons | .003207 -.071469 3.45131 -.355807 -13.3274 .03777 .070769

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .013691 ldist | .001215 .046377 lopen | -.000099 -.000058 .000668 english | -.004679 .016014 -.000021 .048918 white | .010006 -.027152 .001392 .076903 3.22875 lwhitemg | -.000393 .001459 -.000077 -.007227 -.327314 .034141 _cons | -.36808 -.451673 .031181 -.084445 .834818 -.0577 139.258

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1042.25Log likelihood = -834.6295 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1401117 .0641683 2.18 0.029 .0143442 .2658792 lgdp | .5638553 .1102068 5.12 0.000 .3478539 .7798566 lgdpau | -2.238129 1.084022 -2.06 0.039 -4.362774 -.1134847lgdpdfrati~w | -1.026872 .4346153 -2.36 0.018 -1.878702 -.1750412 lpopau | 4.631578 3.715463 1.25 0.213 -2.650596 11.91375 lpop | .1765543 .1259427 1.40 0.161 -.0702888 .4233974 lxrate1 | -.143 .0396933 -3.60 0.000 -.2207975 -.0652025 lremote | 1.653687 .2733651 6.05 0.000 1.117901 2.189473 ldist | -1.701499 .4896427 -3.47 0.001 -2.661181 -.741817 lopen | -.005036 .076417 -0.07 0.947 -.1548106 .1447387 english | .3013252 .2585588 1.17 0.244 -.2054408 .8080911 white | 10.6308 1.47219 7.22 0.000 7.74536 13.51624

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lwhitemg | -.8281078 .1420818 -5.83 0.000 -1.106583 -.5496326 _cons | -27.98328 34.94817 -0.80 0.423 -96.48042 40.51387------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004118 lgdp | -.004347 .012146 lgdpau | -.002241 .005959 1.1751lgdpdfrati~w | -.00176 .004538 .00151 .18889 lpopau | .00398 -.02869 -3.92662 .040346 13.8047 lpop | .001583 -.010464 -.002931 -.002821 .013174 .015862 lxrate1 | .000062 .001665 .000863 .001509 -.00956 -.001582 .001576 lremote | .001483 -.002803 -.033081 -.02071 .085068 .002806 .000855 ldist | .01223 -.010729 -.011195 -.010797 -.001467 .015386 -.002421 lopen | .000341 -.000809 .006132 .000905 -.032686 .002117 -.000369 english | -.005567 .010898 .007148 .001249 -.027823 -.008737 -.000583 white | .026431 -.051723 -.044004 -.039514 .075503 .051357 .004103 lwhitemg | -.002944 .00306 .000189 .001137 .009808 -.0026 -.000716 _cons | -.083332 .349561 34.6313 -.670245 -126.418 -.325063 .13219

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .074728 ldist | .022341 .23975 lopen | .002863 .004345 .00584 english | -.003461 .025595 -.000743 .066853 white | .118449 .132177 .002209 .029069 2.16734 lwhitemg | -.004585 -.016911 -.0001 -.00493 -.198991 .020187 _cons | -1.38621 -2.20917 .303776 -.032606 -2.18818 .024298 1221.37

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 562.25Log likelihood = -129.5807 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0336425 .0288903 1.16 0.244 -.0229815 .0902665 lgdp | .1582852 .059568 2.66 0.008 .041534 .2750363 lgdpau | .3880313 .4106351 0.94 0.345 -.4167986 1.192861lgdpdfrati~w | .3493308 .1850399 1.89 0.059 -.0133407 .7120024 lpopau | 2.553973 1.451144 1.76 0.078 -.2902173 5.398164 lpop | .2880163 .0807684 3.57 0.000 .1297131 .4463194 lxrate1 | -.0315146 .0165 -1.91 0.056 -.063854 .0008248 lremote | -.0280729 .1282094 -0.22 0.827 -.2793587 .2232128 ldist | -2.248004 .4209282 -5.34 0.000 -3.073008 -1.423 lopen | .0604794 .0384057 1.57 0.115 -.0147944 .1357531 english | .8370871 .1869968 4.48 0.000 .4705802 1.203594 white | 15.73421 1.213571 12.97 0.000 13.35566 18.11277 lwhitemg | -1.331891 .1129231 -11.79 0.000 -1.553216 -1.110566 _cons | -38.87423 14.92886 -2.60 0.009 -68.13425 -9.614203------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000835 lgdp | -.00065 .003548 lgdpau | -.000598 -.000036 .168621lgdpdfrati~w | -.000715 .000818 -.000577 .03424 lpopau | .001643 .001088 -.565649 .016382 2.10582 lpop | -.00011 -.002647 .000475 .000568 -.005105 .006524 lxrate1 | .000049 .000103 .000175 .000555 -.002648 -.000121 .000272 lremote | .000844 .002074 -.007467 -.003363 .021463 -.001697 .000107 ldist | .002339 -.003863 -.009945 -.007663 -.000604 .009068 .00007 lopen | -.000017 -.000052 .000227 .0003 -.004637 .000545 -.000052 english | -.001249 -.000755 .003198 .002579 -.015678 .004864 .000145 white | .004066 -.016995 .029592 -.003952 -.274766 .026124 .003623 lwhitemg | -.00047 .000927 -.003054 .00022 .027111 -.001984 -.000387 _cons | -.028729 -.033331 5.11518 -.215068 -20.2328 -.043483 .035681

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016438 ldist | .016064 .177181 lopen | .00003 .000306 .001475 english | -.004812 .007624 .000126 .034968 white | -.005181 -.019196 -.000397 .046201 1.47275 lwhitemg | .000597 .002828 .000057 -.003926 -.133927 .012752 _cons | -.475786 -1.62866 .061333 .080059 3.93405 -.38695 222.871

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 263.95Log likelihood = 130.6505 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0012357 .0187317 -0.07 0.947 -.0379491 .0354778 lgdp | .2841417 .0516772 5.50 0.000 .1828563 .3854272 lgdpau | -.2863537 .3583589 -0.80 0.424 -.9887242 .4160168lgdpdfrati~w | -.0934396 .1427417 -0.65 0.513 -.3732082 .186329 lpopau | 4.326046 1.302129 3.32 0.001 1.773921 6.878172 lpop | -.0756203 .0626978 -1.21 0.228 -.1985057 .047265 lxrate1 | -.0996892 .0153098 -6.51 0.000 -.1296958 -.0696826 lremote | .3574153 .132018 2.71 0.007 .0986649 .6161658 ldist | -1.292365 .2839331 -4.55 0.000 -1.848863 -.7358658 lopen | .027444 .0285617 0.96 0.337 -.0285359 .083424 english | .2450516 .1735295 1.41 0.158 -.09506 .5851633 white | 9.268447 2.040958 4.54 0.000 5.268242 13.26865 lwhitemg | -.7848166 .1945202 -4.03 0.000 -1.166069 -.403564 _cons | -59.2693 13.78297 -4.30 0.000 -86.28344 -32.25517------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000351 lgdp | -.000357 .002671 lgdpau | .000253 -.000552 .128421lgdpdfrati~w | -.000442 .000452 -.00619 .020375 lpopau | -.002563 .003309 -.440131 .027577 1.69554 lpop | .00006 -.002357 -.000209 -.000057 .001442 .003931

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lxrate1 | 3.6e-06 .00001 .000458 .000472 -.004336 -.000122 .000234 lremote | .000281 .001873 -.00789 -.001213 .027014 -.001563 -.000049 ldist | .001646 -.001846 -.002345 -.001401 .003058 .005125 .00006 lopen | -6.0e-06 -7.7e-06 .000127 .000212 -.001627 .000191 -.000028 english | -.000396 -.002136 -.000106 .000748 .022689 .005083 .000187 white | .002601 -.016004 .016429 -.005032 -.134833 .016651 .001832 lwhitemg | -.000297 .001023 -.002039 .000479 .013898 -.001314 -.000136 _cons | .02369 -.059633 4.04225 -.301307 -16.9468 -.063496 .059923

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017429 ldist | .007017 .080618 lopen | .000088 -.000453 .000816 english | -.00149 .017785 -.000257 .030112 white | -.000784 .018845 -.00067 .038608 4.16551 lwhitemg | .000744 -.002852 .000091 -.003604 -.39046 .037838 _cons | -.476724 -.870105 .024803 -.568477 1.70258 -.156504 189.97

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 530.49Log likelihood = -666.9819 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1741913 .0531445 3.28 0.001 .07003 .2783526 lgdp | .8030834 .1058888 7.58 0.000 .5955453 1.010622 lgdpau | -.6643487 .697963 -0.95 0.341 -2.032331 .7036335lgdpdfrati~w | -.3137053 .2862017 -1.10 0.273 -.8746504 .2472398 lpopau | 4.076903 2.40592 1.69 0.090 -.638613 8.792419 lpop | -.3593988 .1511176 -2.38 0.017 -.6555838 -.0632138 lxrate1 | -.1416063 .0314871 -4.50 0.000 -.2033198 -.0798928 lremote | .1499539 .2415247 0.62 0.535 -.3234258 .6233335 ldist | -3.290276 .6963619 -4.72 0.000 -4.65512 -1.925432 lopen | .0380486 .0681323 0.56 0.577 -.0954883 .1715855 english | -.6033604 .4364089 -1.38 0.167 -1.458706 .2519854 white | 20.55624 4.166885 4.93 0.000 12.38929 28.72318 lwhitemg | -1.846701 .3844975 -4.80 0.000 -2.600303 -1.0931 _cons | -29.6839 23.62857 -1.26 0.209 -75.99504 16.62723------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002824 lgdp | -.002363 .011212 lgdpau | .001442 -.001579 .487152lgdpdfrati~w | -.001878 .00336 -.012882 .081911 lpopau | -.009371 -.000756 -1.62217 .069386 5.78845 lpop | -.000065 -.008406 -.001466 -.001756 -.00716 .022837 lxrate1 | .000154 .000518 .002077 .001267 -.010872 -.000812 .000991 lremote | .000959 .004942 -.021478 -.012683 .040685 -.003166 .0005 ldist | .011267 .014589 -.005439 -.003448 -.062358 .003892 .000617 lopen | .000456 -.001054 -.00079 .000127 -.012078 .002067 -.000174 english | -.006104 .002917 .000848 .005743 -.018062 .019943 .000542 white | .007786 -.036746 .127154 .011678 -.412237 .08376 .005342 lwhitemg | -.001326 .001543 -.013465 -.002441 .046235 -.006472 -.000613

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_cons | .044905 -.242195 14.4255 -.796964 -53.1078 -.022539 .110908

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058334 ldist | .034443 .48492 lopen | .000802 .003506 .004642 english | -.002982 .137191 -.001634 .190453 white | .033774 .26566 .004432 .318558 17.3629 lwhitemg | -.000522 -.041146 -.000284 -.034067 -1.57585 .147838 _cons | -1.0069 -4.21469 .173683 -1.4049 .009983 .07005 558.309

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1229.06Log likelihood = -556.2665 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1916793 .0450193 4.26 0.000 .1034431 .2799154 lgdp | .6598774 .0992506 6.65 0.000 .4653497 .8544051 lgdpau | .5421823 .6120968 0.89 0.376 -.6575055 1.74187lgdpdfrati~w | .024023 .266818 0.09 0.928 -.4989307 .5469767 lpopau | -1.958196 2.113789 -0.93 0.354 -6.101146 2.184754 lpop | .44824 .1294646 3.46 0.001 .194494 .7019859 lxrate1 | -.0823595 .0281544 -2.93 0.003 -.1375411 -.0271779 lremote | -.2218892 .2176452 -1.02 0.308 -.6484659 .2046875 ldist | -2.397921 .4403493 -5.45 0.000 -3.260989 -1.534852 lopen | -.0740883 .0680926 -1.09 0.277 -.2075474 .0593708 english | 1.083871 .3205777 3.38 0.001 .4555498 1.712191 white | 23.99887 3.003245 7.99 0.000 18.11262 29.88512 lwhitemg | -2.304738 .2678849 -8.60 0.000 -2.829782 -1.779693 _cons | 24.01133 20.43127 1.18 0.240 -16.03322 64.05589------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002027 lgdp | -.001789 .009851 lgdpau | -.002199 .004642 .374663lgdpdfrati~w | -.001585 .002588 -.008823 .071192 lpopau | .006837 -.032029 -1.2505 .032537 4.4681 lpop | .000368 -.008578 -.003461 -.002186 .016579 .016761 lxrate1 | .000035 .000627 .000671 .001236 -.00603 -.000816 .000793 lremote | .000318 .003893 -.017614 -.014959 .037369 -.003023 .000521 ldist | .007354 -.002889 -.009737 -.001869 .006057 .016549 .000205 lopen | .000219 -.000022 .000071 .002011 -.01044 .001178 -.000058 english | -.003169 .00262 .006597 .005394 -.028164 -.001001 .000634 white | .005081 -.034856 .011496 -.01303 .008332 .058154 .00284 lwhitemg | -.000806 .001279 -.002655 -.000188 .007872 -.004058 -.000291 _cons | -.102481 .322226 11.1287 -.248698 -41.3032 -.384683 .07079

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .047369 ldist | .005018 .193907 lopen | .001272 .001323 .004637

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english | -.007735 .056086 -.001611 .10277 white | .024745 .0353 .003813 .009042 9.01948 lwhitemg | .000223 -.007541 -.000428 .000467 -.789629 .071762 _cons | -.646207 -1.97738 .129419 -.231592 -1.17362 .049963 417.437

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1856.16Log likelihood = -745.4033 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0547407 .0318232 1.72 0.085 -.0076316 .117113 lgdp | 1.018649 .0938874 10.85 0.000 .834633 1.202665 lgdpau | .9515203 .6670401 1.43 0.154 -.3558544 2.258895lgdpdfrati~w | -.0667901 .2601941 -0.26 0.797 -.5767612 .4431809 lpopau | 3.073454 2.321579 1.32 0.186 -1.476757 7.623664 lpop | -.4748634 .1385179 -3.43 0.001 -.7463535 -.2033733 lxrate1 | -.1463861 .0215645 -6.79 0.000 -.1886518 -.1041204 lremote | -.444256 .186442 -2.38 0.017 -.8096756 -.0788364 ldist | -2.114976 .711611 -2.97 0.003 -3.509708 -.7202443 lopen | -.0431171 .0693408 -0.62 0.534 -.1790226 .0927884 english | .0803377 .3359747 0.24 0.811 -.5781606 .738836 white | 28.33944 2.628946 10.78 0.000 23.1868 33.49208 lwhitemg | -2.639116 .2548799 -10.35 0.000 -3.138671 -2.13956 _cons | -64.62153 23.35476 -2.77 0.006 -110.396 -18.84704------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001013 lgdp | -.001661 .008815 lgdpau | -.000206 .001097 .444943lgdpdfrati~w | -.001711 .003687 -.012562 .067701 lpopau | -.005672 -.008544 -1.48367 .045305 5.38973 lpop | .001545 -.010903 -.004023 -.00351 .026692 .019187 lxrate1 | .00005 .000283 .000408 .000717 -.00817 -.000615 .000465 lremote | .001143 .003889 -.017437 -.003579 .01987 -.002955 .000327 ldist | .005582 .013184 -.022903 -.001827 -.04537 .008779 .00113 lopen | .000285 -.000777 -.000474 .004453 -.006363 .001057 -.000296 english | -.000933 .002651 .001459 .002435 -.006801 .000412 .000815 white | .015117 -.054025 .014861 -.027901 -.282551 .067875 .007381 lwhitemg | -.001359 .003633 -.002829 .002041 .03351 -.00493 -.000712 _cons | .045997 -.070541 13.3607 -.461198 -50.4658 -.452177 .111513

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .034761 ldist | .059609 .50639 lopen | .000905 .001661 .004808 english | .002013 .073829 -.001542 .112879 white | .0334 .092847 -.006 .207179 6.91136 lwhitemg | -.002313 -.01631 .000764 -.023147 -.65974 .064964 _cons | -.789882 -4.48215 .09404 -.726107 3.17349 -.301242 545.445

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr

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> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 509.91Log likelihood = -569.6474 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3888372 .0587287 6.62 0.000 .2737311 .5039433 lgdp | .325023 .0993017 3.27 0.001 .1303952 .5196507 lgdpau | 1.121705 .7368276 1.52 0.128 -.3224506 2.565861lgdpdfrati~w | -.5061513 .3144282 -1.61 0.107 -1.122419 .1101166 lpopau | -4.504722 2.543469 -1.77 0.077 -9.489829 .4803845 lpop | .2836941 .1061918 2.67 0.008 .075562 .4918263 lxrate1 | -.0727729 .0344759 -2.11 0.035 -.1403445 -.0052014 lremote | -.0013892 .2273002 -0.01 0.995 -.4468895 .4441112 ldist | -1.314655 .5755047 -2.28 0.022 -2.442624 -.1866865 lopen | .1090773 .0713822 1.53 0.126 -.0308292 .2489838 english | -.0637148 .2773292 -0.23 0.818 -.6072701 .4798405 white | 19.00008 2.062606 9.21 0.000 14.95745 23.04272 lwhitemg | -1.80705 .1960033 -9.22 0.000 -2.191209 -1.42289 _cons | 48.89714 24.09389 2.03 0.042 1.673991 96.1203------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003449 lgdp | -.003162 .009861 lgdpau | -.00219 .006371 .542915lgdpdfrati~w | -.002462 .005935 -.009583 .098865 lpopau | .004538 -.034184 -1.81509 .0497 6.46923 lpop | .00105 -.00653 -.004382 -.00424 .011928 .011277 lxrate1 | .000341 .0005 -.000249 .000857 -.003745 -.000677 .001189 lremote | .00022 .00275 -.009655 -.017112 -.001225 .001033 .001516 ldist | .011229 -.000479 -.006407 -.011669 -.064571 .008305 .000501 lopen | -.000265 .000747 .002117 .000123 -.022329 .001601 -.000161 english | -.003824 .007082 .005769 .002324 -.025056 -.000282 -.001656 white | .022906 -.038742 -.00425 -.070448 .07726 .015149 -.001325 lwhitemg | -.00262 .002152 -.001418 .004207 .003434 -.000306 -.000211 _cons | -.091359 .272102 15.9618 -.465859 -58.6018 -.203118 .045064

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051665 ldist | .036561 .331206 lopen | .002259 .003024 .005095 english | .006812 .087253 -.000191 .076912 white | .109109 .208274 -.007738 .134342 4.25434 lwhitemg | -.007524 -.029582 .000713 -.01597 -.395382 .038417 _cons | -.59824 -2.41958 .230198 -.771245 -3.59865 .30129 580.515

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1382.54Log likelihood = -278.9239 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0019 .0241547 0.08 0.937 -.0454424 .0492424 lgdp | .4503193 .0843998 5.34 0.000 .2848987 .61574 lgdpau | -.3178095 .5088005 -0.62 0.532 -1.31504 .6794212lgdpdfrati~w | .1582511 .2273504 0.70 0.486 -.2873474 .6038496 lpopau | 1.18754 1.757333 0.68 0.499 -2.256769 4.631849 lpop | -.217468 .1230572 -1.77 0.077 -.4586556 .0237196 lxrate1 | -.0394301 .0229937 -1.71 0.086 -.084497 .0056367 lremote | -.0109077 .1746924 -0.06 0.950 -.3532985 .3314832 ldist | -4.000868 .5242198 -7.63 0.000 -5.02832 -2.973416 lopen | .0046978 .0499056 0.09 0.925 -.0931154 .1025111 english | .0094991 .2907655 0.03 0.974 -.5603908 .5793891 white | 16.71126 2.591901 6.45 0.000 11.63123 21.79129 lwhitemg | -1.235505 .2776064 -4.45 0.000 -1.779603 -.691406 _cons | 21.47316 17.5874 1.22 0.222 -12.99751 55.94383------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000583 lgdp | -.000741 .007123 lgdpau | -.000031 -.001336 .258878lgdpdfrati~w | -.000959 .002549 -.010615 .051688 lpopau | -.000763 -.001327 -.864462 .055764 3.08822 lpop | .000214 -.006647 -.000478 -.001123 -.004485 .015143 lxrate1 | -.000033 .000191 .001265 .00101 -.006157 -.000504 .000529 lremote | .000129 .002491 -.01803 -.003891 .051997 -.002732 -.000115 ldist | .002374 .003835 -.011239 -.001171 -.010332 .01748 -.000414 lopen | .000051 -.000126 -.001503 .001454 .000367 .000801 6.4e-07 english | -.001263 .001338 .001606 .00198 -.00566 .004289 .000608 white | .004155 -.038829 .034123 -.015602 -.268601 .071864 .001907 lwhitemg | -.000448 .001661 -.004649 .000767 .033512 -.005711 -7.6e-06 _cons | .001367 -.053957 7.85603 -.693685 -28.85 -.144294 .074229

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030517 ldist | .014289 .274806 lopen | .000138 .001076 .002491 english | .000251 .054432 .000294 .084545 white | -.000076 .144107 -.000513 .108247 6.71795 lwhitemg | .00264 -.01915 .000113 -.011073 -.709168 .077065 _cons | -.803093 -2.66964 .011635 -.579918 1.88866 -.219692 309.317

