98
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Exports\Bangladesh to St Kittis.log opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:09:37 . . *Dropping Bangladesh . drop if ccode==450500 (10 observations deleted) . . *Descriptive stats after dropping . tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op > en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta > t) variable | N mean sd p50 min max -------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 490971 1561252 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33414.99 117050.9 2802.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.78e+11 9.69e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.7153 16.9489 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.84e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.818 10901.73 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6733.966 4145.929 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13413.84 3504.33 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7127722 .3872824 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1 gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052646 .1814257 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Page 1: btadesse/Research/Research Interest_…  · Web view2006-08-02 · log: K:\Exports\Bangladesh to St Kittis.log. opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:09:37 . . *Dropping Bangladesh. drop if

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------log: K:\Exports\Bangladesh to St Kittis.logopened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:09:37

.

. *Dropping Bangladesh

. drop if ccode==450500(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 490971 1561252 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33414.99 117050.9 2802.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.78e+11 9.69e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.7153 16.9489 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.84e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.818 10901.73 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6733.966 4145.929 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13413.84 3504.33 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7127722 .3872824 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052646 .1814257 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 2: btadesse/Research/Research Interest_…  · Web view2006-08-02 · log: K:\Exports\Bangladesh to St Kittis.log. opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:09:37 . . *Dropping Bangladesh. drop if

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404686.5 1597641 2944.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14842.91 27149.5 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8452 17.31232 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.21e+07 1.64e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.648 11681.77 19.96485 .0068 270182.6

remote | 870 7159.533 4116.798 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13250.85 3391.103 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3328 241.8373 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7208663 .4084547 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.04423 .1863589 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

.

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**I. Aggregate Exports. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6256.64Log likelihood = -1016.198 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5357209 .039025 13.73 0.000 .4592333 .6122084 lgdp | 1.063421 .0387934 27.41 0.000 .9873874 1.139455 lgdpau | -3.138034 .8697712 -3.61 0.000 -4.842754 -1.433314lgdpdfrati~w | -1.773822 .3365811 -5.27 0.000 -2.433509 -1.114135 lpopau | 3.800995 3.033916 1.25 0.210 -2.14537 9.74736 lpop | -.0061338 .0421778 -0.15 0.884 -.0888008 .0765331 lxrate1 | .0025006 .0149199 0.17 0.867 -.0267418 .031743 lremote | .1480181 .0871545 1.70 0.089 -.0228015 .3188377 ldist | -1.402672 .1468473 -9.55 0.000 -1.690488 -1.114857 lopen | .9448189 .0807355 11.70 0.000 .7865803 1.103057 english | .1465618 .090399 1.62 0.105 -.030617 .3237407 white | 3.101735 .5677597 5.46 0.000 1.988946 4.214523 lwhitemg | -.3836362 .0514581 -7.46 0.000 -.4844922 -.2827801 _cons | 13.832 28.20141 0.49 0.624 -41.44175 69.10575------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001523 lgdp | -.000912 .001505 lgdpau | -.003419 .002827 .756502lgdpdfrati~w | .000788 -.001017 -.024056 .113287 lpopau | .013254 -.011628 -2.59499 .13358 9.20464 lpop | .000093 -.000772 .000848 -.00005 -.006645 .001779 lxrate1 | -.000014 .000184 -.000086 -.000057 .000172 -.000069 .000223 lremote | -.000448 .00118 .004761 -.002564 -.025728 .000119 -.000019 ldist | .003733 -.002681 -.006453 .004431 .017127 .002365 .000396 lopen | -.000645 .000404 .011138 -.001036 -.060124 .000939 -.00012 english | -.000695 .001245 -.002935 .000653 .018592 -.000953 .000495 white | .007405 -.002074 -.008801 -.008717 .010855 .009741 .001368 lwhitemg | -.000828 .000245 .001031 .000397 -.001864 -.000877 -.000114 _cons | -.155345 .117749 23.206 -1.70742 -84.5101 .054551 -.008269

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007596 ldist | .001907 .021564 lopen | .002472 .000531 .006518 english | .000218 .001077 -.003032 .008172 white | .016413 .034425 -.000361 .002619 .322351 lwhitemg | -.001104 -.003457 .000037 .000036 -.028741 .002648 _cons | .194615 -.346263 .667711 -.260779 -.598495 .062608 795.32

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 5441.90Log likelihood = -1456.957 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3632632 .0468183 7.76 0.000 .2715011 .4550253 lgdp | 1.106232 .0700877 15.78 0.000 .9688625 1.243601 lgdpau | -.4369642 .4909549 -0.89 0.373 -1.399218 .5252898lgdpdfrati~w | -.210635 .3023689 -0.70 0.486 -.803267 .3819971 lpopau | 3.346779 1.774233 1.89 0.059 -.1306541 6.824212 lpop | -.0096995 .0965346 -0.10 0.920 -.1989038 .1795049 lxrate1 | -.041151 .0300323 -1.37 0.171 -.1000131 .0177112 lremote | -.2154971 .1646379 -1.31 0.191 -.5381816 .1071873 ldist | -3.010405 .3993055 -7.54 0.000 -3.79303 -2.227781 lopen | -.0681765 .0542837 -1.26 0.209 -.1745706 .0382176 english | .5136433 .1866164 2.75 0.006 .1478819 .8794048 white | 7.452264 1.125949 6.62 0.000 5.245445 9.659083 lwhitemg | -.8218536 .1204285 -6.82 0.000 -1.057889 -.585818 _cons | -35.74756 17.99404 -1.99 0.047 -71.01523 -.4799033------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002192 lgdp | -.001722 .004912 lgdpau | .001216 -.001864 .241037lgdpdfrati~w | -.002023 .003365 -.024297 .091427 lpopau | -.005089 .004831 -.837699 .108829 3.1479 lpop | -.00007 -.005053 .004049 -.00145 -.020768 .009319 lxrate1 | .000121 .000382 .000615 .002687 -.006443 -.000542 .000902 lremote | .000079 .000462 -.021811 .00239 .092053 -.003679 .00059 ldist | .00942 -.010159 .003298 .001685 -.027845 .00461 .001967 lopen | .000075 -.000327 .002612 .001169 -.011621 .001201 -.00039 english | -.001265 -.001211 .005971 .004697 -.046485 .003457 .00169 white | .011059 -.027387 .024093 -.004757 -.156572 .034472 .001736 lwhitemg | -.001581 .002139 -.004618 .000664 .022855 -.00225 -.00012 _cons | -.007863 .034302 7.73096 -1.3525 -30.6418 .19807 .059995

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027106 ldist | .004123 .159445 lopen | -.002211 .000962 .002947 english | -.004531 .001339 -.000739 .034826 white | -.012208 .053956 .002958 .041088 1.26776 lwhitemg | .00407 -.007088 -.00064 -.00202 -.130122 .014503 _cons | -1.19212 -1.08457 .124729 .597647 1.55594 -.230673 323.785

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Page 5: btadesse/Research/Research Interest_…  · Web view2006-08-02 · log: K:\Exports\Bangladesh to St Kittis.log. opened on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:09:37 . . *Dropping Bangladesh. drop if

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3502.66Log likelihood = -1554.215 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4456425 .0548643 8.12 0.000 .3381104 .5531746 lgdp | 1.057638 .0650754 16.25 0.000 .9300923 1.185183 lgdpau | 2.404244 2.036456 1.18 0.238 -1.587136 6.395624lgdpdfrati~w | -2.309055 .8182535 -2.82 0.005 -3.912802 -.7053076 lpopau | -8.36574 7.010967 -1.19 0.233 -22.10698 5.375503 lpop | -.113781 .0841331 -1.35 0.176 -.2786789 .0511169 lxrate1 | -.0795339 .0286573 -2.78 0.006 -.1357011 -.0233666 lremote | -.1080006 .2066708 -0.52 0.601 -.513068 .2970668 ldist | -2.326121 .2373181 -9.80 0.000 -2.791256 -1.860986 lopen | .0535316 .0892071 0.60 0.548 -.1213111 .2283744 english | .7565294 .1844842 4.10 0.000 .3949469 1.118112 white | 2.571494 1.141742 2.25 0.024 .3337221 4.809267 lwhitemg | -.2524277 .1037516 -2.43 0.015 -.4557772 -.0490782 _cons | 81.37077 64.51025 1.26 0.207 -45.067 207.8085------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00301 lgdp | -.001921 .004235 lgdpau | -.002485 .005892 4.14715lgdpdfrati~w | -.003472 .00194 -.201667 .669539 lpopau | .007664 -.029846 -14.0629 .945863 49.1537 lpop | -7.7e-06 -.003798 -.001449 .000794 .011035 .007078 lxrate1 | .000248 .000571 .001035 -.000352 -.008251 -.000991 .000821 lremote | .004506 -.001748 .004613 -.007025 -.039714 -.001681 .00123 ldist | .006853 -.005496 -.005546 .012127 .009213 .001922 .003057 lopen | -.000223 .000979 .015628 .003273 -.078861 .000604 -.000011 english | -.003353 .001799 -.001226 .009532 .01672 -.002165 .001013 white | .020246 -.019807 .037706 -.125111 -.172235 .010212 .002443 lwhitemg | -.001847 .00132 -.003136 .010606 .014109 -.000211 -.000155 _cons | -.13955 .380067 124.629 -11.1984 -446.95 -.171394 .068267

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .042713 ldist | .022871 .05632 lopen | .004737 .001155 .007958 english | -.015857 .001118 -.003775 .034034 white | .079494 .031727 -.002364 -.012895 1.30357 lwhitemg | -.004652 -.000797 .000335 .001177 -.115083 .010764 _cons | -.005491 -.714914 .819597 -.129073 1.13249 -.127397 4161.57

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1227.29Log likelihood = -1659.021 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6486258 .0652177 9.95 0.000 .5208015 .7764501 lgdp | .6789689 .1097819 6.18 0.000 .4638003 .8941376 lgdpau | 1.396215 1.859274 0.75 0.453 -2.247895 5.040324lgdpdfrati~w | -.1996334 .6723139 -0.30 0.767 -1.517344 1.118078 lpopau | -11.36531 6.372049 -1.78 0.074 -23.8543 1.123673 lpop | .1072201 .1088012 0.99 0.324 -.1060264 .3204666 lxrate1 | .0767457 .0434652 1.77 0.077 -.0084447 .161936 lremote | -1.034441 .3081008 -3.36 0.001 -1.638307 -.430574 ldist | -.8044265 .5957668 -1.35 0.177 -1.972108 .3632549 lopen | .2610362 .12011 2.17 0.030 .0256249 .4964474 english | .1738883 .3215281 0.54 0.589 -.4562951 .8040718 white | 11.82785 2.882939 4.10 0.000 6.177395 17.47831 lwhitemg | -1.366043 .2954634 -4.62 0.000 -1.945141 -.7869456 _cons | 152.9354 59.55187 2.57 0.010 36.21592 269.6549------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004253 lgdp | -.004846 .012052 lgdpau | .002035 -.003804 3.4569lgdpdfrati~w | -.006749 .012134 -.114269 .452006 lpopau | -.012038 .000893 -11.5669 .553784 40.603 lpop | .000707 -.006532 -.000961 -.002602 .003693 .011838 lxrate1 | -.000149 .001298 .003038 .003572 -.023891 -.001245 .001889 lremote | .002201 .007337 -.052219 .006901 .138869 -.006501 -.000355 ldist | .021426 -.0177 -.013328 -.01186 -.043551 .012752 .001689 lopen | -.000979 .001069 -.016413 .004566 .024138 .001939 .000308 english | -.004739 .006211 .022462 .016532 -.104091 .005578 .004397 white | .017327 -.03854 .160502 -.031593 -.752905 .038303 .004269 lwhitemg | -.00167 .00255 -.019192 .00234 .088255 -.003058 -.000372 _cons | .004809 .032886 101.947 -6.82219 -371.562 -.13806 .285129

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094926 ldist | .056514 .354938 lopen | .003584 -.004547 .014426 english | -.025357 -.003003 -.002938 .10338 white | -.001227 .000376 -.005818 .116801 8.31134 lwhitemg | .004267 -.000444 .000742 -.012873 -.840117 .087299 _cons | -2.36758 -2.71613 -.000275 1.13098 8.44874 -.993415 3546.42

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 2151.41Log likelihood = -1456.77 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .369358 .0477202 7.74 0.000 .2758282 .4628878 lgdp | .9042604 .081126 11.15 0.000 .7452563 1.063265 lgdpau | -.2439253 .4872589 -0.50 0.617 -1.198935 .7110845lgdpdfrati~w | .1864334 .2411458 0.77 0.439 -.2862037 .6590704 lpopau | -2.574707 1.726182 -1.49 0.136 -5.957962 .8085466 lpop | .1748324 .1005021 1.74 0.082 -.0221481 .3718129 lxrate1 | -.0124024 .0273469 -0.45 0.650 -.0660014 .0411966 lremote | -.2281036 .1584398 -1.44 0.150 -.5386399 .0824326 ldist | -2.275691 .4744795 -4.80 0.000 -3.205653 -1.345728 lopen | .0376369 .0499415 0.75 0.451 -.0602466 .1355204 english | .9859092 .2445053 4.03 0.000 .5066875 1.465131 white | 11.03984 2.089024 5.28 0.000 6.945431 15.13425 lwhitemg | -1.100786 .2044904 -5.38 0.000 -1.50158 -.6999921 _cons | 51.50655 17.33162 2.97 0.003 17.5372 85.4759------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002277 lgdp | -.002371 .006581 lgdpau | .001364 -.003631 .237421lgdpdfrati~w | -.001825 .004385 -.023879 .058151 lpopau | -.006872 .013244 -.817322 .100806 2.9797 lpop | .000664 -.005799 .004935 -.003549 -.024919 .010101 lxrate1 | .000122 .000085 .001531 .001507 -.008181 -.000221 .000748 lremote | .000755 .000212 -.020405 .002053 .077482 -.003112 .000074 ldist | .007313 -.010787 .002169 -.001517 -.02358 .008061 .002384 lopen | -.000051 .000053 .001951 .00096 -.00911 .000667 -.000127 english | -.001928 -.000301 .009773 .003471 -.034446 .001527 .0019 white | .009584 -.029095 .023478 -.006711 -.142799 .03608 .009934 lwhitemg | -.001153 .001935 -.00351 .000504 .018551 -.002298 -.000888 _cons | .034567 -.073568 7.50403 -1.15119 -28.3952 .206649 .068139

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025103 ldist | .010451 .225131 lopen | -.001457 -.000575 .002494 english | -.007438 .024277 -.000286 .059783 white | .031927 -.175884 -.004446 .020962 4.36402 lwhitemg | -.001053 .018602 .000196 -.00004 -.422849 .041816 _cons | -1.03196 -1.8503 .107892 .111913 3.1455 -.382786 300.385

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3235.17Log likelihood = -1572.919 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4186436 .0580009 7.22 0.000 .304964 .5323232 lgdp | 1.163898 .0729912 15.95 0.000 1.020838 1.306958 lgdpau | 2.265164 2.118987 1.07 0.285 -1.887974 6.418302lgdpdfrati~w | -2.472922 .8233726 -3.00 0.003 -4.086703 -.8591415 lpopau | -8.150952 7.293951 -1.12 0.264 -22.44683 6.144928 lpop | -.2375002 .0872072 -2.72 0.006 -.4084231 -.0665774 lxrate1 | -.0385328 .0291176 -1.32 0.186 -.0956023 .0185367 lremote | .0716922 .2041041 0.35 0.725 -.3283444 .4717289 ldist | -2.249578 .2381556 -9.45 0.000 -2.716354 -1.782802 lopen | .0987503 .1009384 0.98 0.328 -.0990854 .296586 english | .8488513 .2019384 4.20 0.000 .4530594 1.244643 white | 2.828411 1.158213 2.44 0.015 .5583553 5.098467 lwhitemg | -.2648757 .1056744 -2.51 0.012 -.4719938 -.0577577 _cons | 78.77529 67.12886 1.17 0.241 -52.79485 210.3454------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003364 lgdp | -.002547 .005328 lgdpau | -.003411 .00704 4.4901lgdpdfrati~w | -.003691 .003443 -.210449 .677942 lpopau | .012003 -.036986 -15.2179 .955918 53.2017 lpop | .000727 -.004743 -.001865 -.001871 .014405 .007605 lxrate1 | .00007 .000808 .001015 .000675 -.009146 -.001212 .000848 lremote | .004038 -.001336 .002203 -.004339 -.0343 -.000592 .000994 ldist | .007046 -.005448 -.007693 .013176 .014056 .002249 .0025 lopen | -.000346 .001285 .01672 .00419 -.090214 .000752 2.4e-06 english | -.005023 .003833 .001165 .012116 .006357 -.003578 .001312 white | .019075 -.021569 .031207 -.121135 -.127796 .013659 .000048 lwhitemg | -.001782 .001497 -.00267 .010462 .01043 -.000482 .000064 _cons | -.183153 .455567 134.828 -11.1696 -483.843 -.216313 .08907

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .041658 ldist | .023385 .056718 lopen | .005737 .001446 .010189 english | -.017186 -.000319 -.004549 .040779 white | .074871 .00868 -.004111 -.02148 1.34146 lwhitemg | -.004421 .001398 .000525 .00213 -.119025 .011167 _cons | -.052603 -.752694 .960401 -.014982 .82267 -.102337 4506.28

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2996.60Log likelihood = -1546.103 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5674287 .0437577 12.97 0.000 .4816653 .6531922 lgdp | 1.090869 .0665196 16.40 0.000 .9604926 1.221245

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lgdpau | -.4698251 .6491271 -0.72 0.469 -1.742091 .8024407lgdpdfrati~w | -.4393282 .4836566 -0.91 0.364 -1.387278 .5086212 lpopau | 2.058737 2.337347 0.88 0.378 -2.522379 6.639853 lpop | -.1735994 .0834978 -2.08 0.038 -.337252 -.0099467 lxrate1 | -.0430598 .0301179 -1.43 0.153 -.1020898 .0159703 lremote | -.6905376 .1914601 -3.61 0.000 -1.065793 -.3152828 ldist | -1.997918 .3054491 -6.54 0.000 -2.596587 -1.399249 lopen | .0516753 .0705644 0.73 0.464 -.0866283 .189979 english | .6400128 .2371452 2.70 0.007 .1752167 1.104809 white | 5.452127 2.054323 2.65 0.008 1.425728 9.478526 lwhitemg | -.7493862 .2095814 -3.58 0.000 -1.160158 -.3386141 _cons | -16.4813 23.54504 -0.70 0.484 -62.62873 29.66612------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001915 lgdp | -.001787 .004425 lgdpau | -.00009 -.003069 .421366lgdpdfrati~w | -.003367 .003647 -.057864 .233924 lpopau | .000776 .005247 -1.46248 .302212 5.46319 lpop | -.000018 -.003071 .004093 .001027 -.021517 .006972 lxrate1 | -.000331 .00066 .001378 .002788 -.010003 -.00029 .000907 lremote | .001669 .00134 -.028301 .001944 .120651 -.004426 .000091 ldist | .006118 -.008172 -.004522 .001587 -.002446 .010041 .000837 lopen | .000081 -.000842 .000397 .005381 -.005663 .001735 -.000326 english | -.001387 .001516 .015797 .00835 -.098707 .003604 .003095 white | .007509 -.010517 .031771 -.008173 -.219501 .018127 .006864 lwhitemg | -.000667 .000658 -.004188 .001298 .026105 -.001523 -.000507 _cons | -.050276 .011118 13.5568 -3.86691 -53.3649 .15313 .105857

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .036657 ldist | .015376 .093299 lopen | -.002305 .000889 .004979 english | -.013713 .014745 -.001327 .056238 white | .009448 .054752 -.002943 .069231 4.22024 lwhitemg | .001283 -.004008 .000163 -.006885 -.424946 .043924 _cons | -1.69748 -.881224 .08513 1.08806 2.06921 -.280344 554.369

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 608.44Log likelihood = -1181.563 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4718332 .067503 6.99 0.000 .3395298 .6041367 lgdp | .4072395 .1099112 3.71 0.000 .1918175 .6226615 lgdpau | -3.1923 1.387088 -2.30 0.021 -5.910943 -.4736568lgdpdfrati~w | -1.57861 .6319508 -2.50 0.012 -2.817211 -.3400095 lpopau | 12.7377 4.747374 2.68 0.007 3.433014 22.04238 lpop | .0675764 .1098586 0.62 0.538 -.1477426 .2828954 lxrate1 | -.0998801 .0394167 -2.53 0.011 -.1771354 -.0226248

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lremote | -.1422569 .3166937 -0.45 0.653 -.7629651 .4784512 ldist | -1.628343 .4083529 -3.99 0.000 -2.4287 -.8279861 lopen | -.1127364 .1504233 -0.75 0.454 -.4075607 .1820878 english | .569905 .2564009 2.22 0.026 .0673685 1.072442 white | 11.97138 1.384191 8.65 0.000 9.258414 14.68434 lwhitemg | -1.313854 .1173187 -11.20 0.000 -1.543795 -1.083914 _cons | -115.916 44.18738 -2.62 0.009 -202.5217 -29.31035------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004557 lgdp | -.00417 .01208 lgdpau | -.005178 .007326 1.92401lgdpdfrati~w | -.003222 .002689 .044649 .399362 lpopau | .01754 -.041865 -6.40912 .013155 22.5376 lpop | .000095 -.006893 .000227 .000209 .000452 .012069 lxrate1 | -.000148 .001765 .000675 .000855 -.007419 -.002014 .001554 lremote | .003095 .001286 -.034667 -.0578 .019815 -.003554 .001051 ldist | .014657 -.009885 -.020742 -.0116 .024809 .009099 .001362 lopen | .000558 -.000353 .010146 -.00022 -.086834 .003957 -.000679 english | -.006785 .009592 .010254 .016886 -.018364 -.00288 .002836 white | .018725 -.039483 -.015653 -.057115 .068436 .046412 -.005938 lwhitemg | -.001984 .0022 -.001962 -.000182 .000868 -.003533 .000589 _cons | -.251785 .434342 56.1597 -1.24342 -205.457 -.094502 .068507

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .100295 ldist | .029468 .166752 lopen | .009007 .00492 .022627 english | -.019453 -.004648 -.011465 .065741 white | .028796 .135589 -.00995 .074789 1.91598 lwhitemg | .005795 -.014837 .000988 -.007975 -.151717 .013764 _cons | -.503086 -1.71078 1.01452 .058167 -2.21494 .150066 1952.52

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1133.49Log likelihood = -968.906 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2438685 .0429372 5.68 0.000 .1597132 .3280239 lgdp | .3409914 .0932209 3.66 0.000 .1582817 .523701 lgdpau | -2.535241 1.11478 -2.27 0.023 -4.72017 -.3503121lgdpdfrati~w | -4.470983 .4631957 -9.65 0.000 -5.37883 -3.563136 lpopau | 9.709982 3.852252 2.52 0.012 2.159707 17.26026 lpop | .1430067 .0814029 1.76 0.079 -.0165401 .3025535 lxrate1 | -.0737227 .0277981 -2.65 0.008 -.1282059 -.0192394 lremote | .5125677 .1688121 3.04 0.002 .1817021 .8434333 ldist | -2.401074 .2316618 -10.36 0.000 -2.855122 -1.947025 lopen | -.0808116 .0531406 -1.52 0.128 -.1849653 .0233421 english | .427581 .1787643 2.39 0.017 .0772094 .7779525

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white | 9.276659 .8362899 11.09 0.000 7.637561 10.91576 lwhitemg | -.8378057 .0731363 -11.46 0.000 -.9811503 -.6944611 _cons | -75.48779 35.89536 -2.10 0.035 -145.8414 -5.134174------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001844 lgdp | -.002621 .00869 lgdpau | -.002724 .006585 1.24273lgdpdfrati~w | -.002265 .005576 -.045482 .21455 lpopau | .012534 -.035565 -4.2109 .22324 14.8398 lpop | .001721 -.006524 -.003388 -.004238 .019014 .006626 lxrate1 | -.000161 .001247 .000967 .000749 -.007352 -.001022 .000773 lremote | .001826 -.003351 -.004102 -.012217 -.007551 .003102 -.000078 ldist | .005655 -.009302 -.012462 -.008703 .055906 .007857 -.000659 lopen | -.00009 .000352 .004902 .002201 -.024313 .000314 -.000052 english | -.002237 .002179 .000797 .001762 .006604 .001699 .00018 white | .015823 -.035812 -.028086 -.035275 .114371 .040694 -.006068 lwhitemg | -.001225 .001647 .001328 .000883 -.006277 -.002476 .000375 _cons | -.183499 .447921 37.3769 -2.59176 -136.04 -.289095 .089475

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .028498 ldist | .017962 .053667 lopen | .000774 .000139 .002824 english | -.003553 .00947 -.001398 .031957 white | .056252 .079014 .000179 .020395 .699381 lwhitemg | -.002439 -.00557 -.000152 -.001482 -.057315 .005349 _cons | -.158499 -1.21141 .25487 -.267293 -2.30553 .152961 1288.48

