bt32R0729

Code No: V3205/R07

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2010 ESTIMATING AND COSTING

(CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer the Part - A

Answer any three Question from Part - B

*****

Part – A

1. Estimate the required quantities and provide rate analysis for the following

data from the given plan (Fig: 1) by using centre line method.

Earth work excavation in foundation

C.C in foundation

Brick work in sub structure

Plastering

D.P.C.

First class brick work in super structure [50 M]

Part – B

2. [3 X 10 M]

(a)Distinguish the contractor and the contract And What are the types of

contracts and explain?

(b)What points to be considered in case of “Rates of Particular item of

work” and explain?

(c)What do you understand about the Valuation and explain in detail

(d)Write the standard specifications for different items of building

constructions and explain?

(e)What do you understand about the Contract Documents and explain?

Fig: 1

Code No: V3205/R07


(CIVIL ENGINEERING)


Answer the Part - A


*****

Part – A

1. Estimate the required quantities and provide rate analysis for the

following data from the given plan (Fig: 2) by using individual wall

method.


C.C in foundation

First class brick work in foundation (C.M of 1:4)

First class brick work in super structure

Painting or white washing

Flooring with 1: 4 C:M [50 M]

Part – B

2. [3 X 10 M]

(a)What is approximate method of Estimation and explain?

(b)Explain the types and conditions of contracts in detailed?

(c)What do you understand about the bar bending and what factors plays

major roll in case if bar bending?

(d)What do you understand about the Valuation and explain in detail

(e)Explain the principle and procedure for the earth work of roads and

canals?

Fig:2

Code No: V3205/R07


(CIVIL ENGINEERING)


Answer the Part - A


*****

Part – A


data from the given plan (Fig: 3) by any one method.


C.C in foundation

Second class brick work in foundation (C.M of 1:4)


Flooring with 1: 4 C:M [50 M]

Part – B

2. [3 X 10 M]

(a)What are the Principles of working out quantities and explain them in

brief?

(b)Explain the conditions of contracts in detailed?




(e)What are the points to be considered in case of “Rates of particular item

of work” and explain?

Fig: 3

Code No: V3205/R07


(CIVIL ENGINEERING)


Answer the Part - A


*****

Part – A


data from the given plan (Fig: 4) by any one method.


C.C in foundation

Second class brick work in foundation (C.M of 1:4)


Flooring with 1: 4 C:M

Sand filling basement [50 M]

Part – B

2. [3 X 10 M]

(a)What are the Principles of working out quantities and explain them in

brief?

(b)Explain the conditions of contracts in detailed?




(e)What are the points to be considered in case of “Rates of particular item

of work” and explain?

Fig: 4

Code No: V3219/R07 Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010VLSI DESIGN

( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &Communication Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering and Electronics &

Telematics)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

? ? ? ? ?

1. With neat sketches, explain in detail, all the steps involved in electron lithographyprocess. [16]

2. (a) Define the threshold voltage of a MOS device and explains its significance.

(b) Explain the effect of threshold voltage on MOSFET current equation. [8+8]

3. Draw the stick diagram and layout for

(a) NMOS inverter.

(b) P-Well CMOS inverter. [8+8]

4. Calculate on resistance of the circuit shown in the figure 4 from VDD to GND. Ifn- channel sheet resistance Rsn=104 Ω per square and P-channel sheet resistanceRsp = 3.5× 104 Ω per square. [16]

Figure 4

5. (a) Draw and explain the schematic of Pseudo-nMOS comparator.

(b) Draw and explain the structure of multiplier which computes the partial prod-ucts in a radix-2 manner. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the methods of programming of PAL CMOS device.

(b) Draw and explain the architecture of an FPGA . [8+8]

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7. (a) Explain how VHDL is developed and where it was used initially.

(b) What are the different design capture tools? Explain them briefly. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the gate level and function level of testing.

(b) A sequential circuit with ?n? inputs and ‘m’ storage devices. To test thiscircuit how many test vectors are required.

(c) What is sequential fault grading? Explain how it is analyzed. [6+4+6]

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1. (a) What are the steps involved in the nMOS fabrication?

(b) In what way PMOS fabrication is different from nMOS fabrication.

(c) Which fabrication is preferred and why? [8+4+4]

2. (a) Derive an equation for Transconductance of an n channel enhancement MOS-FET operating in active region.

(b) A PMOS transistor is operated in triode region with the following parameters.VGS=- 4.5V, Vtp= -1V; VDS=-2.2 V, (W/L) =95, µnCox =95µA/V 2. Find itsdrain current and drain source resistance. [8+8]

3. Draw the stick diagram and layout for

(a) NMOS inverter.

(b) P-Well CMOS inverter. [8+8]

4. Describe three sources of wiring capacitances. Explain the effect of wiring capaci-tance on the performance of a VLSI circuit. [16]

5. (a) Design a magnitude comparator based on the data path operators.

(b) Draw the Schematic and mask layout of array adder used in Booth Multiplierand explain the principle of multiplication in Booth Multiplier. [6+10]

6. (a) Draw the typical standard-cell structure showing regular-power cell and ex-plain it.

(b) Draw and explain the pseudo-nMOS PLA schematic for full adder and whatare the advantages and disadvantages of it. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the advantages of Hardware Description Languages and give someexamples?

(b) Explain the different types of simulators used to predict and verify the per-formance of given circuit. [8+8]

8. (a) Why stuck-at faults occur in CMOS circuits? Explain with suitable logicaldiagram and layout.

(b) Draw a schematic for a CMOS edge-sensitive scan-register and also draw somecircuit level diagrams of its implementation. [8+8]

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1. With neat sketches explain BICMOS fabrication process in a P well. [16]

2. (a) Find gm for an n-channel transistor with Vgs=1.2V: Vtn =0.8V; (W/L) = 10;µnCox = 92µA/V 2.