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.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Cote DeIvore

. drop if ccode==163840(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9776.95Log likelihood = -549.3661 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3664623 .0309534 11.84 0.000 .3057947 .4271299 lgdp | 1.196314 .033072 36.17 0.000 1.131494 1.261134 lgdpau | -.0140143 .6079528 -0.02 0.982 -1.20558 1.177551lgdpdfrati~w | -.8930786 .2502712 -3.57 0.000 -1.383601 -.4025561 lpopau | -1.974357 2.097919 -0.94 0.347 -6.086202 2.137488 lpop | .0034749 .0417195 0.08 0.934 -.0782937 .0852436 lxrate1 | -.1292826 .0173266 -7.46 0.000 -.163242 -.0953231 lremote | -.4434938 .0747277 -5.93 0.000 -.5899573 -.2970302 ldist | -2.045043 .1543014 -13.25 0.000 -2.347468 -1.742617 lopen | .250063 .055929 4.47 0.000 .1404442 .3596817 english | .9379301 .1273025 7.37 0.000 .6884219 1.187438 white | 4.871264 .5657638 8.61 0.000 3.762387 5.980141 lwhitemg | -.4573298 .0508144 -9.00 0.000 -.5569241 -.3577355 _cons | 34.75284 19.3189 1.80 0.072 -3.111508 72.61719------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000958 lgdp | -.000346 .001094 lgdpau | -.000913 .001422 .369607lgdpdfrati~w | -.000826 .000129 -.008952 .062636 lpopau | .002091 -.008294 -1.25051 .050268 4.40126 lpop | -.000131 -.000722 .000172 .000228 -.000553 .001741

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lxrate1 | .000097 .000144 .000428 .000158 -.002732 -.000115 .0003 lremote | .000477 .000052 -.000354 -.001884 -.003406 -.00023 .000064 ldist | .001637 .000868 .001003 -.001241 -.01494 .00004 .001457 lopen | -.000225 .000622 .002625 .000618 -.017376 .000435 .00018 english | -.001327 .002771 .003146 .002513 -.011677 -.001191 .000566 white | .004367 -.00162 .003135 -.009107 -.024624 .005508 -.000274 lwhitemg | -.000542 .00016 -.000271 .000844 .002579 -.000456 .000012 _cons | -.026722 .077916 11.0202 -.638565 -39.9067 -.002811 .016343

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005584 ldist | .005077 .023809 lopen | .001337 .001157 .003128 english | -.00339 .001888 -.000674 .016206 white | -.001007 .001566 -.000299 .003403 .320089 lwhitemg | .000183 -.000654 -.000046 -.000089 -.028288 .002582 _cons | -.027092 -.082967 .178027 .072597 .233056 -.023307 373.22

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 71246.54Log likelihood = -986.2241 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0457401 .0136953 3.34 0.001 .0188979 .0725824 lgdp | 1.617865 .0492418 32.86 0.000 1.521353 1.714377 lgdpau | .9752712 .3505631 2.78 0.005 .2881801 1.662362lgdpdfrati~w | -.4415689 .1468582 -3.01 0.003 -.7294058 -.1537321 lpopau | -6.718057 1.185187 -5.67 0.000 -9.040982 -4.395133 lpop | -.359567 .0819888 -4.39 0.000 -.5202622 -.1988719 lxrate1 | -.1188732 .0203615 -5.84 0.000 -.158781 -.0789654 lremote | -.9905086 .0869122 -11.40 0.000 -1.160853 -.8201637 ldist | -3.263755 .1482933 -22.01 0.000 -3.554405 -2.973106 lopen | -.0605917 .0264172 -2.29 0.022 -.1123683 -.008815 english | 1.018071 .0856806 11.88 0.000 .8501402 1.186002 white | 4.759054 .7380612 6.45 0.000 3.312481 6.205628 lwhitemg | -.4730263 .0706865 -6.69 0.000 -.6115692 -.3344834 _cons | 99.3285 11.13674 8.92 0.000 77.5009 121.1561------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000188 lgdp | -.000239 .002425 lgdpau | -.001258 .001588 .122895lgdpdfrati~w | -.000616 .000325 -.011839 .021567 lpopau | .005068 -.006475 -.406319 .023802 1.40467 lpop | .000118 -.003793 -.001096 .000799 .002452 .006722 lxrate1 | -.000036 .000276 -.000025 .000418 -.003252 -.000292 .000415 lremote | .000476 .000653 -.005947 -.003116 .021391 -.001694 .00009 ldist | .000587 -.000626 -.005914 -.001643 .015443 .00084 .000542

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lopen | .000051 -.00009 -.000997 .000887 .003742 .000232 -.000076 english | -.000448 .000243 .003125 .002729 -.020822 .000367 .001143 white | .001101 -.010747 -.009842 -.003629 .038563 .015848 -.000688 lwhitemg | -.000087 .000553 .000507 .00028 -.002977 -.000706 .000121 _cons | -.057481 .070419 3.62325 -.079576 -12.9076 -.02454 .045282

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007554 ldist | .003869 .021991 lopen | .000561 .000155 .000698 english | -.002571 .001848 -.00042 .007341 white | .005864 -.035399 .001627 -.002414 .544734 lwhitemg | -.000198 .004232 -.000132 .000482 -.050954 .004997 _cons | -.28991 -.350611 -.044566 .25176 -.092037 -.005183 124.027

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7901.16Log likelihood = -921.1389 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1289637 .0254042 5.08 0.000 .0791723 .178755 lgdp | 1.752818 .0697387 25.13 0.000 1.616133 1.889503 lgdpau | .0875039 .575932 0.15 0.879 -1.041302 1.21631lgdpdfrati~w | -.3818538 .2335104 -1.64 0.102 -.8395258 .0758182 lpopau | -2.840133 2.012674 -1.41 0.158 -6.784901 1.104635 lpop | -.6248868 .0823793 -7.59 0.000 -.7863473 -.4634263 lxrate1 | -.1509319 .0272966 -5.53 0.000 -.2044323 -.0974315 lremote | -.3987699 .1298989 -3.07 0.002 -.653367 -.1441729 ldist | -3.726752 .3349167 -11.13 0.000 -4.383177 -3.070328 lopen | .0835456 .0456086 1.83 0.067 -.0058456 .1729368 english | 1.022917 .1446038 7.07 0.000 .7394985 1.306335 white | 9.668033 1.813247 5.33 0.000 6.114133 13.22193 lwhitemg | -.8473438 .1808276 -4.69 0.000 -1.201759 -.4929282 _cons | 58.24925 19.19702 3.03 0.002 20.62379 95.87472------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000645 lgdp | -.001002 .004863 lgdpau | -.001757 .003362 .331698lgdpdfrati~w | -.000942 .002577 -.019165 .054527 lpopau | .004763 -.017198 -1.12414 .071183 4.05086 lpop | .000693 -.004191 -.001094 -.002559 .002357 .006786 lxrate1 | .000043 .000464 -.000026 .001065 -.004956 -.000753 .000745 lremote | -.000046 -.000196 -.006625 -.000567 .018781 -.001219 .000133 ldist | .002865 .005589 -.011864 -.001474 -.006883 -.000652 .001418 lopen | .000111 -.000656 .000689 .002023 -.002679 .001203 -.000232 english | -.001072 .002785 .005842 .000692 -.042281 .002075 .001746 white | .001245 -.028169 .012157 -.006277 -.040143 .024308 .003752 lwhitemg | -.000104 .001559 -.00215 .000102 .008677 -.001604 -.000396

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_cons | -.050251 .103988 10.0888 -.73022 -37.5596 -.005005 .065367

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016874 ldist | .009217 .112169

lopen | .000505 -.000844 .00208 english | -.004808 .003067 -.001515 .02091 white | .009948 -.143403 .003011 .020322 3.28787 lwhitemg | .000898 .011968 -.000187 -.00252 -.321646 .032699 _cons | -.35083 -.858314 .025542 .458933 1.84884 -.217139 368.526

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2167.71Log likelihood = -1131.239 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .087377 .0427433 2.04 0.041 .0036017 .1711523 lgdp | .9574433 .0827427 11.57 0.000 .7952705 1.119616 lgdpau | -.4631954 .8895394 -0.52 0.603 -2.206661 1.28027lgdpdfrati~w | -.4243469 .3835846 -1.11 0.269 -1.176159 .3274651 lpopau | .0398941 3.055756 0.01 0.990 -5.949278 6.029066 lpop | .0835783 .1020261 0.82 0.413 -.1163893 .2835459 lxrate1 | -.1227623 .0349386 -3.51 0.000 -.1912407 -.0542838 lremote | .6085663 .2372037 2.57 0.010 .1436556 1.073477 ldist | -1.686447 .3506253 -4.81 0.000 -2.37366 -.9992339 lopen | .3492615 .0832481 4.20 0.000 .1860983 .5124246 english | 1.570587 .2421432 6.49 0.000 1.095995 2.04518 white | 1.812108 2.233747 0.81 0.417 -2.565955 6.190172 lwhitemg | .16028 .1966248 0.82 0.415 -.2250975 .5456575 _cons | 2.222626 29.07939 0.08 0.939 -54.77193 59.21719------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001827 lgdp | -.00175 .006846 lgdpau | -.001971 .002129 .79128lgdpdfrati~w | -.000665 .001299 -.009264 .147137 lpopau | .004262 -.012939 -2.65374 .036957 9.33764 lpop | .000371 -.006108 -.000423 .000051 .00131 .010409 lxrate1 | .000094 .001032 .000824 .001843 -.009194 -.001255 .001221 lremote | .001242 .000667 -.028196 -.015826 .088276 .000733 -.000834 ldist | .004521 -.007266 -.02092 -.007653 .069376 .011035 -.000356 lopen | .000281 -.001152 .006199 .004224 -.033024 .002999 -.000219 english | -.003847 .001985 .010232 .006827 -.021415 -.001636 .001618 white | .003631 -.024292 .115697 .008706 -.467326 .02247 .000406 lwhitemg | -.000538 .000953 -.012106 -.002145 .050342 -.00032 -.000193 _cons | -.046611 .169816 23.6879 -.339609 -86.5441 -.147117 .13159

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .056266

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ldist | .021601 .122938 lopen | .001967 -.000689 .00693 english | -.014952 .01393 -.001984 .058633 white | .039574 -.03638 .006768 .033563 4.98963 lwhitemg | -.000459 .007084 -.000403 -.002387 -.428057 .038661 _cons | -1.43406 -1.99655 .353588 .056569 4.87618 -.59337 845.611

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 57156.47Log likelihood = -924.2701 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0229977 .0148351 1.55 0.121 -.0060786 .0520739 lgdp | 1.715511 .049298 34.80 0.000 1.618889 1.812134 lgdpau | .8260774 .3731338 2.21 0.027 .0947486 1.557406lgdpdfrati~w | -.2086718 .1175701 -1.77 0.076 -.4391049 .0217614 lpopau | -7.009178 1.258865 -5.57 0.000 -9.476508 -4.541848 lpop | -.4595206 .0842453 -5.45 0.000 -.6246385 -.2944028 lxrate1 | -.0349114 .0165708 -2.11 0.035 -.0673896 -.0024332 lremote | -.6067467 .1412383 -4.30 0.000 -.8835687 -.3299247 ldist | -2.75527 .156313 -17.63 0.000 -3.061638 -2.448903 lopen | -.0247067 .0295509 -0.84 0.403 -.0826254 .0332121 english | 1.193909 .1061533 11.25 0.000 .9858521 1.401965 white | 2.892567 .918352 3.15 0.002 1.09263 4.692504 lwhitemg | -.2379323 .0863352 -2.76 0.006 -.4071463 -.0687184 _cons | 98.71405 11.85897 8.32 0.000 75.4709 121.9572------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00022 lgdp | -.000214 .00243 lgdpau | -.000777 .001882 .139229lgdpdfrati~w | -.0002 .000423 -.004053 .013823 lpopau | .002209 -.005933 -.460287 .006073 1.58474 lpop | .000096 -.003873 -.001413 .000025 .00296 .007097 lxrate1 | .000016 .000162 -.000255 .000369 -.001072 -.000225 .000275 lremote | .000073 -.000752 -.015731 -.000093 .052181 .000189 .000104 ldist | .000952 -.00475 -.003618 .00091 .002354 .007981 .000481 lopen | 8.1e-06 -.000099 -.000338 .001142 .001047 .000345 -.000061 english | -.000345 -.000243 .003259 .001366 -.014394 .000068 .000709 white | .000609 -.013324 -.019131 .001441 .04919 .022037 .001096 lwhitemg | -.0001 .000601 3.3e-06 -.000142 .001147 -.001053 -.000095 _cons | -.023479 .107545 4.14369 -.025796 -14.6243 -.114196 .017392

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .019948 ldist | -.000976 .024434 lopen | .001145 .000335 .000873 english | -.003625 .004899 -.000497 .011269

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white | .018636 .023947 .001583 .005764 .84337 lwhitemg | .000478 -.001279 -.000036 -.000339 -.076312 .007454 _cons | -.605255 -.196578 -.025622 .137613 -.763243 -.007167 140.635

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8401.05Log likelihood = -947.6229 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1396654 .0263165 5.31 0.000 .088086 .1912449 lgdp | 1.740938 .0668509 26.04 0.000 1.609913 1.871964 lgdpau | -.0740318 .5653738 -0.13 0.896 -1.182144 1.034081lgdpdfrati~w | -.2981761 .2369644 -1.26 0.208 -.7626177 .1662656 lpopau | -1.819953 1.973718 -0.92 0.356 -5.688369 2.048462 lpop | -.5699756 .0806916 -7.06 0.000 -.7281282 -.411823 lxrate1 | -.1330256 .0271023 -4.91 0.000 -.1861452 -.079906 lremote | -.3877876 .1243197 -3.12 0.002 -.6314497 -.1441255 ldist | -3.511786 .3205332 -10.96 0.000 -4.140019 -2.883552 lopen | .0868737 .0457895 1.90 0.058 -.002872 .1766194 english | 1.184549 .146892 8.06 0.000 .8966464 1.472452 white | 10.53334 1.817274 5.80 0.000 6.971546 14.09513 lwhitemg | -.9394454 .1811631 -5.19 0.000 -1.294519 -.5843722 _cons | 42.48331 18.77442 2.26 0.024 5.686125 79.2805------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000693 lgdp | -.001033 .004469 lgdpau | -.001837 .003407 .319648lgdpdfrati~w | -.001047 .002245 -.018567 .056152 lpopau | .005095 -.01746 -1.08316 .068996 3.89556 lpop | .000643 -.003968 -.001639 -.001451 .007567 .006511 lxrate1 | .000036 .000391 -.000024 .001068 -.004929 -.000649 .000735 lremote | 7.0e-06 -.000264 -.005193 -.000995 .011606 -.001022 .000078 ldist | .003148 .003123 -.012136 -.00317 -.00519 .000222 .001074 lopen | .000127 -.000698 .000939 .001764 -.004022 .001244 -.000261 english | -.001315 .002563 .003989 .003596 -.026551 .002031 .001893 white | -.000107 -.02499 .010899 .002401 -.005183 .021741 .004194 lwhitemg | .000027 .001413 -.001888 -.000582 .004522 -.001396 -.000412 _cons | -.055346 .13728 9.72312 -.702327 -36.0917 -.089427 .068606

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015455 ldist | .009161 .102742 lopen | .00046 -.000811 .002097 english | -.004739 -.001084 -.001674 .021577 white | .009642 -.153701 .002779 .026331 3.30249 lwhitemg | .000772 .013829 -.000168 -.002878 -.323595 .03282 _cons | -.257094 -.744925 .042055 .287288 1.36367 -.171154 352.479

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. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8213.49Log likelihood = -1132.995 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0135864 .0153929 0.88 0.377 -.0165831 .043756 lgdp | 1.408817 .0496261 28.39 0.000 1.311552 1.506082 lgdpau | .6777962 .5147787 1.32 0.188 -.3311517 1.686744lgdpdfrati~w | -.0933578 .1708252 -0.55 0.585 -.428169 .2414533 lpopau | -6.016513 1.751267 -3.44 0.001 -9.448933 -2.584092 lpop | .0200605 .0731815 0.27 0.784 -.1233726 .1634936 lxrate1 | -.0618908 .0201354 -3.07 0.002 -.1013555 -.0224262 lremote | -.9287296 .1587253 -5.85 0.000 -1.239826 -.6176337 ldist | -3.40277 .2145522 -15.86 0.000 -3.823285 -2.982255 lopen | .0650633 .0422665 1.54 0.124 -.0177776 .1479041 english | 2.395529 .1370815 17.48 0.000 2.126854 2.664204 white | 3.59085 1.161118 3.09 0.002 1.315101 5.866599 lwhitemg | -.1791468 .0978129 -1.83 0.067 -.3708566 .0125629 _cons | 93.5257 16.72097 5.59 0.000 60.7532 126.2982------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000237 lgdp | -.000396 .002463 lgdpau | -.00002 .000268 .264997lgdpdfrati~w | -.000497 .00047 .003396 .029181 lpopau | -.001431 .000844 -.88046 -.008875 3.06694 lpop | .000187 -.002847 -.00062 .000433 -.000981 .005356 lxrate1 | -.000019 .000225 .000474 .000547 -.002787 -.000421 .000405

lremote | .000149 .000371 -.01732 -.000732 .055337 -.000654 -.000267 ldist | .000524 .000139 -.010476 -.001146 .022429 .00095 .000226 lopen | .00005 -.000324 .000049 .002476 .000292 .00075 -.00014 english | -.000727 .00062 .002172 .001294 -.009552 .001709 .001077 white | .000379 -.013112 -.006111 -.000117 .013224 .02412 -.000188 lwhitemg | -.000013 .000664 -.000779 .000173 .002738 -.001534 .000076 _cons | .023772 -.034987 7.90509 .029197 -28.4726 .007697 .033107

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025194 ldist | .015492 .046033 lopen | .001004 .000163 .001786 english | -.00378 .003183 -.001331 .018791 white | .006636 -.006766 .000957 .032228 1.34819 lwhitemg | .001174 .002687 3.5e-06 -.002837 -.109834 .009567 _cons | -.830029 -.696428 -.022033 .055219 -.155916 -.051356 279.591

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 790.41Log likelihood = -604.4129 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4438399 .0483079 9.19 0.000 .3491582 .5385217 lgdp | .1772759 .0797168 2.22 0.026 .0210338 .3335179 lgdpau | -.1693603 .7368737 -0.23 0.818 -1.613606 1.274886lgdpdfrati~w | -.6861031 .2728217 -2.51 0.012 -1.220824 -.1513825 lpopau | -1.467045 2.51827 -0.58 0.560 -6.402763 3.468673 lpop | .3319637 .0901424 3.68 0.000 .1552878 .5086396 lxrate1 | -.1799068 .0243985 -7.37 0.000 -.2277269 -.1320867 lremote | .1563659 .2170224 0.72 0.471 -.2689902 .581722 ldist | -1.657752 .4371501 -3.79 0.000 -2.51455 -.8009532 lopen | .1052282 .0579994 1.81 0.070 -.0084486 .2189051 english | .6282903 .2080214 3.02 0.003 .2205759 1.036005 white | 10.64191 .7222895 14.73 0.000 9.226249 12.05757 lwhitemg | -1.035345 .0717234 -14.44 0.000 -1.175921 -.8947701 _cons | 38.70236 23.78651 1.63 0.104 -7.918334 85.32306------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002334 lgdp | -.001811 .006355 lgdpau | -.000979 -.001096 .542983lgdpdfrati~w | -.002002 .001706 -.013274 .074432 lpopau | .001125 -.005511 -1.80254 .060871 6.34168 lpop | -.000134 -.004135 .000649 -.000816 -.000039 .008126 lxrate1 | .000137 .000293 .000452 .001112 -.004533 -.00065 .000595 lremote | .004374 .00506 -.014474 -.009405 .014732 -.004906 .000096 ldist | .007086 -.006845 -.017658 -.007594 -.011393 .013424 .00123 lopen | -.000163 .000429 -.001016 -.001136 -.007802 .000566 -.000036 english | -.002366 .001216 .001232 .005425 -.012155 .005396 .001539 white | .012833 -.012168 .011842 -.004887 -.058963 .014192 .004017 lwhitemg | -.000977 .000324 -.001672 .000041 .006999 -.000572 -.000398 _cons | -.069158 .06944 15.9818 -.603703 -57.8814 -.132781 .049586

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .047099 ldist | .047703 .1911 lopen | .001706 .000704 .003364 english | -.001269 .012148 -.001045 .043273 white | .011589 -.000957 -.000287 .051983 .521702 lwhitemg | -.000097 .004961 .000038 -.002754 -.049022 .005144 _cons | -.786254 -1.68707 .12094 -.070236 .491359 -.106547 565.798