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 780.24Log likelihood = -1439.144 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3193093 .0865209 3.69 0.000 .1497314 .4888873 lgdp | .4119556 .1419521 2.90 0.004 .1337346 .6901766 lgdpau | -.7711796 1.146629 -0.67 0.501 -3.01853 1.476171lgdpdfrati~w | -.7966384 .563414 -1.41 0.157 -1.90091 .3076328 lpopau | 9.81604 3.881219 2.53 0.011 2.20899 17.42309 lpop | -.1413522 .1391631 -1.02 0.310 -.414107 .1314025 lxrate1 | -.083731 .045952 -1.82 0.068 -.1737953 .0063333 lremote | .3322281 .247724 1.34 0.180 -.1533021 .8177583 ldist | -2.198149 .4587555 -4.79 0.000 -3.097293 -1.299005 lopen | -.2654409 .1696989 -1.56 0.118 -.5980446 .0671629 english | 1.398912 .3156203 4.43 0.000 .7803078 2.017516 white | 19.00151 1.83476 10.36 0.000 15.40545 22.59758 lwhitemg | -1.851354 .1755955 -10.54 0.000 -2.195515 -1.507193 _cons | -128.7643 36.34696 -3.54 0.000 -200.0031 -57.52561------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007486 lgdp | -.009631 .02015 lgdpau | -.009751 .010472 1.31476lgdpdfrati~w | -.002352 -.002979 .119464 .317435 lpopau | .03135 -.029787 -4.29206 -.21941 15.0639 lpop | .003358 -.012326 -.001494 .002551 -.01459 .019366 lxrate1 | .000481 .001057 -.000271 -.000105 .003171 -.002044 .002112 lremote | .002375 .002669 -.039255 -.052763 .00107 -.001626 -.000314 ldist | .018938 -.021202 -.047088 -.034461 .081195 .022079 .002406 lopen | -.000645 -.000149 .007171 -.006162 -.086646 .006352 -.001075 english | -.010935 .009691 .009693 .002493 -.054881 .00385 .003119 white | .034424 -.076028 -.04293 -.041319 .036688 .084798 .001846 lwhitemg | -.003116 .005481 .000821 .000378 -.006015 -.006587 -.000233 _cons | -.341147 .187646 37.2113 .993845 -137.235 .046808 -.069913

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .061367 ldist | .043589 .210457 lopen | .011114 .004512 .028798 english | -.002755 .014335 -.007704 .099616 white | .031246 .164612 -.002837 .116182 3.36634 lwhitemg | .000652 -.013342 .000837 -.008084 -.314663 .030834 _cons | .084321 -2.45457 1.04767 .280232 -1.15269 .202537 1321.1

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 724.48Log likelihood = -231.5324 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0087514 .0176851 0.49 0.621 -.0259106 .0434135 lgdp | .054104 .0408452 1.32 0.185 -.025951 .1341591 lgdpau | .050449 .2909192 0.17 0.862 -.5197421 .62064lgdpdfrati~w | -.1113658 .1541155 -0.72 0.470 -.4134266 .1906951 lpopau | 2.744373 1.037493 2.65 0.008 .7109243 4.777821 lpop | .1853662 .0539262 3.44 0.001 .0796728 .2910597 lxrate1 | -.0359575 .0138706 -2.59 0.010 -.0631433 -.0087716 lremote | -.0329695 .1007728 -0.33 0.744 -.2304805 .1645415 ldist | -3.049598 .3676007 -8.30 0.000 -3.770082 -2.329114 lopen | -.0341595 .0276108 -1.24 0.216 -.0882756 .0199567 english | 1.24651 .1650502 7.55 0.000 .9230173 1.570002 white | 19.43368 1.286875 15.10 0.000 16.91145 21.95591 lwhitemg | -1.564588 .1209325 -12.94 0.000 -1.801612 -1.327565 _cons | -20.75476 11.35554 -1.83 0.068 -43.0112 1.501685------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000313

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lgdp | -.000155 .001668 lgdpau | .000276 -.000789 .084634lgdpdfrati~w | -.000315 .000485 -.006414 .023752 lpopau | -.001502 .004726 -.286774 .032023 1.07639 lpop | -.000149 -.001469 -.000065 6.7e-06 -.002875 .002908 lxrate1 | .00002 -.000012 .000373 .000291 -.003109 .000039 .000192 lremote | .000281 .000876 -.006195 -.000921 .016293 -.000292 .000089 ldist | .001464 .003038 -.007074 -.000971 .022856 -.001312 -.000337 lopen | .000044 -.000076 .00001 -.000186 -.002005 .000101 -9.8e-06 english | -.000472 .000437 -.00056 -.000239 .013153 .001507 5.2e-06 white | .000748 -.007065 .002359 -.004349 -.02931 .012119 .000458 lwhitemg | -.000134 .000238 -.000437 .000296 .00175 -.000831 2.9e-07 _cons | .005811 -.108549 2.6816 -.38065 -10.7725 .052887 .042864

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .010155 ldist | .012045 .13513 lopen | .000112 .000046 .000762 english | .000656 .020578 -.000467 .027242 white | .007092 .027565 -.000106 .038605 1.65605 lwhitemg | -.000321 -.004853 .000055 -.004294 -.150972 .014625 _cons | -.327839 -1.65132 .032131 -.441423 .058722 .040214 128.948

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 754.52Log likelihood = -1311.067 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2187748 .0584481 3.74 0.000 .1042186 .333331 lgdp | .7064693 .1157385 6.10 0.000 .4796261 .9333125 lgdpau | -5.08516 1.849262 -2.75 0.006 -8.709648 -1.460673lgdpdfrati~w | .0350569 .8278685 0.04 0.966 -1.587535 1.657649 lpopau | 14.46706 6.410286 2.26 0.024 1.903133 27.03099 lpop | .1075458 .1296684 0.83 0.407 -.1465996 .3616912 lxrate1 | -.0569761 .0376737 -1.51 0.130 -.1308153 .016863 lremote | -.8248141 .3383678 -2.44 0.015 -1.488003 -.1616255 ldist | -2.87097 .4669917 -6.15 0.000 -3.786257 -1.955683 lopen | -.2077906 .1822326 -1.14 0.254 -.5649599 .1493787 english | .2191405 .2696701 0.81 0.416 -.3094031 .7476842 white | 10.57623 1.531775 6.90 0.000 7.57401 13.57846 lwhitemg | -1.213091 .1598575 -7.59 0.000 -1.526406 -.899776 _cons | -86.37071 59.98988 -1.44 0.150 -203.9487 31.2073------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003416 lgdp | -.004826 .013395 lgdpau | -.004408 .008929 3.41977lgdpdfrati~w | -.004991 .00581 -.070356 .685366 lpopau | .019253 -.054999 -11.5715 .520773 41.0918 lpop | .002062 -.009494 .002352 -.002827 -.017262 .016814 lxrate1 | -.000462 .001714 .001729 .004124 -.010762 -.001367 .001419 lremote | .004591 -.009098 -.018496 -.058436 .032068 .001506 -.006298

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ldist | .01714 -.020339 -.014119 -.037253 -.019987 .014686 -.00232 lopen | -.000331 -.000014 .022858 -.004059 -.178412 .007483 -.001138 english | -.001525 .00573 .003527 .016844 -.014387 .000311 .003741 white | .031328 -.062664 -.031669 -.028226 .191849 .066231 -.003674 lwhitemg | -.002618 .003608 .00003 -.002516 -.004526 -.005281 -.000283 _cons | -.345199 .814678 102.41 -6.72219 -377.611 .022456 .186468

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .114493 ldist | .05009 .218081 lopen | .017015 .011417 .033209 english | -.017677 .018251 -.007867 .072722 white | .059317 .20688 -.008348 .111484 2.34633 lwhitemg | .005316 -.019479 .001695 -.01385 -.234391 .025554 _cons | -1.29125 -1.63429 2.02098 -.045565 -4.6638 .237906 3598.79

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 320.20Log likelihood = -699.8678 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0568624 .0459591 1.24 0.216 -.0332159 .1469406 lgdp | .0641853 .1094739 0.59 0.558 -.1503796 .2787503 lgdpau | -.0384652 .8720494 -0.04 0.965 -1.747651 1.67072lgdpdfrati~w | .2372571 .3109515 0.76 0.445 -.3721966 .8467108 lpopau | -1.387348 2.995631 -0.46 0.643 -7.258676 4.48398 lpop | .7066733 .1179733 5.99 0.000 .4754499 .9378966 lxrate1 | .0335956 .0333777 1.01 0.314 -.0318234 .0990147 lremote | -.2963858 .2955841 -1.00 0.316 -.8757199 .2829483 ldist | -1.934525 .5621691 -3.44 0.001 -3.036356 -.8326935 lopen | .006039 .0708003 0.09 0.932 -.132727 .144805 english | 1.837164 .3972459 4.62 0.000 1.058576 2.615752 white | 15.0468 2.39346 6.29 0.000 10.3557 19.73789 lwhitemg | -1.199458 .2200453 -5.45 0.000 -1.630739 -.768177 _cons | 33.13692 28.75351 1.15 0.249 -23.21892 89.49275------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002112 lgdp | -.001686 .011985 lgdpau | .00188 -.001395 .76047lgdpdfrati~w | -.001573 .002869 -.025389 .096691 lpopau | -.012837 -.006036 -2.54087 .089889 8.9738 lpop | .000257 -.008869 -.001363 -.00062 .007812 .013918 lxrate1 | .000159 .000397 .001455 .002196 -.010113 -.000548 .001114 lremote | .001315 .006761 -.04074 -.013489 .123226 -.004703 -.000833 ldist | .007697 .000862 -.002788 -.002747 -.051121 .006737 .00221 lopen | .000202 -.000478 -.002293 .00485 .001034 .001312 -.000135 english | -.005227 -.007509 .007465 .009148 -.013242 .010665 .002365 white | .005082 -.059443 .04973 -.006674 -.166727 .069512 .001288 lwhitemg | -.0008 .002975 -.008114 -.000451 .032644 -.005001 -.000173 _cons | .104995 -.051355 22.6457 -.832111 -82.8309 -.136961 .108225

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| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .08737 ldist | .030243 .316034 lopen | .000484 .000495 .005013 english | -.026647 .064734 -.001175 .157804 white | -.027062 .128578 .004583 .216209 5.72865 lwhitemg | .006548 -.017589 -.00033 -.020483 -.505673 .04842 _cons | -2.09288 -2.54189 .021262 -.387184 .630513 -.198878 826.764

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 204.44Log likelihood = -776.3076 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .011679 .0419373 0.28 0.781 -.0705166 .0938746 lgdp | .0931064 .0831155 1.12 0.263 -.069797 .2560098 lgdpau | .1571598 .7068929 0.22 0.824 -1.228325 1.542644lgdpdfrati~w | .0363808 .2503195 0.15 0.884 -.4542364 .526998 lpopau | -.6098072 2.431632 -0.25 0.802 -5.375718 4.156103 lpop | .4937369 .1015811 4.86 0.000 .2946416 .6928321 lxrate1 | -.0008318 .0213852 -0.04 0.969 -.0427459 .0410824 lremote | .2952978 .2449691 1.21 0.228 -.1848327 .7754283 ldist | -2.596424 .4002598 -6.49 0.000 -3.380919 -1.811929 lopen | .0384125 .0545376 0.70 0.481 -.0684792 .1453042 english | .6392831 .3359453 1.90 0.057 -.0191577 1.297724 white | -.771505 1.799125 -0.43 0.668 -4.297726 2.754716 lwhitemg | .1376451 .1782968 0.77 0.440 -.2118103 .4871005 _cons | 19.52476 23.64465 0.83 0.409 -26.8179 65.86742------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001759 lgdp | -.001363 .006908 lgdpau | -.000358 .000559 .499698lgdpdfrati~w | -.000246 .000696 -.036145 .06266 lpopau | -.005096 -.002822 -1.66613 .119018 5.91283 lpop | .000056 -.004954 -.000024 -.001079 -.009572 .010319 lxrate1 | .000154 .000035 -.000509 .001328 -.002409 -.0002 .000457 lremote | .002238 .003462 -.028526 -.008394 .087629 -.003301 -.000157 ldist | .004968 -.003699 -.016938 -.001274 .039357 .001913 .000567 lopen | -.000128 .000375 .002332 .000467 -.010938 .000623 -.000039 english | -.003751 -.003501 -.000281 .003103 .012634 .003725 .000651 white | .005565 -.033861 -.004108 -.013731 -.071264 .042826 .001947 lwhitemg | -.000632 .001889 -.002308 .000607 .016693 -.00291 -.000164 _cons | .048716 -.033123 14.9677 -1.00463 -55.4178 .119935 .048076

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .06001 ldist | .030333 .160208 lopen | .000444 -.000873 .002974 english | -.011992 .043808 -.00145 .112859

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white | .031135 .029883 -.001404 .140258 3.23685 lwhitemg | .000049 -.001505 .000128 -.012531 -.31065 .03179 _cons | -1.54515 -1.98333 .108299 -.505403 .761918 -.193872 559.069

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 556.47Log likelihood = -1049.942 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .131381 .0760719 1.73 0.084 -.0177171 .2804792 lgdp | .5809867 .1370126 4.24 0.000 .312447 .8495264 lgdpau | -.5363463 .8027079 -0.67 0.504 -2.109625 1.036932lgdpdfrati~w | -.6441167 .3642968 -1.77 0.077 -1.358125 .0698919 lpopau | 6.833394 2.710057 2.52 0.012 1.52178 12.14501 lpop | .2431831 .1282557 1.90 0.058 -.0081935 .4945596 lxrate1 | -.1509363 .0342914 -4.40 0.000 -.2181461 -.0837265 lremote | .2009292 .2310171 0.87 0.384 -.251856 .6537143 ldist | -2.973198 .4687884 -6.34 0.000 -3.892006 -2.05439 lopen | .1130649 .0931615 1.21 0.225 -.0695283 .2956581 english | .6465121 .26914 2.40 0.016 .1190075 1.174017 white | 12.75229 1.948529 6.54 0.000 8.933243 16.57133 lwhitemg | -1.221834 .1846872 -6.62 0.000 -1.583815 -.8598539 _cons | -85.88395 25.83673 -3.32 0.001 -136.523 -35.2449------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005787 lgdp | -.006305 .018772 lgdpau | -.005168 .00548 .64434lgdpdfrati~w | -.000115 -.001808 .037608 .132712 lpopau | .01633 -.026636 -2.09728 -.054889 7.34441 lpop | .001177 -.011805 -.000241 .002394 .001572 .01645 lxrate1 | .000494 .000944 .000318 .000397 -.002629 -.001277 .001176 lremote | .001147 .006307 -.032884 -.027274 .030111 -.006832 .001735 ldist | .015991 -.009564 -.027172 -.005051 .084879 .001014 .000974 lopen | 9.4e-06 .000099 .00173 .001735 -.028168 .001582 -.00052 english | -.006255 .016466 .00154 -.00367 -.008533 -.009776 -.000421 white | .02877 -.053453 -.055486 -.033939 .095568 .053926 -.002386 lwhitemg | -.002649 .002449 .001955 .000626 -.004164 -.002904 .000116 _cons | -.209922 .126207 18.3071 .079105 -67.3946 .034091 .002545

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053369 ldist | .025148 .219763 lopen | .002592 .000441 .008679 english | .006324 .023274 -.004555 .072436 white | .038801 .096406 -.005656 .047891 3.79676 lwhitemg | -.000269 -.011446 .000397 -.00696 -.348973 .034109 _cons | -.364675 -2.91332 .376097 -.373196 -1.209 .139702 667.537

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr

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> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 799.88Log likelihood = -1128.869 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .259178 .0750178 3.45 0.001 .1121458 .4062103 lgdp | .6202407 .1129437 5.49 0.000 .398875 .8416063 lgdpau | .3645773 1.206128 0.30 0.762 -1.99939 2.728544lgdpdfrati~w | -1.142562 .5766771 -1.98 0.048 -2.272829 -.0122958 lpopau | 1.662599 4.112501 0.40 0.686 -6.397754 9.722952 lpop | -.0817271 .1212336 -0.67 0.500 -.3193407 .1558865 lxrate1 | -.0330477 .0380102 -0.87 0.385 -.1075464 .0414509 lremote | .3953002 .2862564 1.38 0.167 -.1657522 .9563525 ldist | -2.602072 .4404349 -5.91 0.000 -3.465308 -1.738836 lopen | -.0849349 .0874576 -0.97 0.331 -.2563486 .0864788 english | 1.091896 .2902986 3.76 0.000 .522921 1.660871 white | 11.35908 1.331054 8.53 0.000 8.750261 13.9679 lwhitemg | -1.121805 .1282532 -8.75 0.000 -1.373177 -.8704337 _cons | -24.68334 38.47443 -0.64 0.521 -100.0918 50.72517------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005628 lgdp | -.005564 .012756 lgdpau | -.005398 .008598 1.45474lgdpdfrati~w | -.003801 .004659 .040039 .332557 lpopau | .013539 -.032522 -4.81614 .053383 16.9127 lpop | .001314 -.009466 -.003945 -.000638 .012687 .014698 lxrate1 | .00058 .000764 .001668 .00039 -.011052 -.001255 .001445 lremote | .004765 -.00186 -.030486 -.047995 -.001985 -.00234 .001893 ldist | .015058 -.009641 -.0284 -.02536 .054775 .003639 .000881 lopen | -.000283 .000857 .00141 .000841 -.025135 .000565 -.000287 english | -.00662 .011198 .005077 .001109 -.006049 -.005952 -.000837 white | .029332 -.054389 -.055913 -.039657 .112593 .058308 -.001789 lwhitemg | -.002452 .003267 .002168 -.000952 -.007601 -.004103 .000201 _cons | -.19524 .307897 42.118 -1.70007 -154.381 -.141119 .108856

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .081943 ldist | .048429 .193983 lopen | .003675 .001098 .007649 english | .001291 .032162 -.003099 .084273 white | .076878 .116205 -.007632 .025161 1.7717 lwhitemg | -.001086 -.011004 .000504 -.003809 -.163093 .016449 _cons | -.250763 -2.34964 .318701 -.486813 -2.03704 .19254 1480.28

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 425.13Log likelihood = -1195.462 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2029734 .052201 3.89 0.000 .1006614 .3052855 lgdp | .326097 .1030909 3.16 0.002 .1240426 .5281514 lgdpau | -2.123105 1.341258 -1.58 0.113 -4.751922 .505713lgdpdfrati~w | -2.185129 .6109827 -3.58 0.000 -3.382633 -.9876253 lpopau | 6.398838 4.582704 1.40 0.163 -2.583097 15.38077 lpop | .1226958 .0778904 1.58 0.115 -.0299665 .2753581 lxrate1 | -.1037446 .0384884 -2.70 0.007 -.1791806 -.0283086 lremote | 1.027353 .2650396 3.88 0.000 .5078851 1.546821 ldist | -1.403942 .4234072 -3.32 0.001 -2.233805 -.5740791 lopen | -.0171894 .120031 -0.14 0.886 -.2524458 .218067 english | .6793204 .1907643 3.56 0.000 .3054292 1.053212 white | 7.711197 1.353144 5.70 0.000 5.059083 10.36331 lwhitemg | -.6243076 .1311668 -4.76 0.000 -.8813898 -.3672254 _cons | -48.03148 42.5657 -1.13 0.259 -131.4587 35.39576------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002725 lgdp | -.002636 .010628 lgdpau | -.003929 .006264 1.79897lgdpdfrati~w | -.001375 -.000041 .086676 .3733 lpopau | .014554 -.038937 -6.00247 -.150737 21.0012 lpop | .000501 -.005411 -.000506 -.000885 .003826 .006067 lxrate1 | .000214 .001547 .000778 .000626 -.006189 -.001556 .001481 lremote | .000666 .001022 -.029311 -.04801 .049062 .001034 -.000637 ldist | .013227 -.006153 -.028293 -.028087 .049891 .004297 .002069 lopen | -.000072 .000443 .0092 .000124 -.065492 .002906 -.000484 english | -.003285 .005569 .007115 .006824 -.022477 .000969 .000921 white | .013256 -.02951 -.030201 -.056157 .096337 .029671 -.005072 lwhitemg | -.001482 .000892 -.000481 .000793 .002745 -.001748 .000092 _cons | -.23418 .386056 52.7059 .546187 -191.048 -.068231 .050872

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .070246 ldist | .044678 .179274 lopen | .005661 .008791 .014407 english | -.008294 -.003358 -.002967 .036391 white | .046395 .108448 .002373 .047013 1.831 lwhitemg | .001514 -.011144 -.000301 -.005126 -.168028 .017205 _cons | -1.07546 -2.16795 .669457 .141982 -2.08608 .07782 1811.84

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 530.01Log likelihood = -976.6407 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1134104 .050612 2.24 0.025 .0142128 .212608 lgdp | .497178 .0987809 5.03 0.000 .303571 .690785 lgdpau | -1.43252 1.352675 -1.06 0.290 -4.083715 1.218675lgdpdfrati~w | -1.143418 .5557572 -2.06 0.040 -2.232682 -.0541542 lpopau | 4.61119 4.649107 0.99 0.321 -4.500893 13.72327 lpop | .1107039 .0952981 1.16 0.245 -.076077 .2974847 lxrate1 | -.0367405 .0384133 -0.96 0.339 -.1120291 .0385482 lremote | -.8868025 .3014999 -2.94 0.003 -1.477731 -.2958735 ldist | -3.260293 .4388257 -7.43 0.000 -4.120376 -2.400211 lopen | -.0777654 .1078646 -0.72 0.471 -.2891762 .1336453 english | .7571283 .1987923 3.81 0.000 .3675026 1.146754 white | 11.22919 1.71172 6.56 0.000 7.874284 14.5841 lwhitemg | -1.118693 .152032 -7.36 0.000 -1.41667 -.8207156 _cons | -8.338156 43.61664 -0.19 0.848 -93.82521 77.1489------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002562 lgdp | -.002504 .009758 lgdpau | -.00312 .005913 1.82973lgdpdfrati~w | -.001167 .000353 -.031876 .308866 lpopau | .010861 -.029369 -6.14321 .190968 21.6142 lpop | -.000207 -.005744 -.001407 .0004 .005833 .009082 lxrate1 | -3.1e-06 .001469 .002266 .001693 -.013242 -.001458 .001476 lremote | .003872 -.000194 -.021014 -.035789 .052131 -.001915 -.001473 ldist | .011923 -.008714 -.023224 -.014212 .061138 .001414 -.000916 lopen | -.000147 -.00027 .005732 .005245 -.049677 .002236 -.000096 english | -.002638 .003044 .00746 .006225 -.024322 -.000762 .002187 white | .012051 -.035864 .018157 -.022675 -.008083 .036424 -.005665 lwhitemg | -.000987 .001251 -.003254 -.000483 .007304 -.002226 .000305 _cons | -.199726 .297535 54.245 -2.21383 -198.211 -.065073 .16524

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .090902 ldist | .0512 .192568 lopen | .003838 .00256 .011635 english | -.019186 .0036 -.002944 .039518 white | .03333 .107191 -.001265 .035355 2.92998 lwhitemg | .001698 -.009723 .000271 -.003545 -.251373 .023114 _cons | -1.53778 -2.57044 .592467 .270191 -1.49192 .057192 1902.41

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 804.43Log likelihood = -1574.809 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4338251 .0685147 6.33 0.000 .2995387 .5681114 lgdp | .2201398 .1272104 1.73 0.084 -.0291879 .4694675

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lgdpau | -2.48901 1.765869 -1.41 0.159 -5.95005 .9720299lgdpdfrati~w | -1.157138 .5955669 -1.94 0.052 -2.324428 .0101515 lpopau | 18.90531 6.024357 3.14 0.002 7.097783 30.71283 lpop | .4733014 .1206829 3.92 0.000 .2367672 .7098356 lxrate1 | -.1272811 .0430334 -2.96 0.003 -.2116249 -.0429372 lremote | .3912986 .3127405 1.25 0.211 -.2216616 1.004259 ldist | -1.874117 .4512276 -4.15 0.000 -2.758506 -.9897267 lopen | -.1016631 .1411943 -0.72 0.472 -.3783988 .1750726 english | .2121674 .2787266 0.76 0.447 -.3341266 .7584614 white | 17.07096 2.555424 6.68 0.000 12.06242 22.0795 lwhitemg | -1.631521 .2476756 -6.59 0.000 -2.116957 -1.146086 _cons | -243.6964 55.86917 -4.36 0.000 -353.198 -134.1949------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004694 lgdp | -.005424 .016182 lgdpau | -.006422 .009104 3.11829lgdpdfrati~w | -.002234 .003174 -.038719 .3547 lpopau | .020361 -.04253 -10.3934 .146451 36.2929 lpop | .001762 -.010796 -.003617 -.001854 .008783 .014564 lxrate1 | -.000095 .001648 -.000926 .003423 -.005534 -.00141 .001852 lremote | .005234 -.002042 -.046878 -.019442 .054994 .001719 .001264 ldist | .016535 -.011629 -.034773 -.002394 .094538 .009387 -.000658 lopen | -.000388 -.000331 .00715 .008876 -.047963 .003753 -.000305 english | -.00484 .011261 .009525 .001296 -.054659 -.005426 .001556 white | .018427 -.048016 -.059976 -.048785 -.064508 .058852 .005216 lwhitemg | -.001391 .001806 .000505 .001556 .013433 -.003116 -.000464 _cons | -.303542 .42063 91.2763 -1.61316 -330.35 -.142741 .085985