(b) Define the term threshold voltage of MOSFET and explain its significance.[8+8]

3. Design a stick diagram and layout diagram for the CMOS logic shown belowY = (A + B) (C + D). [16]

4. (a) For a 5µm technology,the standard unit of capacitances for metal 1,polysiliconand n-diffusion are 0.0075 Cg, 0.1 Cg and 0.25 Cg respectively. Calculatethe capacitances for area shown in figure 4. Consider same area for calculation.

i. metal

ii. polysilicon

iii. n-diffusion.

(b) Impliment a 3-input NOR gate in dynamic logic and explain its operation.[8+8]

Figure 4

5. (a) Explain how the transistor might be sized to optimize the delay through thecarry stage in parallel adder.

(b) Design a two input XOR using a ROM. [8+8]

6. (a) What are the characteristics of 22V10 PAL CMOS device and draw its I/Ostructure.

(b) Explain any one chip architecture that used the antifuse and give its advan-tages. [8+8]

7. (a) What are basic design units of VHDL? Explain them with suitable examples.

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(b) Compare the circuit-level and logic-level simulations for CMOS circuits.[8+8]

8. (a) Explain the functionality test of a chip with suitable examples.

(b) What are the categories of Design for testability? Explain them briefly. [8+8]

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1. Explain the following:

(a) Thermal oxidation technique

(b) Kinetics of thermal oxidation. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the operation of BiCMOS inverter? Clearly specify its characteristics.

(b) Explain how the BiCMOS inverter performance can be improved. [8+8]

3. (a) Draw the following transistors using lambda based design rules

i. NMOS enhancement

ii. NMOS depletion

iii. PMOS enhancement.

(b) Discuss the design rules for wires (both NMOS and CMOS) using lambdabased design rules. [2+2+2+10]

4. Describe three sources of wiring capacitances. Explain the effect of wiring capaci-tance on the performance of a VLSI circuit. [16]

5. (a) Draw the multiplier array using a square array and explain the operation ofmultiplication.

(b) How is the parity generator designed as a linear column of XOR gates with atree routing channel and draw the layout of it. [8+8]

6. (a) What are different classes of Programmable CMOS devices? Explain thembriefly.

(b) What is the basis for standard-cell? What are basic classes of circuits forLibrary cells? [8+8]

7. (a) Explain how VHDL is used to simulate and synthesise a CMOS circuit.

(b) Write a VHDL program for a Multiplexer with parameterized bit width. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain how function of system can be tested.

(b) Explain any one of the method of testing bridge faults.

(c) What type of faults can be reduced by improving layout design? [6+5+5]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010DESIGN OF MACHINE MEMBERS-II

(Mechanical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. A rolling contact bearing is subjected to the following work cycle:

(a) radial load of 6000N at 150 r.p.m for 25% of the time;

(b) radial load of 7500N at 600 r.p.m for 20% of the time; and

(c) radial load of 2000N at 300 r.p.m for 55% of the time.

The inner ring rotates and loads are steady .Select a bearing for an expected averagelife of 2500hours. [16]

2. The following data refer to a 4-stroke cylinder vertical engine.Piston diameter=125mmStroke=150mmSpeed of the engine=1200r.p.mWeight of the reciprocating parts =45NDesign stress for the material used =80N/mm2

Design a suitable connecting rod and check for stresses due to inertia. [16]

3. (a) What are the requirements of a piston material?

(b) Design a CI piston for a single acting four stroke petrol engine of the followingspecifications :

Cylinder bore = 100mmStroke Length =120mmMaximum gas pressure = 5MPaBreak mean effective Pressure =0.65MPaFuel Consumption = 0.17kg/bhp/minSpeed =220rpm

[4+12]

4. (a) Draw the distribution of bending stresses in curved beams.

(b) Determine the stresses at section X-X of the punch as shown in figure 4b, W= 2 kN. [8+8]

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Figure 4b

5. (a) What is meant by creep of a belt and what is its effect?

(b) A belt,100×10mm is transmitting power at 15m/s. The angle of contact on thedriver (smaller ) pulley is 1560. If the permissible stress for the belt material is2N/mm2; determine the power that can be transmitted at this speed. Take thedensity of leather as 1000kg/m3, and coefficient of friction as 0.25. Calculatethe maximum power that can be transmitted by this belt, and the speed atwhich this can be transmitted. [4+12]

6. A motor shaft rotating at 1440rpm has to transmit 15kW power to a low speed shaftrotating at 500rpm. A 200 pressure angle involute tooth gear pinion is used. Thepinion has 25 teeth. Both gear and pinion are made of cast iron having allowablestrength of 55N/mm2. Design a suitable gear drive. Check wear load, dynamicload, static load. [16]

7. A screw press is to exert a force of 60kN with an applied torsional moment of550Nm. The unsupported length of the screw is 0.45 and a thrust bearing ofhardened steel on CI is provided at the power end. The screw is to be made of steelhaving an ultimate strength of 530MN/mm2 and a yield stress of 265MN/mm2. Thedesign stresses are to be 87.5MN/mm2 in tension and compression 52.5MN/mm2

in shear and 14MN/mm2 in thread bearing. The nut is of CI and the permissibleshear is 21MN/mm2. Determine the dimension of the screw and nut. [16]

8. Briefly explain the procedure of speed diagram. [16]

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1. (a) What are the dimensionless parameters used in designing hydrodynamic bear-ing? Explain their significance.

(b) A 3 kN load is supported by a journal bearing of 75mm dia and 75mm long.Diametral clearance 0.05 mm and bearing is lubricated by an oil of 0.0207Pa S viscosity at operating temperature. Determine the maximum speed ofrotation of bearing when it is capable of dissipating 80 watts by heat transfer.1 centipoise =103 Pa S. [6+10]

2. Design an overhang crankshaft with two main bearings for an I.C enginewith the Following data:Cylinder bore = 250mmStroke length =300mmFlywheel weight =27kNMaximum pressure=2.5N/mm2

Maximum torque is at crank rotation 300, the pressure at that instant = 1.7 N/mm2.[16]

3. The piston of an automobile engine is held to the connecting rod by a wrist pinhaving an external diameter of 20mm and internal diameter of 11mm. The lengthof the bearing in the rod end is 25mm and the bearing in each boss of the pistonis 15mm. The maximum load transmitted is 14.50kN.