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2158.29Log likelihood = -610.9293 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1721274 .0404486 4.26 0.000 .0928495 .2514052 lgdp | .3536181 .0658855 5.37 0.000 .2244849 .4827513 lgdpau | -.1649683 .1051558 -1.57 0.117 -.3710699 .0411333lgdpdfrati~w | -.1657117 .0654406 -2.53 0.011 -.2939728 -.0374505 lpopau | 2.666949 .3988397 6.69 0.000 1.885237 3.44866 lpop | .6855551 .102595 6.68 0.000 .4844727 .8866375 lxrate1 | -.023236 .0129156 -1.80 0.072 -.04855 .0020781 lremote | .1664104 .0480044 3.47 0.001 .0723235 .2604974 ldist | -3.24235 .3612313 -8.98 0.000 -3.95035 -2.534349 lopen | -.0170108 .0436177 -0.39 0.697 -.1025 .0684784 english | .6578424 .2784359 2.36 0.018 .112118 1.203567 white | 23.93351 2.958117 8.09 0.000 18.13571 29.73131 lwhitemg | -2.263499 .2742102 -8.25 0.000 -2.800941 -1.726057 _cons | -24.54148 6.14506 -3.99 0.000 -36.58557 -12.49738------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001636 lgdp | -.001211 .004341 lgdpau | -.001142 -.000184 .011058lgdpdfrati~w | .000541 -.001553 .002077 .004282 lpopau | .007255 -.001852 -.036477 -.000587 .159073 lpop | -.000044 -.002807 .001171 .000462 -.006023 .010526 lxrate1 | -5.8e-06 .000144 -.000097 .000049 .001365 -.000361 .000167 lremote | -.000578 .001772 -.001577 -.002098 .000659 -.000876 .0001 ldist | .005389 -.000922 -.005005 -.000331 .028413 -.002171 -.000359 lopen | -.000449 -.000355 .000209 -.000989 -.007707 .0016 -.00035 english | -.000655 -.001149 .001038 .000967 -.005599 .001083 .000093 white | .0064 -.009196 .000031 .003368 .002646 .030139 -.000867 lwhitemg | -.000921 .0003 .000294 -.000208 -.002645 -.003038 .000089 _cons | -.119338 -.018743 .367708 -.003608 -1.86965 -.003867 -.015904

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .002304 ldist | .000088 .130488 lopen | .000515 -.000456 .001903 english | -.000856 .056605 -.000427 .077527 white | -.00392 .016874 .001885 .033921 8.75046 lwhitemg | .00025 -.00501 -7.8e-06 -.001925 -.798597 .075191 _cons | -.011384 -1.5652 .111641 -.478393 -.509731 .130397 37.7618

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 637.98

Log likelihood = -563.0373 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5851854 .0486544 12.03 0.000 .4898245 .6805464 lgdp | -.0654256 .0722223 -0.91 0.365 -.2069788 .0761276 lgdpau | 2.139515 .8004941 2.67 0.008 .5705756 3.708455lgdpdfrati~w | -.7522371 .2895074 -2.60 0.009 -1.319661 -.1848129 lpopau | -10.2286 2.754671 -3.71 0.000 -15.62766 -4.829547 lpop | .3943258 .085122 4.63 0.000 .2274898 .5611618 lxrate1 | -.1298307 .0265001 -4.90 0.000 -.18177 -.0778914 lremote | .0036707 .2559546 0.01 0.989 -.4979911 .5053325 ldist | -1.534256 .3003509 -5.11 0.000 -2.122933 -.945579 lopen | .0204663 .0547081 0.37 0.708 -.0867596 .1276922 english | -.1721366 .2304895 -0.75 0.455 -.6238876 .2796145 white | 9.969341 1.056005 9.44 0.000 7.899609 12.03907 lwhitemg | -.8913654 .095992 -9.29 0.000 -1.079506 -.7032247 _cons | 126.0323 26.12955 4.82 0.000 74.8193 177.2453------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002367 lgdp | -.001438 .005216 lgdpau | .000296 -.000646 .640791lgdpdfrati~w | -.001399 .001446 -.01929 .083815 lpopau | -.005697 -.003646 -2.14337 .078166 7.58821 lpop | -.000271 -.002953 .000148 -.000738 -.003199 .007246 lxrate1 | .000206 -.000203 .000612 .000863 -.004958 -.000467 .000702 lremote | .00168 .004246 -.021416 -.013474 .062727 -.003159 .000192 ldist | .004624 .001658 -.007055 -.003031 -.013031 .00188 .001074 lopen | -.00021 .000443 .000562 -.000564 -.011338 .000959 -9.6e-06 english | -.002261 -6.1e-06 .003824 .00445 -.01514 .000625 .001087 white | .012633 -.021844 .016573 -.009188 -.085184 .021942 .005354 lwhitemg | -.001285 .001159 -.002834 -9.5e-06 .014903 -.001376 -.00046 _cons | .04972 -.037217 19.0246 -.745933 -69.9966 .013188 .062029

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .065513 ldist | .027073 .090211 lopen | .001302 .002053 .002993 english | -.011784 .023168 -.00063 .053125 white | .017566 .005877 -.000402 .023867 1.11515 lwhitemg | .00087 -.000782 .000031 -.001024 -.097007 .009214 _cons | -1.34726 -.789179 .121393 .011278 .78043 -.16485 682.753

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1385.33Log likelihood = -337.1824 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .0471923 .018151 2.60 0.009 .0116169 .0827676 lgdp | .2219234 .054686 4.06 0.000 .1147408 .3291059 lgdpau | -.1793709 .3159049 -0.57 0.570 -.7985331 .4397914lgdpdfrati~w | -.4523458 .1958599 -2.31 0.021 -.8362241 -.0684675 lpopau | 2.342806 1.119342 2.09 0.036 .1489374 4.536676 lpop | .0749109 .0714066 1.05 0.294 -.0650436 .2148653 lxrate1 | -.0694661 .0183414 -3.79 0.000 -.1054147 -.0335176 lremote | -.1469121 .1131017 -1.30 0.194 -.3685874 .0747632 ldist | -1.416054 .2412171 -5.87 0.000 -1.88883 -.9432767 lopen | -.0196022 .0247902 -0.79 0.429 -.06819 .0289857 english | 1.946204 .2152287 9.04 0.000 1.524364 2.368045 white | 9.435089 1.763058 5.35 0.000 5.979558 12.89062 lwhitemg | -.7091207 .1806205 -3.93 0.000 -1.06313 -.3551109 _cons | -24.09068 11.32632 -2.13 0.033 -46.28987 -1.891489------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000329 lgdp | -.000339 .002991 lgdpau | .00017 -.001341 .099796lgdpdfrati~w | -.000704 -.000019 -.001319 .038361 lpopau | -.000954 .005702 -.340725 .02149 1.25293 lpop | .000077 -.002912 .000767 .000696 -.006558 .005099 lxrate1 | -.000026 .000175 .001177 .00074 -.005616 -.000171 .000336 lremote | .000138 .001078 -.007351 -.003281 .025108 -.000533 -.000321 ldist | .000969 .000606 -.002582 -.002421 -.000933 .003136 -.000241 lopen | .000014 -.000254 -.000053 .001034 -.000979 .000317 -.000017 english | -.000199 -.003313 .00424 .002781 -.016532 .005058 .000479 white | .001598 -.02337 .013427 .000825 -.072806 .025584 .001145 lwhitemg | -.000171 .001446 -.0012 .000189 .005938 -.001779 -.000086 _cons | .006392 -.093424 3.13619 -.321569 -12.0818 .048445 .064326

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012792 ldist | .00321 .058186 lopen | -.000139 -.000266 .000615 english | -.00282 .020957 -.000342 .046323 white | .009755 -.022729 .000945 .074296 3.10837 lwhitemg | -.000349 .001168 -.000022 -.006531 -.313983 .032624 _cons | -.377108 -.564591 .02145 -.027829 1.07887 -.077769 128.286

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1172.18Log likelihood = -853.8876 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1904154 .0648668 2.94 0.003 .0632789 .3175519 lgdp | .4711358 .1115689 4.22 0.000 .2524648 .6898069 lgdpau | -2.533764 1.130063 -2.24 0.025 -4.748647 -.3188813lgdpdfrati~w | -1.152545 .4548781 -2.53 0.011 -2.04409 -.2610005 lpopau | 5.777788 3.875872 1.49 0.136 -1.818782 13.37436 lpop | .1752372 .1254509 1.40 0.162 -.0706421 .4211165

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lxrate1 | -.1771056 .0398004 -4.45 0.000 -.255113 -.0990982 lremote | 1.699848 .2779062 6.12 0.000 1.155162 2.244535 ldist | -1.674196 .4531991 -3.69 0.000 -2.56245 -.7859416 lopen | -.0378287 .0765829 -0.49 0.621 -.1879283 .112271 english | .4095292 .2673716 1.53 0.126 -.1145095 .9335679 white | 11.58041 1.521154 7.61 0.000 8.599006 14.56182 lwhitemg | -.8983966 .1445323 -6.22 0.000 -1.181675 -.6151186 _cons | -37.97402 36.37994 -1.04 0.297 -109.2774 33.32935------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004208 lgdp | -.004679 .012448 lgdpau | -.002337 .006119 1.27704lgdpdfrati~w | -.001821 .004431 -.001087 .206914 lpopau | .0049 -.029834 -4.2727 .056437 15.0224 lpop | .001883 -.010686 -.002531 -.002599 .013104 .015738 lxrate1 | .000033 .001666 .000898 .001474 -.01002 -.00159 .001584 lremote | .001367 -.002618 -.031573 -.021143 .079655 .002609 .000887 ldist | .012239 -.01115 -.010506 -.010863 .006281 .012331 -.002789 lopen | .000297 -.00075 .007757 .001138 -.037553 .002093 -.000353 english | -.00634 .011313 .007886 .001887 -.029832 -.008348 -.000525 white | .026905 -.053501 -.04431 -.042491 .081379 .053083 .005441 lwhitemg | -.002937 .003278 .000314 .001376 .008575 -.0028 -.00082 _cons | -.092545 .365504 37.6728 -.884195 -137.569 -.298586 .142384

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .077232 ldist | .021569 .205389 lopen | .002993 .00385 .005865 english | -.004517 .02685 -.001058 .071488 white | .130958 .133652 .001164 .036994 2.31391 lwhitemg | -.00549 -.016561 .000037 -.005919 -.209893 .02089 _cons | -1.35093 -1.96383 .34441 -.032487 -2.39299 .044422 1323.5

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 573.00Log likelihood = -117.7549 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0461012 .029298 1.57 0.116 -.0113219 .1035243 lgdp | .1376498 .059004 2.33 0.020 .0220041 .2532956 lgdpau | .4258947 .424725 1.00 0.316 -.406551 1.25834lgdpdfrati~w | .3353904 .1901764 1.76 0.078 -.0373485 .7081293 lpopau | 2.115742 1.490053 1.42 0.156 -.8047074 5.036191 lpop | .2971264 .0776438 3.83 0.000 .1449473 .4493055 lxrate1 | -.0309632 .0168901 -1.83 0.067 -.0640671 .0021407 lremote | -.0687381 .1318589 -0.52 0.602 -.3271769 .1897007 ldist | -2.20805 .4309457 -5.12 0.000 -3.052688 -1.363412 lopen | .0459289 .0361121 1.27 0.203 -.0248495 .1167073 english | 1.001136 .1871811 5.35 0.000 .6342675 1.368004 white | 16.31449 1.226625 13.30 0.000 13.91034 18.71863

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lwhitemg | -1.375889 .1159128 -11.87 0.000 -1.603074 -1.148704 _cons | -32.52575 15.19138 -2.14 0.032 -62.3003 -2.7512------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000858 lgdp | -.000604 .003481 lgdpau | -.000549 -.000148 .180391lgdpdfrati~w | -.000691 .000716 .000048 .036167 lpopau | .001397 .001469 -.604768 .014353 2.22026 lpop | -.000173 -.002506 .000497 .000645 -.004396 .006029 lxrate1 | .000063 .000068 .000235 .000558 -.002946 -.000088 .000285 lremote | .00093 .002075 -.007885 -.003772 .022469 -.001516 .000043 ldist | .002566 -.004398 -.010716 -.008403 .002952 .008629 .000259 lopen | -.000044 -.000063 .00048 .000356 -.004613 .000517 -.000044 english | -.001364 -.000876 .002917 .003501 -.006809 .004292 .000184 white | .003917 -.016274 .030239 -.002143 -.251052 .02347 .003734 lwhitemg | -.000489 .000902 -.003169 .000066 .025385 -.001775 -.000396 _cons | -.028921 -.032824 5.4678 -.188813 -21.1704 -.047644 .03797

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017387 ldist | .018645 .185714 lopen | .000104 .000322 .001304 english | -.004876 .006417 .000049 .035037 white | -.004423 -.013901 -.000602 .040506 1.50461 lwhitemg | .00058 .002057 .000101 -.003383 -.138953 .013436 _cons | -.517466 -1.7492 .054084 -.035234 3.49887 -.350907 230.778

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 247.20

Log likelihood = 150.5921 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0133789 .0201354 0.66 0.506 -.0260858 .0528435 lgdp | .2607441 .049709 5.25 0.000 .1633162 .358172 lgdpau | -.2786821 .3447222 -0.81 0.419 -.9543252 .396961lgdpdfrati~w | -.0881079 .14775 -0.60 0.551 -.3776926 .2014768 lpopau | 3.783103 1.242141 3.05 0.002 1.348552 6.217654 lpop | -.0859895 .0549484 -1.56 0.118 -.1936864 .0217073 lxrate1 | -.0989465 .0153516 -6.45 0.000 -.129035 -.068858 lremote | .2964255 .1196782 2.48 0.013 .0618605 .5309905 ldist | -1.484673 .2729386 -5.44 0.000 -2.019623 -.9497236 lopen | .0190145 .0293899 0.65 0.518 -.0385887 .0766177 english | .1908129 .1521387 1.25 0.210 -.1073735 .4889994 white | 9.898392 2.05453 4.82 0.000 5.871587 13.9252 lwhitemg | -.8282855 .1970376 -4.20 0.000 -1.214472 -.4420989 _cons | -47.62584 12.9076 -3.69 0.000 -72.92427 -22.3274------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000405 lgdp | -.000418 .002471 lgdpau | .000107 -.000806 .118833lgdpdfrati~w | -.000442 .000696 -.005815 .02183 lpopau | -.001174 .005567 -.406269 .025481 1.54291 lpop | .000038 -.001765 .000144 -.000207 -.003081 .003019 lxrate1 | -.000011 -.000014 .000571 .000479 -.004684 -.000105 .000236 lremote | .00045 .001594 -.006676 -.001277 .023479 -.001466 -.000209 ldist | .002097 -.001371 -.001776 -.002398 -.003961 .002548 -.00007 lopen | -.000029 .000036 .000158 .000058 -.001973 .000227 -.000022 english | -.000476 -.000693 .000455 .001042 .015298 .002811 .00022 white | .002166 -.013439 .018227 -.003143 -.134879 .012668 .002094 lwhitemg | -.000254 .000809 -.002025 .000272 .013176 -.000983 -.000157 _cons | .000223 -.097757 3.71647 -.271607 -15.191 .027661 .065685

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .014323 ldist | .006981 .074495 lopen | .000093 -.000273 .000864 english | -.001387 .009696 -.000322 .023146 white | -.000965 .003496 -.00101 .023727 4.22109 lwhitemg | .000571 -.001203 .000114 -.002187 -.398424 .038824 _cons | -.418853 -.680383 .026711 -.380533 1.81291 -.159772 166.606

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 509.71Log likelihood = -700.7249 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1981551 .0556963 3.56 0.000 .0889923 .3073179 lgdp | .7440135 .1038515 7.16 0.000 .5404684 .9475586 lgdpau | -.7033552 .7340059 -0.96 0.338 -2.14198 .7352699lgdpdfrati~w | -.3647517 .305848 -1.19 0.233 -.9642029 .2346994 lpopau | 3.722282 2.53455 1.47 0.142 -1.245344 8.689909 lpop | -.2330911 .1407454 -1.66 0.098 -.5089471 .0427648 lxrate1 | -.1574787 .0326242 -4.83 0.000 -.2214209 -.0935365 lremote | .1455732 .2482585 0.59 0.558 -.3410045 .6321509 ldist | -2.828598 .6637646 -4.26 0.000 -4.129553 -1.527643 lopen | .0384597 .0772216 0.50 0.618 -.1128919 .1898113 english | -.1522419 .418005 -0.36 0.716 -.9715166 .6670327 white | 21.00951 4.26649 4.92 0.000 12.64734 29.37167 lwhitemg | -1.89603 .3907366 -4.85 0.000 -2.66186 -1.1302 _cons | -28.17233 24.7201 -1.14 0.254 -76.62283 20.27818------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003102 lgdp | -.00285 .010785 lgdpau | .000952 -.000228 .538765lgdpdfrati~w | -.001934 .004013 -.013847 .093543 lpopau | -.006988 -.004462 -1.79971 .073658 6.42394

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lpop | -.000065 -.007474 -.001542 -.002005 -.004129 .019809 lxrate1 | .000191 .000529 .002067 .001387 -.011442 -.000809 .001064 lremote | .000912 .00358 -.02078 -.014266 .040443 -.002369 .000522 ldist | .012497 .004212 -.004936 -.00486 -.048933 .005672 .000863 lopen | .000365 -.000957 .000269 .000588 -.018806 .002465 -.000144 english | -.006705 .00293 .003524 .006999 -.011838 .013873 .000839 white | .00874 -.03672 .150079 .022663 -.4086 .067092 .006121 lwhitemg | -.001418 .001807 -.015629 -.003647 .046002 -.004926 -.000705 _cons | .016507 -.10732 15.9801 -.838189 -59.1104 -.066667 .117016

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .061632 ldist | .031713 .440583 lopen | .000962 .003291 .005963 english | -.005685 .104889 -.001642 .174728 white | .032076 .235358 .006947 .26096 18.2029 lwhitemg | .000288 -.034711 -.00048 -.028661 -1.63909 .152675 _cons | -1.00362 -3.80044 .25066 -1.14192 -.087602 .03216 611.083

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1456.27Log likelihood = -595.8177 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2688141 .0509034 5.28 0.000 .1690453 .3685829 lgdp | .5620362 .09496 5.92 0.000 .3759181 .7481544 lgdpau | .757962 .7024003 1.08 0.281 -.6187173 2.134641lgdpdfrati~w | -.0685075 .3078177 -0.22 0.824 -.671819 .5348041 lpopau | -3.181954 2.428479 -1.31 0.190 -7.941686 1.577777 lpop | .517552 .1130365 4.58 0.000 .2960046 .7390995 lxrate1 | -.1204173 .0308138 -3.91 0.000 -.1808113 -.0600233 lremote | -.3540372 .2440976 -1.45 0.147 -.8324597 .1243853 ldist | -2.080189 .4663552 -4.46 0.000 -2.994229 -1.16615 lopen | -.1586089 .0806482 -1.97 0.049 -.3166766 -.0005413 english | .9685116 .3229221 3.00 0.003 .3355959 1.601427 white | 24.82857 2.957209 8.40 0.000 19.03255 30.6246 lwhitemg | -2.390118 .2628397 -9.09 0.000 -2.905274 -1.874962 _cons | 37.51846 23.30152 1.61 0.107 -8.151689 83.1886------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002591 lgdp | -.002324 .009017 lgdpau | -.002506 .004855 .493366lgdpdfrati~w | -.002007 .003051 -.014966 .094752 lpopau | .007942 -.031825 -1.65131 .05531 5.89751 lpop | .000342 -.005884 -.002315 -.001699 .009107 .012777 lxrate1 | .000093 .000704 .000669 .001459 -.007208 -.000789 .000949 lremote | .000786 .003644 -.01689 -.020279 .033935 -.002223 .000472 ldist | .00979 -.001018 -.009818 -.001851 -.004468 .01348 .001294 lopen | .000311 -.000446 .000597 .002268 -.016682 .002252 -.000098 english | -.003651 .00126 .004135 .005929 -.015128 .001572 .001148

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white | .00639 -.025731 .024497 -.019223 -.059732 .042603 .006013 lwhitemg | -.000932 .000734 -.003827 -.000038 .01402 -.003215 -.000619 _cons | -.130215 .275779 14.6434 -.460262 -54.2973 -.265898 .076976

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .059584 ldist | .012725 .217487 lopen | .001853 .003224 .006504 english | -.007071 .064561 -.003112 .104279 white | .050786 .00781 .006762 .00166 8.74508 lwhitemg | -.001357 -.005682 -.000628 .001931 -.763228 .069085 _cons | -.792996 -2.10012 .18947 -.480162 -.320578 -.024851 542.961