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .097807 ldist | .048481 .203606 lopen | .00647 .00532 .019936 english | -.012361 .024303 -.005154 .077688 white | .134543 -.013972 -.001394 -.019033 6.53019 lwhitemg | -.004563 .002232 .000325 .001197 -.621579 .061343 _cons | -.987208 -3.00409 .457406 .359903 1.65564 -.199123 3121.36

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Burundi

. drop if ccode==451040(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197.8 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.9 117038.6 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6063 16.88353 102.7439 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1041.008 10901.89 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6741.282 4145.975 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13379.82 3530.98 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7111446 .3886622 .63885 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.051599 .1810807 1.015772 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404947.1 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.83 27125.16 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.72 17.23234 101.6682 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1180.568 11681.96 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7167.943 4115.981 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13211.75 3420.842 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.3357 241.8354 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7189955 .4099951 .63875 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043026 .1859177 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

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.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6690.60Log likelihood = -999.5879 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5351747 .038328 13.96 0.000 .4600532 .6102961 lgdp | 1.054632 .0381626 27.64 0.000 .9798347 1.129429 lgdpau | -3.287184 .880927 -3.73 0.000 -5.013769 -1.560599lgdpdfrati~w | -1.818683 .341722 -5.32 0.000 -2.488446 -1.14892 lpopau | 4.528786 3.071018 1.47 0.140 -1.490298 10.54787 lpop | -.0042766 .04178 -0.10 0.918 -.0861639 .0776106 lxrate1 | .0018187 .015177 0.12 0.905 -.0279276 .0315649 lremote | .1200507 .0839814 1.43 0.153 -.0445499 .2846513 ldist | -1.425038 .1494038 -9.54 0.000 -1.717864 -1.132212 lopen | .8944159 .0811629 11.02 0.000 .7353395 1.053492 english | .1962465 .0962763 2.04 0.042 .0075484 .3849447 white | 3.079116 .5638267 5.46 0.000 1.974036 4.184196 lwhitemg | -.380169 .0511951 -7.43 0.000 -.4805096 -.2798283 _cons | 6.298454 28.52473 0.22 0.825 -49.60899 62.2059------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001469 lgdp | -.000828 .001456 lgdpau | -.003148 .002728 .776032lgdpdfrati~w | .000765 -.001111 -.026014 .116774 lpopau | .012166 -.011466 -2.66077 .142112 9.43115 lpop | .000082 -.000772 .000649 -.000062 -.005515 .001746 lxrate1 | 1.2e-07 .000193 -.000047 -.000041 -.000066 -.000074 .00023 lremote | -.000333 .001251 .004483 -.00238 -.024903 5.3e-07 .000055 ldist | .003602 -.001973 -.005431 .003807 .012019 .001921 .000504 lopen | -.000575 .000373 .010876 -.001477 -.059304 .000844 -.000104 english | -.00074 .001573 -.002532 .000716 .016853 -.00099 .000497 white | .007536 -.001649 -.009295 -.008323 .014653 .009527 .001606 lwhitemg | -.000838 .000196 .00101 .000443 -.001883 -.000846 -.000135 _cons | -.145558 .110915 23.7829 -1.79487 -86.5237 .046734 -.007274

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007053 ldist | .002688 .022321 lopen | .002398 .000853 .006587 english | .000162 .001566 -.00313 .009269 white | .015235 .034817 -.001307 .004101 .317901 lwhitemg | -.001113 -.003539 .000096 -.000147 -.028446 .002621

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_cons | .184777 -.310877 .660982 -.254348 -.652428 .06523 813.66

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6626.47Log likelihood = -1437.992 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3360127 .0456615 7.36 0.000 .2465178 .4255076 lgdp | 1.077209 .0668461 16.11 0.000 .9461928 1.208225 lgdpau | -.4012444 .4876174 -0.82 0.411 -1.356957 .5544682lgdpdfrati~w | -.1875395 .2917159 -0.64 0.520 -.7592922 .3842133 lpopau | 3.470765 1.761029 1.97 0.049 .019212 6.922319 lpop | .048956 .0935455 0.52 0.601 -.1343897 .2323018 lxrate1 | -.0397754 .0295327 -1.35 0.178 -.0976585 .0181077 lremote | -.2272829 .1628721 -1.40 0.163 -.5465064 .0919407 ldist | -3.194085 .3846076 -8.30 0.000 -3.947902 -2.440268 lopen | -.0786005 .0532751 -1.48 0.140 -.1830178 .0258169 english | .5898477 .1802977 3.27 0.001 .2364706 .9432248 white | 7.689817 1.094044 7.03 0.000 5.545529 9.834104 lwhitemg | -.8290161 .1166682 -7.11 0.000 -1.057681 -.6003507 _cons | -37.04655 17.8096 -2.08 0.038 -71.95273 -2.140374------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002085 lgdp | -.001568 .004468 lgdpau | .001132 -.001435 .237771lgdpdfrati~w | -.001925 .003105 -.022923 .085098 lpopau | -.005097 .003722 -.825699 .101919 3.10122 lpop | -.000129 -.004696 .003517 -.001293 -.018444 .008751 lxrate1 | .00012 .000372 .000543 .002618 -.00598 -.000536 .000872 lremote | .00007 .000271 -.021046 .002486 .089264 -.003353 .000621 ldist | .00894 -.010169 .003904 .001841 -.030191 .004952 .002011 lopen | .000064 -.000257 .00249 .00101 -.011485 .001111 -.000366 english | -.001125 -.001269 .005715 .004262 -.044729 .00298 .001578 white | .010484 -.025095 .021715 -.004205 -.149124 .031539 .001679 lwhitemg | -.001521 .001952 -.004409 .000629 .02215 -.002004 -.000121 _cons | -.002958 .047272 7.6027 -1.26615 -30.139 .168286 .053858

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026527 ldist | .003127 .147923 lopen | -.002082 .000877 .002838 english | -.004413 .000792 -.000627 .032507 white | -.01118 .055288 .002773 .038241 1.19693 lwhitemg | .00397 -.006973 -.000608 -.001748 -.122373 .013611 _cons | -1.152 -.945834 .125179 .58839 1.46998 -.224622 317.182

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3526.63Log likelihood = -1546.969 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4622704 .0545234 8.48 0.000 .3554066 .5691343 lgdp | 1.096483 .0628786 17.44 0.000 .9732431 1.219723 lgdpau | 2.353674 2.042885 1.15 0.249 -1.650307 6.357655lgdpdfrati~w | -2.201649 .8226207 -2.68 0.007 -3.813956 -.5893419 lpopau | -8.710945 7.033796 -1.24 0.216 -22.49693 5.075042 lpop | -.1693946 .0801139 -2.11 0.034 -.326415 -.0123742 lxrate1 | -.0657709 .028211 -2.33 0.020 -.1210634 -.0104783 lremote | .0048288 .2004401 0.02 0.981 -.3880266 .3976843 ldist | -2.260346 .2355782 -9.59 0.000 -2.722071 -1.798621 lopen | .1202718 .0937376 1.28 0.199 -.0634506 .3039942 english | .670687 .180917 3.71 0.000 .3160962 1.025278 white | 2.51513 1.141806 2.20 0.028 .277231 4.753029 lwhitemg | -.2484121 .1040089 -2.39 0.017 -.4522658 -.0445584 _cons | 86.6197 64.72873 1.34 0.181 -40.24628 213.4857------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002973 lgdp | -.002005 .003954 lgdpau | -.002673 .0055 4.17338lgdpdfrati~w | -.003588 .001545 -.208684 .676705 lpopau | .008868 -.027055 -14.1554 .974095 49.4743 lpop | .000138 -.003359 -.000768 .001312 .005337 .006418 lxrate1 | .00022 .000484 .000887 -.000466 -.007124 -.000854 .000796 lremote | .004036 -.002478 .003311 -.008029 -.032048 -.000241 .000877 ldist | .006695 -.005892 -.006565 .011979 .014772 .00263 .002922 lopen | -.000406 .000777 .015182 .002745 -.079828 .001283 -.000128 english | -.003085 .002343 -.000268 .010356 .011581 -.003131 .001243 white | .019902 -.019499 .038527 -.12301 -.174676 .010232 .002274 lwhitemg | -.00183 .001309 -.003179 .010403 .014151 -.000224 -.000146 _cons | -.149033 .354736 125.504 -11.4783 -449.978 -.115 .057902

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040176 ldist | .020873 .055497 lopen | .004368 .000748 .008787 english | -.014098 .002103 -.003526 .032731 white | .077827 .031111 -.002415 -.011753 1.30372 lwhitemg | -.00446 -.000831 .000373 .001064 -.115349 .010818 _cons | -.058394 -.755813 .851349 -.094286 1.16432 -.127699 4189.81

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l

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> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1160.09Log likelihood = -1643.035 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6228188 .065085 9.57 0.000 .4952545 .750383 lgdp | .6478528 .1091359 5.94 0.000 .4339503 .8617552 lgdpau | 1.229731 1.79399 0.69 0.493 -2.286425 4.745886lgdpdfrati~w | -.0305333 .6548146 -0.05 0.963 -1.313946 1.25288 lpopau | -10.16818 6.147264 -1.65 0.098 -22.2166 1.880232 lpop | .1540735 .1082281 1.42 0.155 -.0580496 .3661967 lxrate1 | .0725809 .043535 1.67 0.095 -.0127462 .157908 lremote | -1.087246 .3079193 -3.53 0.000 -1.690757 -.4837352 ldist | -1.062361 .6003005 -1.77 0.077 -2.238929 .1142062 lopen | .2313799 .1113051 2.08 0.038 .0132259 .449534 english | .2414138 .3213785 0.75 0.453 -.3884766 .8713041 white | 12.21631 2.883407 4.24 0.000 6.564939 17.86769 lwhitemg | -1.397588 .2962344 -4.72 0.000 -1.978197 -.8169796 _cons | 140.2871 57.47021 2.44 0.015 27.6476 252.9267------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004236 lgdp | -.004588 .011911 lgdpau | .002359 -.004247 3.2184lgdpdfrati~w | -.007202 .013288 -.090373 .428782 lpopau | -.015251 .001499 -10.7589 .468829 37.7889 lpop | .000667 -.006466 -.001231 -.003006 .006015 .011713 lxrate1 | -.000125 .001377 .003383 .003779 -.025204 -.001351 .001895 lremote | .002202 .007635 -.05272 .00725 .141347 -.006549 -.000331 ldist | .022126 -.014723 -.010166 -.012796 -.075155 .01204 .001732 lopen | -.000994 .001434 -.017082 .003948 .029815 .001582 .000343 english | -.004237 .006664 .022519 .017363 -.110189 .005088 .004341 white | .017181 -.037165 .148166 -.032793 -.701816 .037536 .004025 lwhitemg | -.00173 .002398 -.017926 .002295 .083805 -.00301 -.000384 _cons | .038164 .002558 94.7598 -6.02779 -345.718 -.161032 .296819

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094814 ldist | .054418 .360361 lopen | .003098 -.003526 .012389 english | -.023378 .005512 -.001555 .103284 white | .003919 .01257 -.006014 .116978 8.31403 lwhitemg | .003722 -.00298 .000656 -.01317 -.842348 .087755 _cons | -2.38271 -2.3701 -.086527 1.12695 7.74621 -.920602 3302.82

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1954.16Log likelihood = -1444.462 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3667421 .0476011 7.70 0.000 .2734457 .4600384 lgdp | .8908871 .0822464 10.83 0.000 .729687 1.052087 lgdpau | -.264049 .4810831 -0.55 0.583 -1.206954 .6788566lgdpdfrati~w | .1896832 .2403969 0.79 0.430 -.2814861 .6608526 lpopau | -2.458089 1.7042 -1.44 0.149 -5.79826 .8820806 lpop | .1827262 .099638 1.83 0.067 -.0125607 .3780132 lxrate1 | -.0110951 .0272642 -0.41 0.684 -.0645319 .0423417 lremote | -.2273839 .157043 -1.45 0.148 -.5351826 .0804148 ldist | -2.342309 .4699782 -4.98 0.000 -3.26345 -1.421169 lopen | .0360053 .0495382 0.73 0.467 -.0610879 .1330984 english | .9670691 .2469832 3.92 0.000 .482991 1.451147 white | 11.14115 2.084883 5.34 0.000 7.054849 15.22744 lwhitemg | -1.109297 .2041099 -5.43 0.000 -1.509345 -.7092492 _cons | 50.9573 17.11182 2.98 0.003 17.41876 84.49584------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002266 lgdp | -.002379 .006764 lgdpau | .001404 -.003814 .231441lgdpdfrati~w | -.001819 .004386 -.023526 .057791 lpopau | -.006937 .013211 -.796439 .099547 2.9043 lpop | .000657 -.005759 .004803 -.00348 -.024034 .009928 lxrate1 | .000125 .000066 .001523 .00149 -.008058 -.000221 .000743 lremote | .000722 .000253 -.020107 .00206 .076208 -.00296 .00008 ldist | .007052 -.009712 .002025 -.001088 -.026291 .008396 .002383 lopen | -.00004 .000037 .001943 .000957 -.009021 .000662 -.000131 english | -.001969 .000723 .008604 .003992 -.031996 .000843 .001872 white | .00998 -.030205 .023082 -.006631 -.133419 .03438 .009957 lwhitemg | -.001179 .002021 -.003416 .000504 .01754 -.002154 -.000884 _cons | .037658 -.083947 7.31916 -1.14458 -27.6664 .192973 .066707

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024663 ldist | .009937 .22088 lopen | -.001475 -.000536 .002454 english | -.00673 .028777 -.000311 .061001 white | .032981 -.165888 -.004472 .012212 4.34674 lwhitemg | -.001188 .017557 .000201 .000644 -.421217 .041661 _cons | -1.01314 -1.78694 .106748 .0391 2.94757 -.361548 292.814

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3367.98Log likelihood = -1564.456 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4265086 .0576078 7.40 0.000 .3135993 .5394178 lgdp | 1.187749 .0692795 17.14 0.000 1.051964 1.323534 lgdpau | 2.061061 2.120256 0.97 0.331 -2.094564 6.216686lgdpdfrati~w | -2.406307 .8240031 -2.92 0.003 -4.021324 -.7912909 lpopau | -7.848064 7.296485 -1.08 0.282 -22.14891 6.452785 lpop | -.2784574 .0817149 -3.41 0.001 -.4386156 -.1182992 lxrate1 | -.0284419 .0283823 -1.00 0.316 -.0840703 .0271865 lremote | .1071134 .1950863 0.55 0.583 -.2752486 .4894755 ldist | -2.22957 .2344171 -9.51 0.000 -2.689019 -1.770121 lopen | .1173805 .0959597 1.22 0.221 -.0706971 .3054581 english | .8109621 .1966354 4.12 0.000 .4255638 1.19636 white | 2.745715 1.156479 2.37 0.018 .4790578 5.012373 lwhitemg | -.2592712 .1056356 -2.45 0.014 -.4663132 -.0522292 _cons | 78.60038 67.11376 1.17 0.242 -52.94017 210.1409------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003319 lgdp | -.002593 .0048 lgdpau | -.00351 .006479 4.49548lgdpdfrati~w | -.003883 .002762 -.212005 .678981 lpopau | .012524 -.031797 -15.2411 .970409 53.2387 lpop | .000857 -.004109 -.001134 -.000788 .007786 .006677 lxrate1 | .000043 .000678 .000893 .000392 -.00777 -.001014 .000806 lremote | .003743 -.002563 .000951 -.005832 -.022113 .001004 .000632 ldist | .006949 -.006231 -.008334 .012599 .020331 .003171 .002352 lopen | -.000457 .000748 .015912 .003455 -.083232 .001451 -.000152 english | -.004768 .004482 .002239 .013562 -.002114 -.004655 .001601 white | .018874 -.020504 .032331 -.118458 -.13777 .012759 .000145 lwhitemg | -.001767 .001416 -.002722 .010237 .011158 -.000428 .000057 _cons | -.186227 .4054 135.093 -11.3521 -484.043 -.150201 .074316

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038059 ldist | .020795 .054951 lopen | .004264 .000742 .009208 english | -.015215 .00047 -.003369 .038665 white | .075421 .010424 -.003109 -.021373 1.33744 lwhitemg | -.004452 .001174 .000448 .002104 -.118793 .011159 _cons | -.159515 -.795931 .887667 .071702 .925572 -.109478 4504.26

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 2909.76Log likelihood = -1528.568 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5437394 .0441105 12.33 0.000 .4572845 .6301944 lgdp | 1.095874 .0682055 16.07 0.000 .9621936 1.229554 lgdpau | -.432615 .6819824 -0.63 0.526 -1.769276 .904046lgdpdfrati~w | -.4558347 .4816271 -0.95 0.344 -1.399806 .4881369 lpopau | 2.193028 2.444696 0.90 0.370 -2.598488 6.984543 lpop | -.1453151 .0830368 -1.75 0.080 -.3080642 .0174339 lxrate1 | -.0330938 .0301605 -1.10 0.273 -.0922073 .0260196 lremote | -.7672957 .1927733 -3.98 0.000 -1.145124 -.389467 ldist | -2.056527 .3106516 -6.62 0.000 -2.665393 -1.447661 lopen | .0371993 .0726717 0.51 0.609 -.1052346 .1796332 english | .7805972 .2332312 3.35 0.001 .3234724 1.237722 white | 5.666591 2.049041 2.77 0.006 1.650544 9.682637 lwhitemg | -.7763268 .2095362 -3.70 0.000 -1.18701 -.3656435 _cons | -18.93143 24.47425 -0.77 0.439 -66.90009 29.03722------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001946 lgdp | -.001843 .004652 lgdpau | .000174 -.003314 .4651lgdpdfrati~w | -.003404 .003725 -.057849 .231965 lpopau | -.00092 .005749 -1.60673 .302229 5.97654 lpop | .000079 -.003242 .003852 .00087 -.020226 .006895 lxrate1 | -.000329 .000678 .001382 .002703 -.010175 -.000308 .00091 lremote | .001568 .001487 -.02778 .002422 .118417 -.004247 .000144 ldist | .006438 -.00875 -.003707 .000823 -.008267 .0105 .000742 lopen | .000098 -.000805 -.000376 .005224 -.004485 .001741 -.000308 english | -.001128 .001483 .01542 .007342 -.098241 .002996 .002935 white | .008282 -.011157 .03548 -.009615 -.239969 .018045 .006702 lwhitemg | -.000745 .000699 -.004506 .001442 .027957 -.001472 -.000489 _cons | -.031728 .011132 14.7972 -3.86073 -58.0423 .136935 .109041

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037162 ldist | .015462 .096504 lopen | -.001995 .001184 .005281 english | -.013454 .015536 -.001237 .054397 white | .009647 .059409 -.002466 .066597 4.19857 lwhitemg | .001289 -.004359 .000134 -.006659 -.423718 .043905 _cons | -1.68539 -.832471 .07959 1.09091 2.27926 -.30094 598.989

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 599.28Log likelihood = -1162.073 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4210081 .066669 6.31 0.000 .2903392 .551677 lgdp | .4066931 .1113324 3.65 0.000 .1884856 .6249006 lgdpau | -2.85507 1.276723 -2.24 0.025 -5.357402 -.3527385lgdpdfrati~w | -1.391466 .5971978 -2.33 0.020 -2.561952 -.2209798 lpopau | 12.30419 4.362124 2.82 0.005 3.754586 20.8538 lpop | .119586 .1097551 1.09 0.276 -.0955301 .334702 lxrate1 | -.098535 .0393328 -2.51 0.012 -.1756259 -.0214441 lremote | -.1283168 .3067975 -0.42 0.676 -.7296288 .4729952 ldist | -1.928042 .4098496 -4.70 0.000 -2.731333 -1.124752 lopen | -.1560633 .1511967 -1.03 0.302 -.4524035 .1402768 english | .6656587 .2513192 2.65 0.008 .1730821 1.158235 white | 12.16107 1.379669 8.81 0.000 9.456971 14.86518 lwhitemg | -1.307673 .1174276 -11.14 0.000 -1.537827 -1.077519 _cons | -115.6398 40.6606 -2.84 0.004 -195.3332 -35.94653------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004445 lgdp | -.004106 .012395 lgdpau | -.005272 .007504 1.63002lgdpdfrati~w | -.002976 .002576 .061181 .356645 lpopau | .018644 -.041225 -5.4122 -.049704 19.0281 lpop | .000144 -.007048 .000074 .000044 -.001064 .012046 lxrate1 | -.000321 .00197 .000691 .000564 -.006836 -.00205 .001547 lremote | .002492 .001185 -.03676 -.059715 .021177 -.002649 .001258 ldist | .015617 -.012251 -.022633 -.012833 .044548 .009727 .000389 lopen | .000399 -.00025 .008835 -.001029 -.0823 .004458 -.00079 english | -.005831 .009577 .01102 .016185 -.022747 -.003558 .003292 white | .020448 -.040144 -.022768 -.055918 .074973 .04531 -.005824 lwhitemg | -.002223 .00222 -.001598 -.000624 -.000227 -.003339 .000619 _cons | -.273316 .436554 47.3515 -.556724 -173.505 -.07464 .062854

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094125 ldist | .025455 .167977 lopen | .00823 .004558 .02286 english | -.016558 -.005522 -.010728 .063161 white | .032684 .141992 -.00787 .073329 1.90349 lwhitemg | .00523 -.015721 .000684 -.007782 -.151116 .013789 _cons | -.385979 -1.92332 .975808 .09932 -2.20942 .170316 1653.28

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1257.01Log likelihood = -951.7522 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2418869 .0406677 5.95 0.000 .1621797 .3215942 lgdp | .2942592 .0887931 3.31 0.001 .1202279 .4682905 lgdpau | -2.716228 1.114031 -2.44 0.015 -4.899689 -.5327662

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lgdpdfrati~w | -4.452424 .4653888 -9.57 0.000 -5.364569 -3.540279 lpopau | 10.43064 3.846632 2.71 0.007 2.89138 17.9699 lpop | .1704642 .0714237 2.39 0.017 .0304764 .310452 lxrate1 | -.0742296 .0269322 -2.76 0.006 -.1270158 -.0214434 lremote | .5182554 .1708962 3.03 0.002 .183305 .8532058 ldist | -2.434439 .2239089 -10.87 0.000 -2.873292 -1.995585 lopen | -.088438 .0532551 -1.66 0.097 -.1928161 .0159401 english | .3352441 .1527009 2.20 0.028 .0359559 .6345324 white | 9.172548 .8017983 11.44 0.000 7.601052 10.74404 lwhitemg | -.8172048 .0707704 -11.55 0.000 -.9559123 -.6784974 _cons | -81.73449 35.78442 -2.28 0.022 -151.8707 -11.59831------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001654 lgdp | -.002454 .007884 lgdpau | -.002543 .006154 1.24107lgdpdfrati~w | -.002353 .004979 -.045032 .216587 lpopau | .011296 -.031567 -4.20325 .225027 14.7966 lpop | .001577 -.005487 -.002892 -.003226 .013829 .005101 lxrate1 | -.000194 .001241 .000995 .000671 -.007035 -.000982 .000725 lremote | .001985 -.003703 -.004368 -.013126 -.005965 .003394 -.000112 ldist | .005417 -.008599 -.011966 -.008699 .050277 .006753 -.000606 lopen | -.000089 .000115 .004644 .001983 -.023293 .000717 -.000079 english | -.001738 .003479 .001374 .003313 -.000894 -.00138 .000608 white | .014468 -.030114 -.025053 -.029566 .082127 .031108 -.005508 lwhitemg | -.00107 .001229 .001082 .000427 -.003748 -.001763 .000333 _cons | -.166811 .390404 37.2913 -2.62961 -135.484 -.206992 .082987

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .029206 ldist | .018394 .050135 lopen | .000721 .000322 .002836 english | -.00197 .008009 -.000669 .023318 white | .058445 .069582 .002338 .00128 .64288 lwhitemg | -.002514 -.004695 -.000303 -.000037 -.052973 .005008 _cons | -.184998 -1.09731 .24267 -.142201 -1.74862 .10696 1280.52