(a) Determine the bearing pressure between the rod end and the wrist pin.

(b) Compare the maximum bending stress in the pin, assuming that it is a simplebeam with a uniform load.

(c) Compute the maximum deflection of the pin. [16]

4. A load P=15 kN is applied on a C-clamp as shown in the figure 4. Determine thestresses at the points A and B. [16]

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Figure 4

5. (a) Classify the wire ropes, based on the direction of twist.

(b) A rope drive is to transmit 250kW from a pulley of 1.2m diameter, running ata speed of 300 rpm. The angle of lap may be taken as π radians. The groovehalf angle is 22.50. The ropes to be used are 50mm in diameter. The massof the rope is 1.3 kg per meter length and each rope has a maximum pull of2.2kN, the coefficient of friction between rope and pulley is 0.3. Determinethe number of ropes required. If the overhung of the pulley is 0.5m, suggestsuitable size for the pulley shaft if it is made of steel with a shear stress of40MPa. [6+10]

6. (a) What is the herringbone gear? Where are they used?

(b) A helical cast steel gear with 30o helix angle has to transmit 35kW at 2000r.p.m. If the gear has 25 teeth, find the necessary module, pitch diametersand face width for 20o full-depth involute teeth. The static stress for cast steelmay be taken as 100MPa. The face width may be taken as 3 times the normalpitch. The tooth form factor is given by expression yI= 0.154-0.912 / TE,where TE represents the equivalent number of teeth. The velocity factor isgiven by Cv = 6/ (6+V) where V is the peripheral speed of the gear in m/s.

[4+12]

7. (a) Sketch the different thread profiles.

(b) A sluice weighing 600kN is raised and lowered by means of two square threadedscrews. The coefficient of friction between the thrust collar and screw is 0.003and that between the screw and that between the screw and nut is 0.05. Designthe screw and the nut. Assume the data if necessary. [6+10]

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8. Briefly explain the procedure of speed diagram. [16]

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1. A journal bearing with a diameter of 200mm and length 150mm carries a load of20kN, when the journal speed is 150r.p.m. The diametral clearance ratio is 0.0015.If possible, the bearing is to operate at 350C ambient temperature without externalcooling with a maximum oil temperature of 900C. If external cooling is required, itis to be as little as possible to minimize the required oil flow rate and heat exchangersize.

(a) What type of oil do you recommend?

(b) Will the bearing operate without external cooling?

(c) If the bearing operates without external cooling, determine the operating oiltemperature?

(d) If the bearing operates with external cooling, determine the amount of oil inkg/min required to carry away the excess heat generated over heat dissipated,when the oil temperature rises from 850C to 900C, when passing through thebearing. [16]

2. A crank shaft of the center- crank type is to be designed for a diesel engine devel-oping 7.5kW on brake at 1200r.p.m. The crank shaft is of the forged type has tocarry two fly wheels of 500N each on either side of the main bearing. The plane ofrotation of each flywheel is 100mm from the center line of adjacent main bearing.The maximum load on connecting rod is 35kN. The length of stroke of piston is160mm and the length of connecting rod 320mm. Maximum torque will be expe-rienced in the crank shaft when the crank turns 300 from the inner dead centerposition. The maximum permissible stress in crank pin, web and shaft should notexceed 60N/mm2, the safe limit for the bearing stress for the crank pin and themain bearings is 800N/mm2. Design the crank shaft. [16]

3. (a) How the piston head of an IC engine is usually cooled? What are the advan-tages of cooling ?

(b) A horizontal four stroke diesel engine has the following speciation:Break Power =5kWSpeed = 1200 rpmImep = 0.35 N/mm2

Mechanical efficiency = 80%Calculate the dimensions of the cylinder and the cylinder head. [6+10]

4. A Circular ring of rectangular section, with a slit is loaded as shown in the figure4. Determine the magnitude of the force P if the maximum resultant stress along

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the section a-b is not to exceed 150 N/mm2. Draw the stress distribution along ab.[16]

Figure 4

5. (a) With the help of sketches, discuss about the various types of belt joints.

(b) In an open flat belt drive; the pulley diameters are 300mm and 450mm, andthe corresponding angles of lap are 1600 and 2000. The smaller pulley runs at240 r.p.m. The coefficient of friction between the pulleys and belt is 0.3. It isfound that the belt is on the point of slipping when 5kW power is transmitted.To increase the power transmitted; two alternatives are suggested, viz.,

i. increasing the initial tension by 15%, and

ii. increasing the coefficient of friction by 15%. Which of the above twomethods would be more effective? [4+12]

6. (a) Write the expression for static strength, limiting wear load and dynamic loadfor helical gears and explain the various terms used.

(b) Two precision cut forged helical gears have 200 full depth involute teeth. Theangleof helix is 230. Permissible static bending stress 100MPa, module 3mm,face width 500mm. The speed of rotation of pinion 900rpm.gear ratio 5:1,sur-face endurance strength 630MPa. Find the transmitted and wear load andstate whether the design is safe. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the procedure of checking the design of a screw for buckling.

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(b) A 50kN capacity screw jack consists of a square threaded steel screw, meshingwith a bronze nut. The nominal diameter is 70mm and the pitch is 10mm.The permissible bearing pressure at the threads is 7N/mm2. Determine

i. the length of the nut and

ii. the transverse shear stress induced in the nut. [6+10]

8. Explain the following:

(a) Design of drives

(b) Force analysis of lathe guide ways. [8+8]

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1. (a) Explain the following terms:

i. Rated life

ii. Basic load rating

iii. Dynamic load.

(b) Select the suitable dimensions for a journal bearing which is subjected to3.5kN radial load. The diameter and length of the bearing are 75mm each.The journal rotates at 400r.p.m. [6+10]

2. Design a mild steel connecting rod with an I section for a single cylinder sparkignition engine from the following data :Diameter of piston, D=0.104mWeight of reciprocating parts =18.2NLength of connecting rod from centre to centre=0.314mStroke length=0.14mSpeed of the engine=1500rev/minMaximum explosion pressure = 2.28MPa gaugeAssume that the maximum thrust takes place at T.D.C. during the explosion stroke.