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1499.13Log likelihood = -769.158 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0794311 .0380158 2.09 0.037 .0049215 .1539407 lgdp | 1.142807 .1059302 10.79 0.000 .9351881 1.350427 lgdpau | .6841019 .7993928 0.86 0.392 -.8826792 2.250883lgdpdfrati~w | -.1687437 .3301373 -0.51 0.609 -.8158009 .4783135 lpopau | 3.528941 2.782079 1.27 0.205 -1.923834 8.981716 lpop | -.6112494 .1538405 -3.97 0.000 -.9127713 -.3097275 lxrate1 | -.1419337 .0292783 -4.85 0.000 -.1993182 -.0845492 lremote | -.2588342 .2068554 -1.25 0.211 -.6642632 .1465949 ldist | -1.228683 .7443453 -1.65 0.099 -2.687573 .2302071 lopen | -.0574921 .0809473 -0.71 0.478 -.2161459 .1011617 english | .2013898 .3386104 0.59 0.552 -.4622744 .8650541 white | 27.78735 2.672571 10.40 0.000 22.54921 33.02549 lwhitemg | -2.601275 .2600091 -10.00 0.000 -3.110883 -2.091666 _cons | -76.15961 27.25217 -2.79 0.005 -129.5729 -22.74633------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001445 lgdp | -.002482 .011221 lgdpau | -.000165 .000994 .639029lgdpdfrati~w | -.002967 .004785 -.022926 .108991 lpopau | -.00607 -.013215 -2.14015 .10353 7.73997 lpop | .001934 -.012877 -.003938 -.002661 .02697 .023667 lxrate1 | -.000056 .000809 .001808 .001406 -.013521 -.00126 .000857 lremote | .001768 .004827 -.017576 -.008098 .007327 -.005484 .000307 ldist | .008093 .01193 -.025349 -.012141 -.082719 .005841 .00155 lopen | .000243 -.000353 -.003009 .005489 -.002792 .001189 -.000232 english | -.002108 .005371 .006121 .006543 -.014932 -.000988 .001686 white | .018978 -.059916 .072276 -.033629 -.530203 .076974 .009622 lwhitemg | -.001653 .004042 -.008186 .002578 .058212 -.005671 -.000948 _cons | .034078 -.008744 19.1866 -1.0956 -71.7029 -.436296 .155921

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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lremote | .042789 ldist | .078123 .55405 lopen | .002383 .003777 .006552 english | -.000494 .056029 -.000817 .114657 white | .03094 .091375 -.007595 .192594 7.14263 lwhitemg | -.001938 -.014955 .000957 -.021748 -.684531 .067605 _cons | -.803693 -4.34191 .056512 -.563569 5.77612 -.582267 742.681

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 604.25

Log likelihood = -584.9367 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4855855 .0571107 8.50 0.000 .3736506 .5975204 lgdp | .1305489 .0964923 1.35 0.176 -.0585725 .3196703 lgdpau | .9700635 .7448885 1.30 0.193 -.4898911 2.430018lgdpdfrati~w | -.5687988 .3214339 -1.77 0.077 -1.198798 .0612001 lpopau | -3.717061 2.576504 -1.44 0.149 -8.766917 1.332794 lpop | .3943419 .103339 3.82 0.000 .1918012 .5968826 lxrate1 | -.1194875 .0335045 -3.57 0.000 -.1851551 -.0538198 lremote | -.1015338 .2302773 -0.44 0.659 -.552869 .3498014 ldist | -1.12869 .592697 -1.90 0.057 -2.290355 .0329744 lopen | .0436848 .0730098 0.60 0.550 -.0994117 .1867813 english | -.01344 .2830431 -0.05 0.962 -.5681944 .5413143 white | 20.54323 2.231548 9.21 0.000 16.16948 24.91698 lwhitemg | -1.929607 .2124014 -9.08 0.000 -2.345906 -1.513308 _cons | 40.91249 24.384 1.68 0.093 -6.879263 88.70425------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003262 lgdp | -.003208 .009311 lgdpau | -.002615 .006725 .554859lgdpdfrati~w | -.002704 .005958 -.009171 .10332 lpopau | .007145 -.036462 -1.85793 .051186 6.63837 lpop | .001015 -.005656 -.003852 -.003664 .009314 .010679 lxrate1 | .000321 .000386 -.000108 .000742 -.003966 -.000541 .001123 lremote | -.000196 .00347 -.008624 -.017889 -.005276 .000458 .001315 ldist | .011243 .0034 -.003185 -.010161 -.082489 .005359 .000738 lopen | -.000412 .000924 .002312 -.000309 -.024999 .001872 -.000133 english | -.003067 .006232 .005197 .001506 -.024833 .000207 -.001218 white | .022209 -.040035 -8.6e-06 -.073593 .08635 .0167 .000156 lwhitemg | -.002555 .002426 -.00183 .004484 .002892 -.000746 -.000297 _cons | -.116649 .256885 16.3054 -.521855 -60.0065 -.151069 .045012

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053028 ldist | .037072 .35129 lopen | .002775 .004993 .00533 english | .00978 .097367 .000107 .080113 white | .110016 .197728 -.00725 .141262 4.9798 lwhitemg | -.007502 -.030526 .000643 -.016785 -.464136 .045114

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_cons | -.578476 -2.44133 .239275 -.874691 -3.76004 .329901 594.579

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1610.82Log likelihood = -240.4693 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00155 .021477 0.07 0.942 -.0405441 .0436442 lgdp | .4255187 .0770434 5.52 0.000 .2745164 .576521 lgdpau | -.2456536 .4755122 -0.52 0.605 -1.17764 .6863331lgdpdfrati~w | .1408027 .2103373 0.67 0.503 -.2714508 .5530562 lpopau | 1.063009 1.639283 0.65 0.517 -2.149926 4.275945 lpop | -.231116 .0998565 -2.31 0.021 -.4268311 -.0354008 lxrate1 | -.0456842 .0217334 -2.10 0.036 -.0882809 -.0030875 lremote | -.0911835 .1575414 -0.58 0.563 -.399959 .217592 ldist | -3.541033 .4800191 -7.38 0.000 -4.481853 -2.600213 lopen | .0198009 .0479252 0.41 0.679 -.0741307 .1137325 english | .0313001 .2994775 0.10 0.917 -.555665 .6182652 white | 16.23042 2.54357 6.38 0.000 11.24511 21.21572 lwhitemg | -1.180635 .2728071 -4.33 0.000 -1.715327 -.645943 _cons | 18.65813 16.32655 1.14 0.253 -13.34133 50.65759------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000461 lgdp | -.000649 .005936 lgdpau | .000043 -.001373 .226112lgdpdfrati~w | -.000922 .002209 -.007872 .044242 lpopau | -.001029 -.00185 -.754838 .039305 2.68725 lpop | .000272 -.004895 -.000154 -.000682 .000675 .009971 lxrate1 | -.000016 .000151 .001253 .000992 -.006006 -.000535 .000472 lremote | .000115 .002228 -.014885 -.003853 .04302 -.003269 -.000226 ldist | .001897 .003116 -.007969 -.001686 -.011657 .014158 -.000244 lopen | .000033 -.000056 -.001859 .00117 .002299 .000719 -.000048 english | -.000924 -.000656 .002866 .00187 -.002015 .00524 .000687 white | .004312 -.03288 .0441 -.008677 -.266244 .047905 .002509 lwhitemg | -.000433 .0014 -.005393 .000196 .032853 -.003943 -.000103 _cons | .006025 -.035528 6.83058 -.479387 -25.033 -.160836 .072915

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024819 ldist | .010194 .230418 lopen | .00026 .000579 .002297 english | -.000638 .057561 -.000293 .089687 white | -.005551 .137145 -.002757 .116905 6.46975 lwhitemg | .002669 -.017572 .000323 -.011605 -.684921 .074424 _cons | -.632985 -2.20424 -.007135 -.667315 1.936 -.225626 266.556

.

.

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.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Denmark

. drop if ccode==161800(10 observations deleted)

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8708.08Log likelihood = -550.5369 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3202363 .0307574 10.41 0.000 .259953 .3805196 lgdp | 1.187514 .0353586 33.58 0.000 1.118213 1.256816 lgdpau | .1386138 .6060874 0.23 0.819 -1.049296 1.326523lgdpdfrati~w | -.8485193 .2468417 -3.44 0.001 -1.33232 -.3647185 lpopau | -2.658408 2.090672 -1.27 0.204 -6.756049 1.439234 lpop | .0333468 .0427373 0.78 0.435 -.0504167 .1171104 lxrate1 | -.1294339 .0173477 -7.46 0.000 -.1634347 -.0954331 lremote | -.4306628 .0827787 -5.20 0.000 -.5929062 -.2684195 ldist | -2.134049 .1742663 -12.25 0.000 -2.475605 -1.792493 lopen | .2676067 .0561961 4.76 0.000 .1574644 .377749 english | .9189557 .1404484 6.54 0.000 .6436819 1.194229 white | 5.302562 .6319521 8.39 0.000 4.063959 6.541166 lwhitemg | -.4823688 .0553889 -8.71 0.000 -.5909291 -.3738085 _cons | 42.96138 19.2648 2.23 0.026 5.20306 80.7197------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000946 lgdp | -.000311 .00125 lgdpau | -.000884 .001421 .367342lgdpdfrati~w | -.000814 .000117 -.010095 .060931 lpopau | .001569 -.008393 -1.24164 .051341 4.37091 lpop | -.000122 -.000872 .000074 .000214 1.6e-06 .001826 lxrate1 | .000079 .000193 .000395 .000199 -.002764 -.000108 .000301 lremote | .00048 .000218 -.000613 -.001985 -.002933 -.000439 .000084 ldist | .001564 .001562 .001102 -.001379 -.01814 -.000101 .001993 lopen | -.000127 .000586 .002343 .000853 -.016314 .000304 .000113 english | -.001218 .003504 .003168 .001765 -.012648 -.001933 .000728 white | .004839 -.001295 .005624 -.013221 -.04418 .004889 .001399 lwhitemg | -.000592 .000132 -.000526 .001179 .004535 -.000406 -.000142 _cons | -.018983 .069557 10.9363 -.621358 -39.6129 -.00396 .011193

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006852 ldist | .005224 .030369 lopen | .001443 .000633 .003158 english | -.002726 .00558 -.000937 .019726 white | .006271 .007875 .001155 .001455 .399363 lwhitemg | -.000321 -.001179 -.000192 .000086 -.03444 .003068 _cons | -.041569 -.112681 .174145 .03981 .368804 -.03961 371.133

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 53315.48Log likelihood = -949.1357 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0498378 .0140132 3.56 0.000 .0223723 .0773032 lgdp | 1.606752 .0528952 30.38 0.000 1.50308 1.710425 lgdpau | .8717939 .3526991 2.47 0.013 .1805164 1.563071lgdpdfrati~w | -.44635 .1482709 -3.01 0.003 -.7369555 -.1557444 lpopau | -6.381638 1.193089 -5.35 0.000 -8.720049 -4.043227 lpop | -.3414056 .0856943 -3.98 0.000 -.5093633 -.1734479 lxrate1 | -.1193819 .020171 -5.92 0.000 -.1589165 -.0798474 lremote | -.9160613 .1148698 -7.97 0.000 -1.141202 -.6909207 ldist | -3.228003 .1613238 -20.01 0.000 -3.544191 -2.911814 lopen | -.0545189 .0265715 -2.05 0.040 -.106598 -.0024397 english | 1.010011 .0834657 12.10 0.000 .8464216 1.173601 white | 5.498469 .7578534 7.26 0.000 4.013103 6.983834 lwhitemg | -.5333441 .0697231 -7.65 0.000 -.669999 -.3966893 _cons | 95.42747 11.32074 8.43 0.000 73.23923 117.6157------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000196 lgdp | -.000232 .002798 lgdpau | -.001165 .001969 .124397lgdpdfrati~w | -.000553 .000643 -.011253 .021984 lpopau | .004662 -.008497 -.412033 .022015 1.42346 lpop | .000105 -.004251 -.001783 .00014 .005919 .007344 lxrate1 | -.000025 .000331 .000025 .000436 -.003336 -.000395 .000407 lremote | .000277 -.000262 -.007619 -.004529 .027306 .000029 -.000082 ldist | .000464 -.001234 -.00663 -.002394 .017432 .002287 .000407 lopen | .000038 -.000137 -.000991 .000817 .003739 .000317 -.000082 english | -.000424 .000503 .003209 .002605 -.020855 .000024 .001101 white | .001199 -.015055 -.018355 -.008096 .066613 .021928 -.000467 lwhitemg | -.000123 .000746 .000954 .000419 -.004144 -.000963 .000065 _cons | -.05032 .106374 3.70141 -.043218 -13.1461 -.091782 .048534

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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lremote | .013195 ldist | .006995 .026025 lopen | .000816 .000314 .000706 english | -.002765 .00188 -.000417 .006967 white | .021181 -.020417 .002453 -.003264 .574342 lwhitemg | -.000641 .003374 -.000161 .000441 -.050584 .004861 _cons | -.427615 -.438419 -.048593 .251343 -.610369 .014621 128.159

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 12872.94Log likelihood = -904.8728 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1275684 .0251819 5.07 0.000 .0782129 .176924 lgdp | 1.602816 .0754011 21.26 0.000 1.455032 1.750599 lgdpau | .0578148 .5821954 0.10 0.921 -1.083267 1.198897lgdpdfrati~w | -.3143249 .2386979 -1.32 0.188 -.7821642 .1535144 lpopau | -1.751625 2.016033 -0.87 0.385 -5.702977 2.199727 lpop | -.6626754 .0756082 -8.76 0.000 -.8108648 -.514486 lxrate1 | -.1748917 .0274348 -6.37 0.000 -.228663 -.1211204 lremote | -.2583169 .1562419 -1.65 0.098 -.5645454 .0479116 ldist | -4.447743 .3710301 -11.99 0.000 -5.174948 -3.720537 lopen | .0984926 .0449075 2.19 0.028 .0104754 .1865097 english | .6907183 .1256343 5.50 0.000 .4444796 .936957 white | 12.93235 1.828675 7.07 0.000 9.348208 16.51648 lwhitemg | -1.076238 .1906613 -5.64 0.000 -1.449928 -.7025489 _cons | 50.47393 19.11772 2.64 0.008 13.00388 87.94398------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000634 lgdp | -.000978 .005685 lgdpau | -.001751 .003824 .338952lgdpdfrati~w | -.001033 .002488 -.022624 .056977 lpopau | .00465 -.022868 -1.13949 .0757 4.06439 lpop | .000671 -.003962 -.00308 -.001655 .013994 .005717 lxrate1 | .000024 .000483 .000353 .001056 -.005901 -.000881 .000753 lremote | -.000057 .001187 -.008782 -.002062 .017067 -.000418 .000028 ldist | .002821 .009417 -.012173 -.002903 -.021324 -.000055 .000822 lopen | .000109 -.00055 .000125 .00159 -.001982 .001237 -.000194 english | -.001083 .004061 .003857 .003389 -.022632 -.000531 .001598 white | .003166 -.022517 .005567 .003971 -.031006 .018736 .006537 lwhitemg | -.000339 .000616 -.001823 -.000954 .011008 -.001146 -.000695 _cons | -.047984 .115894 10.1975 -.702524 -37.2903 -.146856 .07929

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024412 ldist | .017392 .137663 lopen | .00072 -.000288 .002017 english | -.002181 .006796 -.001147 .015784

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white | .000305 -.071245 .00261 .018559 3.34405 lwhitemg | .001966 .00215 -.000158 -.003002 -.34263 .036352 _cons | -.450706 -1.01439 .018928 .138648 1.19966 -.163391 365.487

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2421.50Log likelihood = -1097.343 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1049494 .0380654 2.76 0.006 .0303426 .1795562 lgdp | .9070843 .0769831 11.78 0.000 .7562003 1.057968 lgdpau | -.7299055 .8272502 -0.88 0.378 -2.351286 .8914751lgdpdfrati~w | -.5636584 .3433119 -1.64 0.101 -1.236537 .1092205 lpopau | .8120524 2.825296 0.29 0.774 -4.725425 6.34953 lpop | .0439469 .0950293 0.46 0.644 -.142307 .2302009 lxrate1 | -.1540831 .0339019 -4.54 0.000 -.2205296 -.0876367 lremote | .6387234 .2257243 2.83 0.005 .196312 1.081135 ldist | -1.154379 .3300295 -3.50 0.000 -1.801225 -.507533 lopen | .3425768 .0737138 4.65 0.000 .1981005 .4870531 english | 1.644515 .2311318 7.12 0.000 1.191505 2.097525 white | 1.948371 1.980588 0.98 0.325 -1.93351 5.830252 lwhitemg | .1643537 .1778929 0.92 0.356 -.1843099 .5130173 _cons | -6.996686 26.60564 -0.26 0.793 -59.14278 45.14941------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001449 lgdp | -.001366 .005926 lgdpau | -.002347 .001708 .684343lgdpdfrati~w | -.000617 .001683 -.019468 .117863 lpopau | .006317 -.012942 -2.29096 .037356 7.9823 lpop | .000345 -.0054 .000591 -.000645 .001239 .009031 lxrate1 | .000111 .00095 .000236 .002185 -.008066 -.001307 .001149 lremote | .000813 .000318 -.026724 -.016556 .091002 .000266 -.000957 ldist | .004063 -.008487 -.017616 -.007004 .050529 .013681 .000019 lopen | .000174 -.001012 .0038 .003507 -.019277 .00275 -.000179 english | -.002852 .000068 .010271 .007841 -.033746 3.1e-06 .001856 white | .003113 -.023189 .09791 .01407 -.368581 .023562 .000679 lwhitemg | -.000489 .000948 -.010547 -.00282 .041653 -.000838 -.00023 _cons | -.069586 .203949 20.4363 -.044493 -73.4075 -.187146 .128392

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .050951 ldist | .013635 .108919 lopen | .001442 -.001634 .005434 english | -.013291 .013665 -.001625 .053422 white | .026366 .034429 .006932 .051951 3.92273 lwhitemg | .001026 -.00053 -.000434 -.003925 -.341646 .031646 _cons | -1.37862 -1.58267 .202365 .261534 3.09257 -.421022 707.86

. **III. Liberal Estimates

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. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 50755.04Log likelihood = -886.1071 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0256164 .0143399 1.79 0.074 -.0024892 .0537221 lgdp | 1.56071 .0523251 29.83 0.000 1.458155 1.663265 lgdpau | .6017863 .390937 1.54 0.124 -.1644361 1.368009lgdpdfrati~w | -.2227525 .1413883 -1.58 0.115 -.4998684 .0543634 lpopau | -6.372118 1.32383 -4.81 0.000 -8.966778 -3.777458 lpop | -.1716982 .0881632 -1.95 0.051 -.344495 .0010985 lxrate1 | -.0395706 .0184393 -2.15 0.032 -.0757109 -.0034303 lremote | -.5216412 .1601886 -3.26 0.001 -.8356051 -.2076773 ldist | -2.461304 .1724039 -14.28 0.000 -2.79921 -2.123399 lopen | -.0290942 .0294017 -0.99 0.322 -.0867204 .0285321 english | 1.143073 .1172912 9.75 0.000 .9131863 1.37296 white | 5.407354 .9480195 5.70 0.000 3.54927 7.265439 lwhitemg | -.4178892 .0873574 -4.78 0.000 -.5891065 -.2466719 _cons | 89.46597 12.47391 7.17 0.000 65.01755 113.9144------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000206 lgdp | -.00022 .002738 lgdpau | -.00083 .001863 .152832lgdpdfrati~w | -.000346 .000773 -.007116 .019991 lpopau | .002786 -.006929 -.507639 .011204 1.75253 lpop | .000133 -.004252 -.001249 -.000103 .002634 .007773 lxrate1 | 8.2e-06 .000237 -.000037 .000459 -.002441 -.000292 .00034 lremote | 4.8e-06 -.00068 -.016891 -.004043 .060103 -.000458 -.000173 ldist | .000939 -.004874 -.002846 .001094 -.001673 .00916 .000568 lopen | .000015 -.000078 -.00097 .001085 .003328 .000281 -.000064 english | -.000341 -.000215 .004074 .002541 -.01977 .000167 .000904 white | .000693 -.015179 -.028584 -.004945 .079086 .023739 .001666 lwhitemg | -.00011 .000707 .000766 -3.7e-06 -.000629 -.001248 -.000195 _cons | -.031207 .123743 4.57529 -.008843 -16.1712 -.120594 .035097

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02566 ldist | -.003711 .029723 lopen | .001211 .0003 .000864 english | -.00486 .007465 -.000492 .013757 white | .035515 .023211 .001886 .003604 .898741 lwhitemg | -.000374 -.00161 -.000061 -.000255 -.079474 .007631 _cons | -.716602 -.192835 -.046569 .187453 -1.13356 .013838 155.598