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 708.30Log likelihood = -1440.435 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3078745 .0878608 3.50 0.000 .1356706 .4800784 lgdp | .3590886 .1416905 2.53 0.011 .0813803 .6367969 lgdpau | -.7294923 1.196794 -0.61 0.542 -3.075165 1.616181lgdpdfrati~w | -.8262897 .5869771 -1.41 0.159 -1.976744 .3241643 lpopau | 9.615943 4.051231 2.37 0.018 1.675677 17.55621 lpop | -.0299683 .1381029 -0.22 0.828 -.3006451 .2407085 lxrate1 | -.0879957 .0466217 -1.89 0.059 -.1793725 .0033812

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lremote | .3354407 .2579198 1.30 0.193 -.1700728 .8409542 ldist | -2.16777 .4636505 -4.68 0.000 -3.076508 -1.259031 lopen | -.2734752 .1760972 -1.55 0.120 -.6186194 .071669 english | 1.552223 .316029 4.91 0.000 .9328177 2.171628 white | 19.53556 1.806859 10.81 0.000 15.99418 23.07694 lwhitemg | -1.889946 .1727386 -10.94 0.000 -2.228507 -1.551385 _cons | -127.2617 37.91366 -3.36 0.001 -201.5711 -52.95225------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00772 lgdp | -.009552 .020076 lgdpau | -.010133 .011037 1.43232lgdpdfrati~w | -.002611 -.002305 .127111 .344542 lpopau | .032414 -.029351 -4.67534 -.227775 16.4125 lpop | .002971 -.011971 -.001087 .002067 -.019557 .019072 lxrate1 | .000459 .001101 -.000212 -.000036 .003014 -.002034 .002174 lremote | .002627 .001975 -.042541 -.056837 -.000715 -.000868 -.000364 ldist | .019676 -.021303 -.04637 -.033567 .080518 .021131 .00201 lopen | -.000728 -.000292 .008587 -.005626 -.095142 .007482 -.001148 english | -.010869 .010076 .012161 .004399 -.058903 .002729 .00308 white | .034453 -.074552 -.043701 -.048086 .02102 .080704 .001621 lwhitemg | -.003191 .005232 .000455 .000452 -.005003 -.006074 -.000207 _cons | -.354908 .167255 40.482 .923723 -149.469 .121258 -.065953

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .066523 ldist | .04341 .214972 lopen | .011422 .005529 .03101 english | -.004623 .01482 -.006563 .099874 white | .037772 .163862 .001114 .110995 3.26474 lwhitemg | .000643 -.013759 .000472 -.007968 -.303856 .029839 _cons | .164855 -2.48915 1.126 .300854 -.882615 .197214 1437.45

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 877.94Log likelihood = -257.9437 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0008138 .0149459 0.05 0.957 -.0284796 .0301072 lgdp | .0369575 .0389222 0.95 0.342 -.0393286 .1132436 lgdpau | .0358071 .2704597 0.13 0.895 -.4942841 .5658983lgdpdfrati~w | -.0939615 .1489605 -0.63 0.528 -.3859187 .1979956 lpopau | 3.078668 .9767548 3.15 0.002 1.164264 4.993072 lpop | .2395186 .0489175 4.90 0.000 .143642 .3353951 lxrate1 | -.0349543 .0133442 -2.62 0.009 -.0611084 -.0088002 lremote | -.0693533 .0948739 -0.73 0.465 -.2553027 .116596 ldist | -3.390523 .3296877 -10.28 0.000 -4.0367 -2.744347 lopen | -.0377684 .0274673 -1.38 0.169 -.0916033 .0160666 english | 1.291782 .1484807 8.70 0.000 1.000766 1.582799 white | 19.62965 1.261414 15.56 0.000 17.15732 22.10197 lwhitemg | -1.577865 .1185051 -13.31 0.000 -1.810131 -1.3456 _cons | -22.80302 10.83493 -2.10 0.035 -44.03909 -1.566951

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000223 lgdp | -.000139 .001515 lgdpau | .000248 -.000766 .073148lgdpdfrati~w | -.00021 .00039 -.005603 .022189 lpopau | -.001132 .003573 -.249692 .027476 .95405 lpop | -.00008 -.001179 -.000098 .000115 -.002439 .002393 lxrate1 | .000018 -5.1e-06 .000333 .000324 -.003008 .000035 .000178 lremote | .000158 .000796 -.005805 -.000445 .017263 -.00009 .000081 ldist | .001007 .001982 -.007023 -.000107 .025888 -.000196 -.000384 lopen | .000025 -.000072 .000166 .000134 -.002175 .000146 -4.9e-06 english | -.000271 .000416 -.000976 -.000552 .011316 .000866 -.000017 white | .00065 -.005558 .000861 -.003778 -.023796 .009718 .000391 lwhitemg | -.000104 .00013 -.000248 .000259 .001371 -.000669 5.7e-06 _cons | .004775 -.08032 2.36359 -.337136 -9.73062 .035104 .042676

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009001 ldist | .010171 .108694 lopen | -.000043 -.000389 .000754 english | .001257 .017747 -.000444 .022047 white | .007238 .0259 -.000124 .031565 1.59116 lwhitemg | -.000347 -.004226 .000051 -.003506 -.145024 .014043 _cons | -.327747 -1.42381 .035321 -.367453 .025683 .035435 117.396

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 756.49Log likelihood = -1312.208 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2123171 .0576702 3.68 0.000 .0992855 .3253487 lgdp | .6958838 .1149806 6.05 0.000 .470526 .9212416 lgdpau | -5.405622 1.924708 -2.81 0.005 -9.177981 -1.633263lgdpdfrati~w | .0631551 .8585482 0.07 0.941 -1.619568 1.745879 lpopau | 16.38788 6.667685 2.46 0.014 3.319454 29.4563 lpop | .1360528 .1271532 1.07 0.285 -.113163 .3852685 lxrate1 | -.0533745 .0371741 -1.44 0.151 -.1262344 .0194853 lremote | -.911556 .3391948 -2.69 0.007 -1.576366 -.2467464 ldist | -2.998108 .4291933 -6.99 0.000 -3.839311 -2.156904 lopen | -.2954434 .1851555 -1.60 0.111 -.6583415 .0674547 english | .288307 .2677911 1.08 0.282 -.2365539 .8131679 white | 10.71026 1.53114 6.99 0.000 7.70928 13.71124 lwhitemg | -1.229531 .1589241 -7.74 0.000 -1.541016 -.9180455 _cons | -108.1758 62.27407 -1.74 0.082 -230.2308 13.87913------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003326

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lgdp | -.004602 .013221 lgdpau | -.004205 .009022 3.7045lgdpdfrati~w | -.005503 .005764 -.088236 .737105 lpopau | .017924 -.056361 -12.534 .605475 44.458 lpop | .001821 -.009218 .002722 -.002843 -.018748 .016168 lxrate1 | -.000494 .001814 .001697 .004191 -.010416 -.001434 .001382 lremote | .005195 -.009116 -.018089 -.05855 .022577 .001354 -.006016 ldist | .015765 -.019452 -.011753 -.039268 -.024043 .012956 -.002765 lopen | -.000313 .000275 .022917 -.003489 -.180984 .007793 -.001163 english | -.001716 .005881 .003747 .017503 -.013496 -.000277 .003631 white | .029679 -.060366 -.027421 -.031267 .180769 .0622 -.004487 lwhitemg | -.002419 .003338 -.000459 -.002116 -.003628 -.00481 -.000202 _cons | -.320648 .824729 110.892 -7.68866 -408.117 .060698 .182385

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .115053 ldist | .050318 .184207 lopen | .01767 .01156 .034283 english | -.017795 .017343 -.007973 .071712 white | .063974 .190851 -.007135 .106056 2.34439 lwhitemg | .004787 -.017188 .001521 -.013201 -.232817 .025257 _cons | -1.15194 -1.28892 2.04341 -.050341 -4.45346 .215562 3878.06

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 287.29Log likelihood = -724.4014 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .057652 .0441503 1.31 0.192 -.028881 .144185 lgdp | .0605332 .1107224 0.55 0.585 -.1564787 .2775451 lgdpau | -.0400635 .8747071 -0.05 0.963 -1.754458 1.674331lgdpdfrati~w | .2569825 .3076349 0.84 0.404 -.3459708 .8599359 lpopau | -1.482273 3.004375 -0.49 0.622 -7.370741 4.406195 lpop | .6689479 .11957 5.59 0.000 .434595 .9033008 lxrate1 | .0430653 .0329388 1.31 0.191 -.0214935 .1076241 lremote | -.2765375 .2943826 -0.94 0.348 -.8535168 .3004419 ldist | -2.242481 .5890484 -3.81 0.000 -3.396995 -1.087968 lopen | .0079916 .0651816 0.12 0.902 -.1197619 .1357451 english | 1.604908 .3792381 4.23 0.000 .8616147 2.348201 white | 14.77528 2.453576 6.02 0.000 9.966357 19.5842 lwhitemg | -1.159456 .2260244 -5.13 0.000 -1.602456 -.7164568 _cons | 38.15328 28.8946 1.32 0.187 -18.4791 94.78566------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001949 lgdp | -.001561 .012259 lgdpau | .001546 -.001278 .765112lgdpdfrati~w | -.001647 .002387 -.026105 .094639 lpopau | -.011409 -.007245 -2.55591 .092621 9.02627 lpop | .000183 -.00927 -.001079 -.000044 .007556 .014297

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lxrate1 | .00014 .000381 .001338 .002127 -.00997 -.000519 .001085 lremote | .000975 .007492 -.042888 -.01453 .133896 -.006035 -.000892 ldist | .007451 .002037 -.00468 -.004334 -.051884 .007003 .001982 lopen | .000135 -.000444 -.002581 .005155 .00503 .001152 -.000077

english | -.004026 -.007452 .006709 .008141 -.022751 .012358 .002335 white | .005458 -.060216 .045387 -.006498 -.163583 .073112 .001093 lwhitemg | -.000841 .002959 -.007731 -.000411 .032951 -.005261 -.000172 _cons | .094375 -.051978 22.8059 -.828951 -83.3672 -.129231 .112021

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .086661 ldist | .030641 .346978 lopen | .000082 .000463 .004249 english | -.020978 .070987 -.000667 .143822 white | -.027288 .132862 .003996 .213222 6.02004 lwhitemg | .006293 -.018423 -.000295 -.019984 -.533131 .051087 _cons | -2.20489 -2.8089 -.032615 -.35111 .606419 -.198596 834.898

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 234.75Log likelihood = -743.705 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0007536 .0374242 0.02 0.984 -.0725965 .0741037 lgdp | .03557 .074993 0.47 0.635 -.1114136 .1825535 lgdpau | .0314586 .6261713 0.05 0.960 -1.195814 1.258732lgdpdfrati~w | .0387916 .2183788 0.18 0.859 -.389223 .4668061 lpopau | .0484974 2.165436 0.02 0.982 -4.19568 4.292674 lpop | .5533313 .090557 6.11 0.000 .3758429 .7308198 lxrate1 | -.0005837 .0203062 -0.03 0.977 -.0403832 .0392158 lremote | .2460968 .2240781 1.10 0.272 -.1930882 .6852817 ldist | -2.741912 .3926659 -6.98 0.000 -3.511523 -1.972301 lopen | .0105053 .0416916 0.25 0.801 -.0712088 .0922194 english | .6416949 .3172259 2.02 0.043 .0199435 1.263446 white | -.4401246 1.785065 -0.25 0.805 -3.938788 3.058539 lwhitemg | .1193124 .1775353 0.67 0.502 -.2286503 .4672752 _cons | 14.13365 21.31172 0.66 0.507 -27.63656 55.90385------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001401 lgdp | -.000857 .005624 lgdpau | -.00011 .001237 .39209lgdpdfrati~w | -.00024 .00007 -.026948 .047689 lpopau | -.005453 -.006447 -1.31133 .089421 4.68911 lpop | -.000138 -.003951 -.000848 -.000425 -.004332 .008201 lxrate1 | .000121 .000017 -.000189 .001106 -.002857 -.000148 .000412 lremote | .001795 .003031 -.02588 -.006825 .080041 -.002412 -.000158 ldist | .004022 -.001595 -.015144 -.001925 .038227 .000713 .000462 lopen | -.000052 .000246 .002436 .000298 -.009678 .000368 -.000022 english | -.00291 -.002617 -.000315 .001666 .009969 .002926 .000689 white | .003874 -.025343 -.005663 -.010143 -.061882 .033223 .002002

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lwhitemg | -.000511 .001276 -.002108 .000561 .015636 -.002219 -.000159 _cons | .054296 .003282 11.8508 -.742607 -44.3037 .070243 .048189

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .050211 ldist | .027126 .154187 lopen | .000249 -.000746 .001738 english | -.00872 .04451 -.001151 .100632 white | .027869 .023975 -.00077 .124552 3.18646 lwhitemg | -.000118 -.001454 .000068 -.011157 -.307406 .031519 _cons | -1.37723 -1.95088 .091 -.504183 .701496 -.178482 454.189

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 589.02Log likelihood = -1039.005 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0943772 .0754215 1.25 0.211 -.0534464 .2422007 lgdp | .5757779 .1384612 4.16 0.000 .3043989 .8471569 lgdpau | -.615763 .8598407 -0.72 0.474 -2.30102 1.069494lgdpdfrati~w | -.6692045 .3822132 -1.75 0.080 -1.418329 .0799196 lpopau | 7.243626 2.911696 2.49 0.013 1.536808 12.95044 lpop | .2697922 .1241439 2.17 0.030 .0264746 .5131098 lxrate1 | -.1521379 .0349389 -4.35 0.000 -.220617 -.0836588 lremote | .1713349 .237842 0.72 0.471 -.2948269 .6374967 ldist | -3.271516 .406112 -8.06 0.000 -4.067481 -2.475551 lopen | .1088196 .0920562 1.18 0.237 -.0716072 .2892465 english | .6414794 .261029 2.46 0.014 .129872 1.153087 white | 12.62975 1.899859 6.65 0.000 8.906092 16.3534 lwhitemg | -1.196402 .1802182 -6.64 0.000 -1.549623 -.8431803 _cons | -87.51547 27.47704 -3.19 0.001 -141.3695 -33.66147------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005688 lgdp | -.006324 .019172 lgdpau | -.004887 .005796 .739326lgdpdfrati~w | -.000188 -.001517 .035225 .146087 lpopau | .015507 -.030526 -2.418 -.042966 8.47797 lpop | .001431 -.011903 -.00101 .001972 .004317 .015412 lxrate1 | .000476 .001031 .000503 .000559 -.003762 -.001315 .001221 lremote | .000925 .006528 -.031987 -.027724 .023368 -.006278 .001807 ldist | .014019 -.010622 -.024036 -.005246 .074176 .00167 .000312 lopen | -.000149 .000267 .002279 .002382 -.02871 .001896 -.000499 english | -.005244 .016795 -.000353 -.004691 -.007775 -.0124 -.000387 white | .031234 -.052322 -.061634 -.042511 .095703 .046003 -.002242 lwhitemg | -.002844 .002285 .002425 .001266 -.003571 -.002122 .000097 _cons | -.1861 .182573 21.1038 -.063004 -77.5869 .016125 .020736

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .056569 ldist | .021193 .164927

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lopen | .00231 -.000311 .008474 english | .009477 .027648 -.003728 .068136 white | .054208 .101652 -.003902 .036976 3.60947 lwhitemg | -.001313 -.010832 .000215 -.006008 -.331652 .032479 _cons | -.280159 -2.23153 .371173 -.375058 -1.13917 .112537 754.987

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 757.98Log likelihood = -1131.592 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2535588 .0743992 3.41 0.001 .107739 .3993786 lgdp | .5693642 .1099749 5.18 0.000 .3538173 .784911 lgdpau | .2946014 1.172229 0.25 0.802 -2.002926 2.592129lgdpdfrati~w | -.9637562 .5656797 -1.70 0.088 -2.072468 .1449557 lpopau | 2.032868 3.990159 0.51 0.610 -5.787699 9.853436 lpop | .0154884 .1173997 0.13 0.895 -.2146108 .2455875 lxrate1 | -.0287263 .03755 -0.77 0.444 -.102323 .0448704 lremote | .3746711 .2796481 1.34 0.180 -.1734291 .9227713 ldist | -2.774158 .4291901 -6.46 0.000 -3.615355 -1.932961 lopen | -.108918 .0989849 -1.10 0.271 -.3029249 .0850888 english | 1.167989 .283853 4.11 0.000 .6116469 1.72433 white | 11.85293 1.366559 8.67 0.000 9.174522 14.53133 lwhitemg | -1.157378 .131682 -8.79 0.000 -1.41547 -.8992863 _cons | -27.71844 37.33899 -0.74 0.458 -100.9015 45.46464------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005535

lgdp | -.005298 .012094 lgdpau | -.005791 .008633 1.37412lgdpdfrati~w | -.003837 .004513 .048685 .319994 lpopau | .015311 -.031309 -4.5363 .020374 15.9214 lpop | .001007 -.008589 -.003636 -.000626 .008217 .013783 lxrate1 | .00052 .000728 .001419 .000277 -.009356 -.001177 .00141 lremote | .004717 -.002338 -.032146 -.049443 -.000026 -.00137 .001727 ldist | .01526 -.010717 -.030176 -.026575 .065398 .003705 .000414 lopen | -.000338 .000935 .001009 .000484 -.029106 .00107 -.000377 english | -.005726 .010147 .00511 .000408 -.00585 -.005601 -.00057 white | .028727 -.050677 -.056584 -.04392 .102863 .05294 -.001352 lwhitemg | -.002444 .002945 .002174 -.000563 -.006965 -.003586 .000171 _cons | -.21655 .301221 39.6099 -1.33818 -145.332 -.087786 .093152

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .078203 ldist | .045005 .184204 lopen | .0045 .00126 .009798 english | .001394 .031329 -.00368 .080573 white | .077534 .11274 -.008416 .031722 1.86748 lwhitemg | -.001422 -.010613 .000532 -.004318 -.172294 .01734 _cons | -.174542 -2.33069 .379687 -.471608 -1.82675 .180218 1394.2

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. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 416.01Log likelihood = -1183.795 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1971732 .0508088 3.88 0.000 .0975899 .2967566 lgdp | .2736214 .1037636 2.64 0.008 .0702486 .4769943 lgdpau | -2.228597 1.378588 -1.62 0.106 -4.93058 .4733858lgdpdfrati~w | -2.191523 .6260008 -3.50 0.000 -3.418462 -.9645842 lpopau | 7.114458 4.709615 1.51 0.131 -2.116218 16.34513 lpop | .1288042 .0777903 1.66 0.098 -.0236619 .2812704 lxrate1 | -.1109211 .0383535 -2.89 0.004 -.1860926 -.0357496 lremote | 1.027018 .2657375 3.86 0.000 .5061822 1.547854 ldist | -1.52425 .4117349 -3.70 0.000 -2.331236 -.7172648 lopen | -.0339536 .115423 -0.29 0.769 -.2601786 .1922714 english | .5386514 .1869204 2.88 0.004 .172294 .9050087 white | 7.481539 1.349218 5.55 0.000 4.837119 10.12596 lwhitemg | -.5822164 .130776 -4.45 0.000 -.8385326 -.3259001 _cons | -54.78545 43.67589 -1.25 0.210 -140.3886 30.81773------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002582 lgdp | -.002589 .010767 lgdpau | -.00377 .006395 1.90051lgdpdfrati~w | -.001441 -.00018 .08448 .391877 lpopau | .013782 -.039225 -6.34352 -.135184 22.1805 lpop | .000563 -.005521 -.00056 -.000836 .004086 .006051 lxrate1 | .000238 .001484 .00087 .000825 -.006289 -.001509 .001471 lremote | .000596 .001148 -.028365 -.047757 .044482 .00121 -.000891 ldist | .012144 -.005841 -.025959 -.026011 .045384 .004866 .001954 lopen | -.000108 .000562 .009525 .000624 -.063876 .002767 -.000494

english | -.002998 .005114 .007257 .007037 -.024038 .000847 .001054 white | .012973 -.030274 -.027861 -.057119 .081592 .02999 -.004635 lwhitemg | -.001425 .000905 -.000695 .000904 .003812 -.001733 .000036 _cons | -.215643 .382016 55.6676 .306442 -201.588 -.076044 .053717

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .070616 ldist | .041779 .169526 lopen | .005229 .007444 .013322 english | -.008001 .000056 -.002131 .034939 white | .048134 .108472 .003748 .044851 1.82039 lwhitemg | .001365 -.011113 -.000443 -.004878 -.167037 .017102 _cons | -1.00458 -2.04785 .648584 .140185 -1.90058 .065526 1907.58

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 525.31Log likelihood = -966.4325 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1096442 .0494523 2.22 0.027 .0127195 .206569 lgdp | .4840208 .0990706 4.89 0.000 .2898461 .6781956 lgdpau | -1.325828 1.347165 -0.98 0.325 -3.966223 1.314566lgdpdfrati~w | -1.145206 .5551284 -2.06 0.039 -2.233238 -.0571741 lpopau | 4.368482 4.63035 0.94 0.345 -4.706837 13.4438 lpop | .087452 .0926034 0.94 0.345 -.0940473 .2689513 lxrate1 | -.0348702 .0382592 -0.91 0.362 -.1098568 .0401164 lremote | -.8320166 .2987183 -2.79 0.005 -1.417494 -.2465395 ldist | -3.249518 .3910429 -8.31 0.000 -4.015948 -2.483088 lopen | -.057627 .1070799 -0.54 0.590 -.2674998 .1522458 english | .6391293 .1973233 3.24 0.001 .2523827 1.025876 white | 11.12042 1.690649 6.58 0.000 7.806807 14.43403 lwhitemg | -1.095313 .1506824 -7.27 0.000 -1.390645 -.7999811 _cons | -6.944223 43.38098 -0.16 0.873 -91.96938 78.08094------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002446 lgdp | -.002524 .009815 lgdpau | -.003012 .005983 1.81485lgdpdfrati~w | -.001093 .000255 -.033579 .308168 lpopau | .010768 -.029285 -6.0949 .194536 21.4401 lpop | -.000087 -.005596 -.001402 .000384 .005248 .008575 lxrate1 | -.000015 .001446 .002201 .001667 -.012918 -.00143 .001464 lremote | .003347 -.000149 -.019156 -.035797 .048236 -.001427 -.001592 ldist | .010341 -.008488 -.020658 -.012404 .060442 .001503 -.001152 lopen | -.000219 -.000204 .006078 .005241 -.050275 .002327 -.000071 english | -.002626 .003237 .007403 .006702 -.024937 -.001179 .002216 white | .011484 -.034575 .019619 -.022578 -.01863 .034736 -.005615 lwhitemg | -.000922 .001103 -.003346 -.00052 .007895 -.002077 .00031 _cons | -.182076 .288299 53.7928 -2.24273 -196.544 -.056596 .165015

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089233 ldist | .043205 .152915 lopen | .003279 .001738 .011466 english | -.01985 .002874 -.002622 .038936 white | .032121 .092639 -.001104 .031432 2.85829 lwhitemg | .001858 -.008155 .000226 -.003241 -.245878 .022705 _cons | -1.43619 -2.17553 .603128 .296426 -1.20315 .033938 1881.91

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 812.06Log likelihood = -1564.104 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .418872 .06776 6.18 0.000 .2860649 .5516791 lgdp | .1868083 .1255371 1.49 0.137 -.0592399 .4328565 lgdpau | -2.19581 1.6824 -1.31 0.192 -5.493253 1.101632lgdpdfrati~w | -.9836663 .5592541 -1.76 0.079 -2.079784 .1124515 lpopau | 18.05031 5.739866 3.14 0.002 6.800382 29.30024 lpop | .5092575 .1185148 4.30 0.000 .2769727 .7415423 lxrate1 | -.120439 .0419 -2.87 0.004 -.2025615 -.0383165 lremote | .3429072 .3100798 1.11 0.269 -.264838 .9506524 ldist | -1.998075 .4477776 -4.46 0.000 -2.875704 -1.120447 lopen | -.1323769 .1380593 -0.96 0.338 -.4029682 .1382144 english | .2245981 .2742055 0.82 0.413 -.3128348 .762031 white | 17.23233 2.536067 6.79 0.000 12.26173 22.20293 lwhitemg | -1.637239 .245894 -6.66 0.000 -2.119182 -1.155296 _cons | -235.5153 53.32327 -4.42 0.000 -340.027 -131.0036------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004591 lgdp | -.005023 .01576 lgdpau | -.00587 .008251 2.83047lgdpdfrati~w | -.002258 .003021 -.037618 .312765 lpopau | .018725 -.042487 -9.42843 .132494 32.9461 lpop | .001498 -.010432 -.003313 -.001735 .009659 .014046 lxrate1 | -.000168 .00171 -.00092 .003383 -.005259 -.00144 .001756 lremote | .005082 -.00142 -.0472 -.017657 .060849 .00151 .001297 ldist | .017053 -.011389 -.03443 -.002049 .099168 .008815 -.000536 lopen | -.000395 -.000177 .006254 .008553 -.042661 .003726 -.000307 english | -.003688 .010123 .007855 .001387 -.053545 -.00544 .001785 white | .016706 -.043851 -.061313 -.045803 -.060332 .054843 .004394 lwhitemg | -.001295 .001442 .000629 .00159 .013757 -.002762 -.000385 _cons | -.299147 .43638 82.8289 -1.38381 -300.214 -.15659 .079635