[16]

3. Design a trunk type cast iron piston for an I.C. Engine from the following data:Diameter of the Cylinder = 10cmStroke = 15cmMaximum explosion pressure = 3.5MPaMaximum permissible tension for cast iron for the design of head thickness is 30MPaand the flexural stress for the pin may be taken from 90 to120Mpa. The gudgeonpin should be hardened and ground and should turn in phosphor bronze bushing.Bearing pressure should be limited to 20MPa.Sketch the piston inserting important dimensions of the piston with piston pin,piston ring and scraper ring in position. Check the design from heat transfer viewpoint. [16]

4. Starting from fundamentals derive an expression for radius of neutral axis of arectangular cross- section curved beam. [16]

5. (a) On what factors, the design of belts depends?

(b) Select a suitable V-belt drive to connect a 7.5kW, 1440 rpm induction motorto run a fan at approximately 480 rpm for a service of 16hrs per day. Thespace available for centre distance is 1000mm. [3+13]

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6. Design a pair of helical gears to transmit 50kW power at a speed reduction ratioof 5:1. The input shaft rotates at 3000rpm. Take helix and normal pressure anglesequal to 25 degree and 20degree. Both pinion and gear are made of steel (thefollowing data is given)Name of the part Permissible BHNPinion 55MPa 340MPaGear 40MPa 300MPa

The number of teeth on the pinion may be taken 20. [16]

7. A vertical square threaded screw of a 75mm nominal diameter and 10mm pitch,supports a vertical load of 50kn. It passes through the boss of a spur gear of 72teeth, which acts as a nut. For raising or lowering the load, the spur gear is turnedby means of a pinion having 24 teeth. The mechanical efficiency of the gear is90%. The axial thrust on the screw is taken-up by a collar bearing having a meandiameter of 110mm. The coefficient of friction for the screw and nut is 0.15, andthat for collar bearing is 0.12. Determine,

(a) the torque applied to the pinion shaft,

(b) the maximum (principal) shear stress induced in the screw, and

(c) height of the nut, if the permissible bearing pressure is 12MPa. [16]

8. Design the head stock gear box of a lathe having arrangement for 10 spindle speedsranging from 50 to 1000 rev/min. [16]

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III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010COMPUTER NETWORKS

( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technologyand Electronics & Computer Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) What is the relationship between telecommunications and data communica-tions? Is one a subset of other? Give reasons for your answers?

(b) What are the different goals and applications of networking? Give five reasonsof how networks are a part of our lives? [8+8]

2. (a) Television channels are 6MHz wide. How many bits/sec can be sent if fourlevel digital signals are used? Assume a noiseless channel

(b) How does a virtual circuit differ from a physical circuit? What advantageswould a virtual circuit provide? [8+8]

3. (a) Discuss the error control technique which is commonly used in data network.What value of N is used in go-back-N ARQ technique used in ARPANET andwhy?

(b) Imagine that you are writing the data link software for a line used to senddata to you, but not from you. The other end uses HDLC, with a 3-bitsequence number and a window size of seven frames. You would like to bufferas many out of sequence frames as possible to enhance efficiency, but you arenot allowed to modify the software on the sending side. Is it possible to havea receiver window greater than one, and still guarantee that the protocol willnever fail? If so, what is the largest window that can be safely used? [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss about fast Ethernet cabling?

(b) Explain various token bus control frames? [8+8]

5. What is non- adaptive routing. Explain any two non- adaptive routing algorithms.[16]

6. (a) What is the significance of home agent and Foreign agent in routing for mobilehosts?

(b) Why tunneling is used for routing in mobile hosts? [10+6]

7. (a) Compare a conventional TDM leased line with an ATM PVC from the user’spoint of view and from the network operator’s point of view. Which featureof PVC makes it attractive from both points of view.

(b) Explain how ATM fixed size cells makes cell switching quicker.

(c) What are the applications which use constant bit rate and variable bit rateservices of ATM? [5+5+6]

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8. (a) What are the fields in message header of email system?

(b) What are SMTP types & subtypes? Explain them. [6+10]

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1. (a) What are the distinct characteristics of local area networks, explain briefly?Why is a LAN required and what objectives are achieved by having a LAN

(b) A group of 2n− 1 routers are interconnected in a centralized binary tree, with

a router at each tree node. Router i communicate with router j by sending amessage to the root of the tree. The root then sends the message back downto j. Derive an approximate expression for the mean number of hops permessage for large n, assuming that all router pairs are equally likely. [8+8]

2. (a) Write a brief notes on:

i. Radio transmission

ii. Microwave transmission. [8+8]

(b) Discuss about Narrow band ISDN?

3. (a) Explain one -bit sliding window protocol. Give the advantages and disadvan-tages of one-bit sliding window protocol?

(b) Discuss the services provided by the data link layer to the network layer?[8+8]

4. What is a token? Discuss the protocol of token ring LAN in general. Discuss withexample how priority is implemented in a token ring LAN? [16]

5. Routing can be classified in to two types Source routing and hop-by-hop routing.In source routing, source determines the complete route, places the route in thepacket header and intermediate routers just switch packets from one link to otherlink. In hop-by-hop routing each router maintains a routing table and when packetarrives on input link it places it on output link based on routing table. Comparethe relative advantages & disadvantages of these two routing approaches. [16]

6. (a) What are ATM Service categories? Explain.

(b) What is Quality of Service? How ATM supports Quality of Service? [8+8]

7. (a) Network layer can provide both connection oriented service and connectionless service. Similar is the case with Transport layer, then why two differentlayers are required.

(b) What are the Transport layers Quality of Service parameters? [8+8]

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8. (a) When user clicks a hyperlink, what are the steps that occur between the user’sclick and the page being displayed?

(b) What is proxy server? How proxy server works?