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 12321.01Log likelihood = -935.3873 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2111446 .0306869 6.88 0.000 .1509995 .2712898 lgdp | 1.549646 .0724885 21.38 0.000 1.407572 1.691721 lgdpau | -.1769495 .5666878 -0.31 0.755 -1.287637 .9337381lgdpdfrati~w | -.1294829 .2543667 -0.51 0.611 -.6280324 .3690667 lpopau | -.7519391 1.985517 -0.38 0.705 -4.643481 3.139603 lpop | -.5603902 .0769942 -7.28 0.000 -.711296 -.4094844 lxrate1 | -.1652785 .0269036 -6.14 0.000 -.2180085 -.1125485 lremote | -.1615567 .1383806 -1.17 0.243 -.4327776 .1096643 ldist | -3.54513 .3515122 -10.09 0.000 -4.234081 -2.856179 lopen | .1094451 .0477303 2.29 0.022 .0158955 .2029947 english | .6813787 .123812 5.50 0.000 .4387116 .9240458 white | 14.24556 1.868895 7.62 0.000 10.58259 17.90853 lwhitemg | -1.252438 .1941313 -6.45 0.000 -1.632928 -.8719473 _cons | 29.53698 18.94985 1.56 0.119 -7.604046 66.67801------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000942 lgdp | -.001313 .005255 lgdpau | -.00136 .002107 .321135lgdpdfrati~w | -.001246 .003124 -.022498 .064702 lpopau | .003194 -.014962 -1.09021 .087492 3.94228 lpop | .000754 -.003895 -.000919 -.002158 .006045 .005928 lxrate1 | .000079 .000329 -.000158 .001161 -.004202 -.000747 .000724 lremote | .000079 .000565 -.004734 -.000346 .003963 -.000028 -.000023 ldist | .004452 .003791 -.010838 -.001674 -.020979 .001389 .001051 lopen | .000151 -.000709 .001614 .001267 -.008519 .001478 -.000282 english | -.00154 .003839 .001076 .004596 -.012223 -.000559 .001591 white | .002813 -.023279 .009031 .00299 -.023814 .019849 .006025 lwhitemg | -.000305 .001079 -.001471 -.000809 .00669 -.00135 -.000611 _cons | -.04611 .098533 9.80572 -.943672 -36.5166 -.093492 .063776

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .019149 ldist | .014208 .123561 lopen | .000584 -.00042 .002278 english | -.002107 .000045 -.001438 .015329 white | .002672 -.087292 .002482 .019328 3.49277 lwhitemg | .00135 .005449 -.000143 -.002618 -.357831 .037687 _cons | -.257096 -.799336 .091413 .108929 1.12554 -.134559 359.097

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8401.83Log likelihood = -1103.672 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0159176 .011521 1.38 0.167 -.0066631 .0384982 lgdp | 1.294233 .0399037 32.43 0.000 1.216024 1.372443 lgdpau | .7150176 .3499092 2.04 0.041 .0292083 1.400827lgdpdfrati~w | -.0975827 .0974409 -1.00 0.317 -.2885634 .093398 lpopau | -7.311984 1.189243 -6.15 0.000 -9.642858 -4.981111 lpop | .1169958 .0522518 2.24 0.025 .0145842 .2194075 lxrate1 | -.0271363 .0130943 -2.07 0.038 -.0528007 -.0014719 lremote | -.4777222 .1351654 -3.53 0.000 -.7426416 -.2128028 ldist | -3.39438 .2502727 -13.56 0.000 -3.884906 -2.903855 lopen | .0138065 .0292977 0.47 0.637 -.043616 .0712289 english | 2.566655 .1050589 24.43 0.000 2.360743 2.772566 white | 4.996365 1.080927 4.62 0.000 2.877787 7.114944 lwhitemg | -.1913132 .0940164 -2.03 0.042 -.3755819 -.0070446 _cons | 110.7436 11.68831 9.47 0.000 87.83496 133.6523------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000133 lgdp | -.000211 .001592 lgdpau | .00037 -.000882 .122436lgdpdfrati~w | -.000086 .000233 .00009 .009495 lpopau | -.002495 .002847 -.405267 -.002393 1.4143 lpop | .000111 -.001538 .000362 .00012 -.002376 .00273 lxrate1 | .000011 .000068 -.000248 .000307 -.000456 -.000115 .000171 lremote | .00008 .000653 -.016043 .00317 .046463 -.000469 .000334 ldist | .000506 .00167 -.009248 .002259 .01176 -.000258 .00065 lopen | .000012 -.000082 .000468 .001301 -.000941 .000287 -.000068 english | -.000339 .000232 -.001263 .000254 .001669 .001217 .000481 white | .000346 -.008061 -.005928 .000928 .008463 .01458 .000501 lwhitemg | -.000022 .00036 -.00087 .000243 .003823 -.001006 .000016 _cons | .028811 -.056141 3.75552 -.029264 -13.3754 .027018 .004024

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .01827 ldist | .012241 .062636 lopen | .000822 .000207 .000858 english | -.00088 .002417 -.000655 .011037 white | .004194 -.002319 .000117 .022723 1.1684 lwhitemg | .001062 .0009 .000045 -.00214 -.098022 .008839 _cons | -.639799 -.701813 -.009132 -.037243 -.061068 -.050773 136.616

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 844.95

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Log likelihood = -577.7347 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3910846 .0424495 9.21 0.000 .3078851 .4742841 lgdp | .0985095 .0565695 1.74 0.082 -.0123648 .2093837 lgdpau | .2780416 .3695266 0.75 0.452 -.4462172 1.002301lgdpdfrati~w | -.75643 .1438415 -5.26 0.000 -1.038354 -.4745059 lpopau | -2.658272 1.383104 -1.92 0.055 -5.369106 .0525613 lpop | .5165062 .0833158 6.20 0.000 .3532102 .6798023 lxrate1 | -.1869794 .0235988 -7.92 0.000 -.2332323 -.1407266 lremote | .4019977 .1562048 2.57 0.010 .095842 .7081534 ldist | -1.339714 .385213 -3.48 0.001 -2.094717 -.5847101 lopen | .1506365 .020883 7.21 0.000 .1097067 .1915664 english | .741282 .20531 3.61 0.000 .3388819 1.143682 white | 13.68576 .9397457 14.56 0.000 11.84389 15.52763 lwhitemg | -1.234107 .0887819 -13.90 0.000 -1.408116 -1.060098 _cons | 41.00175 14.37514 2.85 0.004 12.827 69.17651------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001802 lgdp | -.000628 .0032 lgdpau | .003856 -.004044 .13655lgdpdfrati~w | -.001727 -.000531 -.005794 .02069 lpopau | -.023778 .026139 -.485461 .021044 1.91298 lpop | -.000731 -.002468 -.000599 .00121 -.007553 .006942 lxrate1 | .000043 .000145 .001504 .000741 -.007895 -.000467 .000557 lremote | .002433 .001984 -.011923 -.006337 .032229 -.003076 -.000225 ldist | .004793 -.005377 .000386 -.002789 -.075976 .011086 .000671 lopen | .000471 -.000506 .000231 -.000929 -.00503 .000261 -.000185 english | -.001838 .001245 -.000415 .004001 -.004138 .005158 .001393 white | .007472 -.0007 .028125 -.002458 -.194586 .004847 .008036 lwhitemg | -.000764 -.000423 -.003184 .00043 .017789 .000094 -.000685 _cons | .242816 -.326951 4.6489 -.135007 -18.8861 .013711 .08752

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .0244 ldist | .019718 .148389 lopen | .0005 .001545 .000436 english | -.003598 .008516 -.001087 .042152 white | .022579 -.059252 -.000797 .066173 .883122 lwhitemg | -.001228 .008262 .000088 -.004259 -.080841 .007882 _cons | -.627613 -.419297 .065222 -.104041 2.67775 -.261501 206.645

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6796.35Log likelihood = -589.9648 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .1365589 .0285252 4.79 0.000 .0806505 .1924672 lgdp | .241815 .0498102 4.85 0.000 .1441888 .3394411 lgdpau | -.1114259 .0560732 -1.99 0.047 -.2213274 -.0015244lgdpdfrati~w | -.1243424 .037303 -3.33 0.001 -.197455 -.0512298 lpopau | 2.886237 .2335024 12.36 0.000 2.42858 3.343893 lpop | .7966935 .1014463 7.85 0.000 .5978623 .9955247 lxrate1 | -.0130165 .0073646 -1.77 0.077 -.027451 .0014179 lremote | .1509293 .0293752 5.14 0.000 .093355 .2085036 ldist | -3.226843 .3431265 -9.40 0.000 -3.899358 -2.554327 lopen | .0025339 .0271201 0.09 0.926 -.0506205 .0556884 english | .8596934 .2817882 3.05 0.002 .3073987 1.411988 white | 27.86285 1.879591 14.82 0.000 24.17892 31.54678 lwhitemg | -2.413605 .2059094 -11.72 0.000 -2.81718 -2.01003 _cons | -28.41502 4.939981 -5.75 0.000 -38.09721 -18.73284------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000814 lgdp | -.000443 .002481 lgdpau | -.000574 -.00046 .003144lgdpdfrati~w | .000275 -.000972 .00065 .001392 lpopau | .003929 .000273 -.01087 .000243 .054523 lpop | -.000282 -.002244 .001325 .000547 -.004321 .010291 lxrate1 | 9.8e-06 .000073 -.000042 .000026 .000548 -.00021 .000054 lremote | -.00027 .001046 -.000534 -.000821 .000071 -.000736 .000027 ldist | .002835 -.000316 -.002458 .000077 .019132 -.001322 -.000081 lopen | -.000301 -.000221 .000234 -.000335 -.003467 .001033 -.000138 english | -.000324 .000166 .000263 .000136 -.003475 -.000304 .000054 white | .003261 -.009132 .00149 .003614 -.000408 .033534 -.000456 lwhitemg | -.00053 .000497 .000118 -.000241 -.00196 -.003026 .00004 _cons | -.065639 -.017341 .118788 -.00434 -.764263 -.054073 -.006181

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .000863 ldist | -.000057 .117736 lopen | .000151 -.000645 .000736 english | -.000106 .05774 -.000197 .079405 white | -.004067 .045075 .001034 .069526 3.53286 lwhitemg | .00027 -.006909 .000023 -.006389 -.383518 .042399 _cons | -.004003 -1.37018 .048239 -.515376 -.804597 .135154 24.4034

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

Wald chi2(13) = 824.27Log likelihood = -545.6564 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5059479 .0498281 10.15 0.000 .4082866 .6036092 lgdp | .0863135 .0840856 1.03 0.305 -.0784912 .2511183 lgdpau | 1.970624 .8030653 2.45 0.014 .3966451 3.544603lgdpdfrati~w | -.7016799 .2898862 -2.42 0.015 -1.269846 -.1335134

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lpopau | -9.661984 2.764074 -3.50 0.000 -15.07947 -4.244497 lpop | .2810764 .1064562 2.64 0.008 .0724261 .4897267 lxrate1 | -.1214412 .0270749 -4.49 0.000 -.174507 -.0683753 lremote | .1709382 .2417806 0.71 0.480 -.302943 .6448195 ldist | -1.528461 .3278989 -4.66 0.000 -2.171131 -.8857911 lopen | .066057 .0542445 1.22 0.223 -.0402604 .1723743 english | .1453399 .2316281 0.63 0.530 -.3086428 .5993225 white | 12.14237 .7739184 15.69 0.000 10.62552 13.65922 lwhitemg | -1.060786 .0720266 -14.73 0.000 -1.201956 -.9196166 _cons | 118.4018 26.12805 4.53 0.000 67.19175 169.6118------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002483 lgdp | -.001535 .00707 lgdpau | .000492 -.000253 .644914lgdpdfrati~w | -.001521 .002144 -.019226 .084034 lpopau | -.005799 -.007823 -2.15889 .077108 7.64011 lpop | -.000141 -.005659 -.000518 -.000969 .001314 .011333 lxrate1 | .000176 -.000014 .000621 .000944 -.005728 -.00051 .000733 lremote | .002149 .004525 -.018702 -.010473 .048019 -.003912 .00051 ldist | .005297 .000741 -.00917 -.00384 -.016227 .003585 .001271 lopen | -.000265 .000885 .000432 -.000486 -.010717 .000365 .000016 english | -.002143 .003196 .004443 .005532 -.02428 -.002538 .001284 white | .01513 -.030953 .005354 -.011672 -.074072 .040667 .004556 lwhitemg | -.001449 .00156 -.00181 .000345 .013871 -.002443 -.0004 _cons | .034881 .028265 19.1697 -.761942 -70.2591 -.057826 .066141

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058458 ldist | .033708 .107518 lopen | .001359 .001786 .002942 english | -.010055 .018235 .00012 .053652 white | .017602 .012017 -.001869 .005845 .59895 lwhitemg | .000122 -.000361 .000074 -.000127 -.051508 .005188 _cons | -1.17572 -.914381 .116146 .1525 .731215 -.163682 682.675

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1368.89Log likelihood = -348.8158 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0470101 .0198416 2.37 0.018 .0081213 .0858988 lgdp | .1911187 .0571747 3.34 0.001 .0790583 .3031791 lgdpau | -.2372624 .3225793 -0.74 0.462 -.8695062 .3949814lgdpdfrati~w | -.4010598 .2082209 -1.93 0.054 -.8091652 .0070456 lpopau | 2.303513 1.145064 2.01 0.044 .0592282 4.547798 lpop | .1138973 .0712907 1.60 0.110 -.02583 .2536245 lxrate1 | -.0784001 .0185966 -4.22 0.000 -.1148487 -.0419515 lremote | -.1539438 .1112771 -1.38 0.167 -.372043 .0641554 ldist | -1.402081 .1484374 -9.45 0.000 -1.693013 -1.111149 lopen | .0112254 .0265744 0.42 0.673 -.0408595 .0633103 english | 2.134723 .2129479 10.02 0.000 1.717352 2.552093

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white | 11.0478 1.798338 6.14 0.000 7.523119 14.57247 lwhitemg | -.8509064 .1840605 -4.62 0.000 -1.211658 -.4901544 _cons | -21.94727 11.47558 -1.91 0.056 -44.439 .5444573------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000394 lgdp | -.000383 .003269 lgdpau | .000308 -.001743 .104057lgdpdfrati~w | -.000674 -.000085 -.001116 .043356 lpopau | -.001287 .007202 -.355584 .024855 1.31117 lpop | .000088 -.003102 .001129 .000811 -.008286 .005082 lxrate1 | -.000014 .0002 .001264 .000771 -.005862 -.000197 .000346 lremote | .000239 .001063 -.007528 -.00416 .027126 -.000735 -.000441 ldist | .00079 .001023 -.000819 -.001942 .00053 .00117 -.000347 lopen | .000027 -.00028 -.000156 .001111 -.000935 .000355 -4.5e-06 english | -.000602 -.002401 .00472 .003907 -.013971 .003988 .000307 white | .001628 -.023226 .013909 .00147 -.06912 .02434 .000508 lwhitemg | -.000176 .001355 -.001135 .000078 .005371 -.001589 -.000058 _cons | .009642 -.114619 3.25727 -.38588 -12.6975 .092423 .06795

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012383 ldist | -.00126 .022034 lopen | -.000128 -.000068 .000706 english | -.005765 .004085 .000017 .045347 white | .009559 -.029934 .001422 .075965 3.23402 lwhitemg | -.000542 .00159 -.000072 -.007312 -.325893 .033878 _cons | -.354607 -.225415 .021308 .103942 1.09342 -.073272 131.689

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1325.13Log likelihood = -836.3101 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1572681 .0613212 2.56 0.010 .0370808 .2774553 lgdp | .5720316 .1048643 5.45 0.000 .3665014 .7775619 lgdpau | -2.33037 1.094874 -2.13 0.033 -4.476283 -.1844569lgdpdfrati~w | -1.048793 .4367276 -2.40 0.016 -1.904763 -.1928226 lpopau | 5.233499 3.753677 1.39 0.163 -2.123573 12.59057 lpop | .1117399 .1185 0.94 0.346 -.1205158 .3439956 lxrate1 | -.1653777 .0378522 -4.37 0.000 -.2395666 -.0911888 lremote | 1.904556 .2496666 7.63 0.000 1.415218 2.393893 ldist | -1.330714 .438584 -3.03 0.002 -2.190323 -.4711053 lopen | .0192265 .0771625 0.25 0.803 -.1320093 .1704623 english | .6722639 .2509081 2.68 0.007 .1804931 1.164035 white | 16.1035 1.723529 9.34 0.000 12.72545 19.48156 lwhitemg | -1.313692 .1643925 -7.99 0.000 -1.635896 -.9914889 _cons | -40.56271 35.18492 -1.15 0.249 -109.5239 28.39846------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00376 lgdp | -.004028 .010997 lgdpau | -.002217 .005706 1.19875lgdpdfrati~w | -.001718 .004375 -.005928 .190731 lpopau | .003336 -.025099 -4.0097 .061185 14.0901 lpop | .001678 -.009514 -.003009 -.002685 .010983 .014042 lxrate1 | .00012 .001398 .00115 .001665 -.009633 -.001326 .001433 lremote | .001469 -.003136 -.027041 -.016761 .075149 .003337 .000032 ldist | .011122 -.009318 -.009315 -.008454 -.004974 .011698 -.001789 lopen | .000254 -.000773 .005301 .000794 -.030949 .002179 -.000357 english | -.005557 .00994 .007835 .002196 -.023045 -.008868 -.000592 white | .026791 -.051226 -.04515 -.053414 .063647 .047048 .007736 lwhitemg | -.002821 .003062 .000756 .002569 .008526 -.002355 -.000996 _cons | -.069553 .296707 35.3301 -.879455 -128.915 -.250219 .129036

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .062333 ldist | .016671 .192356 lopen | .002808 .003653 .005954 english | -.006346 .019289 -.001058 .062955 white | .14242 .112207 .000474 .034588 2.97055 lwhitemg | -.007287 -.01462 .000089 -.005409 -.273675 .027025 _cons | -1.21749 -1.66958 .302874 -.021283 -1.92751 .027978 1237.98

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1096.69Log likelihood = -157.308 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0126865 .0276789 0.46 0.647 -.0415632 .0669362 lgdp | .173843 .060465 2.88 0.004 .0553339 .2923521 lgdpau | .2325455 .4266652 0.55 0.586 -.603703 1.068794lgdpdfrati~w | .3081796 .1961491 1.57 0.116 -.0762656 .6926247 lpopau | 2.583532 1.510568 1.71 0.087 -.3771259 5.544191 lpop | .275877 .0870053 3.17 0.002 .1053498 .4464042 lxrate1 | -.0286143 .0170869 -1.67 0.094 -.0621041 .0048755 lremote | .1324353 .1259151 1.05 0.293 -.1143538 .3792244 ldist | -2.37135 .4299415 -5.52 0.000 -3.21402 -1.528681 lopen | .0722097 .0406838 1.77 0.076 -.0075291 .1519485 english | 1.168723 .1908572 6.12 0.000 .7946496 1.542796 white | 18.97408 1.124778 16.87 0.000 16.76956 21.17861 lwhitemg | -1.58559 .1097935 -14.44 0.000 -1.800781 -1.370399 _cons | -35.6879 15.54582 -2.30 0.022 -66.15715 -5.218653------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000766 lgdp | -.000613 .003656 lgdpau | -.0007 -.000567 .182043lgdpdfrati~w | -.000781 .000563 -.000377 .038474

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lpopau | .001943 .004358 -.609076 .020029 2.28181 lpop | -.000148 -.003003 .000895 .000918 -.009485 .00757 lxrate1 | .000032 .000097 .000154 .000561 -.002766 -.000087 .000292 lremote | .001015 .002565 -.007865 -.003558 .020893 -.002339 .000186 ldist | .002006 -.004401 -.00988 -.008028 -.005776 .01009 .000237 lopen | .000026 -.000165 .000052 .000317 -.004449 .000671 -.000051 english | -.000924 -.000612 .003581 .00282 -.018626 .004645 .000165 white | .00452 -.019039 .02002 -.005214 -.299021 .029477 .004039 lwhitemg | -.000448 .001134 -.002004 .000503 .028822 -.002332 -.000415 _cons | -.02934 -.069775 5.49126 -.280124 -21.969 .00563 .035557

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015855 ldist | .016191 .18485 lopen | -.000034 .000476 .001655 english | -.005321 .009178 -.000022 .036426 white | -.008829 -.010339 -.000847 .050153 1.26513 lwhitemg | .000547 .002438 .000102 -.004718 -.121063 .012055 _cons | -.452838 -1.62099 .062315 .107847 4.52872 -.438185 241.673

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

Wald chi2(13) = 1038.51Log likelihood = 106.8997 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0036135 .0204618 -0.18 0.860 -.0437178 .0364909 lgdp | .3146682 .0528014 5.96 0.000 .2111794 .4181571 lgdpau | -.3813137 .3876292 -0.98 0.325 -1.141053 .3784255lgdpdfrati~w | -.1082922 .1499703 -0.72 0.470 -.4022285 .1856441 lpopau | 4.625187 1.392381 3.32 0.001 1.896171 7.354203 lpop | -.098543 .0666736 -1.48 0.139 -.2292208 .0321347 lxrate1 | -.1023053 .0155563 -6.58 0.000 -.132795 -.0718156 lremote | .5160818 .1366441 3.78 0.000 .2482643 .7838993 ldist | -1.174172 .276655 -4.24 0.000 -1.716406 -.6319381 lopen | .0310098 .0301934 1.03 0.304 -.0281681 .0901878 english | .4800273 .1877755 2.56 0.011 .111994 .8480606 white | 12.18411 1.125034 10.83 0.000 9.979082 14.38913 lwhitemg | -1.01619 .1248423 -8.14 0.000 -1.260877 -.771504 _cons | -64.6041 14.34815 -4.50 0.000 -92.72595 -36.48224------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000419 lgdp | -.000399 .002788 lgdpau | .000123 -.000703 .150256lgdpdfrati~w | -.000501 .000496 -.007079 .022491 lpopau | -.002121 .004386 -.512338 .031347 1.93872 lpop | -.000026 -.002448 -.000053 -.00005 -.001788 .004445 lxrate1 | -5.1e-06 .000023 .000465 .000502 -.004443 -.000121 .000242 lremote | .000485 .002078 -.008737 -.001583 .028517 -.001794 -.000059 ldist | .002038 -.002551 -.002828 -.001426 -.00289 .005178 .000131 lopen | -.000016 -.000041 .00019 .000214 -.001891 .000295 -.000028