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .096149 ldist | .046406 .200505 lopen | .00585 .003919 .01906 english | -.010843 .027141 -.005016 .075189 white | .137059 -.011932 .000464 -.016915 6.43163 lwhitemg | -.004972 .001787 .000096 .001085 -.612326 .060464 _cons | -1.05571 -3.04566 .407943 .363893 1.55676 -.198053 2843.37

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Cameroon

. drop if ccode==451160(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491195.3 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.85 117038.6 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.82 16.81986 103.0148 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1039.919 10901.96 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6728.991 4145.161 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13359.65 3531.073 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7101061 .3894829 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.053756 .180515 1.019483 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404944.2 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.77 27125.19 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.9657 17.17309 101.7714 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1179.316 11682.05 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7153.815 4116.501 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13188.56 3419.801 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.2961 241.8606 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7178018 .410912 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.045506 .1853968 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

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. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6587.57Log likelihood = -988.7675 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5009138 .0432649 11.58 0.000 .4161162 .5857114 lgdp | 1.083217 .0431412 25.11 0.000 .9986616 1.167772 lgdpau | -3.393726 .8858484 -3.83 0.000 -5.129957 -1.657495lgdpdfrati~w | -2.045823 .3369307 -6.07 0.000 -2.706195 -1.385451 lpopau | 4.634746 3.086169 1.50 0.133 -1.414034 10.68353 lpop | .0063916 .0458443 0.14 0.889 -.0834615 .0962447 lxrate1 | .0032239 .0172094 0.19 0.851 -.030506 .0369538 lremote | .102801 .0777782 1.32 0.186 -.0496415 .2552434 ldist | -1.499217 .1663542 -9.01 0.000 -1.825266 -1.173169 lopen | .8476949 .0786421 10.78 0.000 .6935591 1.001831 english | .3223917 .1211056 2.66 0.008 .0850291 .5597542 white | 3.205588 .6124662 5.23 0.000 2.005176 4.406 lwhitemg | -.3862035 .0559972 -6.90 0.000 -.495956 -.276451 _cons | 7.76057 28.59202 0.27 0.786 -48.27877 63.79991------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001872 lgdp | -.001142 .001861 lgdpau | -.00293 .002892 .784727lgdpdfrati~w | .000592 -.001286 -.031466 .113522 lpopau | .009897 -.011291 -2.68745 .159748 9.52444 lpop | -2.9e-06 -.000875 .000808 -.000075 -.006392 .002102 lxrate1 | -.000026 .0003 .00018 -.00011 -.0011 -.000163 .000296 lremote | -.000097 .001425 .004973 -.002136 -.027899 -.000147 .000276 ldist | .00465 -.002223 -.003056 .001826 -.005393 .001163 .000333 lopen | -.000156 .000126 .009593 -.002156 -.05474 .000909 -.000016 english | -.001862 .002875 -.001494 .000469 .015741 -.001305 .000472 white | .007399 -.001475 -.001172 -.00738 -.019437 .010713 .001676 lwhitemg | -.000884 .00023 .000287 .000517 .001504 -.00094 -.000133 _cons | -.118509 .098031 23.9653 -1.91888 -87.1631 .063121 .002742

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006049 ldist | .004694 .027674 lopen | .002615 .003 .006185 english | -.000376 -.000259 -.003959 .014667 white | .012014 .032295 .000576 .002519 .375115 lwhitemg | -.001083 -.003531 -.000154 .000091 -.033951 .003136 _cons | .208034 -.13615 .598877 -.261362 -.268239 .028275 817.504

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8239.56Log likelihood = -1434.653 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2866362 .0442056 6.48 0.000 .1999949 .3732775 lgdp | 1.11204 .0652555 17.04 0.000 .9841417 1.239939 lgdpau | .0506934 .604174 0.08 0.933 -1.133466 1.234853lgdpdfrati~w | -.228145 .2913833 -0.78 0.434 -.7992458 .3429559 lpopau | 1.506969 2.144974 0.70 0.482 -2.697103 5.711042 lpop | .0603111 .0922716 0.65 0.513 -.120538 .2411602 lxrate1 | -.0267485 .0301603 -0.89 0.375 -.0858617 .0323646 lremote | -.3408519 .1729187 -1.97 0.049 -.6797662 -.0019376 ldist | -3.250162 .3779938 -8.60 0.000 -3.991016 -2.509307 lopen | -.0687955 .0600766 -1.15 0.252 -.1865435 .0489525 english | .7176744 .1797211 3.99 0.000 .3654274 1.069921 white | 7.730194 1.053085 7.34 0.000 5.666185 9.794203 lwhitemg | -.832238 .1116159 -7.46 0.000 -1.051001 -.6134749 _cons | -15.49941 21.1024 -0.73 0.463 -56.85936 25.86053------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001954 lgdp | -.001443 .004258 lgdpau | .001233 -.000461 .365026lgdpdfrati~w | -.001634 .002704 -.026635 .084904 lpopau | -.007165 .002288 -1.25148 .114325 4.60092 lpop | -.000113 -.0046 .002131 -.00115 -.015476 .008514 lxrate1 | .000142 .000386 .000742 .002395 -.006743 -.000551 .00091 lremote | .000037 .000335 -.02224 .003609 .091414 -.003511 .000526 ldist | .008382 -.010302 .003602 .003335 -.035809 .005564 .002373 lopen | .000019 -2.1e-06 .002236 .001223 -.012413 .000921 -.000284 english | -.001095 -.001553 .005628 .003642 -.039567 .003076 .00161 white | .009959 -.023933 .018294 -.002096 -.153657 .030567 .001876 lwhitemg | -.001457 .001842 -.004503 .00051 .02402 -.00194 -.000172 _cons | .031796 .049167 11.3424 -1.39263 -43.8326 .152236 .058616

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .029901 ldist | .002702 .142879 lopen | -.000943 .00107 .003609 english | -.005888 .000525 -.000887 .0323 white | -.013004 .055867 .001879 .037994 1.10899 lwhitemg | .004447 -.006769 -.000463 -.001735 -.112324 .012458 _cons | -1.18029 -.797574 .132927 .524917 1.63581 -.258055 445.311

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3270.59Log likelihood = -1541.033 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4085693 .0554376 7.37 0.000 .2999137 .5172249 lgdp | 1.112047 .0639938 17.38 0.000 .9866213 1.237472 lgdpau | 2.279132 2.042661 1.12 0.265 -1.724409 6.282673lgdpdfrati~w | -2.312881 .8212255 -2.82 0.005 -3.922453 -.7033081 lpopau | -8.395876 7.032514 -1.19 0.233 -22.17935 5.387598 lpop | -.1629386 .0800094 -2.04 0.042 -.3197541 -.0061231 lxrate1 | -.0687689 .028403 -2.42 0.015 -.1244378 -.0131 lremote | -.0813125 .203068 -0.40 0.689 -.4793184 .3166935 ldist | -2.318161 .2357864 -9.83 0.000 -2.780294 -1.856029 lopen | .0732992 .0892263 0.82 0.411 -.1015811 .2481795 english | .8204446 .185218 4.43 0.000 .4574241 1.183465 white | 2.132478 1.164181 1.83 0.067 -.1492741 4.41423 lwhitemg | -.2118194 .1060437 -2.00 0.046 -.4196613 -.0039775 _cons | 84.64718 64.7321 1.31 0.191 -42.2254 211.5198------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003073 lgdp | -.002164 .004095 lgdpau | -.002656 .005408 4.17246lgdpdfrati~w | -.00415 .001853 -.205228 .674411 lpopau | .008957 -.027088 -14.148 .960849 49.4563 lpop | .000328 -.003426 -.000692 .001437 .005967 .006402 lxrate1 | .000125 .000533 .001003 -.000459 -.007745 -.000843 .000807 lremote | .004482 -.002244 .004161 -.00938 -.035449 -.000961 .000944 ldist | .006395 -.005594 -.006163 .010267 .013547 .002672 .002748 lopen | -.000338 .000768 .015182 .002983 -.077141 .00105 -.000102

english | -.003621 .002924 -.000471 .011675 .010631 -.003495 .001503 white | .021708 -.019538 .04469 -.127076 -.19912 .008958 .00239 lwhitemg | -.001967 .001386 -.003591 .010818 .015752 -.000243 -.000127 _cons | -.151152 .350819 125.39 -11.3246 -449.824 -.120957 .065412

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .041237 ldist | .022746 .055595 lopen | .004099 .000499 .007961 english | -.014438 .001637 -.003458 .034306 white | .076041 .030829 -.002111 -.013472 1.35532 lwhitemg | -.004427 -.000671 .000318 .001232 -.120241 .011245 _cons | -.046869 -.767037 .813817 -.071916 1.44232 -.146475 4190.24

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1210.46Log likelihood = -1639.969 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6017454 .0645764 9.32 0.000 .475178 .7283128 lgdp | .6871175 .1083783 6.34 0.000 .4747 .899535 lgdpau | 1.031922 1.735303 0.59 0.552 -2.369209 4.433053lgdpdfrati~w | -.0521394 .6375483 -0.08 0.935 -1.301711 1.197432 lpopau | -9.884815 5.947739 -1.66 0.097 -21.54217 1.77254 lpop | .1688507 .1080531 1.56 0.118 -.0429294 .3806309 lxrate1 | .081358 .0436482 1.86 0.062 -.0041909 .1669069 lremote | -1.082729 .3031433 -3.57 0.000 -1.676879 -.4885794 ldist | -.9920573 .5839333 -1.70 0.089 -2.136546 .152431 lopen | .2477292 .1089511 2.27 0.023 .034189 .4612693 english | .4629568 .3257426 1.42 0.155 -.1754869 1.101401 white | 12.89693 2.902908 4.44 0.000 7.207339 18.58653 lwhitemg | -1.478301 .2979372 -4.96 0.000 -2.062247 -.8943546 _cons | 139.0603 55.65009 2.50 0.012 29.98814 248.1325------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00417 lgdp | -.004707 .011746 lgdpau | .003315 -.005074 3.01128lgdpdfrati~w | -.007057 .013646 -.09356 .406468 lpopau | -.017085 .005445 -10.068 .470439 35.3756 lpop | .000677 -.006315 -.001467 -.003197 .005954 .011675 lxrate1 | -.000136 .001423 .003357 .003811 -.025358 -.001367 .001905 lremote | .001789 .007307 -.050535 .00843 .138266 -.006247 -.000254 ldist | .020649 -.015823 -.003922 -.01055 -.079804 .012486 .001646 lopen | -.001092 .001391 -.018049 .003558 .033873 .00156 .000343 english | -.005109 .006842 .021828 .018338 -.102713 .005165 .004407 white | .0165 -.037586 .143584 -.030321 -.65946 .038241 .003531 lwhitemg | -.00166 .002521 -.017235 .001972 .078277 -.003098 -.000352 _cons | .06428 -.026183 88.6755 -5.98559 -323.807 -.163457 .299474

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .091896 ldist | .04878 .340978 lopen | .002839 -.004519 .01187 english | -.023963 -.000269 -.001616 .106108 white | -.000492 .008857 -.006495 .120564 8.42687 lwhitemg | .004158 -.002477 .000723 -.013404 -.853312 .088767 _cons | -2.306 -2.19533 -.114549 1.08085 7.23735 -.857111 3096.93

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2121.76Log likelihood = -1443.298 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2085832 .0402374 5.18 0.000 .1297193 .2874471 lgdp | 1.207244 .0804605 15.00 0.000 1.049545 1.364944 lgdpau | .4331258 .5866488 0.74 0.460 -.7166848 1.582936lgdpdfrati~w | -.0752848 .2467478 -0.31 0.760 -.5589015 .408332 lpopau | -4.946996 2.055532 -2.41 0.016 -8.975766 -.9182266 lpop | .0160461 .0989623 0.16 0.871 -.1779165 .2100087 lxrate1 | .0198131 .0284659 0.70 0.486 -.035979 .0756051 lremote | -.2146936 .1607976 -1.34 0.182 -.529851 .1004638 ldist | -2.373966 .4446172 -5.34 0.000 -3.2454 -1.502532 lopen | -.010187 .0587596 -0.17 0.862 -.1253537 .1049797 english | 1.395181 .2447333 5.70 0.000 .9155128 1.87485 white | 10.12535 2.016988 5.02 0.000 6.172128 14.07857 lwhitemg | -1.027476 .1974274 -5.20 0.000 -1.414427 -.6405255 _cons | 70.468 20.06694 3.51 0.000 31.13753 109.7985------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001619 lgdp | -.001894 .006474 lgdpau | .00156 -.00196 .344157lgdpdfrati~w | -.001223 .002559 -.021375 .060884 lpopau | -.009683 .007094 -1.16829 .093913 4.22521 lpop | .000694 -.005769 .002243 -.001934 -.016507 .009794 lxrate1 | .000087 .000208 .001168 .001484 -.006748 -.000394 .00081 lremote | .00019 .001191 -.019306 .004582 .070044 -.003211 .000141 ldist | .004789 -.007596 .000449 .002889 -.036973 .009525 .002712 lopen | 9.9e-06 -.000075 .001653 .002135 -.008007 .000784 -.000242 english | -.001665 .001366 .005935 .003104 -.025486 .000408 .002176 white | .007114 -.024514 .010139 .00402 -.086669 .027769 .009856 lwhitemg | -.000821 .001429 -.002792 -.000088 .015479 -.00156 -.000879 _cons | .097293 -.054168 10.5347 -1.15556 -39.6351 .127844 .049957

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025856 ldist | .008057 .197684 lopen | -.000181 -.000834 .003453 english | -.006194 .034188 -.001521 .059894 white | .034591 -.142633 -.003394 .007016 4.06824 lwhitemg | -.00129 .015647 .000187 .00084 -.393725 .038978 _cons | -.940575 -1.38669 .089434 -.064808 2.25584 -.321851 402.682

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3299.11

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Log likelihood = -1558.436 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3626571 .0580785 6.24 0.000 .2488254 .4764888 lgdp | 1.228348 .0683146 17.98 0.000 1.094454 1.362242 lgdpau | 2.104964 2.125958 0.99 0.322 -2.061837 6.271766lgdpdfrati~w | -2.470168 .8230157 -3.00 0.003 -4.083249 -.8570864 lpopau | -8.099212 7.316827 -1.11 0.268 -22.43993 6.241505 lpop | -.2915401 .0808957 -3.60 0.000 -.4500928 -.1329875 lxrate1 | -.0261587 .028315 -0.92 0.356 -.0816552 .0293378 lremote | .04103 .1959959 0.21 0.834 -.3431149 .425175 ldist | -2.300657 .2307486 -9.97 0.000 -2.752915 -1.848398 lopen | .1118929 .0988277 1.13 0.258 -.0818058 .3055915 english | .9546407 .1974119 4.84 0.000 .5677206 1.341561 white | 2.281943 1.184765 1.93 0.054 -.0401532 4.604039 lwhitemg | -.2157487 .1081773 -1.99 0.046 -.4277724 -.003725 _cons | 82.62631 67.29513 1.23 0.220 -49.26973 214.5223------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003373 lgdp | -.002625 .004667 lgdpau | -.003433 .006235 4.5197lgdpdfrati~w | -.004349 .002809 -.212354 .677355 lpopau | .012436 -.031093 -15.3248 .968234 53.536 lpop | .000868 -.003921 -.00107 -.000423 .007259 .006544 lxrate1 | 5.1e-07 .000666 .000911 .000224 -.007844 -.00099 .000802 lremote | .004187 -.002579 .001369 -.007009 -.025416 .000634 .000686 ldist | .006616 -.005867 -.007808 .011944 .01804 .003065 .002402 lopen | -.000474 .000822 .015808 .003582 -.085003 .001484 -.000173 english | -.004942 .004662 .001598 .014555 .000704 -.005011 .001766 white | .021025 -.020549 .037752 -.125022 -.157349 .010499 .000043 lwhitemg | -.001947 .001472 -.003098 .0109 .012391 -.000298 .000088 _cons | -.18688 .397082 135.843 -11.2918 -486.736 -.14149 .074395

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038414 ldist | .021433 .053245 lopen | .004546 .000507 .009767 english | -.015562 .000767 -.003833 .038971 white | .075768 .012317 -.003282 -.024687 1.40367 lwhitemg | -.004656 .001043 .000453 .002397 -.124934 .011702 _cons | -.119587 -.765431 .918041 .043245 1.11969 -.120162 4528.63

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2822.45Log likelihood = -1525.492 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5137084 .0444116 11.57 0.000 .4266634 .6007535 lgdp | 1.116184 .0686605 16.26 0.000 .9816122 1.250756 lgdpau | -.3789364 .7270007 -0.52 0.602 -1.803832 1.045959lgdpdfrati~w | -.5080364 .4788723 -1.06 0.289 -1.446609 .4305359 lpopau | 1.867279 2.590039 0.72 0.471 -3.209104 6.943662 lpop | -.1315193 .0841034 -1.56 0.118 -.2963589 .0333204 lxrate1 | -.022423 .0307481 -0.73 0.466 -.0826881 .0378422 lremote | -.8382353 .1959669 -4.28 0.000 -1.222323 -.4541472 ldist | -2.09899 .3131025 -6.70 0.000 -2.712659 -1.48532 lopen | .041313 .0754925 0.55 0.584 -.1066495 .1892756 english | .9275882 .2350858 3.95 0.000 .4668286 1.388348 white | 5.937755 2.054149 2.89 0.004 1.911698 9.963813 lwhitemg | -.8170635 .210464 -3.88 0.000 -1.229565 -.4045616 _cons | -14.38329 25.6963 -0.56 0.576 -64.74711 35.98053------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001972 lgdp | -.001881 .004714 lgdpau | .000135 -.003123 .52853lgdpdfrati~w | -.003314 .003712 -.059104 .229319 lpopau | -.000654 .005182 -1.81788 .30276 6.7083 lpop | .000077 -.003319 .003676 .000762 -.019662 .007073 lxrate1 | -.000368 .000751 .001368 .002678 -.010348 -.000368 .000945 lremote | .001555 .00157 -.02832 .002338 .11956 -.004333 .000143 ldist | .006615 -.009307 -.003209 .000817 -.009312 .010694 .000734 lopen | .000104 -.000827 -.000654 .004983 -.004538 .001853 -.000305 english | -.001231 .001137 .016531 .00741 -.099911 .002941 .003087 white | .008245 -.011961 .040306 -.009247 -.259124 .019101 .006488 lwhitemg | -.000766 .000804 -.005077 .001414 .029964 -.001557 -.000452 _cons | -.035854 .02005 16.6352 -3.83138 -64.6423 .130414 .111818

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038403 ldist | .015275 .098033 lopen | -.001636 .001493 .005699 english | -.014301 .015253 -.001512 .055265 white | .008145 .063971 -.002136 .06941 4.21953 lwhitemg | .001534 -.004785 .000118 -.006835 -.426654 .044295 _cons | -1.69907 -.831454 .081097 1.10862 2.44227 -.318405 660.3

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 572.15Log likelihood = -1156.751 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3327794 .0727309 4.58 0.000 .1902295 .4753294 lgdp | .5703679 .1198189 4.76 0.000 .3355271 .8052086 lgdpau | -3.286259 1.491611 -2.20 0.028 -6.209763 -.3627554lgdpdfrati~w | -1.590196 .6654655 -2.39 0.017 -2.894484 -.2859071

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lpopau | 12.12936 5.118018 2.37 0.018 2.098234 22.1605 lpop | .0633115 .1099762 0.58 0.565 -.1522379 .2788609 lxrate1 | -.0621385 .0418861 -1.48 0.138 -.1442338 .0199567 lremote | -.3368709 .333744 -1.01 0.313 -.990997 .3172553 ldist | -2.132137 .4324493 -4.93 0.000 -2.979722 -1.284552 lopen | -.1631528 .1522895 -1.07 0.284 -.4616347 .1353291 english | 1.106459 .2690799 4.11 0.000 .5790722 1.633846 white | 11.92505 1.382152 8.63 0.000 9.216078 14.63401 lwhitemg | -1.319159 .1169845 -11.28 0.000 -1.548444 -1.089874 _cons | -99.77476 47.70889 -2.09 0.036 -193.2825 -6.267061------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00529 lgdp | -.005322 .014357 lgdpau | -.005912 .009355 2.2249lgdpdfrati~w | -.003891 .004626 .015171 .442844 lpopau | .020936 -.05301 -7.43752 .114267 26.1941 lpop | .000586 -.007766 -.000729 -.001251 .003864 .012095 lxrate1 | -.000263 .002046 .001335 .001931 -.010573 -.002131 .001754 lremote | .003214 .000636 -.033218 -.058628 .026966 -.00228 .000266 ldist | .017464 -.015064 -.025377 -.01598 .040973 .010559 -.000339 lopen | .000457 -.000424 .011059 .001254 -.092847 .004435 -.000691 english | -.008524 .01293 .013661 .020008 -.036831 -.00534 .003557 white | .022019 -.044727 -.012715 -.071338 .065062 .045577 -.00692 lwhitemg | -.00227 .002467 -.002195 .000965 .003394 -.003283 .000621 _cons | -.30124 .586821 65.3596 -2.16364 -239.289 -.131702 .120939

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .111385 ldist | .033067 .187012 lopen | .008475 .004823 .023192 english | -.021334 -.012869 -.010201 .072404 white | .042328 .150019 -.007219 .066347 1.91034 lwhitemg | .005519 -.015934 .000698 -.007336 -.150321 .013685 _cons | -.795238 -1.99106 1.0894 .337086 -2.36046 .117018 2276.14

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1242.07Log likelihood = -948.2926 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2179179 .0430399 5.06 0.000 .1335612 .3022745 lgdp | .3565981 .0901101 3.96 0.000 .1799857 .5332106 lgdpau | -2.633883 1.10945 -2.37 0.018 -4.808365 -.4594013lgdpdfrati~w | -4.381635 .463176 -9.46 0.000 -5.289443 -3.473827 lpopau | 9.992895 3.830574 2.61 0.009 2.485108 17.50068 lpop | .1392967 .0713708 1.95 0.051 -.0005875 .2791809 lxrate1 | -.0699944 .0274354 -2.55 0.011 -.1237668 -.016222 lremote | .4911173 .1731751 2.84 0.005 .1517003 .8305344

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ldist | -2.364439 .236477 -10.00 0.000 -2.827925 -1.900952 lopen | -.0789957 .053181 -1.49 0.137 -.1832285 .0252371 english | .5035231 .154943 3.25 0.001 .1998403 .8072059 white | 9.103927 .8197409 11.11 0.000 7.497264 10.71059 lwhitemg | -.8203919 .0735486 -11.15 0.000 -.9645445 -.6762392 _cons | -77.96977 35.64526 -2.19 0.029 -147.8332 -8.106347------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001852 lgdp | -.002695 .00812 lgdpau | -.002844 .006447 1.23088lgdpdfrati~w | -.002388 .004901 -.04403 .214532 lpopau | .011861 -.031425 -4.1683 .221504 14.6733 lpop | .001748 -.005577 -.003082 -.00303 .013389 .005094 lxrate1 | -.000098 .001107 .000837 .000626 -.006309 -.000896 .000753 lremote | .002083 -.003651 -.004456 -.013673 -.00637 .003385 -.000078 ldist | .005745 -.008637 -.012195 -.008673 .04989 .006952 -.000386 lopen | -.000094 .000058 .004665 .001976 -.023254 .000809 -.000097 english | -.002173 .004158 .002086 .003489 -.00286 -.002242 .000428 white | .015966 -.03101 -.026922 -.028007 .084383 .03124 -.004872 lwhitemg | -.001199 .001301 .001245 .000213 -.004121 -.001794 .000274 _cons | -.170867 .378279 36.9793 -2.59166 -134.346 -.195699 .073806

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02999 ldist | .019486 .055921 lopen | .000693 .000498 .002828 english | -.001294 .009302 -.000445 .024007 white | .057765 .076 .002858 -.003235 .671975 lwhitemg | -.002382 -.005363 -.000341 .000361 -.056354 .005409 _cons | -.194571 -1.15471 .239923 -.145009 -1.78522 .113984 1270.58

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 700.33Log likelihood = -1421.686 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2725398 .0904421 3.01 0.003 .0952766 .449803 lgdp | .4104175 .1428924 2.87 0.004 .1303535 .6904815 lgdpau | -.742908 1.170509 -0.63 0.526 -3.037064 1.551248lgdpdfrati~w | -.856177 .5718632 -1.50 0.134 -1.977008 .2646543 lpopau | 9.003634 3.963884 2.27 0.023 1.234564 16.7727 lpop | -.037692 .1383867 -0.27 0.785 -.308925 .233541 lxrate1 | -.0653034 .047141 -1.39 0.166 -.1576981 .0270913 lremote | .2523749 .2544615 0.99 0.321 -.2463605 .7511103 ldist | -2.212093 .4703294 -4.70 0.000 -3.133922 -1.290264 lopen | -.3149878 .1710011 -1.84 0.065 -.6501437 .0201681 english | 1.791941 .3177297 5.64 0.000 1.169202 2.41468 white | 19.61584 1.858873 10.55 0.000 15.97252 23.25917