(c) Explain the http request methods? [5+6+5]

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1. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Client server model

(b) MAN

(c) Interfaces and services. [4+6+6]

2. (a) Television channels are 6MHz wide. How many bits/sec can be sent if fourlevel digital signals are used? Assume a noiseless channel

(b) How does a virtual circuit differ from a physical circuit? What advantageswould a virtual circuit provide? [8+8]

3. (a) What is flow control? Why is essential at the data link layer? Mention fewtechniques for the same?

(b) Explain how the band width wastage is reduced in case of sliding windowprotocol with selective repeat? [8+8]

4. (a) Explain any two protocols that resolve the contention for the channel with outany collisions at all?

(b) A very heavily loaded 1?km?long, 10-Mbps token ring has propagation speed of200 m/µsec. Fifty stations are uniformly spaced around the ring. Data framesare 256-bits, including 32 bits of overload. Acknowledgements are piggybackedonto the data frames and are included as spare bits within the data framesand are effectively free. The token is 8 bits. Is the effective data rate of thishigher or lower than the effective data rate of a 10-Mbps CSMA/CD network?

[8+8]

5. (a) Explain Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm.

(b) Consider graph given figure 5b. Compute the shortest path from A to D. [8+8]

Figure 5b

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6. (a) Explain Load shedding for congestion control.

(b) What is Jitter? Why it is important to control jitter for Audio and Videoapplications? How Jitter is controlled? [6+10]

7. (a) Explain the protocol scenarios for establishing a connection using three wayhandshake.

(b) Why abrupt connection release results in data loss? [12+4]

8. What is DNS? What is its use? How DNS works? [16]

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1. (a) How does Internet differs from WAN?

(b) Give an example where we require

i. Simplex communication

ii. Half duplex communication

iii. Full duplex communication.

(c) What are the two reasons for using layered protocols. [6+6+4]

2. (a) If a binary signal is sent over a 3KHz channel whose signal to noise ratio is20dB. What is the maximum achievable data rate?

(b) Which switching method allows real-time data transfer? Mention the advan-tages of packet switching? [8+8]

3. (a) Give the detailed description of PPP frame format?

(b) Explain the following terms related to the data link layer

i. Framing

ii. Error control

iii. Flow control. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss about the file key assumptions in case of dynamic channel allocationin LANs and WANs?

(b) Discuss in detail the working of token bus? [8+8]

5. (a) Two approaches can be used for ordering of packets, buffering all the packets atthe receiver and then reordering them or receiver accepts only packets in orderand sender retransmits packets if necessary. Compare these two approaches.

(b) Consider an environment in which probability of errors is high. What shouldbe packet size in such an environment, Large/ Small? Justify your selection.

[10+6]

6. Explain in detail

(a) OSPF and

(b) BGP. [8+8]

7. (a) In TCP Why three?way handshake is required for connection establishmentand release.

1 of 2


(b) Why TCP is not suitable for request?reply type of transfers?

(c) As application developer under what circumstances you use TCP and underwhat circumstances you use UDP? [6+5+5]

8. (a) Classify security problems and explain each of them.

(b) What is the role played by different layers in providing security? [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

2 of 2


III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-II

(Chemical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Give a brief account of diagnosing reactor ills in a reactor expected to be aplug flow reactor.

(b) The concentration readings in the table represent a continuous response to thepulse input into a closed vessel which is to be used as a chemical reactor for aliquid decomposing with rate -rA = kCA, k = 0.307min - 1

Time t, min 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Tracer output concentration, 0 3 5 5 4 2 1 0Cpulse gm/liter fluid

Find the fraction of reactant unconverted in the real reactor and compare this withthe fraction unconverted in a plug flow reactor of the same size. [6+10]

2. (a) Discuss about axial dispersion and the dispersion model. What are its limita-tions and applications?

(b) RTD studies were carried in a tubular reactor ( L = 1.21 m, 35 mm ID ). Asquirt of NaCl solution ( 5 N ) was rapidly injected at the reactor entrance andmixing cup measurements were taken at the exit. From the following resultscalculate the vessel dispersion number, also the fraction of reactor volumetaken up by the baffles. ( ν = 1300 ml/min ) [8+8]

t, sec NaCl sample0 - 20 020 - 25 6025 - 30 21030 - 35 17035 - 40 7540 - 45 3545 - 50 1050 - 55 555 - 70 0

3. (a) A viscous liquid is to react while passing through a tubular reactor in whichflow is expected to follow the convection model. What conversion can weexpect in this reaction if plug flow in the reactor will give 80% conversion?Reaction follows zero- order kinetics.

(b) Write short notes on convection model and its RTD. [8+8]

4. (a) Sketch the contacting patterns which can give the same exponential decayRTD.

1 of 2


(b) For a single fluid, discuss the role of segregation and earliness of mixing withrespect to

i. effect of kinetics, or reaction order

ii. effect of mixing factors for non- first order reactions,

iii. effect of conversion level and

iv. effect on product distribution. [8+8]

5. The rate law for the hydrogenation (H) of ethylene (E) to form ethane (A) over aCobalt - molybdenum catalyst is-rE= K PEPH / (1 + KEPE)Suggest a mechanism and rate limiting step consistent with rate law. High lightthe most difficult part in finding the mechanism. [16]

6. Tell how many rate steps are involved in the burning of a carbon particle in anC + O2→ CO2

Ignore the possible formation of COSketch the schematics and explain. [16]

7. Explain about the following decay reactions:

(a) Parallel deactivation

(b) Series deactivation

(c) Side-by-side deactivation

(d) Independent deactivation. [4+4+4+4]

8. What is the difference between progressive conversion model and the shrinking coremodel? Explain with suitable examples. [16]

? ? ? ? ?

2 of 2





? ? ? ? ?

1. A pulse test on a piece of reaction equipment gave the following results: The outputconcentrations rose linearly from zero to 0.5 µmol/dm3 in 5 min, then fell linearlyto zero in 10 min after reaching the maximum value.