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english | -.000505 -.002121 .000708 .001365 .014683 .005279 .000267 white | .00216 -.016995 .005301 -.001676 -.101545 .024485 .001883 lwhitemg | -.000246 .001093 -.0009 .000193 .010174 -.001939 -.000127 _cons | .016262 -.069722 4.68127 -.340362 -19.0205 -.018146 .060615

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .018672 ldist | .007856 .076538 lopen | .000035 -.000386 .000912 english | -.002693 .01615 -.000044 .03526 white | -.003219 .041158 .000026 .048479 1.2657 lwhitemg | .000827 -.00447 .000026 -.004617 -.136699 .015586 _cons | -.499253 -.713405 .026548 -.434636 1.14843 -.101558 205.869

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3013.00Log likelihood = -648.0784 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2004408 .0508526 3.94 0.000 .1007714 .3001101 lgdp | .7614572 .0999724 7.62 0.000 .5655149 .9573996 lgdpau | -.6048956 .6190841 -0.98 0.329 -1.818278 .6084871lgdpdfrati~w | -.3101381 .2603294 -1.19 0.234 -.8203744 .2000983 lpopau | 3.957518 2.127747 1.86 0.063 -.2127888 8.127824 lpop | -.342106 .1425647 -2.40 0.016 -.6215276 -.0626843 lxrate1 | -.1376691 .0299767 -4.59 0.000 -.1964224 -.0789157 lremote | .347628 .2062573 1.69 0.092 -.0566289 .7518848 ldist | -2.215572 .5162869 -4.29 0.000 -3.227476 -1.203668 lopen | .0378743 .0594118 0.64 0.524 -.0785706 .1543193 english | -.0450905 .3924025 -0.11 0.909 -.8141852 .7240042 white | 25.00017 1.743801 14.34 0.000 21.58238 28.41795 lwhitemg | -2.206946 .1885181 -11.71 0.000 -2.576435 -1.837458 _cons | -40.96604 20.72148 -1.98 0.048 -81.57941 -.3526812------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002586 lgdp | -.002297 .009994 lgdpau | .001129 -.001274 .383265lgdpdfrati~w | -.001578 .00274 -.007159 .067771 lpopau | -.007479 .002826 -1.27362 .04684 4.52731 lpop | -.00005 -.007568 -.001363 -.00133 -.006602 .020325 lxrate1 | .000134 .000417 .001791 .001063 -.009025 -.000728 .000899 lremote | .000788 .003496 -.017932 -.010243 .035937 -.002795 .00041 ldist | .007902 .006448 -.001195 -.001923 -.024218 .002192 -.000676 lopen | .000433 -.001083 -.00088 -.000475 -.008622 .001684 -.000204 english | -.006421 .001088 .003501 .006616 -.00799 .014815 .000101 white | .011559 -.04605 .041291 .006586 -.172966 .06015 .003828 lwhitemg | -.00161 .002521 -.005741 -.001933 .021322 -.003877 -.000352 _cons | .054655 -.204107 11.2848 -.588868 -41.7285 -.000669 .102506

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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lremote | .042542 ldist | .00812 .266552 lopen | .000519 .001638 .00353 english | -.012322 .059409 -.001872 .15398 white | -.027997 .083326 .002703 .180616 3.04084 lwhitemg | .005401 -.017335 -.000167 -.016727 -.319912 .035539 _cons | -.602746 -2.40117 .145933 -.683094 1.19283 -.066193 429.38

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3030.43Log likelihood = -537.7074 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1911573 .0461039 4.15 0.000 .1007954 .2815193 lgdp | .5724451 .1011376 5.66 0.000 .3742191 .770671 lgdpau | .8330402 .6034546 1.38 0.167 -.3497091 2.01579lgdpdfrati~w | -.0538182 .2636059 -0.20 0.838 -.5704762 .4628399 lpopau | -3.703096 2.088191 -1.77 0.076 -7.795875 .3896825 lpop | .4696353 .1295473 3.63 0.000 .2157273 .7235433 lxrate1 | -.0891573 .0298434 -2.99 0.003 -.1476494 -.0306652 lremote | -.0714648 .2017851 -0.35 0.723 -.4669564 .3240268 ldist | -2.145634 .3938305 -5.45 0.000 -2.917528 -1.37374 lopen | -.0571755 .0676382 -0.85 0.398 -.1897441 .075393 english | 1.616478 .314916 5.13 0.000 .9992545 2.233702 white | 27.92504 1.443299 19.35 0.000 25.09623 30.75386 lwhitemg | -2.541766 .1568186 -16.21 0.000 -2.849125 -2.234407 _cons | 43.16926 19.99301 2.16 0.031 3.983675 82.35484------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002126 lgdp | -.001935 .010229 lgdpau | -.002209 .005337 .364157lgdpdfrati~w | -.001642 .002681 -.001101 .069488 lpopau | .007145 -.034315 -1.2197 .00493 4.36054 lpop | .000392 -.008662 -.003389 -.001847 .01678 .016782 lxrate1 | .000088 .000615 .000317 .001216 -.004042 -.000926 .000891 lremote | .00048 .003909 -.012358 -.015238 .02635 -.003932 .000148 ldist | .006985 -.003683 -.006488 -.002024 .000799 .013861 -.00026 lopen | .000179 -.000119 .001237 .001997 -.014777 .001283 -.000124 english | -.003721 .002442 .005797 .005631 -.020142 -.003256 .000425 white | .006447 -.032679 -.011019 -.007852 .039435 .049128 .001418 lwhitemg | -.000919 .000972 -.000971 -.000906 .006506 -.003079 -.000198 _cons | -.102768 .343177 10.7942 .004838 -40.1187 -.355073 .056143

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040717 ldist | .002052 .155102 lopen | .000758 .001438 .004575 english | -.008549 .04122 -.001539 .099172 white | -.004554 .025841 .000888 .011156 2.08311 lwhitemg | .002636 -.006001 -.000165 .000848 -.218347 .024592

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_cons | -.500092 -1.51095 .175312 -.153086 -.669424 -.015004 399.72

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 4400.98Log likelihood = -740.4168 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0438847 .030311 1.45 0.148 -.0155237 .1032931 lgdp | 1.122212 .0956843 11.73 0.000 .9346742 1.30975 lgdpau | .7246402 .6905346 1.05 0.294 -.6287827 2.078063lgdpdfrati~w | -.1728624 .2632802 -0.66 0.511 -.6888821 .3431574 lpopau | 3.429399 2.407927 1.42 0.154 -1.29005 8.148849 lpop | -.5458927 .1426234 -3.83 0.000 -.8254295 -.266356 lxrate1 | -.1313914 .0227253 -5.78 0.000 -.1759322 -.0868506 lremote | -.3043421 .1938161 -1.57 0.116 -.6842147 .0755306 ldist | -1.862051 .7036245 -2.65 0.008 -3.24113 -.4829724 lopen | -.0406177 .0689546 -0.59 0.556 -.1757662 .0945308 english | .4965858 .3431377 1.45 0.148 -.1759518 1.169123 white | 29.0329 2.016719 14.40 0.000 25.0802 32.98559 lwhitemg | -2.702447 .2051167 -13.18 0.000 -3.104468 -2.300426 _cons | -69.42489 24.06389 -2.89 0.004 -116.5892 -22.26053------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000919 lgdp | -.001611 .009155 lgdpau | .000563 -.000891 .476838lgdpdfrati~w | -.00161 .003353 -.014603 .069316 lpopau | -.007002 -.006423 -1.59541 .051975 5.79811 lpop | .001396 -.010735 -.00164 -.002175 .018371 .020341 lxrate1 | .00002 .000387 .00095 .000903 -.009424 -.000679 .000516 lremote | .000809 .004559 -.02059 -.002665 .033242 -.004413 .000164 ldist | .005111 .016337 -.020952 .000605 -.053166 .001754 .001327 lopen | .000228 -.000494 -.001916 .005092 -.002313 .001013 -.000243 english | -.001009 .002905 .002096 .003281 -.011955 .001319 .001035 white | .013738 -.055977 .02031 -.024758 -.287159 .083131 .006653 lwhitemg | -.001194 .003577 -.003701 .001761 .034444 -.006262 -.000601 _cons | .057252 -.100003 14.3892 -.566279 -54.2615 -.320318 .116001

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037565 ldist | .05897 .495087 lopen | .001268 .002402 .004755 english | .002123 .073234 -.001221 .117743 white | .031805 .102426 -.005046 .222973 4.06715 lwhitemg | -.001559 -.018056 .000589 -.024391 -.406717 .042073 _cons | -.938098 -4.24801 .047951 -.674475 2.83542 -.262259 579.071

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

Wald chi2(13) = 1705.45Log likelihood = -569.4118 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .363526 .0573454 6.34 0.000 .2511311 .4759209 lgdp | .3736181 .0987644 3.78 0.000 .1800434 .5671927 lgdpau | 1.030894 .7349305 1.40 0.161 -.4095436 2.471331lgdpdfrati~w | -.6163104 .3149659 -1.96 0.050 -1.233632 .0010114 lpopau | -4.257024 2.53847 -1.68 0.094 -9.232334 .7182869 lpop | .204439 .1025426 1.99 0.046 .0034592 .4054188 lxrate1 | -.1127817 .0333557 -3.38 0.001 -.1781577 -.0474057 lremote | .4348821 .2199511 1.98 0.048 .003786 .8659783 ldist | -.8395288 .5558639 -1.51 0.131 -1.929002 .2499444 lopen | .1105732 .0712894 1.55 0.121 -.0291514 .2502979 english | .510764 .2608054 1.96 0.050 -.0004052 1.021933 white | 25.51186 1.612899 15.82 0.000 22.35064 28.67309 lwhitemg | -2.385568 .1722056 -13.85 0.000 -2.723085 -2.048052 _cons | 39.16628 24.06598 1.63 0.104 -8.002181 86.33475------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003288 lgdp | -.003256 .009754 lgdpau | -.002448 .006213 .540123lgdpdfrati~w | -.003005 .006083 -.009174 .099204 lpopau | .006282 -.033744 -1.80888 .049057 6.44383 lpop | .001005 -.006182 -.003289 -.004233 .009585 .010515 lxrate1 | .000273 .000621 -.000221 .000558 -.003192 -.001015 .001113 lremote | .001357 .002338 -.009318 -.015947 -.002941 .00051 .00201 ldist | .01093 -.004605 -.00947 -.016964 -.045575 .013263 -.000443 lopen | -.000217 .000589 .0022 .000079 -.023011 .001764 -.000179 english | -.002857 .004065 .003154 .001134 -.014296 .00348 -.001433 white | .029263 -.045429 -.021452 -.042988 .013534 .056741 .00596 lwhitemg | -.002984 .002888 .000024 .001926 .0095 -.004691 -.000784 _cons | -.11633 .30901 15.946 -.425994 -58.4939 -.230218 .043092

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .048378 ldist | .041541 .308985 lopen | .002183 .003942 .005082 english | .005663 .074822 -.000166 .068019 white | .063585 .301728 -.003968 .111552 2.60144 lwhitemg | -.00362 -.035618 .000258 -.012735 -.271901 .029655 _cons | -.587677 -2.4631 .232193 -.748699 -3.15508 .243269 579.172

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 833.27Log likelihood = -261.4765 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0021615 .0231572 0.09 0.926 -.0432257 .0475487 lgdp | .4602376 .0812659 5.66 0.000 .3009593 .6195158 lgdpau | -.44732 .496204 -0.90 0.367 -1.419862 .525222lgdpdfrati~w | .1496051 .2258477 0.66 0.508 -.2930481 .5922584 lpopau | 1.558667 1.70895 0.91 0.362 -1.790814 4.908148 lpop | -.2698633 .1191737 -2.26 0.024 -.5034394 -.0362872 lxrate1 | -.0324752 .0223336 -1.45 0.146 -.0762482 .0112977 lremote | .1536341 .1689519 0.91 0.363 -.1775056 .4847737 ldist | -3.589644 .5051374 -7.11 0.000 -4.579695 -2.599593 lopen | .0147621 .0490072 0.30 0.763 -.0812903 .1108145 english | .2186789 .3018198 0.72 0.469 -.372877 .8102349 white | 22.98854 2.829245 8.13 0.000 17.44332 28.53376 lwhitemg | -1.766687 .2966429 -5.96 0.000 -2.348096 -1.185278 _cons | 13.89016 17.10103 0.81 0.417 -19.62724 47.40756------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000536 lgdp | -.000682 .006604 lgdpau | .000129 -.002422 .246218lgdpdfrati~w | -.000957 .002644 -.010878 .051007 lpopau | -.001212 .003033 -.821088 .055624 2.92051 lpop | .000184 -.006419 .000135 -.001054 -.004121 .014202 lxrate1 | -.000028 .000164 .001281 .000997 -.006283 -.000466 .000499 lremote | .000137 .002372 -.017587 -.003254 .051078 -.002279 -.000143 ldist | .002177 .000839 -.010541 -.000929 -.010178 .021037 -.000279 lopen | .000048 -.000172 -.002158 .001346 .002872 .000798 -.000023 english | -.001087 .000115 .002055 .002132 -.004435 .004469 .000594 white | .003766 -.037023 .043176 -.014377 -.255924 .060682 .002225 lwhitemg | -.000403 .001793 -.004754 .000785 .02954 -.00477 -.000102 _cons | .005727 -.06011 7.47084 -.694986 -27.2969 -.194404 .07506

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028545 ldist | .012777 .255164 lopen | .000047 .000466 .002402 english | -.000474 .056153 .000035 .091095 white | -.004016 .178107 -.001234 .148574 8.00463 lwhitemg | .002168 -.020675 .000166 -.015216 -.827046 .087997 _cons | -.771736 -2.47948 -.004764 -.597607 1.28256 -.14939 292.445

.

.

. clear

. *Estimating the Australian Immigration Trade relationship;

. insheet using k:\book2.txt(54 vars, 11640 obs)

. drop if ccode ==. (10630 observations deleted)

.

. *Dropping Dominican, Rep

. drop if ccode==162620(10 observations deleted)

.

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.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9398.24Log likelihood = -525.8418 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3287471 .0310269 10.60 0.000 .2679355 .3895587 lgdp | 1.188154 .0333204 35.66 0.000 1.122847 1.25346 lgdpau | .0828695 .6058347 0.14 0.891 -1.104545 1.270284lgdpdfrati~w | -.8588128 .2458851 -3.49 0.000 -1.340739 -.3768868 lpopau | -2.549683 2.090621 -1.22 0.223 -6.647224 1.547858 lpop | .0353421 .0412323 0.86 0.391 -.0454717 .1161559 lxrate1 | -.1281782 .016611 -7.72 0.000 -.1607351 -.0956212 lremote | -.4297547 .0765601 -5.61 0.000 -.5798097 -.2796997 ldist | -2.097639 .1622962 -12.92 0.000 -2.415734 -1.779545 lopen | .2831671 .0562954 5.03 0.000 .1728301 .3935041 english | .9004857 .1305958 6.90 0.000 .6445227 1.156449 white | 4.605156 .5887455 7.82 0.000 3.451236 5.759076 lwhitemg | -.4261306 .0524542 -8.12 0.000 -.5289391 -.3233222 _cons | 42.17965 19.24624 2.19 0.028 4.457709 79.90159------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000963 lgdp | -.000295 .00111 lgdpau | -.000823 .001291 .367036lgdpdfrati~w | -.000822 .000212 -.009791 .06046 lpopau | .001552 -.007784 -1.24188 .050135 4.37069 lpop | -.000135 -.000766 .000146 .00012 -.000396 .0017 lxrate1 | .000092 .00016 .000367 .000202 -.002607 -.000106 .000276 lremote | .000465 6.1e-06 -.000444 -.001671 -.003115 -.00021 .000064 ldist | .001637 .001089 .001073 -.001078 -.016974 .000042 .001719 lopen | -.000161 .00058 .002384 .000831 -.0166 .000347 .000134 english | -.001126 .002935 .002584 .002118 -.009592 -.001573 .000552 white | .005011 -.002848 .003313 -.010509 -.027074 .005591 .000115 lwhitemg | -.000606 .000254 -.00033 .000967 .003074 -.000457 -.000035 _cons | -.021368 .070926 10.9489 -.615297 -39.6214 -.002929 .012927

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005861 ldist | .004449 .02634 lopen | .00143 .000789 .003169 english | -.003539 .003285 -.001059 .017055 white | .000877 -.00214 .000313 -.00519 .346621 lwhitemg | .000071 -.000364 -.000118 .000597 -.030383 .002751

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_cons | -.02537 -.076449 .176217 .041491 .314902 -.033815 370.418

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 70666.94Log likelihood = -961.1363 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0481475 .0137568 3.50 0.000 .0211846 .0751103 lgdp | 1.622269 .0507669 31.96 0.000 1.522767 1.72177 lgdpau | .9591392 .3553711 2.70 0.007 .2626246 1.655654lgdpdfrati~w | -.4360051 .1465222 -2.98 0.003 -.7231834 -.1488268 lpopau | -6.664117 1.19924 -5.56 0.000 -9.014584 -4.31365 lpop | -.3706732 .0841406 -4.41 0.000 -.5355858 -.2057605 lxrate1 | -.1161824 .0202088 -5.75 0.000 -.155791 -.0765739 lremote | -.9666268 .0930959 -10.38 0.000 -1.149091 -.7841623 ldist | -3.192427 .1593136 -20.04 0.000 -3.504676 -2.880178 lopen | -.0562129 .0265145 -2.12 0.034 -.1081805 -.0042454 english | 1.016465 .0852243 11.93 0.000 .849428 1.183501 white | 4.522896 .7578193 5.97 0.000 3.037598 6.008195 lwhitemg | -.4488404 .0723327 -6.21 0.000 -.5906098 -.3070709 _cons | 97.99999 11.25573 8.71 0.000 75.93917 120.0608------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000189 lgdp | -.000262 .002577 lgdpau | -.001205 .001793 .126289lgdpdfrati~w | -.000573 .000511 -.011632 .021469 lpopau | .004731 -.007265 -.417381 .023552 1.43818 lpop | .000169 -.004038 -.001545 .000439 .004397 .00708 lxrate1 | -.000025 .000277 -.000089 .00039 -.002962 -.000307 .000408 lremote | .000417 .000363 -.006379 -.003067 .022441 -.001219 .000092 ldist | .000618 -.001475 -.00631 -.001298 .015623 .002367 .000562 lopen | .000043 -.000093 -.000911 .000908 .003375 .00025 -.000072 english | -.000406 .000245 .002927 .002521 -.019459 .000263 .001096 white | .00113 -.012258 -.010407 -.003574 .041138 .018638 -.000939 lwhitemg | -.000089 .000633 .000413 .000187 -.002617 -.000878 .000135 _cons | -.053415 .089268 3.72757 -.083142 -13.196 -.063972 .042152

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008667 ldist | .003787 .025381 lopen | .000599 .000209 .000703 english | -.002588 .002276 -.000396 .007263 white | .00604 -.024304 .001667 -.00209 .57429 lwhitemg | .000044 .003368 -.000125 .000411 -.053353 .005232 _cons | -.3057 -.380685 -.041795 .232038 -.23839 -.001467 126.691

.