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lwhitemg | -1.90358 .1783037 -10.68 0.000 -2.253049 -1.554111 _cons | -116.4799 37.09537 -3.14 0.002 -189.1855 -43.7743------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00818 lgdp | -.009889 .020418 lgdpau | -.011174 .011566 1.37009lgdpdfrati~w | -.00366 -.00153 .120591 .327028 lpopau | .036016 -.034852 -4.48198 -.227619 15.7124 lpop | .003063 -.012292 -.001142 .002063 -.015676 .019151 lxrate1 | .00052 .001298 -.000255 -.00018 .003187 -.00223 .002222 lremote | .00391 .001098 -.041751 -.054422 .013409 -.001058 -.000184 ldist | .020562 -.02303 -.05005 -.037006 .094221 .022653 .002015 lopen | -.000648 -.000457 .006864 -.006507 -.088893 .007244 -.001133 english | -.012645 .010901 .013397 .004595 -.063818 .003291 .002721 white | .035879 -.075656 -.037861 -.046141 .043384 .080344 .001142 lwhitemg | -.003312 .005367 .0003 .000757 -.005419 -.006051 -.000255 _cons | -.40224 .266563 38.937 1.11225 -143.133 .051295 -.070816

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .064751 ldist | .047419 .22121 lopen | .011553 .005155 .029241 english | -.004963 .008454 -.00671 .100952 white | .039611 .166542 .00139 .103754 3.45541 lwhitemg | 6.6e-06 -.013472 .00048 -.006646 -.323546 .031792 _cons | -.101835 -2.70102 1.07733 .395799 -1.4295 .20807 1376.07

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 926.15Log likelihood = -256.0355 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0153351 .0153034 -1.00 0.316 -.0453293 .0146591 lgdp | .0595987 .0411592 1.45 0.148 -.0210719 .1402694 lgdpau | .0306758 .27335 0.11 0.911 -.5050804 .566432lgdpdfrati~w | -.176235 .152342 -1.16 0.247 -.4748199 .1223499 lpopau | 3.237582 .9885877 3.27 0.001 1.299986 5.175178 lpop | .2182465 .0519684 4.20 0.000 .1163903 .3201028 lxrate1 | -.0338891 .0134253 -2.52 0.012 -.0602021 -.007576 lremote | -.0497918 .0967001 -0.51 0.607 -.2393204 .1397369 ldist | -3.279491 .3272274 -10.02 0.000 -3.920845 -2.638137 lopen | -.0494122 .0270896 -1.82 0.068 -.1025069 .0036824 english | 1.495036 .1520509 9.83 0.000 1.197022 1.793051 white | 19.80835 1.286089 15.40 0.000 17.28766 22.32903 lwhitemg | -1.598293 .1216677 -13.14 0.000 -1.836757 -1.359828 _cons | -26.57906 10.95919 -2.43 0.015 -48.05867 -5.099457------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000234 lgdp | -.000135 .001694 lgdpau | .000289 -.000925 .07472lgdpdfrati~w | -.000237 .000524 -.006166 .023208 lpopau | -.00136 .005367 -.256164 .030066 .977306 lpop | -.000109 -.001427 .000022 -.000098 -.003578 .002701 lxrate1 | .000017 -.000012 .000366 .000374 -.003048 .000035 .00018 lremote | .000143 .000772 -.006149 -.000202 .019408 -.00009 .000068 ldist | .000958 .002216 -.007193 -.000096 .025017 .000373 -.000424 lopen | .000028 -.000098 .00011 .000046 -.001846 .00012 -.000016 english | -.000251 .000331 -.001128 -.000615 .012051 .00105 -.000071 white | .00073 -.007234 .001464 -.004368 -.029256 .011445 .000326 lwhitemg | -.000108 .000198 -.000284 .000338 .001611 -.000743 .000013 _cons | .008322 -.107941 2.43625 -.368558 -9.98127 .046373 .043114

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009351 ldist | .009835 .107078 lopen | -.00007 -.000452 .000734 english | .00132 .019578 -.000442 .023119 white | .007343 .028123 -.000132 .032194 1.65403 lwhitemg | -.000326 -.004629 .000059 -.00361 -.151705 .014803 _cons | -.353703 -1.39997 .033246 -.394425 .088571 .035629 120.104

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 754.73Log likelihood = -1306.815 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1826787 .0584102 3.13 0.002 .0681968 .2971606 lgdp | .7486122 .1142124 6.55 0.000 .5247599 .9724645 lgdpau | -4.840095 1.889897 -2.56 0.010 -8.544224 -1.135966lgdpdfrati~w | .1329138 .8453566 0.16 0.875 -1.523955 1.789782 lpopau | 13.92971 6.546804 2.13 0.033 1.098211 26.76121 lpop | .1668641 .1315821 1.27 0.205 -.0910321 .4247602 lxrate1 | -.0344695 .0373345 -0.92 0.356 -.1076439 .0387048 lremote | -.9320483 .3421269 -2.72 0.006 -1.602605 -.2614919 ldist | -2.977692 .4475041 -6.65 0.000 -3.854784 -2.1006 lopen | -.1879326 .1832175 -1.03 0.305 -.5470322 .1711671 english | .4786895 .2703718 1.77 0.077 -.0512294 1.008609 white | 10.85342 1.520896 7.14 0.000 7.872515 13.83432 lwhitemg | -1.253298 .1579674 -7.93 0.000 -1.562909 -.9436877 _cons | -83.83196 61.2123 -1.37 0.171 -203.8059 36.14194------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003412 lgdp | -.004459 .013044 lgdpau | -.004666 .009487 3.57171lgdpdfrati~w | -.005235 .005201 -.07846 .714628 lpopau | .019176 -.056643 -12.0765 .557934 42.8606 lpop | .001577 -.009439 .002376 -.002047 -.019916 .017314

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lxrate1 | -.00038 .001682 .002072 .004109 -.012492 -.001357 .001394 lremote | .005583 -.008809 -.020735 -.06017 .033994 .00039 -.006223 ldist | .016128 -.01876 -.014659 -.037199 -.021296 .01295 -.002203 lopen | -.000563 .000584 .020833 -.00398 -.175739 .007847 -.000926 english | -.001999 .004975 .006411 .01792 -.024628 .001046 .00333 white | .029335 -.062442 -.026047 -.029067 .155453 .067353 -.004575 lwhitemg | -.002388 .003483 -.000712 -.002348 -.000503 -.005231 -.000236 _cons | -.336941 .816525 106.82 -7.13876 -393.665 .084362 .205088

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .117051 ldist | .051269 .20026 lopen | .017938 .010925 .033569 english | -.02102 .018623 -.006521 .073101 white | .056805 .197082 -.00451 .1079 2.31312 lwhitemg | .005276 -.018164 .001364 -.013544 -.229802 .024954 _cons | -1.28907 -1.4422 2.00712 .084685 -4.09665 .17858 3746.95

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 289.79Log likelihood = -690.4966 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0541215 .0426288 1.27 0.204 -.0294295 .1376725 lgdp | .1009506 .1081564 0.93 0.351 -.111032 .3129332 lgdpau | -.0722147 .8413117 -0.09 0.932 -1.721155 1.576726lgdpdfrati~w | .1975767 .2991782 0.66 0.509 -.3888018 .7839552 lpopau | -1.579181 2.891311 -0.55 0.585 -7.246045 4.087684 lpop | .6810481 .1190801 5.72 0.000 .4476554 .9144408 lxrate1 | .0376853 .0326331 1.15 0.248 -.0262744 .101645 lremote | -.2493341 .2835015 -0.88 0.379 -.8049868 .3063187 ldist | -2.003732 .5727617 -3.50 0.000 -3.126325 -.88114 lopen | .0079311 .0619735 0.13 0.898 -.1135346 .1293969 english | 1.86377 .3901881 4.78 0.000 1.099015 2.628524 white | 14.90421 2.424378 6.15 0.000 10.15252 19.65591 lwhitemg | -1.185538 .2217861 -5.35 0.000 -1.62023 -.7508449 _cons | 36.98653 27.88492 1.33 0.185 -17.6669 91.63996------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001817 lgdp | -.001511 .011698 lgdpau | .001532 -.001172 .707805lgdpdfrati~w | -.001649 .002668 -.024726 .089508 lpopau | -.01109 -.006319 -2.36496 .089386 8.35968 lpop | .000271 -.008878 -.001226 -.000604 .005859 .01418 lxrate1 | .000131 .000425 .00141 .00199 -.01001 -.000559 .001065 lremote | .0009 .006189 -.040831 -.012946 .128635 -.004734 -.000756 ldist | .006648 -.001308 -.003549 -.002533 -.039157 .009155 .002049 lopen | .000152 -.000533 -.002759 .004396 .005721 .001124 -.000108 english | -.004115 -.008317 .008093 .007925 -.023053 .012584 .002109 white | .004974 -.059822 .043781 -.008737 -.157998 .074104 .000414 lwhitemg | -.000749 .003002 -.007427 -.000186 .031401 -.005422 -.000108

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_cons | .095934 -.020621 21.1108 -.834664 -77.3825 -.13631 .10892

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .080373 ldist | .024153 .328056 lopen | .000147 .000183 .003841 english | -.023531 .069895 -.000883 .152247 white | -.028593 .131928 .003839 .224799 5.87761 lwhitemg | .00646 -.017713 -.000257 -.021224 -.516937 .049189 _cons | -2.04646 -2.76354 -.034134 -.333345 .554284 -.188117 777.569

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 239.65Log likelihood = -790.2765 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0038993 .0414806 -0.09 0.925 -.0851997 .0774011 lgdp | .0496593 .0785481 0.63 0.527 -.1042922 .2036107 lgdpau | .0938816 .6708738 0.14 0.889 -1.221007 1.40877lgdpdfrati~w | -.0210245 .2449727 -0.09 0.932 -.5011623 .4591132 lpopau | -.3088574 2.310717 -0.13 0.894 -4.83778 4.220065 lpop | .5528771 .0969266 5.70 0.000 .3629044 .7428497 lxrate1 | -.0014215 .020401 -0.07 0.944 -.0414068 .0385638 lremote | .2821105 .2301849 1.23 0.220 -.1690436 .7332647 ldist | -2.615176 .3931696 -6.65 0.000 -3.385775 -1.844578 lopen | .0120778 .047814 0.25 0.801 -.0816358 .1057915 english | .8022614 .3379137 2.37 0.018 .1399627 1.46456 white | -.1559842 1.778418 -0.09 0.930 -3.64162 3.329652 lwhitemg | .0826836 .1747366 0.47 0.636 -.2597938 .425161 _cons | 16.69349 22.5618 0.74 0.459 -27.52683 60.91381------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001721 lgdp | -.001138 .00617 lgdpau | -.000514 .000908 .450072lgdpdfrati~w | -.0002 .000084 -.034682 .060012 lpopau | -.003984 -.00323 -1.50245 .116759 5.33941 lpop | -.000085 -.004712 -.000479 -.000508 -.006644 .009395 lxrate1 | .000118 .000016 -.000373 .001291 -.002732 -.000126 .000416 lremote | .002164 .003451 -.025841 -.008429 .080871 -.003208 -.000311 ldist | .004368 -.00283 -.01621 -.002488 .040452 .001433 .00038 lopen | -.00006 .000223 .002487 .000399 -.010252 .000498 -.000044 english | -.004071 -.002862 .000987 .001919 .006288 .00266 .000648 white | .004261 -.029631 -.006677 -.012145 -.057719 .036844 .001748 lwhitemg | -.000552 .001606 -.001732 .000671 .013776 -.002354 -.000141 _cons | .037941 -.031673 13.5219 -.986667 -50.1833 .096807 .05263

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052985 ldist | .027849 .154582 lopen | .000349 -.000854 .002286

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english | -.012222 .045675 -.001481 .114186 white | .025642 .020903 -.000971 .13131 3.16277 lwhitemg | -.000112 -.000641 .000098 -.011463 -.301341 .030533 _cons | -1.41846 -1.95385 .098172 -.444583 .745419 -.170466 509.035

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 559.68Log likelihood = -1041.204 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0749507 .0739247 1.01 0.311 -.0699391 .2198405 lgdp | .6755508 .1392768 4.85 0.000 .4025732 .9485283 lgdpau | -.7243998 .8544531 -0.85 0.397 -2.399097 .9502975lgdpdfrati~w | -.815633 .3814686 -2.14 0.033 -1.563298 -.0679683 lpopau | 6.727226 2.900804 2.32 0.020 1.041755 12.4127 lpop | .214496 .1241782 1.73 0.084 -.0288887 .4578808 lxrate1 | -.1444537 .0354228 -4.08 0.000 -.2138811 -.0750263 lremote | .1792665 .2380436 0.75 0.451 -.2872902 .6458233 ldist | -3.238068 .4308401 -7.52 0.000 -4.082499 -2.393637 lopen | .1093802 .0903141 1.21 0.226 -.0676322 .2863925 english | .788727 .2611269 3.02 0.003 .2769277 1.300526 white | 12.44681 2.005471 6.21 0.000 8.516157 16.37746 lwhitemg | -1.205008 .1884945 -6.39 0.000 -1.57445 -.8355654 _cons | -77.59453 27.44978 -2.83 0.005 -131.3951 -23.79395------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005465 lgdp | -.006278 .019398 lgdpau | -.004418 .006382 .73009lgdpdfrati~w | -.000107 -.000535 .03022 .145518 lpopau | .014311 -.034301 -2.39546 -.030913 8.41466 lpop | .001685 -.012169 -.002233 .00139 .009196 .01542 lxrate1 | .000411 .001103 .001175 .000835 -.006467 -.001332 .001255 lremote | .000987 .005502 -.029844 -.026156 .024806 -.005421 .001623 ldist | .01405 -.011244 -.023111 -.00421 .072638 .003477 .000221 lopen | -.000176 .000083 .001521 .002859 -.025696 .001938 -.000473 english | -.004735 .01623 .000434 -.003242 -.011462 -.013304 -.00009 white | .032183 -.056107 -.055479 -.036863 .100182 .046767 -.002539 lwhitemg | -.002876 .002418 .001987 .000751 -.002974 -.002107 .000118 _cons | -.183134 .243099 20.9503 -.170109 -77.1118 -.052696 .049081

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .056665 ldist | .021239 .185623 lopen | .001957 -.001115 .008157 english | .008346 .030031 -.003723 .068187 white | .051187 .109331 -.003741 .034499 4.02191 lwhitemg | -.000934 -.011689 .000249 -.005859 -.365973 .03553 _cons | -.353062 -2.44442 .3549 -.325496 -1.36024 .11633 753.491

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr

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> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 791.18Log likelihood = -1113.005 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1734887 .0737716 2.35 0.019 .028899 .3180784 lgdp | .6977531 .114639 6.09 0.000 .4730647 .9224415 lgdpau | .6185396 1.229054 0.50 0.615 -1.790361 3.02744lgdpdfrati~w | -1.288875 .5840787 -2.21 0.027 -2.433648 -.1441016 lpopau | .0721327 4.199468 0.02 0.986 -8.158674 8.30294 lpop | -.013618 .1185581 -0.11 0.909 -.2459876 .2187517 lxrate1 | -.0102409 .0391045 -0.26 0.793 -.0868843 .0664025 lremote | .3591142 .2952239 1.22 0.224 -.219514 .9377425 ldist | -2.811787 .4510282 -6.23 0.000 -3.695786 -1.927788 lopen | -.1002803 .099344 -1.01 0.313 -.2949909 .0944304 english | 1.565474 .288663 5.42 0.000 .9997052 2.131243 white | 11.75556 1.424854 8.25 0.000 8.962898 14.54822 lwhitemg | -1.165438 .1384731 -8.42 0.000 -1.43684 -.8940358 _cons | -4.854296 39.40508 -0.12 0.902 -82.08683 72.37824------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005442 lgdp | -.005686 .013142 lgdpau | -.005017 .008601 1.51057lgdpdfrati~w | -.003453 .004939 .027703 .341148 lpopau | .012422 -.034624 -5.01279 .091902 17.6355 lpop | .001879 -.009717 -.004521 -.001249 .015209 .014056 lxrate1 | .000493 .000919 .002274 .000807 -.013326 -.001343 .001529 lremote | .005232 -.003204 -.030179 -.047292 .004622 -.001022 .001506 ldist | .01592 -.01182 -.029929 -.026238 .066925 .005223 -.000098 lopen | -.000275 .00089 -.000088 .001479 -.026581 .000993 -.000404 english | -.005494 .011146 .004661 -.001333 -.00333 -.007943 -.000413 white | .03309 -.057 -.052727 -.040903 .129119 .054677 -.001781 lwhitemg | -.002682 .003355 .001987 -.000816 -.008001 -.003793 .000181 _cons | -.204856 .370978 43.9446 -2.02128 -161.416 -.180066 .140922

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .087157 ldist | .05137 .203426 lopen | .004557 .001559 .009869 english | .003616 .034517 -.00362 .083326 white | .089618 .131154 -.008996 .028256 2.03021 lwhitemg | -.001856 -.012194 .000563 -.004314 -.189077 .019175 _cons | -.435613 -2.60436 .364591 -.536472 -2.5583 .216693 1552.76

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 425.14Log likelihood = -1184.496 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1799542 .0521238 3.45 0.001 .0777935 .2821149 lgdp | .3664295 .104555 3.50 0.000 .1615054 .5713535 lgdpau | -2.278389 1.364595 -1.67 0.095 -4.952945 .3961674lgdpdfrati~w | -2.319088 .6169474 -3.76 0.000 -3.528283 -1.109893 lpopau | 6.5724 4.665259 1.41 0.159 -2.571339 15.71614 lpop | .1048841 .0780186 1.34 0.179 -.0480296 .2577978 lxrate1 | -.0886609 .0389017 -2.28 0.023 -.1649069 -.0124149 lremote | 1.103237 .2660712 4.15 0.000 .5817472 1.624727 ldist | -1.355121 .4168643 -3.25 0.001 -2.17216 -.538082 lopen | -.006266 .1169497 -0.05 0.957 -.2354832 .2229513 english | .7378043 .1886229 3.91 0.000 .3681102 1.107498 white | 7.566233 1.362728 5.55 0.000 4.895334 10.23713 lwhitemg | -.6081228 .1317608 -4.62 0.000 -.8663693 -.3498764 _cons | -48.34133 43.3206 -1.12 0.264 -133.2481 36.56548------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002717 lgdp | -.002754 .010932 lgdpau | -.003849 .006332 1.86212lgdpdfrati~w | -.001229 -.000121 .081556 .380624 lpopau | .014263 -.039925 -6.21936 -.132373 21.7646 lpop | .000579 -.005561 -.000504 -.00102 .004137 .006087 lxrate1 | .000185 .001672 .000838 .000615 -.006938 -.00163 .001513 lremote | .000371 .001319 -.028287 -.047339 .050906 .001204 -.000665 ldist | .012561 -.006055 -.02673 -.027065 .046002 .005162 .001873 lopen | -.000038 .000196 .009434 .000898 -.064042 .003066 -.000511 english | -.003521 .006158 .007158 .005263 -.026605 .000561 .001139 white | .012834 -.029703 -.027049 -.05909 .082567 .029515 -.005107 lwhitemg | -.001446 .000921 -.000712 .001096 .004552 -.001727 .000081 _cons | -.220803 .392679 54.6266 .356548 -198.001 -.080009 .062119

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .070794 ldist | .042888 .173776 lopen | .004667 .008062 .013677 english | -.006028 -.002219 -.002207 .035579 white | .049958 .108584 .004094 .043637 1.85703 lwhitemg | .001279 -.011166 -.000493 -.004654 -.169906 .017361 _cons | -1.13075 -2.0885 .656461 .174805 -1.9571 .054153 1876.67

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 518.67Log likelihood = -963.0562 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0972154 .0493664 1.97 0.049 .000459 .1939718 lgdp | .5231801 .0996221 5.25 0.000 .3279244 .7184358 lgdpau | -1.117794 1.275247 -0.88 0.381 -3.617233 1.381644lgdpdfrati~w | -1.299291 .535762 -2.43 0.015 -2.349365 -.2492165 lpopau | 3.106534 4.383687 0.71 0.479 -5.485334 11.6984 lpop | .0772075 .0936542 0.82 0.410 -.1063514 .2607664 lxrate1 | -.022009 .0381963 -0.58 0.564 -.0968725 .0528545 lremote | -.7575412 .2914478 -2.60 0.009 -1.328768 -.1863141 ldist | -3.138574 .4331414 -7.25 0.000 -3.987516 -2.289633 lopen | -.0408625 .103747 -0.39 0.694 -.2442029 .1624779 english | .7861796 .1987391 3.96 0.000 .3966582 1.175701 white | 10.901 1.728155 6.31 0.000 7.513879 14.28812 lwhitemg | -1.079478 .1527634 -7.07 0.000 -1.378889 -.7800669 _cons | 6.305377 41.18667 0.15 0.878 -74.41901 87.02976------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002437 lgdp | -.002576 .009925 lgdpau | -.002909 .005862 1.62626lgdpdfrati~w | -.001022 .00025 -.025439 .287041 lpopau | .009871 -.027807 -5.45731 .165242 19.2167 lpop | .000167 -.005989 -.002005 .000241 .006438 .008771 lxrate1 | .00004 .00136 .002361 .001605 -.013263 -.001356 .001459 lremote | .003289 -.000387 -.019429 -.034949 .049515 -.000351 -.001514 ldist | .01135 -.008633 -.021218 -.014776 .051622 .002161 -.000718 lopen | -.00021 -.000355 .004763 .005252 -.044626 .002397 -.000082 english | -.002426 .002934 .007852 .005796 -.025472 -.001278 .001983 white | .013162 -.03779 .016918 -.017399 -.000976 .037004 -.00522 lwhitemg | -.001052 .001336 -.003039 -.000823 .006566 -.002159 .000275 _cons | -.18237 .275125 48.1736 -1.9311 -176.319 -.071921 .162314

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .084942 ldist | .047822 .187611 lopen | .002953 .002015 .010763 english | -.018218 .007439 -.002267 .039497 white | .033812 .112459 .000527 .034957 2.98652 lwhitemg | .001369 -.010193 .000101 -.003566 -.2552 .023337 _cons | -1.47039 -2.39937 .545951 .245529 -1.6106 .068895 1696.34

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 764.56Log likelihood = -1561.04 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4022008 .0730052 5.51 0.000 .2591133 .5452883 lgdp | .2405019 .1324183 1.82 0.069 -.0190332 .500037 lgdpau | -2.701524 1.801152 -1.50 0.134 -6.231717 .8286695lgdpdfrati~w | -1.334264 .6213814 -2.15 0.032 -2.55215 -.116379

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lpopau | 19.14294 6.14825 3.11 0.002 7.092591 31.19329 lpop | .4893898 .1201618 4.07 0.000 .253877 .7249025 lxrate1 | -.1181154 .0436907 -2.70 0.007 -.2037475 -.0324833 lremote | .3708033 .3156422 1.17 0.240 -.247844 .9894507 ldist | -1.870711 .446755 -4.19 0.000 -2.746335 -.9950877 lopen | -.1308771 .1389774 -0.94 0.346 -.4032677 .1415136 english | .4016185 .2911171 1.38 0.168 -.1689606 .9721976 white | 17.04469 2.527195 6.74 0.000 12.09148 21.9979 lwhitemg | -1.62574 .2446447 -6.65 0.000 -2.105235 -1.146245 _cons | -242.2616 56.95795 -4.25 0.000 -353.8971 -130.6261------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00533 lgdp | -.006267 .017535 lgdpau | -.007177 .010298 3.24415lgdpdfrati~w | -.002828 .003802 -.033711 .386115 lpopau | .023156 -.047084 -10.8244 .149507 37.801 lpop | .002093 -.011288 -.003899 -.002208 .009558 .014439 lxrate1 | -.000311 .00198 -.000512 .00323 -.006847 -.001568 .001909 lremote | .005659 -.003028 -.046077 -.023622 .047376 .00254 .001125 ldist | .017167 -.012762 -.035478 -.00433 .094638 .009619 -.001024 lopen | -.00029 -.000493 .007422 .00804 -.052855 .003903 -.000374 english | -.007037 .014693 .011941 .003013 -.059512 -.00754 .002234 white | .021297 -.051213 -.063521 -.058169 -.057457 .059259 .003908 lwhitemg | -.001634 .001998 .000779 .001957 .012756 -.003091 -.000353 _cons | -.328408 .464182 95.0996 -1.77899 -343.932 -.144966 .097698

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .09963 ldist | .048249 .19959 lopen | .006532 .004535 .019315 english | -.013956 .021311 -.005613 .084749 white | .145833 -.003397 .001127 -.031949 6.38671 lwhitemg | -.005224 .001225 .000114 .002171 -.606937 .059851 _cons | -.883671 -2.9251 .540326 .383161 1.49601 -.183815 3244.21

.