(a) Calculate in tabular form the values of E(t) and F(t) at 1 min intervals

(b) What is the mean residence time? If the flow rate were 150 gal/min, whatwould be the total reactor volume? A second order reaction with kCA0 = 1.2min - 1 is carried out in the system. [16]

2. (a) Write about dispersion model and mention its applications and limitations

(b) An injected slug of tracer material flows with its carrier fluid down a long,straight pipe in dispersed plug flow. At point A in the pipe the spread oftracer is 16m. At point B, 1 kilometer downstream from A, its spread is 32m.What do you estimate its spread to be at a point C, which is 2 kilometersdownstream from point A? [8+8]

3. A reactor with a number of dividing baffles is to be used to run the reactionA → R with -rA = 0.05 CA mol/liter. min.

Time, min 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Concentration 35 38 40 40 39 37 36 35reading

(a) How many tanks in series is this vessel equivalent to?

(b) Calculate XA assuming mixed flow.

(c) Calculate XA assuming the tanks-in-series model. [6+5+5]

4. (a) Find the expression for conversion of a macrofluid in two equal-size mixedreactors for a zero-order reaction. If conversion is 99% for the microfluid,what is it for a macrofluid having the same reaction rate?

(b) Consider a single reacting macrofluid being processed in turn in batch, plugflow and mixed flow reactors. How does the degree of segregation affect theconversion in each case? [10+6]

5. A solid catalyzed gaseous reaction has the form A + B → C. Sketch curves of theInitial rate (rate at zero conversion) Vs the total pressure for the following case.The Mechanism is reaction between adsorbed A and adsorbed B molecules on theCatalyst. The controlling step is the surface reaction. [16]

1 of 2


6. What is Thiele modulus. Discuss its physical significance with reference to thediffusion in a single catalyst pore. Sketch the profile for effectiveness factor versusThiele modulus. [16]

7. What is catalyst deactivation? How and why it occurs? What are the factors thatare responsible for deactivating a porous catalyst pellet? [16]

8. What is Henry’s law? Discuss its role in gas-liquid reaction. If Henry’s constantsare 0.01 and 1000atm.lit/mol. What do you understand by them? [16]

? ? ? ? ?

2 of 2





? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) What are the various reasons for deviation from ideal flow?

(b) Explain RTD and the step experiment for determining E.

(c) A reactor with a number of dividing baffles is to be used to run the reactionA → R with -rA = 0.05CA mol/liter.min. A pulse rate test gives the followingcurve.

Time, min 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70ConcentrationReading 35 38 40 40 39 37 36 35

(a) Calculate XA assuming mixed flow.

(b) Calculate XA directly form the data. [2+6+8]

2. Tubular reactors for thermal cracking are designed on the assumption of plug flow.On the suspicion that nonideal flow may be an important factor now being ignored,let us make a rough estimate of its role. For this assume isothermal operations ina 2.5-cm ID tubular reactor, using a Reynolds number of 10,000 for flowing fluid.The cracking reaction is approximately first order. If calculations show that 99%decomposition can be obtained in a plug flow reactor 3 m long, how much longermust the real reactor be if nonideal flow is taken into account? [16]

3. A reactor with a number of dividing baffles is to be used to run the reactionA → R with -rA = 0.05CA mol/liter.min . A pulse tracer test gives the followingcurve.

Time, min 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Concentration 35 38 40 40 39 37 36 35

Reading

(a) Calculate the variance of the curve

(b) How many tanks in series is this vessel equivalent to?

(c) Calculate XA assuming the tanks-in-series model. [8+2+6]

4. (a) Explain the difference in behavior of microfluids and macrofluids in a mixedflow reactor.

(b) Derive the expression for a zero order reaction of a macrofluid in a mixed flowReactor. [8+8]

1 of 2


5. What is a catalyst? Explain its role in a chemical reaction with suitable examples.Describe about the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. [16]

6. The irreversible reaction.A(g) + B(s) → R(g)

Takes place on a solid catalyst B. Dilute A diffuses through a stagnant film onto aplane surface containing B. There A and B react to yield R. The reaction is secondorder with respect to ‘A’ Derive the over all rate of reaction interms of Kg, Ks, andCg at steady state. [16]

7. Sketch quantitatively the reactant ,product and activity profiles as a function oflength at various times for a packed bed reactor for the case kd k. In addi-tion,sketch the effluent concentration of A as a function of time. [16]The reaction is simple isomerizationA→BRate law : -r′

A = k aCA,Decay law: rd = kd aCA.

8. What is a fluid-fluid reaction? How it differ from fluid-solid reaction? Give someexamples of fluid-fluid reactions of industrial importance, gas-liquid and liquid -liquid reactions. [16]

? ? ? ? ?

2 of 2





? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Define RTD and write about the experimental methods of determining RTD.

(b) A pulse input to a vessel gives the results shown in figure 1

i. Check the material balance with the tracer curve to see whether the resultsare consistent.

ii. If the result is consistent, determine V and sketch the E curve. [8+8]

Figure 1:

2. (a) Write about dispersion model and mention its applications and limitations

(b) Water is drawn from a lake, flows through a pump and passes down a longpipe in turbulent flow. A slug of tracer (not an ideal pulse input) enters theintake line at the lake and is recorded downstream at two locations in the pipeL meters apart. The mean residence time of fluid between recording points is100sec and variance of the two recorded signals is

σ2

1= 800 sec2

σ2

2= 900 sec2

What would be the spread of an ideal pulse response for a section of this pipe,free from end effects and of length L/5? [8+8]

3. (a) Assuming plug flow we calculate that a tubular reactor 12m long would give96% conversion of A for the second order reaction A→ R. However the fluid isvery viscous, and flow will be strongly laminar, thus we expect the convectionmodel, not the plug flow model, to closely represent the flow. How long shouldwe make the reactor to insure 96% conversion of A?

(b) Give a brief account of chemical conversion in laminar flow reactors. [10+6]

1 of 2


4. (a) Find the expression for conversion of a macrofluid in two equal-size mixedreactors for a zero-order reaction. If conversion is 99% for the microfluid,what is it for a macrofluid having the same reaction rate?