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. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7596.60Log likelihood = -929.1647 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1540406 .0275992 5.58 0.000 .0999471 .2081341 lgdp | 1.67705 .0741681 22.61 0.000 1.531683 1.822416 lgdpau | .0664007 .6250706 0.11 0.915 -1.158715 1.291517lgdpdfrati~w | -.3130451 .2490567 -1.26 0.209 -.8011873 .175097 lpopau | -2.199881 2.173527 -1.01 0.311 -6.459916 2.060155 lpop | -.6095041 .0799784 -7.62 0.000 -.7662588 -.4527493 lxrate1 | -.1639398 .0288955 -5.67 0.000 -.2205738 -.1073057 lremote | -.3675351 .1340176 -2.74 0.006 -.6302047 -.1048655 ldist | -3.684245 .3462141 -10.64 0.000 -4.362812 -3.005678 lopen | .099438 .0467275 2.13 0.033 .0078537 .1910222 english | .8637047 .1377149 6.27 0.000 .5937886 1.133621 white | 9.295057 1.863125 4.99 0.000 5.6434 12.94671 lwhitemg | -.7919455 .1867078 -4.24 0.000 -1.157886 -.426005 _cons | 48.75724 20.49329 2.38 0.017 8.591133 88.92336------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000762 lgdp | -.001203 .005501 lgdpau | -.002218 .005714 .390713lgdpdfrati~w | -.001048 .00246 -.025573 .062029 lpopau | .005798 -.025729 -1.32218 .089768 4.72422 lpop | .000821 -.004392 -.003684 -.001441 .014266 .006397 lxrate1 | .000056 .000511 .000495 .000989 -.006931 -.000788 .000835 lremote | -.000083 -.000606 -.006579 -.001837 .017591 -.00126 .000203 ldist | .003293 .006198 -.009459 -.002893 -.021812 -.000943 .00175 lopen | .000114 -.000617 .000287 .001635 -.001901 .001194 -.000191 english | -.00125 .003894 .006312 .003776 -.033012 .000116 .002034 white | .002093 -.029767 .004387 -.000381 .006201 .022003 .004502 lwhitemg | -.000178 .001551 -.001954 -.000501 .006635 -.001428 -.00047 _cons | -.057006 .171236 11.7979 -.868508 -43.4026 -.121782 .079699

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017961 ldist | .008774 .119864 lopen | .000471 -.000755 .002183 english | -.005022 .003831 -.001393 .018965 white | .012918 -.13657 .003183 .011261 3.47123 lwhitemg | .000994 .010729 -.000212 -.00202 -.340733 .03486 _cons | -.327453 -.753335 .022155 .29056 1.25149 -.178842 419.975

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2276.24Log likelihood = -1104.934 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1020562 .0344686 2.96 0.003 .0344989 .1696134 lgdp | .9169364 .074283 12.34 0.000 .7713445 1.062528 lgdpau | -.5950415 .84933 -0.70 0.484 -2.259698 1.069615lgdpdfrati~w | -.3866221 .343678 -1.12 0.261 -1.060219 .2869745 lpopau | .7192177 2.898949 0.25 0.804 -4.962617 6.401053 lpop | -.0525849 .0918109 -0.57 0.567 -.2325309 .1273612 lxrate1 | -.1602359 .0329218 -4.87 0.000 -.2247616 -.0957103

lremote | .4639071 .2287513 2.03 0.043 .0155628 .9122515 ldist | -1.273862 .3124315 -4.08 0.000 -1.886216 -.661507 lopen | .3510898 .073312 4.79 0.000 .2074008 .4947787 english | 1.827705 .2370168 7.71 0.000 1.363161 2.29225 white | .6035836 2.218908 0.27 0.786 -3.745397 4.952564 lwhitemg | .2577014 .1971586 1.31 0.191 -.1287223 .6441251 _cons | -5.214192 27.1289 -0.19 0.848 -58.38586 47.95748------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001188 lgdp | -.001085 .005518 lgdpau | -.00186 .001103 .721361lgdpdfrati~w | -.000039 .000836 -.02709 .118115 lpopau | .004333 -.011416 -2.42257 .049505 8.4039

lpop | .000321 -.005038 .000544 -.000315 .002407 .008429 lxrate1 | .000124 .000868 .000337 .002095 -.008557 -.001283 .001084 lremote | .001156 .000151 -.027971 -.015513 .094013 .000927 -.001049 ldist | .003439 -.007411 -.020064 -.006702 .055337 .012863 3.7e-06 lopen | .000161 -.001007 .003864 .003572 -.017643 .002928 -.000139 english | -.002571 -.000442 .009444 .005454 -.029367 -.000377 .001715 white | .002404 -.020195 .101349 .011607 -.369695 .014597 .000223 lwhitemg | -.000338 .000561 -.010729 -.002525 .041312 .000071 -.000186 _cons | -.051877 .189258 21.7029 -.044841 -77.0725 -.202015 .136616

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052327 ldist | .017649 .097613 lopen | .001697 -.001389 .005375 english | -.014785 .011497 -.001876 .056177 white | .038648 -.001748 .006747 .04803 4.92355 lwhitemg | -.000389 .003743 -.000394 -.003689 -.426413 .038872 _cons | -1.45467 -1.53298 .165701 .263303 3.34318 -.446114 735.977

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 59205.69Log likelihood = -896.4235 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0242488 .0136791 1.77 0.076 -.0025617 .0510593 lgdp | 1.543892 .0521491 29.61 0.000 1.441682 1.646103 lgdpau | .637818 .3754511 1.70 0.089 -.0980527 1.373689lgdpdfrati~w | -.2070064 .13261 -1.56 0.119 -.4669173 .0529044 lpopau | -6.585403 1.269887 -5.19 0.000 -9.074335 -4.096471 lpop | -.1301846 .0890593 -1.46 0.144 -.3047376 .0443685 lxrate1 | -.0377221 .0177926 -2.12 0.034 -.072595 -.0028492 lremote | -.5691073 .1497811 -3.80 0.000 -.8626729 -.2755417 ldist | -2.436303 .164536 -14.81 0.000 -2.758788 -2.113818 lopen | -.0323459 .0284996 -1.13 0.256 -.0882042 .0235123 english | 1.120575 .1157907 9.68 0.000 .8936291 1.347521 white | 3.918888 .8672805 4.52 0.000 2.21905 5.618727 lwhitemg | -.2896591 .0805177 -3.60 0.000 -.447471 -.1318473 _cons | 91.96228 11.95865 7.69 0.000 68.52374 115.4008------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000187 lgdp | -.0002 .00272 lgdpau | -.000706 .001725 .140964lgdpdfrati~w | -.000304 .000734 -.006479 .017585 lpopau | .00233 -.005972 -.467615 .010201 1.61261 lpop | .000124 -.004349 -.001246 -.00017 .002243 .007932 lxrate1 | .000011 .000194 -.000127 .000427 -.002033 -.000229 .000317 lremote | .000012 -.000691 -.015636 -.002887 .054991 -.000301 -.000102 ldist | .000873 -.005334 -.00284 .000964 -.000615 .009286 .000604 lopen | .000014 -.000062 -.000885 .001061 .003062 .000242 -.000062 english | -.000295 -.000531 .003312 .002197 -.016192 .000328 .000837 white | .000694 -.015511 -.015908 -.000662 .030191 .026972 .001785 lwhitemg | -.000103 .000741 -.000228 -.000267 .003053 -.001493 -.000191 _cons | -.026571 .118009 4.21395 -.013613 -14.879 -.11726 .029797

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .022434 ldist | -.003047 .027072 lopen | .001105 .000241 .000812 english | -.004159 .006909 -.000471 .013407 white | .014334 .032455 .000982 .006817 .752175 lwhitemg | .001129 -.002116 6.9e-06 -.000369 -.066727 .006483 _cons | -.646472 -.182736 -.042648 .15203 -.604728 -.026297 143.009

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8160.95Log likelihood = -958.06 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2555924 .0331792 7.70 0.000 .1905624 .3206223 lgdp | 1.562853 .0748318 20.88 0.000 1.416185 1.70952 lgdpau | -.0684023 .6485892 -0.11 0.916 -1.339614 1.202809lgdpdfrati~w | -.1220095 .2706516 -0.45 0.652 -.652477 .4084579 lpopau | -1.478667 2.264469 -0.65 0.514 -5.916945 2.959611 lpop | -.5117472 .0814861 -6.28 0.000 -.671457 -.3520375 lxrate1 | -.141642 .0288255 -4.91 0.000 -.198139 -.085145 lremote | -.3366265 .126578 -2.66 0.008 -.5847147 -.0885382 ldist | -2.861355 .335112 -8.54 0.000 -3.518162 -2.204547 lopen | .1247452 .0508662 2.45 0.014 .0250492 .2244412 english | .7660376 .1341821 5.71 0.000 .5030456 1.02903 white | 9.727616 1.842133 5.28 0.000 6.117102 13.33813 lwhitemg | -.8541608 .1840933 -4.64 0.000 -1.214977 -.4933445 _cons | 32.44918 21.43262 1.51 0.130 -9.55798 74.45635------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001101 lgdp | -.001668 .0056 lgdpau | -.001905 .004167 .420668lgdpdfrati~w | -.001265 .002925 -.02817 .073252 lpopau | .004994 -.020106 -1.42778 .106366 5.12782 lpop | .000994 -.004556 -.002136 -.001851 .009378 .00664 lxrate1 | .000102 .000361 .000123 .001145 -.005862 -.000675 .000831 lremote | .000013 -.000537 -.004455 -.001258 .008063 -.001149 .00021 ldist | .004797 .001188 -.010249 -.003273 -.014943 .001005 .001707 lopen | .000132 -.000703 .001324 .001595 -.007496 .00143 -.000238 english | -.001707 .003957 .003599 .004509 -.020619 -.00049 .001984 white | .001282 -.027347 .012141 .000407 -.002168 .01967 .004317 lwhitemg | -.000057 .001548 -.002203 -.000579 .004854 -.001279 -.000412 _cons | -.061097 .168152 12.767 -1.09323 -47.3844 -.101177 .073266

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016022 ldist | .009601 .1123 lopen | .000323 -.001087 .002587 english | -.004408 -.00118 -.001532 .018005 white | .012451 -.148712 .0038 .011078 3.39345 lwhitemg | .000789 .013494 -.00028 -.001758 -.332998 .03389 _cons | -.220246 -.707413 .091046 .2086 1.29414 -.170248 459.357

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8544.62Log likelihood = -1098.607 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0240703 .0152742 1.58 0.115 -.0058666 .0540072 lgdp | 1.361835 .0482007 28.25 0.000 1.267364 1.456307 lgdpau | .6482299 .488983 1.33 0.185 -.3101591 1.606619lgdpdfrati~w | -.0514309 .1586616 -0.32 0.746 -.362402 .2595401 lpopau | -6.137685 1.663735 -3.69 0.000 -9.398545 -2.876825 lpop | .0584781 .0674053 0.87 0.386 -.073634 .1905901 lxrate1 | -.059507 .019298 -3.08 0.002 -.0973304 -.0216835 lremote | -.893832 .1577322 -5.67 0.000 -1.202981 -.5846825 ldist | -3.410437 .2217118 -15.38 0.000 -3.844984 -2.97589 lopen | .0664588 .0410698 1.62 0.106 -.0140365 .1469542 english | 2.423158 .1334651 18.16 0.000 2.161572 2.684745 white | 3.90008 1.152454 3.38 0.001 1.641311 6.158849 lwhitemg | -.1875902 .0969334 -1.94 0.053 -.3775761 .0023957 _cons | 96.37923 15.87584 6.07 0.000 65.26316 127.4953------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000233 lgdp | -.000396 .002323 lgdpau | -.000098 .000249 .239104lgdpdfrati~w | -.000427 .000522 .002611 .025174 lpopau | -.001466 .000885 -.795969 -.007289 2.76801 lpop | .000211 -.002477 -.000449 .000153 -.001161 .004543 lxrate1 | -.000022 .0002 .000271 .000522 -.00223 -.000354 .000372 lremote | .000235 .000426 -.016743 -.001363 .052244 -.000689 -.0002 ldist | .000652 .000472 -.010413 -.001487 .020278 .000468 .000281 lopen | .000078 -.000316 .000241 .00194 -.000337 .000677 -.000125 english | -.000757 .000486 .001882 .001443 -.007354 .001671 .001031 white | .000403 -.012564 -.005479 -.000827 .009177 .022521 .00006 lwhitemg | -9.1e-06 .000638 -.000841 .000141 .00325 -.001512 .000058 _cons | .024059 -.041291 7.17716 .039237 -25.6838 .015417 .027799

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024879 ldist | .015455 .049156 lopen | .000899 .000122 .001687 english | -.003817 .002768 -.001306 .017813 white | .004735 -.003568 .00076 .031768 1.32815 lwhitemg | .001312 .002072 3.0e-06 -.002825 -.107977 .009396 _cons | -.791226 -.692006 -.014043 .035044 -.105912 -.053329 252.042

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 633.32Log likelihood = -575.4701 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3338076 .0394124 8.47 0.000 .2565608 .4110545 lgdp | .147261 .0665609 2.21 0.027 .016804 .277718 lgdpau | -1.17688 .3248513 -3.62 0.000 -1.813577 -.5401832

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lgdpdfrati~w | -.379099 .1756187 -2.16 0.031 -.7233054 -.0348926 lpopau | 1.681115 1.108036 1.52 0.129 -.4905967 3.852826 lpop | .4721742 .0838439 5.63 0.000 .3078431 .6365053 lxrate1 | -.1665247 .0238893 -6.97 0.000 -.2133468 -.1197026 lremote | -.0414305 .1005161 -0.41 0.680 -.2384384 .1555775 ldist | -1.641174 .3812326 -4.30 0.000 -2.388376 -.8939713 lopen | .0820361 .0311887 2.63 0.009 .0209074 .1431648 english | .7097288 .2118285 3.35 0.001 .2945525 1.124905 white | 10.20694 .726413 14.05 0.000 8.783198 11.63068 lwhitemg | -.9915311 .0726332 -13.65 0.000 -1.133889 -.8491727 _cons | 13.5724 10.77703 1.26 0.208 -7.550185 34.69499------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001553 lgdp | -.001175 .00443 lgdpau | .000121 .000361 .105528lgdpdfrati~w | -.000557 .001832 .005038 .030842 lpopau | -.00128 -.003273 -.345157 .003934 1.22774 lpop | -.000097 -.003221 -.002267 -.001327 .001424 .00703 lxrate1 | 4.1e-06 .000355 .003198 .001309 -.010789 -.000528 .000571 lremote | .000702 .000587 -.004623 -.002478 .009678 -.000605 -.00015 ldist | .002576 -.007579 .000487 -.003146 -.03182 .015781 .000461 lopen | .000033 -.000325 -.002525 -.000411 .005114 .000542 -.000244 english | -.001894 .001511 .007855 .004315 -.034816 .004733 .001424 white | .007333 -.007001 .024568 .007082 -.105895 .012059 .003921 lwhitemg | -.000719 -.000123 -.002502 -.001071 .01073 -.000318 -.000422 _cons | .005964 .064151 2.99808 -.203937 -10.9846 -.14305 .088012

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .010103 ldist | .009304 .145338 lopen | .000194 .000405 .000973 english | -.000691 .011848 -.000878 .044871 white | .00156 -.028997 -.00131 .054377 .527676 lwhitemg | .000259 .005853 .000184 -.002994 -.049842 .005276 _cons | -.220962 -1.04611 -.022949 .13003 1.23132 -.152687 116.144

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2869.45Log likelihood = -593.9413 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .159638 .0355694 4.49 0.000 .0899232 .2293528 lgdp | .2616629 .0566356 4.62 0.000 .1506592 .3726667 lgdpau | -.1222661 .0737685 -1.66 0.097 -.2668497 .0223176lgdpdfrati~w | -.1214749 .0473129 -2.57 0.010 -.2142064 -.0287433 lpopau | 2.659573 .2926054 9.09 0.000 2.086077 3.233069 lpop | .8046307 .1030233 7.81 0.000 .6027087 1.006553 lxrate1 | -.0145394 .0090719 -1.60 0.109 -.0323201 .0032413 lremote | .1342412 .0356459 3.77 0.000 .0643765 .2041059

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ldist | -3.304314 .3493086 -9.46 0.000 -3.988947 -2.619682 lopen | -.0175341 .0324535 -0.54 0.589 -.0811417 .0460735 english | .8061871 .2865933 2.81 0.005 .2444745 1.3679 white | 23.92407 2.990009 8.00 0.000 18.06376 29.78438 lwhitemg | -2.242867 .2770383 -8.10 0.000 -2.785852 -1.699882 _cons | -24.3572 5.305449 -4.59 0.000 -34.75569 -13.95872------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001265 lgdp | -.000788 .003208 lgdpau | -.000905 -.000243 .005442lgdpdfrati~w | .000405 -.001263 .000992 .002239 lpopau | .005551 -.001203 -.018479 .000167 .085618 lpop | -.000159 -.002527 .001204 .000647 -.004697 .010614 lxrate1 | -3.4e-07 .000072 -.000054 .000022 .000708 -.000231 .000082 lremote | -.000417 .001314 -.000731 -.001211 -.000111 -.000836 .000048 ldist | .003851 -.000567 -.00334 .00003 .023064 -.001769 -.000166 lopen | -.000397 -.000177 .000278 -.000503 -.004702 .001168 -.000182 english | -.000037 -.000783 .000267 .000628 -.004837 .000592 .00006 white | .005865 -.008267 -.000908 .003323 .003346 .029558 -.000617 lwhitemg | -.000781 .000327 .000321 -.00018 -.002349 -.00303 .000066 _cons | -.090063 -.007558 .194126 -.005247 -1.08781 -.039018 -.007532

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .001271 ldist | -.000093 .122017 lopen | .00027 -.00071 .001053 english | -.00062 .055246 -.000318 .082136 white | -.003788 .020664 .000976 .049187 8.94015 lwhitemg | .000222 -.004894 9.9e-06 -.003544 -.815732 .07675 _cons | -.00183 -1.44388 .065373 -.466707 -.552914 .122881 28.1478

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 591.64Log likelihood = -555.9218 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5749146 .0496733 11.57 0.000 .4775566 .6722725 lgdp | -.031852 .0768765 -0.41 0.679 -.1825273 .1188233 lgdpau | 2.007426 .7989969 2.51 0.012 .4414204 3.573431lgdpdfrati~w | -.7307708 .2906607 -2.51 0.012 -1.300455 -.1610864 lpopau | -10.02125 2.746495 -3.65 0.000 -15.40428 -4.638222 lpop | .3905246 .0934663 4.18 0.000 .2073341 .5737151 lxrate1 | -.101938 .0262334 -3.89 0.000 -.1533546 -.0505215 lremote | .0500705 .2534226 0.20 0.843 -.4466287 .5467697 ldist | -1.609007 .3145041 -5.12 0.000 -2.225424 -.9925902 lopen | .040222 .0547331 0.73 0.462 -.067053 .1474969 english | -.0951943 .2215163 -0.43 0.667 -.5293584 .3389698 white | 10.10339 1.090667 9.26 0.000 7.965718 12.24105 lwhitemg | -.9109462 .0968606 -9.40 0.000 -1.100789 -.7211029

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_cons | 125.6747 26.03569 4.83 0.000 74.64568 176.7037------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002467 lgdp | -.00155 .00591 lgdpau | .000299 -.000516 .638396lgdpdfrati~w | -.001504 .001628 -.019505 .084484 lpopau | -.00514 -.004757 -2.13277 .079983 7.54323 lpop | -.000241 -.003866 -.000451 -.000683 -.000967 .008736 lxrate1 | .000139 -.000189 .000514 .00083 -.004577 -.00037 .000688 lremote | .001524 .004455 -.020668 -.01247 .055793 -.002581 .000408 ldist | .004954 .001418 -.008592 -.004322 -.010381 .002403 .000507 lopen | -.000257 .000626 .000389 -.000623 -.010835 .000733 -5.7e-06 english | -.002086 .001351 .004313 .005306 -.020579 -.000089 .001265 white | .012784 -.02464 .016719 -.006241 -.079851 .028834 .006405 lwhitemg | -.001247 .00127 -.002763 -.000202 .013836 -.001747 -.000518 _cons | .03962 -.022239 18.9261 -.772568 -69.5075 -.021819 .060182

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .064223 ldist | .028659 .098913 lopen | .001347 .002034 .002996 english | -.010874 .020252 -.000236 .049069 white | .020332 -.005991 -.001183 .020423 1.18955 lwhitemg | .000493 .000822 .000064 -.001058 -.101439 .009382 _cons | -1.27044 -.89351 .117249 .087438 .718597 -.156891 677.857

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1330.11Log likelihood = -326.8709 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0276835 .0161211 1.72 0.086 -.0039133 .0592804 lgdp | .2226485 .0551666 4.04 0.000 .1145239 .330773 lgdpau | -.2658705 .2966101 -0.90 0.370 -.8472156 .3154747lgdpdfrati~w | -.3788618 .1930425 -1.96 0.050 -.7572182 -.0005055 lpopau | 2.625871 1.05767 2.48 0.013 .5528768 4.698866 lpop | .1222387 .070046 1.75 0.081 -.015049 .2595264 lxrate1 | -.0784739 .0181415 -4.33 0.000 -.1140305 -.0429173 lremote | -.1379005 .1076674 -1.28 0.200 -.3489247 .0731237 ldist | -1.326284 .2209208 -6.00 0.000 -1.759281 -.8932871 lopen | .0100905 .0251791 0.40 0.689 -.0392596 .0594406 english | 1.999049 .2157252 9.27 0.000 1.576236 2.421863 white | 9.432149 1.775851 5.31 0.000 5.951545 12.91275 lwhitemg | -.7027647 .1828571 -3.84 0.000 -1.061158 -.3443714 _cons | -28.13644 10.77433 -2.61 0.009 -49.25374 -7.019147------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .00026 lgdp | -.000289 .003043 lgdpau | .000236 -.0015 .087978lgdpdfrati~w | -.000382 -.000349 -.001104 .037265 lpopau | -.001105 .006625 -.301305 .020741 1.11867 lpop | .000123 -.002953 .000962 .000875 -.007657 .004906 lxrate1 | -.000013 .000171 .001164 .000742 -.00549 -.000168 .000329 lremote | .000159 .000945 -.006392 -.003072 .022486 -.000562 -.000308 ldist | .000734 .000835 -.002027 -.000902 -.00092 .002658 -.000322 lopen | .000026 -.00027 -.000196 .001026 -.000705 .000344 -9.9e-06 english | -.000214 -.002444 .00334 .003538 -.011909 .004539 .00026 white | .00153 -.022701 .01424 .00408 -.076409 .025452 .000955 lwhitemg | -.00015 .001297 -.001143 -.00014 .005615 -.001728 -.000072 _cons | .007412 -.106035 2.77853 -.327291 -10.867 .069706 .063281