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping St kittis and Nevis

. drop if ccode==451440(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491169.7 1561191 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.97 117038.6 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 2.17e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.7338 16.92545 102.9662 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 70750 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.095 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6737.51 4146.126 6778.5 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13339.5 3519.516 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7026252 .3857733 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.0528 .1810502 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404914.8 1597585 3126 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.91 27125.11 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 2.17e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8665 17.287 101.7714 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 70750 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.966 11681.74 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7163.607 4116.605 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13165.4 3404.903 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 154.7592 240.7054 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7092031 .4070202 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.044406 .1859466 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 5815.40Log likelihood = -998.6412 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5450837 .0371695 14.66 0.000 .4722328 .6179346 lgdp | 1.072974 .0347146 30.91 0.000 1.004935 1.141014 lgdpau | -3.385925 .888402 -3.81 0.000 -5.127161 -1.644689lgdpdfrati~w | -1.915033 .3493201 -5.48 0.000 -2.599688 -1.230379 lpopau | 5.358523 3.095956 1.73 0.083 -.7094398 11.42649 lpop | .0252102 .0390608 0.65 0.519 -.0513475 .101768 lxrate1 | .0195733 .0162944 1.20 0.230 -.0123631 .0515097 lremote | .0504286 .0864083 0.58 0.559 -.1189285 .2197856 ldist | -1.698753 .1703144 -9.97 0.000 -2.032563 -1.364943 lopen | .7901984 .0818634 9.65 0.000 .629749 .9506477 english | .311187 .0853273 3.65 0.000 .1439486 .4784253 white | 3.702556 .6888084 5.38 0.000 2.352516 5.052596 lwhitemg | -.4315156 .0682388 -6.32 0.000 -.5652612 -.29777 _cons | -2.871103 28.82795 -0.10 0.921 -59.37284 53.63064------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001382 lgdp | -.000799 .001205 lgdpau | -.00284 .002074 .789258lgdpdfrati~w | .000868 -.001014 -.028791 .122025 lpopau | .010481 -.00786 -2.69942 .152036 9.58494 lpop | .000074 -.000583 .000852 .000263 -.006454 .001526 lxrate1 | -.000049 .000227 -.000106 -.000177 .000371 -.000085 .000266 lremote | -.000255 .000838 .004246 -.001735 -.025101 .000324 -.000056 ldist | .003603 -.002975 -.005196 .004998 .003529 .002362 .000156 lopen | -.000483 .000181 .010253 -.001282 -.057992 .000872 -.00019 english | -.000751 .000982 -.00399 .001721 .025467 -.000493 .000583 white | .0076 -.002148 -.014518 -.001023 .052276 .006626 .001707 lwhitemg | -.000845 .000281 .001687 -.000267 -.006345 -.000529 -.000144 _cons | -.126096 .083783 24.0893 -1.91759 -88.0533 .048599 -.009037

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007466 ldist | .004808 .029007 lopen | .002783 .002494 .006702 english | -.0013 -.003359 -.003686 .007281 white | .007215 .024245 -.005928 .007884 .474457 lwhitemg | -.000212 -.002324 .000605 -.000485 -.046277 .004657 _cons | .175132 -.237631 .640557 -.29486 -.923314 .096228 831.051

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7460.56Log likelihood = -1439.324 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3597362 .0432778 8.31 0.000 .2749133 .4445592 lgdp | 1.061791 .0658045 16.14 0.000 .9328166 1.190765 lgdpau | -.4700833 .4795175 -0.98 0.327 -1.40992 .4697537lgdpdfrati~w | -.243559 .3002845 -0.81 0.417 -.8321059 .3449879 lpopau | 3.318431 1.741036 1.91 0.057 -.093936 6.730798 lpop | .1507334 .0800842 1.88 0.060 -.0062288 .3076955 lxrate1 | -.0431783 .028294 -1.53 0.127 -.0986335 .0122768 lremote | -.2263515 .1612402 -1.40 0.160 -.5423765 .0896734 ldist | -3.081033 .3877989 -7.94 0.000 -3.841105 -2.320961 lopen | -.0598698 .0544331 -1.10 0.271 -.1665566 .046817 english | .3651937 .1774021 2.06 0.040 .0174919 .7128955 white | 8.15367 1.090086 7.48 0.000 6.01714 10.2902 lwhitemg | -.8677227 .1169462 -7.42 0.000 -1.096933 -.6385125 _cons | -35.21093 17.74631 -1.98 0.047 -69.99307 -.4287962------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001873 lgdp | -.001492 .00433 lgdpau | .000771 -.001047 .229937lgdpdfrati~w | -.001967 .003198 -.023248 .090171 lpopau | -.002904 -.000987 -.801904 .104011 3.03121 lpop | -.000164 -.003839 .003281 -.001183 -.013607 .006413 lxrate1 | .000026 .00045 .000518 .002503 -.006117 -.000563 .000801 lremote | .000304 -.000247 -.020781 .00154 .091294 -.003158 .000493 ldist | .009973 -.013455 .006591 .001554 -.027336 .006835 .002166 lopen | .000111 -.000284 .002605 .001396 -.011443 .001061 -.000354 english | -.000594 -.002714 .006365 .004602 -.044899 .004567 .001755 white | .009151 -.021435 .019131 -.003315 -.118741 .02283 .001089 lwhitemg | -.001303 .001616 -.004042 .000442 .019708 -.001456 -.000051 _cons | -.041778 .140109 7.38229 -1.29018 -29.6297 .09224 .055747

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025998 ldist | .002748 .150388 lopen | -.002224 .001161 .002963 english | -.003788 .006687 -.000584 .031472 white | -.009403 .067282 .002723 .044578 1.18829 lwhitemg | .003727 -.008047 -.000653 -.002311 -.122672 .013676 _cons | -1.17538 -1.04164 .120942 .518081 .966718 -.183363 314.932

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3789.72Log likelihood = -1548.294 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4851609 .0517514 9.37 0.000 .38373 .5865918 lgdp | 1.044454 .0613346 17.03 0.000 .9242402 1.164667 lgdpau | 2.13624 2.045286 1.04 0.296 -1.872447 6.144926lgdpdfrati~w | -2.253952 .8265495 -2.73 0.006 -3.87396 -.6339451 lpopau | -8.315606 7.041768 -1.18 0.238 -22.11722 5.486006 lpop | -.0269484 .0810042 -0.33 0.739 -.1857136 .1318169 lxrate1 | -.0645484 .0282019 -2.29 0.022 -.1198231 -.0092736 lremote | .1248143 .2079806 0.60 0.548 -.2828202 .5324488 ldist | -2.210719 .2391064 -9.25 0.000 -2.679359 -1.742079 lopen | .1470298 .0983808 1.49 0.135 -.045793 .3398526 english | .4100261 .1789199 2.29 0.022 .0593495 .7607027 white | 2.751965 1.152085 2.39 0.017 .4939197 5.01001 lwhitemg | -.2383618 .1083165 -2.20 0.028 -.4506583 -.0260653 _cons | 83.06673 64.82007 1.28 0.200 -43.97828 210.1117------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002678 lgdp | -.001831 .003762 lgdpau | -.002463 .005483 4.18319lgdpdfrati~w | -.003519 .000968 -.204613 .683184 lpopau | .008529 -.027228 -14.1854 .967888 49.5865 lpop | -.000023 -.00323 -.000659 .002798 .004355 .006562 lxrate1 | .000185 .000459 .000969 -.000476 -.007478 -.000737 .000795 lremote | .004135 -.002461 .001316 -.008333 -.026323 -.000918 .000814 ldist | .006113 -.005621 -.006315 .013097 .013418 .003156 .002848 lopen | -.000433 .000884 .015524 .002583 -.084752 .001348 -.000083 english | -.002595 .002312 .001089 .009643 .006624 -.002844 .001202 white | .018505 -.0191 .0314 -.093677 -.135998 .010005 .001629 lwhitemg | -.001675 .001296 -.002711 .007692 .011191 -.000283 -.000099 _cons | -.143702 .357398 125.751 -11.5091 -451.065 -.106819 .061909

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .043256 ldist | .019891 .057172 lopen | .004636 .001002 .009679 english | -.016304 .001609 -.003479 .032012 white | .065962 .028809 -.002534 -.007102 1.3273 lwhitemg | -.003157 -.000943 .000385 .000197 -.121253 .011732 _cons | -.106608 -.758703 .916927 -.030102 .812412 -.09832 4201.64

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1238.23Log likelihood = -1645.572 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6425671 .0644751 9.97 0.000 .5161983 .768936 lgdp | .6504535 .1088409 5.98 0.000 .4371293 .8637777 lgdpau | 1.091759 1.771046 0.62 0.538 -2.379428 4.562946lgdpdfrati~w | -.1249592 .6516869 -0.19 0.848 -1.402242 1.152324 lpopau | -10.39409 6.070524 -1.71 0.087 -22.29209 1.503922 lpop | .204973 .1086762 1.89 0.059 -.0080283 .4179744 lxrate1 | .0737798 .0433647 1.70 0.089 -.0112135 .158773 lremote | -1.112839 .3036767 -3.66 0.000 -1.708034 -.5176437 ldist | -.8075904 .5784024 -1.40 0.163 -1.941238 .3260574 lopen | .2444273 .1130249 2.16 0.031 .0229024 .4659521 english | .2932868 .3119703 0.94 0.347 -.3181638 .9047374 white | 12.71763 2.909292 4.37 0.000 7.015518 18.41973 lwhitemg | -1.456543 .2967338 -4.91 0.000 -2.038131 -.8749558 _cons | 144.5233 56.78063 2.55 0.011 33.23531 255.8113------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004157 lgdp | -.0047 .011846 lgdpau | .0035 -.005472 3.1366lgdpdfrati~w | -.007003 .013257 -.103619 .424696 lpopau | -.017217 .006044 -10.4905 .512435 36.8513 lpop | .000491 -.006289 -.001269 -.002952 .00632 .011811 lxrate1 | -.000098 .001363 .003328 .003628 -.024866 -.001441 .00188 lremote | .001921 .00711 -.050048 .007599 .137654 -.006935 -.000332 ldist | .019978 -.015735 -.00328 -.010967 -.074136 .01109 .001684 lopen | -.001045 .001185 -.018847 .00491 .035672 .001806 .000287 english | -.004474 .006556 .019319 .016772 -.095692 .005493 .004036 white | .016183 -.037361 .136243 -.036401 -.626922 .035297 .002506 lwhitemg | -.001589 .002434 -.016347 .002579 .074946 -.00284 -.000265 _cons | .069515 -.027284 92.4011 -6.42036 -337.323 -.156834 .295038

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .09222 ldist | .048775 .334549 lopen | .002892 -.005056 .012775 english | -.022063 .001374 -.002005 .097325 white | .001071 -.026246 -.004837 .106538 8.46398 lwhitemg | .003958 .001371 .000599 -.012043 -.851328 .088051 _cons | -2.29596 -2.2205 -.118877 .998541 7.26662 -.863713 3224.04

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2460.21Log likelihood = -1442.102 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4411787 .0493278 8.94 0.000 .344498 .5378594 lgdp | .8245653 .0790864 10.43 0.000 .6695588 .9795718 lgdpau | -.3660915 .4893168 -0.75 0.454 -1.325135 .5929518lgdpdfrati~w | .2979407 .2152844 1.38 0.166 -.1240089 .7198903

lpopau | -2.246054 1.731948 -1.30 0.195 -5.640609 1.148501 lpop | .2875826 .0838719 3.43 0.001 .1231968 .4519685 lxrate1 | -.0188697 .0256594 -0.74 0.462 -.0691613 .0314219 lremote | -.2690426 .1611736 -1.67 0.095 -.584937 .0468518 ldist | -2.266255 .4408283 -5.14 0.000 -3.130262 -1.402247 lopen | .0766434 .0481734 1.59 0.112 -.0177748 .1710616 english | .6826072 .2353866 2.90 0.004 .221258 1.143956 white | 11.46604 1.958342 5.85 0.000 7.627759 15.30432 lwhitemg | -1.151861 .1921452 -5.99 0.000 -1.528459 -.7752633 _cons | 49.06796 17.26413 2.84 0.004 15.23089 82.90502------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002433 lgdp | -.002502 .006255 lgdpau | .001359 -.00397 .239431lgdpdfrati~w | -.001858 .004444 -.02277 .046347 lpopau | -.006374 .012828 -.823382 .087814 2.99964 lpop | .000505 -.004486 .004936 -.002946 -.022441 .007034 lxrate1 | .000145 -.000014 .001593 .001235 -.008889 -.000099 .000658 lremote | .001069 -.000199 -.020784 .000992 .079004 -.003054 .000014 ldist | .007798 -.011993 .004959 -.00328 -.030979 .008311 .002463 lopen | -.000154 .000333 .001916 .00096 -.009096 .000356 -.000014 english | -.001568 -.000989 .009911 .002083 -.034619 .00293 .001596 white | .008971 -.021628 .017525 -.006282 -.120745 .020074 .008554 lwhitemg | -.001077 .001323 -.002825 .00035 .016361 -.001105 -.000762 _cons | .023502 -.054975 7.53448 -.935378 -28.5259 .18147 .079065

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .025977 ldist | .01016 .19433 lopen | -.001442 -.000698 .002321 english | -.006934 .031477 .000028 .055407 white | .034998 -.147827 -.00449 .005637 3.8351 lwhitemg | -.00135 .016023 .000194 .001494 -.37234 .03692 _cons | -1.04335 -1.4791 .10811 .032086 2.73837 -.343247 298.05

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3461.35Log likelihood = -1565.773 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4563855 .0560758 8.14 0.000 .3464789 .5662922 lgdp | 1.124621 .069219 16.25 0.000 .9889543 1.260288

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lgdpau | 1.842088 2.116463 0.87 0.384 -2.306102 5.990279lgdpdfrati~w | -2.494585 .8270908 -3.02 0.003 -4.115653 -.8735166

lpopau | -7.362466 7.282416 -1.01 0.312 -21.63574 6.910807 lpop | -.1270605 .0854373 -1.49 0.137 -.2945146 .0403936 lxrate1 | -.0355289 .0287496 -1.24 0.217 -.0918771 .0208194 lremote | .2145444 .2026847 1.06 0.290 -.1827104 .6117992 ldist | -2.176091 .2401887 -9.06 0.000 -2.646853 -1.70533 lopen | .1387558 .0995811 1.39 0.164 -.0564196 .3339313 english | .5288033 .195037 2.71 0.007 .1465377 .9110688 white | 2.764086 1.164102 2.37 0.018 .4824874 5.045684 lwhitemg | -.2335164 .1092384 -2.14 0.033 -.4476197 -.0194131 _cons | 73.80383 66.99423 1.10 0.271 -57.50245 205.1101------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003144 lgdp | -.002476 .004791 lgdpau | -.003066 .006334 4.47941lgdpdfrati~w | -.003882 .002258 -.210578 .684079 lpopau | .011017 -.031616 -15.1797 .961155 53.0336 lpop | .000604 -.004146 -.001204 .000509 .008062 .0073 lxrate1 | .000042 .000672 .000909 .000265 -.008175 -.001 .000827 lremote | .003904 -.002419 .00017 -.006189 -.020572 .000268 .000609 ldist | .006632 -.005724 -.006435 .013021 .009382 .003656 .00255 lopen | -.000439 .000798 .015872 .003578 -.085633 .001495 -.000124 english | -.004281 .00479 .002797 .011846 -.005655 -.00484 .001552 white | .018987 -.021527 .024233 -.094188 -.095923 .01246 -.0005 lwhitemg | -.001795 .001527 -.002093 .007981 .007748 -.000386 .000099 _cons | -.168532 .400668 134.484 -11.2504 -482.151 -.160133 .079034

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .041081 ldist | .020562 .057691 lopen | .004504 .001149 .009916 english | -.015914 .001107 -.003339 .038039 white | .066979 .01659 -.003242 -.017933 1.35513 lwhitemg | -.003573 .000211 .000455 .001432 -.123592 .011933 _cons | -.179588 -.705879 .921081 .110088 .465983 -.068942 4488.23

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Exports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3284.15Log likelihood = -1528.933 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5710499 .0439584 12.99 0.000 .4848931 .6572067 lgdp | 1.062738 .0666823 15.94 0.000 .9320429 1.193433 lgdpau | -.4177012 .6793658 -0.61 0.539 -1.749234 .9138314lgdpdfrati~w | -.4533179 .4877198 -0.93 0.353 -1.409231 .5025953 lpopau | 1.650196 2.435706 0.68 0.498 -3.1237 6.424093

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lpop | -.0778608 .0807678 -0.96 0.335 -.2361627 .0804411 lxrate1 | -.0263948 .030123 -0.88 0.381 -.0854348 .0326452 lremote | -.7541508 .1937395 -3.89 0.000 -1.133873 -.3744283 ldist | -1.855247 .2978883 -6.23 0.000 -2.439098 -1.271397 lopen | .0446563 .0722842 0.62 0.537 -.0970182 .1863308 english | .717543 .2264242 3.17 0.002 .2737597 1.161326 white | 5.943156 2.058037 2.89 0.004 1.909478 9.976835 lwhitemg | -.7961604 .2097124 -3.80 0.000 -1.207189 -.3851317 _cons | -12.87258 24.40869 -0.53 0.598 -60.71273 34.96757------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001932 lgdp | -.001874 .004447 lgdpau | .000136 -.003217 .461538lgdpdfrati~w | -.003177 .003173 -.059468 .237871 lpopau | -.000097 .005684 -1.59646 .309106 5.93266 lpop | .000042 -.002974 .004043 .001482 -.020805 .006523 lxrate1 | -.000234 .000475 .001554 .002535 -.010631 -.000144 .000907 lremote | .00187 .000936 -.027976 .001389 .119096 -.004117 .000115 ldist | .005386 -.006804 -.006357 .003809 .002734 .009192 .001123 lopen | .000015 -.00065 -.000049 .00548 -.005221 .001596 -.000309 english | -.001518 .002614 .013491 .00825 -.089771 .002161 .002855 white | .009191 -.012464 .0365 -.009296 -.234408 .017354 .007867 lwhitemg | -.000791 .00081 -.004619 .001403 .027402 -.001421 -.000575 _cons | -.03587 -.002426 14.7442 -3.95657 -57.6987 .151815 .11036

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037535 ldist | .017194 .088737 lopen | -.002171 .000565 .005225 english | -.012603 .012878 -.001255 .051268 white | .013417 .053024 -.003459 .058303 4.23552 lwhitemg | .00103 -.003696 .000198 -.005954 -.425924 .043979 _cons | -1.7016 -.907935 .08963 1.00801 2.22219 -.295812 595.784

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 648.31Log likelihood = -1178.876 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4025802 .0673908 5.97 0.000 .2704967 .5346637 lgdp | .4487795 .1154137 3.89 0.000 .2225728 .6749862 lgdpau | -3.13394 1.44858 -2.16 0.031 -5.973105 -.2947754lgdpdfrati~w | -1.522144 .6548971 -2.32 0.020 -2.805719 -.238569

lpopau | 12.3049 4.96062 2.48 0.013 2.582264 22.02754 lpop | .2216366 .1072817 2.07 0.039 .0113682 .4319049 lxrate1 | -.0824283 .0408336 -2.02 0.044 -.1624606 -.0023959 lremote | -.2508964 .3301087 -0.76 0.447 -.8978975 .3961047 ldist | -1.980768 .4570958 -4.33 0.000 -2.876659 -1.084877

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lopen | -.1126908 .1490291 -0.76 0.450 -.4047825 .1794008 english | .7219372 .2496109 2.89 0.004 .2327088 1.211166 white | 12.36587 1.366146 9.05 0.000 9.688271 15.04347 lwhitemg | -1.339903 .1165233 -11.50 0.000 -1.568284 -1.111521 _cons | -109.1403 46.2288 -2.36 0.018 -199.7471 -18.5335------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004542 lgdp | -.004664 .01332 lgdpau | -.005712 .008772 2.09838lgdpdfrati~w | -.003884 .004901 .03842 .42889 lpopau | .020315 -.049062 -6.99942 .040139 24.6078 lpop | .000665 -.007272 -.000506 -.001274 .002566 .011509 lxrate1 | -.000509 .002344 .001245 .001542 -.010317 -.002105 .001667 lremote | .002982 .000244 -.035833 -.060896 .026363 -.002062 .000902 ldist | .01872 -.017276 -.028445 -.016158 .055686 .014147 -.000291 lopen | .000419 -.000394 .009317 .000059 -.08352 .004169 -.000721 english | -.006384 .009984 .011642 .020081 -.026138 -.002989 .003831 white | .023159 -.045854 -.018628 -.066171 .081619 .048142 -.007004 lwhitemg | -.002368 .002706 -.001775 .000142 .000505 -.003765 .000676 _cons | -.317961 .572279 61.4474 -1.51349 -224.578 -.155064 .107796

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .108972 ldist | .030701 .208937 lopen | .008504 .00442 .02221 english | -.02042 -.015446 -.010694 .062306 white | .03796 .165958 -.008413 .064346 1.86636 lwhitemg | .006072 -.017768 .000825 -.007053 -.1479 .013578 _cons | -.665331 -2.35877 .98873 .247689 -2.61777 .170166 2137.1

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Exports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1284.61Log likelihood = -961.8993 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2697322 .0428382 6.30 0.000 .1857708 .3536936 lgdp | .278881 .086147 3.24 0.001 .110036 .447726 lgdpau | -2.501539 1.115827 -2.24 0.025 -4.688519 -.3145591lgdpdfrati~w | -4.451912 .4662997 -9.55 0.000 -5.365842 -3.537981 lpopau | 9.945335 3.851699 2.58 0.010 2.396144 17.49453 lpop | .2369162 .0720815 3.29 0.001 .095639 .3781934 lxrate1 | -.0932616 .0266189 -3.50 0.000 -.1454336 -.0410896 lremote | .4147363 .194182 2.14 0.033 .0341466 .7953259 ldist | -2.409012 .2469701 -9.75 0.000 -2.893065 -1.92496 lopen | -.0769918 .0536284 -1.44 0.151 -.1821015 .0281179 english | .2561502 .1509752 1.70 0.090 -.0397558 .5520562 white | 9.932401 .7794864 12.74 0.000 8.404635 11.46017

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lwhitemg | -.9034203 .068868 -13.12 0.000 -1.038399 -.7684414 _cons | -79.61151 35.86829 -2.22 0.026 -149.9121 -9.310967------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001835 lgdp | -.002222 .007421 lgdpau | -.002458 .005573 1.24507lgdpdfrati~w | -.002585 .004547 -.045467 .217435 lpopau | .010901 -.028821 -4.2149 .227803 14.8356 lpop | .001108 -.00509 -.002412 -.002195 .012471 .005196 lxrate1 | -.000118 .001085 .00083 .000337 -.006163 -.000987 .000709 lremote | .003069 -.004011 -.005287 -.016025 -.004321 .001691 .000423 ldist | .006703 -.008511 -.012304 -.008905 .048298 .00621 .000181 lopen | -.000037 .000039 .004472 .001815 -.022948 .000705 -.000085 english | -.000558 .002139 -.000134 .002328 .003807 -.000781 .000688 white | .014463 -.027454 -.023407 -.029825 .077391 .029767 -.005572 lwhitemg | -.001073 .000984 .000926 .000399 -.003434 -.001779 .000402 _cons | -.183516 .365538 37.397 -2.64226 -135.868 -.185698 .06432

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037707 ldist | .023813 .060994 lopen | .000921 .000675 .002876 english | .000703 .012308 -.00057 .022794 white | .061756 .082474 .002696 .010467 .607599 lwhitemg | -.002331 -.005902 -.000323 -.000663 -.049679 .004743 _cons | -.284877 -1.2109 .238241 -.230874 -1.90758 .121924 1286.53