(b) Consider a single reacting macrofluid being processed in turn in batch, plugflow and mixed flow reactors. How does the degree of segregation affect theconversion in each case? [10+6]

5. What is a catalyst? Explain its role in a chemical reaction with suitable examples.Describe about the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. [16]

6. How the particle size of the pellet will be affecting controlling mechanism of therate in a slurry reaction. Identify the rate controlling mechanisms by observing the

ln

(

1/rcr

)

versus ln dp profiles on lag-log graph figure 2. [16]

Figure 2:

7. What are the experimental devices used for collecting experimental data to estimatethe kinetic parameters of a catalytic reaction. Explain the strategy of applicationsof those devices for different reactions. [16]

8. Derive an expression to calculate the time required for complete conversion of par-ticle when resistance through the gas film is controlling. List out the assummptionsclearly. [16]

? ? ? ? ?

2 of 2


III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010OPTOELECTRONIC AND LASER INSTRUMENTATION

(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) The velocity of light in the core of a step index fiber is 2.01 ×108ms

−1,and thecritical angle at the core cladding interface is 800. Determine the numericalaperture and the acceptance angle for the fiber in air, assuming it has a corediameter suitable for consideration by ray analysis. The velocity of light invacuum is 2.999 ×108

ms−1.

(b) An optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and a core refractive indexof 1.59 determine.

i. The acceptance angle for the fiber in water which has refractive index of1.33.

ii. The critical angle at the core cladding interface. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain why LEDs are primary sources in optical fiber communication system.Write the advantages and disadvantages of LED.

(b) With the assistance of a neat diagram, describe the process of spontaneousand stimulated emissions. [8+8]

3. (a) What is meant by tunable laser? Explain how tunability is achieved.

(b) Describe in detail the construction and working of Alexandrite laser. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss in detail about the different light modulating techniques that are usedin optical sensors.

(b) What is meant by photometric filtering? How is it used in optical sensors?[8+8]

5. (a) With neat diagram explain about laser fusion in power plants.

(b) With necessary diagrams explain how lasers are useful in surgery. [8+8]

6. (a) Discuss in detail about holographic computer memories.

(b) With revalant sketches explain about recording and reconstruction of volumeholograms. [8+8]

7. Discuss in detail about the following with necessary diagrams

(a) Lasers and their tissue interaction

(b) Laser instruments for sugary. [8+8]

8. (a) With the assistance of an equivalent circuit, describe the function and opera-tion of APD device.

1 of 2


(b) Define photocurrent gain. What are the elements that contribute to pho-tocurrent gain? What is the relationship between reverse biasing voltage andphotocurrent gain? [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

2 of 2





? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Explain the phenomenon of pulse dispersion in step index fibers.

(b) Explain about intramodal and intermodal dispersion in optical fibers. [8+8]

2. (a) Describe, with suitable diagram, three common techniques used for the me-chanical splicing of optical fibers.

(b) Describe the three types of fiber misalignment which contribute to the inser-tion loss at optical fibers joint. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain Einstein’s theory of spontaneous emission and stimulated emission.

(b) Describe the construction and action of carbon dioxide laser. [8+8]

4. (a) Draw and explain the working of pressure sensor based on optical reflection.

(b) Write in detail about the optical sensors that work on principle of variationof Refractive index. [8+8]

5. With neat sketchers explain the following applications of lasers in detail.

(a) Lasers in diagnostics

(b) Laser in photo medicine. [8+8]

6. (a) With neat sketches explain about holographic interferometers.

(b) Discuss in detail about holographic computer memories. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the various laser instruments used for surgery give their merits anddemerits.

(b) Explain with relevant sketches how lasers are useful in the removal of tumorsin vocal cards. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain with relevant diagrams the basic principle of confinement of carriersoptical power in the active region of a double hetrojuntion LED.

(b) Discuss different modulation drive circuits for LED s and explain their oper-ation. [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1





? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) What is meant by light guidance? Explain about the reflection of ray at aplane boundary.

(b) Define ‘Reflectance’ and ‘Reflection coefficient’.

(c) A ray of light enters a glass optical fiber of Refractive index 1.45 surroundedby air. Calculate the angle of incidence greater than which total internalreflection occurs. [8+4+4]

2. (a) Differentiate between the fiber star and tree couplers.

(b) Discuss the major techniques used in the fabrication of multimode fiber star-coupler. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the term ‘population inversion’. How is it achieved.

(b) Under what conditions a set of laser beams are said to be coherent.

(c) Describe the construction of ruby laser. Illustrate the action of ruby laser witha suitable diagram. [4+4+8]

4. (a) Discuss the application of fiber optic fluorescence sensor in measurement ofunderground water contamination,

(b) Explain the working of optical sensor based on optical time-domain reflectom-etry (OTDR). [8+8]

5. (a) What is laser Tracking ? With a neat diagram explain about laser tracking.

(b) With necessary diagram explain how lasers are useful in weather monitoring.[8+8]

6. With necessary diagrams. Discuss in detail about the following:

(a) Holographic recording materials.

(b) Recording and reconstruction of fourier transform holograms. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the advantages of lasers in medical applications?

(b) List out all possible applications of lasers in medicine. [8+8]

8. (a) Write about the Fabry- Perot laser diode and list its operating characteristics.

(b) Draw the current / optical power output wave of fabry- perot laser and explainthe relationship. [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1





? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) What is the velocity of light in vacuum? Calcuate velocity of light in a glasscore optical fiber of refractive index 1.5.

(b) Define critical angle.

(c) Define attenuation. With the assistance of a formula, describe the input /output relationship of a signal traveling through an optical fiber. [2+8+6]

2. (a) What are the fundamental performance characteristics of optical detector?

(b) Draw the schematic and Energy band diagram of a photodiode and explainits operation.

(c) Define response time of a photo diode. [4+8+4]

3. (a) Compare the DFB laser with a Fabry - perot laser

(b) Discuss the techniques to improve the performance of DFB Laser. [8+8]

4. (a) Draw an explain the working of an optical fluid level detector and justify it isand extrinsic sensor.

(b) Explain the working of reflective or photonic sensor for the measurement ofdisplacement. [8+8]

5. (a) With relevant diagrams explain the uses of lasers in material processing.