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .011592 ldist | .00122 .048806 lopen | -.000118 -.000048 .000634 english | -.003491 .017144 .000014 .046537 white | .009302 -.026243 .001483 .070898 3.15365 lwhitemg | -.000359 .00133 -.000082 -.006824 -.320204 .033437 _cons | -.326198 -.469161 .018286 -.047954 1.1414 -.072844 116.086

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1082.47Log likelihood = -842.8314 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .173419 .0651894 2.66 0.008 .0456501 .3011879 lgdp | .4823829 .1094356 4.41 0.000 .2678932 .6968727 lgdpau | -2.387741 1.124668 -2.12 0.034 -4.592051 -.1834317lgdpdfrati~w | -1.102581 .446972 -2.47 0.014 -1.97863 -.2265316 lpopau | 4.94793 3.856573 1.28 0.199 -2.610815 12.50667 lpop | .2299707 .1234387 1.86 0.062 -.0119647 .4719061 lxrate1 | -.1501557 .0396801 -3.78 0.000 -.2279272 -.0723842 lremote | 1.814505 .2745255 6.61 0.000 1.276445 2.352565 ldist | -1.650211 .4908967 -3.36 0.001 -2.61235 -.6880708 lopen | -.0147381 .0773431 -0.19 0.849 -.1663277 .1368515 english | .2887505 .2594063 1.11 0.266 -.2196766 .7971775 white | 11.23285 1.452728 7.73 0.000 8.38556 14.08015 lwhitemg | -.8569505 .1399508 -6.12 0.000 -1.131249 -.582652 _cons | -30.34355 36.22079 -0.84 0.402 -101.335 40.64789------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00425 lgdp | -.004489 .011976 lgdpau | -.0022 .005566 1.26488lgdpdfrati~w | -.001868 .004433 -.004048 .199784 lpopau | .003493 -.027033 -4.22974 .063672 14.8732 lpop | .001615 -.010072 -.002317 -.002579 .010888 .015237 lxrate1 | .000086 .001582 .000828 .001504 -.009807 -.001499 .001575

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lremote | .001557 -.002411 -.030912 -.019593 .076893 .002393 .000908 ldist | .012477 -.010633 -.010591 -.010877 -.005731 .014984 -.002369 lopen | .000313 -.000771 .006831 .001085 -.034912 .002123 -.000366 english | -.005823 .010966 .007349 .00158 -.02862 -.008445 -.000546 white | .027495 -.05075 -.039406 -.03746 .053952 .048584 .005114 lwhitemg | -.003054 .003102 .000069 .001135 .010849 -.002493 -.000798 _cons | -.077256 .326725 37.2847 -.933037 -136.106 -.295243 .136673

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .075364 ldist | .02334 .24098 lopen | .003024 .00422 .005982 english | -.003736 .026321 -.00081 .067292 white | .119221 .136102 .001789 .031017 2.11042 lwhitemg | -.004852 -.017379 -.000038 -.005183 -.193581 .019586 _cons | -1.32622 -2.17207 .321263 -.033912 -1.98354 .015188 1311.95

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 567.79Log likelihood = -133.8112 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0318981 .0290634 1.10 0.272 -.0250652 .0888614 lgdp | .1600581 .0594927 2.69 0.007 .0434545 .2766617 lgdpau | .3757623 .4136881 0.91 0.364 -.4350515 1.186576lgdpdfrati~w | .3389536 .1861953 1.82 0.069 -.0259825 .7038896 lpopau | 2.618686 1.461182 1.79 0.073 -.2451771 5.48255 lpop | .2847029 .0796647 3.57 0.000 .1285629 .4408429 lxrate1 | -.0322046 .0167713 -1.92 0.055 -.0650758 .0006665 lremote | -.0182889 .1281931 -0.14 0.887 -.2695427 .232965 ldist | -2.266118 .4212836 -5.38 0.000 -3.091818 -1.440417 lopen | .058701 .0386814 1.52 0.129 -.0171133 .1345152 english | .8373376 .1859807 4.50 0.000 .4728222 1.201853 white | 15.79051 1.214045 13.01 0.000 13.41103 18.16999 lwhitemg | -1.335364 .1131935 -11.80 0.000 -1.55722 -1.113509 _cons | -39.51541 15.02214 -2.63 0.009 -68.95827 -10.07255------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000845 lgdp | -.000654 .003539 lgdpau | -.000617 -.000127 .171138lgdpdfrati~w | -.000757 .00083 -.000326 .034669 lpopau | .001746 .00161 -.573832 .015455 2.13505 lpop | -.000114 -.002585 .000529 .000613 -.005619 .006346 lxrate1 | .000053 .000103 .000177 .000559 -.002657 -.000124 .000281 lremote | .000867 .002082 -.007534 -.003362 .021936 -.001653 .000118 ldist | .002368 -.00372 -.010076 -.007551 -.000588 .008694 .000076 lopen | -.000017 -.000057 .000159 .000319 -.004537 .000546 -.000051 english | -.001236 -.000681 .003298 .002663 -.0164 .004678 .000147 white | .004162 -.016915 .03002 -.003972 -.277586 .025596 .003702 lwhitemg | -.000474 .000922 -.003065 .000233 .027217 -.001953 -.000393 _cons | -.030337 -.041847 5.18764 -.208559 -20.5104 -.031621 .035606

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016433 ldist | .01642 .17748 lopen | .000024 .000332 .001496 english | -.004869 .006848 .000116 .034589 white | -.005269 -.021321 -.000392 .045629 1.4739 lwhitemg | .000585 .002976 .000055 -.003914 -.134335 .012813 _cons | -.486214 -1.62853 .061369 .098665 3.99693 -.390054 225.665

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 270.02Log likelihood = 126.0603 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0055783 .0183327 -0.30 0.761 -.0415098 .0303531 lgdp | .287919 .051352 5.61 0.000 .1872708 .3885671 lgdpau | -.2960626 .3659286 -0.81 0.418 -1.01327 .4211444lgdpdfrati~w | -.0829161 .1433533 -0.58 0.563 -.3638833 .1980512 lpopau | 4.413905 1.320021 3.34 0.001 1.826711 7.001098 lpop | -.0714078 .0612718 -1.17 0.244 -.1914983 .0486826 lxrate1 | -.1049106 .0155284 -6.76 0.000 -.1353457 -.0744755 lremote | .3669812 .1322476 2.77 0.006 .1077807 .6261817 ldist | -1.282229 .2806637 -4.57 0.000 -1.832319 -.732138 lopen | .0268906 .028334 0.95 0.343 -.0286431 .0824243 english | .2463361 .1743629 1.41 0.158 -.0954089 .5880811 white | 9.236159 1.994886 4.63 0.000 5.326254 13.14606 lwhitemg | -.7827736 .1891115 -4.14 0.000 -1.153425 -.4121219 _cons | -60.7694 13.85037 -4.39 0.000 -87.91562 -33.62318------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000336 lgdp | -.000377 .002637 lgdpau | .000197 -.000724 .133904lgdpdfrati~w | -.000495 .000603 -.005929 .02055 lpopau | -.002057 .003699 -.456536 .025706 1.74246 lpop | .000097 -.002283 3.1e-06 -.000092 .000166 .003754 lxrate1 | 6.5e-06 5.6e-06 .000416 .000437 -.004086 -.000124 .000241 lremote | .000277 .001851 -.007974 -.001169 .027802 -.001492 -.00003 ldist | .001691 -.001841 -.002631 -.001288 .002852 .004972 .000092 lopen | -7.0e-06 -.000014 .000135 .000267 -.001713 .000196 -.000032 english | -.00026 -.00221 .000442 .000309 .020877 .004893 .000258 white | .002631 -.015883 .017345 -.006163 -.132105 .016411 .001939 lwhitemg | -.000286 .00102 -.002036 .000542 .013442 -.001305 -.000142 _cons | .016309 -.06182 4.17436 -.280832 -17.2892 -.046058 .056495

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017489 ldist | .00724 .078772 lopen | .000052 -.000431 .000803 english | -.001326 .017116 -.000289 .030402

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white | -.000577 .017555 -.000683 .040248 3.97957 lwhitemg | .000719 -.002678 .000089 -.003727 -.370927 .035763 _cons | -.491057 -.841376 .026151 -.544018 1.64443 -.150536 191.833

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 487.53Log likelihood = -667.1673 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1636814 .053073 3.08 0.002 .0596602 .2677026 lgdp | .7832165 .1063204 7.37 0.000 .5748324 .9916005 lgdpau | -.6539183 .6986911 -0.94 0.349 -2.023328 .7154911lgdpdfrati~w | -.3663416 .2885736 -1.27 0.204 -.9319354 .1992523 lpopau | 3.923408 2.408117 1.63 0.103 -.7964154 8.643231 lpop | -.3298241 .1499312 -2.20 0.028 -.6236839 -.0359643 lxrate1 | -.1542555 .0323092 -4.77 0.000 -.2175804 -.0909306 lremote | .1244204 .2429897 0.51 0.609 -.3518307 .6006715 ldist | -3.313236 .7002604 -4.73 0.000 -4.685721 -1.940751 lopen | .0371484 .0670904 0.55 0.580 -.0943464 .1686432 english | -.557284 .4333836 -1.29 0.198 -1.4067 .2921322 white | 20.24517 4.202466 4.82 0.000 12.00849 28.48185 lwhitemg | -1.813927 .3868207 -4.69 0.000 -2.572082 -1.055773 _cons | -26.83925 23.66391 -1.13 0.257 -73.21966 19.54116------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002817 lgdp | -.002376 .011304 lgdpau | .001578 -.001737 .488169lgdpdfrati~w | -.001943 .003577 -.012872 .083275 lpopau | -.010374 .000271 -1.62539 .069012 5.79903 lpop | -.000026 -.008367 -.001312 -.001892 -.00726 .022479 lxrate1 | .000168 .000534 .002009 .001311 -.010841 -.000825 .001044 lremote | .001014 .004812 -.02141 -.012982 .041106 -.003177 .000546 ldist | .011277 .013729 -.005129 -.004064 -.063091 .004238 .000517 lopen | .00048 -.001063 -.000797 -.000023 -.011866 .002004 -.000195 english | -.005945 .003168 .000706 .005683 -.014931 .018106 .000511 white | .008311 -.036006 .13394 .013534 -.420213 .078296 .005731 lwhitemg | -.001355 .001439 -.01409 -.002642 .047228 -.005947 -.000654 _cons | .056999 -.248591 14.4494 -.786349 -53.2122 -.023183 .112188

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .059044 ldist | .034687 .490365 lopen | .000757 .003513 .004501 english | -.003065 .133864 -.001555 .187821 white | .034954 .260288 .004602 .305456 17.6607 lwhitemg | -.00057 -.04025 -.000309 -.033018 -1.59895 .14963 _cons | -1.02165 -4.25063 .171868 -1.39738 .068531 .056385 559.981

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1069.65Log likelihood = -565.4502 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2179773 .0492393 4.43 0.000 .1214701 .3144845 lgdp | .5668463 .1056254 5.37 0.000 .3598242 .7738683 lgdpau | .7555383 .6733385 1.12 0.262 -.5641809 2.075258lgdpdfrati~w | -.0219329 .2931236 -0.07 0.940 -.5964447 .5525789 lpopau | -3.480111 2.331467 -1.49 0.136 -8.049702 1.089481 lpop | .5175401 .1312626 3.94 0.000 .2602703 .77481 lxrate1 | -.0865006 .0297114 -2.91 0.004 -.1447338 -.0282674 lremote | -.2761358 .2396021 -1.15 0.249 -.7457473 .1934757 ldist | -2.247328 .4476962 -5.02 0.000 -3.124797 -1.36986 lopen | -.0734155 .0724376 -1.01 0.311 -.2153906 .0685596 english | 1.15406 .3278535 3.52 0.000 .5114791 1.796641 white | 23.90724 3.162197 7.56 0.000 17.70944 30.10503 lwhitemg | -2.286174 .2799383 -8.17 0.000 -2.834843 -1.737505 _cons | 43.64799 22.43413 1.95 0.052 -.3221089 87.61808------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002425 lgdp | -.002263 .011157 lgdpau | -.002301 .005882 .453385lgdpdfrati~w | -.002193 .004232 -.017944 .085921 lpopau | .006288 -.03765 -1.51833 .060612 5.43574 lpop | .000455 -.009155 -.004247 -.003306 .020124 .01723 lxrate1 | .000087 .000654 .000719 .001438 -.007537 -.000856 .000883 lremote | .000628 .004002 -.015749 -.017872 .03387 -.002958 .000429 ldist | .008309 -.00394 -.009997 -.003403 -.000175 .016652 .000338 lopen | .000227 .000029 .000288 .002435 -.012273 .001233 -.000026 english | -.003188 .002033 .005371 .006145 -.025174 -.000691 .000798 white | .008455 -.040184 .022846 -.019283 -.040261 .062153 .004147 lwhitemg | -.001031 .001418 -.003903 -.00013 .014106 -.004172 -.000428 _cons | -.095382 .373768 13.4878 -.465693 -50.198 -.418963 .093281

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .057409 ldist | .008063 .200432 lopen | .001365 .00173 .005247 english | -.009261 .057452 -.001691 .107488 white | .030315 .046187 .004338 .013114 9.99949 lwhitemg | .000221 -.008089 -.000501 .000525 -.869199 .078365 _cons | -.756178 -1.93762 .147385 -.244824 -.789281 -.01471 503.29

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1815.38Log likelihood = -739.524 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0641011 .0329794 1.94 0.052 -.0005374 .1287395 lgdp | .9975233 .0942699 10.58 0.000 .8127577 1.182289 lgdpau | .9465464 .6718677 1.41 0.159 -.3702902 2.263383lgdpdfrati~w | -.0865436 .2650054 -0.33 0.744 -.6059446 .4328574 lpopau | 2.9423 2.3383 1.26 0.208 -1.640684 7.525285 lpop | -.4303155 .1394304 -3.09 0.002 -.703594 -.157037 lxrate1 | -.1530258 .0215189 -7.11 0.000 -.195202 -.1108496 lremote | -.4199778 .1860785 -2.26 0.024 -.7846848 -.0552707 ldist | -1.826682 .7246437 -2.52 0.012 -3.246958 -.4064068 lopen | -.0512044 .0705929 -0.73 0.468 -.189564 .0871552 english | .0582064 .3339019 0.17 0.862 -.5962292 .712642 white | 28.53582 2.629614 10.85 0.000 23.38187 33.68976 lwhitemg | -2.659604 .254534 -10.45 0.000 -3.158482 -2.160727 _cons | -65.51186 23.54215 -2.78 0.005 -111.6536 -19.37009------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001088 lgdp | -.001755 .008887 lgdpau | -.000352 .0014 .451406lgdpdfrati~w | -.001845 .003878 -.013252 .070228 lpopau | -.005399 -.009143 -1.50503 .048815 5.46765 lpop | .00159 -.010949 -.004344 -.003742 .026823 .019441 lxrate1 | .00005 .000285 .000397 .000713 -.0082 -.000639 .000463 lremote | .001247 .003674 -.017113 -.004014 .018566 -.002786 .000325 ldist | .006177 .012106 -.024369 -.003654 -.044136 .010809 .001085 lopen | .000296 -.00083 -.000335 .004393 -.007186 .001139 -.000307 english | -.001034 .002749 .002055 .00268 -.007092 .000156 .000779 white | .016322 -.054768 .015758 -.02948 -.311158 .067153 .007963 lwhitemg | -.001474 .00372 -.002899 .002167 .036466 -.004867 -.000773 _cons | .039817 -.057079 13.5564 -.482653 -51.1933 -.469599 .113087

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .034625 ldist | .061501 .525108 lopen | .0009 .001301 .004983 english | .0014 .067267 -.001492 .11149 white | .035777 .09678 -.006383 .208337 6.91487 lwhitemg | -.002545 -.016571 .000817 -.023324 -.659186 .064788 _cons | -.791812 -4.66913 .107684 -.666251 3.58796 -.346212 554.233

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 547.20Log likelihood = -579.1173 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4450813 .0598097 7.44 0.000 .3278564 .5623063 lgdp | .2167453 .0994934 2.18 0.029 .0217417 .4117488 lgdpau | 1.063995 .744612 1.43 0.153 -.3954174 2.523408lgdpdfrati~w | -.5679186 .3198003 -1.78 0.076 -1.194716 .0588785 lpopau | -4.378451 2.572627 -1.70 0.089 -9.420707 .6638043 lpop | .357551 .1054017 3.39 0.001 .1509675 .5641346 lxrate1 | -.082221 .0345384 -2.38 0.017 -.149915 -.0145271 lremote | -.0047579 .2296805 -0.02 0.983 -.4549235 .4454076 ldist | -1.294593 .5879824 -2.20 0.028 -2.447018 -.142169 lopen | .088661 .0721248 1.23 0.219 -.0527011 .230023 english | -.1238025 .2847438 -0.43 0.664 -.6818901 .4342852 white | 19.89838 2.084896 9.54 0.000 15.81205 23.9847 lwhitemg | -1.874146 .1994933 -9.39 0.000 -2.265146 -1.483147 _cons | 49.10632 24.36437 2.02 0.044 1.353042 96.85961------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003577 lgdp | -.003346 .009899 lgdpau | -.002612 .006929 .554447lgdpdfrati~w | -.002835 .006348 -.009469 .102272 lpopau | .006335 -.036742 -1.85507 .049899 6.61841 lpop | .001158 -.006407 -.004475 -.004319 .012324 .01111 lxrate1 | .000337 .000469 -.000242 .000805 -.003931 -.000636 .001193 lremote | .000263 .002955 -.008754 -.017635 -.004166 .000823 .001505 ldist | .011464 .000947 -.004658 -.011457 -.072048 .006677 .000415 lopen | -.000375 .000907 .002254 -.000082 -.023644 .001628 -.000132 english | -.003763 .007012 .006468 .002408 -.027082 -.000597 -.001665 white | .024451 -.040848 -.005148 -.07525 .092397 .015338 -.001224 lwhitemg | -.002761 .00237 -.001386 .004603 .002465 -.000398 -.000203 _cons | -.110813 .283046 16.2896 -.478677 -59.8932 -.190688 .048961

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052753 ldist | .037009 .345723 lopen | .002474 .003587 .005202 english | .007503 .094995 -.000026 .081079 white | .112794 .215683 -.008445 .143443 4.34679 lwhitemg | -.007829 -.0313 .000756 -.017031 -.406796 .039798 _cons | -.588096 -2.48977 .238083 -.828961 -3.89362 .332715 593.622

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1207.52Log likelihood = -279.6697 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0011614 .0245757 0.05 0.962 -.047006 .0493288 lgdp | .4437692 .0836239 5.31 0.000 .2798693 .6076692 lgdpau | -.4054388 .5029727 -0.81 0.420 -1.391247 .5803695lgdpdfrati~w | .1351308 .2293931 0.59 0.556 -.3144714 .5847331 lpopau | 1.167555 1.738784 0.67 0.502 -2.240398 4.575508

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lpop | -.1007712 .1329195 -0.76 0.448 -.3612885 .1597461 lxrate1 | -.0391375 .0232435 -1.68 0.092 -.0846938 .0064189 lremote | .0009032 .1733317 0.01 0.996 -.3388206 .340627 ldist | -4.139264 .527991 -7.84 0.000 -5.174107 -3.104421 lopen | -.0026258 .0490888 -0.05 0.957 -.098838 .0935865 english | .1364151 .2941039 0.46 0.643 -.4400179 .7128481 white | 17.85007 2.627534 6.79 0.000 12.70019 22.99994 lwhitemg | -1.335399 .2798657 -4.77 0.000 -1.883926 -.7868722 _cons | 23.53596 17.54052 1.34 0.180 -10.84283 57.91474------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000604 lgdp | -.000726 .006993 lgdpau | -.000103 -.002354 .252981lgdpdfrati~w | -.001084 .002688 -.009256 .052621 lpopau | -.00024 .002435 -.841123 .05215 3.02337 lpop | .000126 -.006566 .000334 -.001616 -.016349 .017668 lxrate1 | -.000033 .000202 .001273 .001009 -.00648 -.000468 .00054 lremote | .00014 .002448 -.018182 -.004174 .051794 -.002263 -.000096 ldist | .002528 .003451 -.012773 -.000645 .007482 .013168 -.000522 lopen | .00006 -.00024 -.002045 .001576 .002134 .000883 -.000025 english | -.001308 .001249 .001538 .001473 -.015976 .007613 .000681 white | .003495 -.037996 .036459 -.020355 -.345155 .093649 .002537 lwhitemg | -.000396 .001636 -.004409 .001151 .038278 -.007567 -.000059 _cons | -.005881 -.084441 7.64774 -.66686 -28.4392 .025224 .079296

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030044 ldist | .013473 .278774 lopen | .000038 .001056 .00241 english | .000809 .047621 .000171 .086497 white | .004117 .109092 .000221 .136541 6.90393 lwhitemg | .002229 -.016107 .000048 -.013423 -.724726 .078325 _cons | -.790652 -2.87536 -.00116 -.399741 3.01743 -.299319 307.67

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