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Exports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 735.63Log likelihood = -1444.519 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3650843 .0865003 4.22 0.000 .1955468 .5346217 lgdp | .2923176 .1406013 2.08 0.038 .0167442 .567891 lgdpau | -.8537186 1.244536 -0.69 0.493 -3.292963 1.585526lgdpdfrati~w | -.7984737 .6053768 -1.32 0.187 -1.98499 .388043 lpopau | 9.683464 4.212211 2.30 0.022 1.427684 17.93925 lpop | .077383 .1405102 0.55 0.582 -.198012 .352778 lxrate1 | -.0886498 .0467915 -1.89 0.058 -.1803595 .0030599 lremote | .2665761 .2695382 0.99 0.323 -.2617091 .7948612 ldist | -2.054963 .4975383 -4.13 0.000 -3.03012 -1.079806 lopen | -.3277624 .1743254 -1.88 0.060 -.6694339 .0139092 english | 1.499651 .3299255 4.55 0.000 .8530095 2.146293 white | 20.23795 1.843006 10.98 0.000 16.62573 23.85018 lwhitemg | -1.958942 .1770211 -11.07 0.000 -2.305897 -1.611987 _cons | -126.2176 39.43555 -3.20 0.001 -203.5099 -48.92533------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007482 lgdp | -.009263 .019769 lgdpau | -.009305 .011064 1.54887lgdpdfrati~w | -.002058 -.001968 .131512 .366481 lpopau | .031436 -.029461 -5.0604 -.236842 17.7427 lpop | .003038 -.01218 -.001814 .001904 -.018409 .019743 lxrate1 | .000442 .001032 -.000184 .000089 .002581 -.001768 .002189 lremote | .002081 .001358 -.045846 -.060745 .003013 -.000463 -.000553 ldist | .020888 -.019985 -.045895 -.033125 .090922 .018662 .001939 lopen | -.00066 -.000252 .007944 -.005239 -.091847 .007062 -.001214 english | -.009689 .011343 .012505 .004341 -.049573 -.001291 .003307 white | .034834 -.07482 -.039079 -.049365 .023396 .082016 .002875 lwhitemg | -.003321 .005118 -.000774 -.00029 -.004471 -.005916 -.000315 _cons | -.374285 .170276 43.8377 .957834 -161.572 .133152 -.060041

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .072651 ldist | .044452 .247544 lopen | .011077 .005707 .030389 english | -.004116 .025427 -.006891 .108851 white | .041727 .173731 -.001124 .112729 3.39667 lwhitemg | .001385 -.015986 .000586 -.00924 -.316764 .031336 _cons | .141363 -2.99456 1.09468 .059045 -1.19894 .238052 1555.16

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 762.31Log likelihood = -244.9409 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0164842 .0172495 0.96 0.339 -.0173241 .0502926 lgdp | .0112798 .0426652 0.26 0.791 -.0723425 .0949021 lgdpau | .0465001 .2616007 0.18 0.859 -.4662278 .559228lgdpdfrati~w | -.078104 .1547411 -0.50 0.614 -.381391 .225183 lpopau | 3.060659 .955359 3.20 0.001 1.188189 4.933128 lpop | .2916952 .0525457 5.55 0.000 .1887076 .3946828 lxrate1 | -.0266844 .0140562 -1.90 0.058 -.0542341 .0008653 lremote | -.064418 .0944084 -0.68 0.495 -.2494551 .120619 ldist | -3.425812 .3349512 -10.23 0.000 -4.082304 -2.76932 lopen | -.0347569 .0257088 -1.35 0.176 -.0851451 .0156313 english | 1.024838 .1333547 7.69 0.000 .7634673 1.286208 white | 19.22744 1.363451 14.10 0.000 16.55512 21.89975 lwhitemg | -1.536676 .1254729 -12.25 0.000 -1.782598 -1.290753 _cons | -22.84531 10.78005 -2.12 0.034 -43.97383 -1.716797------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000298 lgdp | -.000199 .00182 lgdpau | .000379 -.001392 .068435

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lgdpdfrati~w | -.000358 .000667 -.00548 .023945 lpopau | -.001541 .006315 -.235481 .028492 .912711 lpop | -.000073 -.001454 .000386 .000059 -.004262 .002761 lxrate1 | .000027 -5.3e-06 .000444 .000366 -.003428 .000023 .000198 lremote | .000159 .000901 -.005884 -.000534 .018398 -.000256 .000072 ldist | .001336 .001779 -.007086 -.000597 .025035 .00016 -.000347 lopen | .000028 -.000056 .000058 -.000076 -.00132 .000091 -.000027 english | -.000238 -.000057 -.000483 -.000478 .011114 .001349 .000043 white | .001144 -.008021 .004908 -.005342 -.033538 .011579 .000379 lwhitemg | -.000171 .000309 -.00049 .00038 .001729 -.000804 -2.3e-07 _cons | .005935 -.110719 2.25799 -.358553 -9.44972 .051008 .046483

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008913 ldist | .009876 .112192 lopen | -.000047 -.000379 .000661 english | .000932 .013069 -.0006 .017783 white | .005983 .022708 -.000596 .029144 1.859 lwhitemg | -.000257 -.004017 .000086 -.003039 -.166178 .015743 _cons | -.340517 -1.44081 .024653 -.326797 .146834 .031423 116.21

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 882.24Log likelihood = -1312.092 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2316833 .0580438 3.99 0.000 .1179196 .345447 lgdp | .6587332 .1101855 5.98 0.000 .4427736 .8746928 lgdpau | -4.591893 1.8357 -2.50 0.012 -8.1898 -.9939863lgdpdfrati~w | .0409733 .8237075 0.05 0.960 -1.573464 1.65541 lpopau | 12.80383 6.356998 2.01 0.044 .3443453 25.26332 lpop | .2881802 .1230484 2.34 0.019 .0470098 .5293505 lxrate1 | -.0518508 .0356938 -1.45 0.146 -.1218093 .0181077 lremote | -.8802115 .327998 -2.68 0.007 -1.523076 -.2373472 ldist | -2.569089 .5431939 -4.73 0.000 -3.633729 -1.504448 lopen | -.1395868 .1824539 -0.77 0.444 -.4971898 .2180161 english | .3262748 .2567073 1.27 0.204 -.1768621 .8294118 white | 11.28273 1.476339 7.64 0.000 8.389158 14.1763 lwhitemg | -1.287781 .1561656 -8.25 0.000 -1.59386 -.9817023 _cons | -76.00233 59.40909 -1.28 0.201 -192.442 40.43736------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003369 lgdp | -.004333 .012141 lgdpau | -.00485 .009085 3.3698lgdpdfrati~w | -.005042 .005759 -.056713 .678494 lpopau | .019586 -.05319 -11.3934 .464957 40.4114 lpop | .001582 -.008359 .002698 -.002308 -.023877 .015141 lxrate1 | -.000373 .001664 .00176 .003911 -.01109 -.001094 .001274 lremote | .005289 -.009758 -.020411 -.056787 .034997 .001735 -.0056 ldist | .020163 -.019987 -.017966 -.033399 -.034261 .015895 -.000187 lopen | -.000589 .000238 .020184 -.004284 -.171172 .00834 -.000985

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english | -.001463 .005104 .005695 .0165 -.026996 .001198 .003377 white | .029765 -.056862 -.032615 -.020462 .168735 .057735 -.002472 lwhitemg | -.002564 .00313 .000081 -.003053 -.002117 -.004462 -.000432 _cons | -.377702 .79136 100.797 -6.20369 -370.752 .111721 .161822

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .107583 ldist | .04863 .29506 lopen | .017231 .01224 .033289 english | -.017056 .020937 -.005598 .065899 white | .058067 .231471 -.005602 .10383 2.17958 lwhitemg | .004705 -.023968 .001444 -.012979 -.220704 .024388 _cons | -1.21031 -2.07295 1.94267 .079556 -4.47502 .243087 3529.44

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 321.39Log likelihood = -675.9153 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0654546 .0437887 1.49 0.135 -.0203697 .151279 lgdp | .158296 .1003087 1.58 0.115 -.0383055 .3548975 lgdpau | -.0577456 .7913636 -0.07 0.942 -1.60879 1.493299lgdpdfrati~w | .2276803 .2783193 0.82 0.413 -.3178156 .7731761 lpopau | -1.679132 2.724491 -0.62 0.538 -7.019036 3.660773 lpop | .6572037 .1008487 6.52 0.000 .4595438 .8548635 lxrate1 | .0421961 .0307407 1.37 0.170 -.0180546 .1024468 lremote | -.0708456 .2708782 -0.26 0.794 -.6017571 .4600659 ldist | -1.929861 .5422932 -3.56 0.000 -2.992736 -.8669855 lopen | .0148743 .0533196 0.28 0.780 -.0896301 .1193788 english | 1.663628 .3396499 4.90 0.000 .9979267 2.32933 white | 14.50207 2.50122 5.80 0.000 9.599768 19.40437 lwhitemg | -1.161983 .2298257 -5.06 0.000 -1.612433 -.7115331 _cons | 34.99407 26.30752 1.33 0.183 -16.56772 86.55586------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001917 lgdp | -.001486 .010062 lgdpau | .002327 -.001763 .626256lgdpdfrati~w | -.001186 .002119 -.019696 .077462 lpopau | -.014275 .000098 -2.09809 .075061 7.42285 lpop | .000173 -.007045 -.001008 -.000432 .004997 .01017 lxrate1 | .000154 .000325 .001516 .001679 -.009753 -.000466 .000945 lremote | .000796 .005212 -.037451 -.010368 .120142 -.00356 -.000727 ldist | .007907 -.001014 -.001142 -.001562 -.046973 .00427 .0023 lopen | .000144 -.000584 -.001807 .003375 .003214 .000952 -.000086 english | -.004196 -.006447 .002278 .00653 -.00971 .013906 .002086

white | .004903 -.049572 .044989 -.005202 -.174132 .058809 .001107 lwhitemg | -.000833 .002461 -.007329 -.000393 .031637 -.004375 -.000191 _cons | .117046 -.098456 18.773 -.74116 -68.7967 -.068554 .10058

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .073375 ldist | .027132 .294082 lopen | -.000407 .00027 .002843 english | -.014658 .052401 -.00017 .115362 white | -.018216 .099247 .004094 .179246 6.2561 lwhitemg | .005014 -.014499 -.00031 -.016487 -.554007 .05282 _cons | -1.96182 -2.33223 -.009246 -.364051 1.03841 -.21778 692.086

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 384.81Log likelihood = -785.2659 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0281954 .0393508 0.72 0.474 -.0489307 .1053215 lgdp | -.0228616 .0740457 -0.31 0.758 -.1679884 .1222653 lgdpau | .0636788 .7095035 0.09 0.928 -1.326923 1.45428lgdpdfrati~w | .0416568 .2499294 0.17 0.868 -.4481959 .5315095 lpopau | -.1165428 2.42461 -0.05 0.962 -4.868691 4.635605 lpop | .5934911 .077223 7.69 0.000 .4421368 .7448455 lxrate1 | .0022454 .0207368 0.11 0.914 -.0383981 .0428889 lremote | .300655 .2200924 1.37 0.172 -.1307182 .7320282 ldist | -2.424383 .3685403 -6.58 0.000 -3.146708 -1.702057 lopen | .0127209 .0535095 0.24 0.812 -.0921558 .1175975 english | .7915055 .2411579 3.28 0.001 .3188447 1.264166 white | -.0278273 1.740731 -0.02 0.987 -3.439597 3.383943 lwhitemg | .0788367 .1734833 0.45 0.650 -.2611843 .4188576 _cons | 13.05007 23.27865 0.56 0.575 -32.57525 58.67538------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001548 lgdp | -.001279 .005483 lgdpau | -.000172 -.001364 .503395lgdpdfrati~w | -.00034 .001013 -.033972 .062465 lpopau | -.004363 .005395 -1.67492 .109749 5.87873 lpop | .000075 -.004139 .000863 -.000817 -.002581 .005963 lxrate1 | .000116 .000082 -.000481 .001282 -.002377 -.000238 .00043 lremote | .001164 .004246 -.024237 -.005971 .076609 -.003407 -.000243 ldist | .00466 -.003375 -.013829 -.00153 .015946 .005605 .000571 lopen | -.000117 .000168 .00211 .000688 -.00878 .000385 -.000073 english | -.002359 -.005416 -.001385 .003005 -.002261 .009836 .000953 white | .005438 -.031516 .004019 -.009394 -.064671 .032832 .0018 lwhitemg | -.000657 .002105 -.002141 .000383 .01282 -.002353 -.000164 _cons | .042647 -.109374 14.9765 -.937459 -54.5959 -.00447 .047307

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .048441 ldist | .023865 .135822 lopen | .000668 -.000188 .002863 english | -.008 .024223 -.000739 .058157 white | .01662 .021214 -.001283 .100671 3.03014 lwhitemg | .000447 -.00073 .000152 -.007511 -.293462 .030096

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_cons | -1.32535 -1.45137 .078167 -.130255 .759299 -.159184 541.896

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 679.67Log likelihood = -1041.455 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1523229 .0727727 2.09 0.036 .0096911 .2949548 lgdp | .5306593 .1300279 4.08 0.000 .2758094 .7855092 lgdpau | -.6675832 .782411 -0.85 0.394 -2.201081 .8659143lgdpdfrati~w | -.5865014 .3544241 -1.65 0.098 -1.28116 .1081571 lpopau | 7.094728 2.642971 2.68 0.007 1.914601 12.27486 lpop | .4019752 .1122356 3.58 0.000 .1819974 .621953 lxrate1 | -.1326038 .0325226 -4.08 0.000 -.1963469 -.0688607 lremote | .1676031 .2237976 0.75 0.454 -.2710321 .6062382 ldist | -3.122568 .4634381 -6.74 0.000 -4.03089 -2.214246 lopen | .0970838 .0871398 1.11 0.265 -.0737071 .2678747 english | .5102879 .2432317 2.10 0.036 .0335626 .9870132 white | 13.34274 1.892158 7.05 0.000 9.634173 17.0513 lwhitemg | -1.264587 .1800439 -7.02 0.000 -1.617467 -.9117075 _cons | -86.75264 25.20121 -3.44 0.001 -136.1461 -37.35918------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005296 lgdp | -.005787 .016907 lgdpau | -.004232 .004878 .612167lgdpdfrati~w | .00004 -.001442 .033943 .125616 lpopau | .013576 -.025208 -1.99408 -.044821 6.98529 lpop | .001139 -.009959 -.000671 .002036 .004398 .012597 lxrate1 | .000421 .000867 .000671 .000406 -.00403 -.001139 .001058 lremote | .000724 .00541 -.029809 -.025953 .024493 -.00533 .001483 ldist | .014582 -.010988 -.02316 -.002985 .075813 .006122 .000384 lopen | -.000092 3.1e-06 .001152 .002107 -.023005 .001558 -.000453 english | -.004884 .014569 -.000531 -.004021 -.008656 -.00842 -.000236 white | .027785 -.045321 -.05147 -.031979 .085777 .038981 -.002068 lwhitemg | -.002604 .002004 .001856 .000438 -.003605 -.001964 .000094 _cons | -.179894 .149647 17.3913 -.019413 -64.0703 -.043271 .024734

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .050085 ldist | .019466 .214775 lopen | .001935 -.000486 .007593 english | .008198 .022884 -.00327 .059162 white | .042307 .111072 -.00397 .041602 3.58026 lwhitemg | -.000562 -.012666 .000254 -.005868 -.330485 .032416 _cons | -.27138 -2.8123 .321878 -.314521 -1.26046 .141872 635.101

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 890.53Log likelihood = -1129.599 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2634928 .0729516 3.61 0.000 .1205102 .4064753 lgdp | .4974151 .1077425 4.62 0.000 .2862437 .7085866 lgdpau | .3990692 1.198464 0.33 0.739 -1.949876 2.748015lgdpdfrati~w | -1.099053 .5753491 -1.91 0.056 -2.226716 .0286107 lpopau | 1.527873 4.086664 0.37 0.709 -6.481842 9.537588 lpop | .1906199 .1100483 1.73 0.083 -.0250709 .4063106 lxrate1 | -.0249305 .0375284 -0.66 0.506 -.0984848 .0486238 lremote | .2733737 .286247 0.96 0.340 -.28766 .8344075 ldist | -2.798107 .4690568 -5.97 0.000 -3.717441 -1.878772 lopen | -.1001466 .0967032 -1.04 0.300 -.2896814 .0893883 english | 1.105606 .2899144 3.81 0.000 .5373842 1.673828 white | 12.42684 1.210482 10.27 0.000 10.05433 14.79934 lwhitemg | -1.211778 .1178856 -10.28 0.000 -1.442829 -.9807263 _cons | -22.02073 38.32127 -0.57 0.566 -97.12903 53.08757------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005322 lgdp | -.005363 .011608 lgdpau | -.005112 .007994 1.43632lgdpdfrati~w | -.003622 .004998 .038896 .331027 lpopau | .011958 -.028616 -4.75614 .053831 16.7008 lpop | .0016 -.008151 -.003574 -.001217 .009318 .012111 lxrate1 | .000536 .000568 .001864 .000717 -.011229 -.00089 .001408 lremote | .004984 -.003649 -.031412 -.04818 .003829 -.000305 .001395 ldist | .016277 -.01128 -.031132 -.02644 .070842 .004492 -.000499 lopen | -.000255 .000828 -.000096 .000722 -.025064 .000827 -.000379 english | -.005181 .010074 .004318 .000661 .000363 -.006671 -.001011 white | .030813 -.050916 -.054722 -.038136 .110862 .051138 -.000853 lwhitemg | -.002536 .002964 .002095 -.001198 -.00724 -.003629 .000138 _cons | -.197906 .295297 41.6467 -1.66427 -152.674 -.111737 .122853

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .081937 ldist | .047119 .220014 lopen | .004345 .00156 .009352 english | .001223 .037875 -.003317 .08405 white | .083627 .131243 -.008062 .021121 1.46527 lwhitemg | -.001373 -.013137 .000468 -.003743 -.135253 .013897 _cons | -.301317 -2.76035 .345697 -.596217 -2.22102 .211594 1468.52

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 391.16Log likelihood = -1203.291 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2355655 .0534871 4.40 0.000 .1307327 .3403984 lgdp | .2827845 .1032419 2.74 0.006 .0804342 .4851348 lgdpau | -2.160065 1.360182 -1.59 0.112 -4.825971 .5058423lgdpdfrati~w | -2.196561 .6213848 -3.53 0.000 -3.414453 -.9786694 lpopau | 6.422347 4.642979 1.38 0.167 -2.677725 15.52242 lpop | .2036115 .0893958 2.28 0.023 .0283989 .378824 lxrate1 | -.0995617 .0387391 -2.57 0.010 -.175489 -.0236345 lremote | 1.065772 .2694708 3.96 0.000 .5376191 1.593925 ldist | -1.266911 .4505258 -2.81 0.005 -2.149925 -.3838968 lopen | .0223497 .1203216 0.19 0.853 -.2134763 .2581756 english | .5813319 .1967721 2.95 0.003 .1956657 .966998 white | 7.84879 1.298284 6.05 0.000 5.3042 10.39338 lwhitemg | -.6322644 .1255757 -5.03 0.000 -.8783882 -.3861405 _cons | -49.59819 43.15671 -1.15 0.250 -134.1838 34.98741------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002861 lgdp | -.002703 .010659 lgdpau | -.004346 .006505 1.85009lgdpdfrati~w | -.001625 .000083 .085874 .386119 lpopau | .015347 -.037022 -6.16387 -.1507 21.5573 lpop | .000454 -.006086 -.000312 .000103 .001483 .007992 lxrate1 | .000267 .001424 .000764 .000529 -.006457 -.001478 .001501 lremote | .001045 .000457 -.030523 -.049377 .054098 .000207 -.00054 ldist | .011326 -.002819 -.024836 -.02501 .044068 .002592 .000803 lopen | -.000059 -.000099 .008566 .001041 -.064118 .003489 -.000362 english | -.003285 .007093 .007537 .005756 -.024233 -.001768 .000635

white | .014244 -.03056 -.034072 -.054052 .098309 .03329 -.004819 lwhitemg | -.001511 .000848 -.000204 .000496 .002452 -.00191 .000123 _cons | -.220128 .33136 54.0136 .520444 -196.041 -.02663 .068305

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .072615 ldist | .036463 .202973 lopen | .005151 .006984 .014477 english | -.007297 .008931 -.002843 .038719 white | .051101 .099999 .005168 .034912 1.68554 lwhitemg | .001337 -.012204 -.000474 -.004525 -.153394 .015769 _cons | -1.04541 -2.35529 .687276 .044782 -2.01818 .090871 1862.5

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 591.08Log likelihood = -979.564 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1608691 .0481518 3.34 0.001 .0664933 .2552449 lgdp | .475097 .0956423 4.97 0.000 .2876416 .6625525 lgdpau | -1.586411 1.35597 -1.17 0.242 -4.244063 1.071241lgdpdfrati~w | -1.125274 .5592036 -2.01 0.044 -2.221293 -.0292547 lpopau | 4.800952 4.660272 1.03 0.303 -4.333013 13.93492 lpop | .09279 .0843935 1.10 0.272 -.0726183 .2581984 lxrate1 | -.0430892 .0378507 -1.14 0.255 -.1172752 .0310967 lremote | -.7020398 .294344 -2.39 0.017 -1.278943 -.1251362 ldist | -2.987622 .4247368 -7.03 0.000 -3.820091 -2.155154 lopen | -.0260612 .1062405 -0.25 0.806 -.2342888 .1821664 english | .6234531 .1944635 3.21 0.001 .2423116 1.004595 white | 11.28104 1.68813 6.68 0.000 7.972364 14.58971 lwhitemg | -1.122399 .1508679 -7.44 0.000 -1.418095 -.8267038 _cons | -11.0988 43.69976 -0.25 0.800 -96.74875 74.55116------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002319 lgdp | -.002461 .009147 lgdpau | -.00285 .005342 1.83865lgdpdfrati~w | -.000939 .000354 -.030059 .312709 lpopau | .010335 -.026926 -6.17561 .187017 21.7181 lpop | .000348 -.005322 -.001597 -.000436 .005661 .007122 lxrate1 | -.000082 .001355 .002336 .001949 -.013299 -.001263 .001433 lremote | .002438 .000076 -.021366 -.036033 .055645 .00116 -.001978 ldist | .011315 -.008662 -.02295 -.013565 .060444 .003603 -.000738 lopen | -.00024 -.00034 .005713 .005279 -.048376 .002453 -.000122 english | -.002494 .002335 .007225 .007574 -.02503 -.000343 .002348 white | .012728 -.034335 .015595 -.023712 -.01038 .032226 -.005009 lwhitemg | -.001148 .001345 -.00293 -.000386 .007092 -.00185 .000257 _cons | -.188201 .276162 54.5615 -2.19341 -199.154 -.085569 .166711

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .086638 ldist | .048343 .180401 lopen | .003122 .002005 .011287 english | -.018358 .004016 -.002639 .037816 white | .039087 .111872 -.000779 .035504 2.84978 lwhitemg | .001129 -.01019 .000221 -.003337 -.245888 .022761 _cons | -1.56891 -2.45931 .581384 .28391 -1.45037 .054115 1909.67

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 973.80Log likelihood = -1562.087 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4505931 .0606095 7.43 0.000 .3318007 .5693855 lgdp | .1922247 .1143581 1.68 0.093 -.0319131 .4163625 lgdpau | -2.197785 1.731186 -1.27 0.204 -5.590847 1.195276lgdpdfrati~w | -1.13611 .5765674 -1.97 0.049 -2.266162 -.0060592 lpopau | 17.72505 5.903578 3.00 0.003 6.154245 29.29585 lpop | .546905 .1072327 5.10 0.000 .3367327 .7570774

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lxrate1 | -.1103732 .0405377 -2.72 0.006 -.1898257 -.0309208 lremote | .3889793 .3126125 1.24 0.213 -.22373 1.001689 ldist | -2.06942 .449036 -4.61 0.000 -2.949515 -1.189326 lopen | -.1229015 .1451342 -0.85 0.397 -.4073594 .1615563 english | .1559369 .2466027 0.63 0.527 -.3273955 .6392694 white | 17.56818 2.688602 6.53 0.000 12.29862 22.83774 lwhitemg | -1.66766 .2629445 -6.34 0.000 -2.183022 -1.152299 _cons | -230.6233 54.78358 -4.21 0.000 -337.9971 -123.2495------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003674 lgdp | -.003837 .013078 lgdpau | -.005013 .006586 2.997lgdpdfrati~w | -.002464 .003951 -.038579 .33243 lpopau | .016005 -.034264 -9.98945 .141987 34.8522 lpop | .001003 -.00865 -.002124 -.002034 .006428 .011499 lxrate1 | -.000338 .002048 -.000626 .003047 -.00645 -.00166 .001643 lremote | .004823 -.002033 -.048386 -.018763 .068459 .002009 .001246 ldist | .016968 -.011777 -.038225 -.000743 .110013 .008822 .000143 lopen | -.000047 -.001284 .005222 .00998 -.038406 .004595 -.000181 english | -.002316 .007235 .007034 .003014 -.051274 -.002459 .002537 white | .009191 -.031826 -.037455 -.047473 -.108291 .039384 .001961 lwhitemg | -.000663 .000611 -.001526 .001336 .018085 -.001625 -.0002 _cons | -.285922 .376354 87.8269 -1.55389 -317.423 -.134254 .083063

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .097727 ldist | .050555 .201633 lopen | .006125 .006023 .021064 english | -.010865 .013595 -.004278 .060813 white | .12579 -.028576 .002262 .01237 7.22858 lwhitemg | -.003522 .003633 .000057 -.001487 -.695602 .06914 _cons | -1.19451 -3.1611 .351051 .486761 2.01024 -.246859 3001.24

. closed on: 2 Aug 2006, 11:15:11--------------------------------------------------------------------------------