(b) List out the applications of lasers in Biomedical field. [8+8]

6. (a) Discuss in detail about various methods available in holography.

(b) With necessary diagrams, discuss the principle of operation of holographicinterferometers. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain in detail, how lasers are useful in removal of tumors of vocal cords.

(b) With neat sketches explain how lasers are useful in plastic surgery. [8+8]

8. (a) With the assistance of an equivalent circuit, describe the function and opera-tion of APD device.

(b) Define photocurrent gain. What are the elements that contribute to pho-tocurrent gain? What is the relationship between reverse biasing voltage andphotocurrent gain? [8+8]

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1

Code No: V3253/R07

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2010 FINITE ELEMENT AND MODELLING METHODS

(Aeronautical Engineering)


Answer Any FIVE Questions

All Questions Carry Equal Marks

*****

Explain with two examples equilibrium and energy bases for designing

stiffness and flexibility characteristics.

Consider a uniform bar under linearly varying distributed axial load q=cx.

Apply Raleigh-Ritz method and obtain (a) Displacement (b) Stress

Three dimensional simplex elements are used to find the pressure

distribution in a fluid medium. The xyz-coordinates of nodes I,j,k and l of an

element are given by (2,4,2), (0,0,0), (4,0,0), (2,0,6). Find the shape

functions Ni, Nj, Nk and Nl of the element.

Consider the differential equation.

100400 2

2

2

≤≤=+ xxdx

d φ with the boundary conditions (0)=0, (1)=0. The

functional corresponding to this problem, to we extremised is given by

]dxxdx

dI φ

φ 2

21

0

4002

1+

−=

Code No: V3253/R07

Find the solution of the problem using Raleigh-Ritz method using a one term

solution as (x) =c1x(1-x)

What is isoparametric formulation? Explain with two examples.

A symmetric matrix An x n has a bandwidth mbw and is stored in the matrix

Bn x nbw

(a) Find the location in B that corresponds to A11,14

(b) Find the location in A that corresponds to B6,1

Explain the modeling of boundary conditions for the following

(a) Thermal stress problem - A steel sleeve is inserted into a rigid

insulated wall. The sleeve fits snugly and the temperature is raised by

T, indicate how you model the boundary conditions

(b) An infinite cylinder subjected to external pressure

Explain the mesh generation aspects of CAFEEM.

Code No: V3253/R07

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2010 FINITE ELEMENTS AND MODELLING METHODS





*****

1. Explain equilibrium bases for designing damping and stability

characteristics.

2. How do you choose interpolation functions for finite elements? Explain in

detail with an example.

3. Show that the condition to be satisfied for constant value of the field variable

is =

=r

i

iN1

1where Ni denotes the shape function corresponding to node i and r

represents the number of nodes in the element.

4. A cantilever beam is uniformly loaded with w per unit length. Assuming the

deflection as l

xC

l

xCx

2

3sin

2sin)( 21

ππφ +=

Determine the constants C1 and C2 using Raleigh Ritz method.

5. What is super parametric formulation? Explain with two examples.

6. For a symmetric (10 x 10) matrix with all nonzero elements, determine the

number of locations needed for banded and skyline storage methods.

7. Explain the modeling of boundary conditions for the following problems

(a) Press fit on an elastic shaft

(b) Belleville spring

Explain in detail the mesh generation options of NASTRAN package.

Code No: V3253/R07






*****

1. Explain some bases of the finite element formulations.

2. Explain in detail area and volume coordinates with two examples

3. Triangular elements are used for the stress analysis of a plane subjected to

inplane loads. The components of displacement parallel to (x,y) axes at the

nodes I, j and k of an element are found to the (-0.001, 0.01) (-0.002,0.01)

and (-0.002, 0.02) cm respectively if the (x,y) coordinates of the nodes

shown in the figure are in cm find (a) displacement of the (x,y) displacement

components inside the element , and (b) the components of displacement of

the point (xp,yp)=(30,25) cm.

4. Determine the stiffness matrix of the stepped bar shown.

1

(20,20)

3

(40,40)

2

(40,20)

Code No: V3253/R07

5. What is the subparametric formulation? Explain with two examples.

6. Provide an example to explain how element and node numbering is

performed to reduce the size of the stiffness matrix.

7. Explain the modeling of boundary conditions for the following cases.

(a) Cylinder subjected to internal pressure

(b) Pressfit on a rigid shaft.

8. Describe the mesh generation techniques using NISA.

Code No: V3253/R07






*****

1. Explain in detail the micro and macro mechanical models in FEM.

2. Explain the utility of generalized coordinates in representing continuum and

discrete systems.

3. Assume a rod of length 0.2 m with temperature at x=0 maintained at

1000C.Assume a constant heat source of Q=3(10

6)w/m

3 along the length of

the rod, a boundary heat flux of q=3 (106) w/m

3 along the length of the rod, a

boundary heat flux of q=1.8 (106) w/m

3 removing heat at x=0.2 m and

thermal conductivity of k=6000 w/m.0k. Assume the area of the rod is 0.4

(10-3

) m2. Determine the temperature distribution in the rod.

4. Evaluate the lowest Eigen value and corresponding Eigen mode for the

cantilever beam with the given data.

E= 200 GPa, =7840 kg/m3, I=2000 mm

4, A=240 mm

2, l=5 m

5. The interpolation functions corresponding to node i of a triangular element

can be expressed in terms of natural coordinates L1, L2 and L3 using the

relationship

Ni=f(i)

(Li) f(i)

(L2) f(i)

(L3) (1)

Where f(i)

(Lj)=

01

1)1(1

1

==

≥+−=

pif

pifkmLk

j

p

k

(2)

with i=1,2,…..n;

n=total number of nodes in the element

p=m )(i

jL n= order of the interpolation model

(2 for quadratic, 3 for cubic etc)

Code No: V3253/R07

)(i

jL = value of the coordinate Lj at node i

Using equation (1) find the interpolation function corresponding to node 1 of

a quadratic triangular element.

6. Clearly explain the connectivity and prefront routine employed in frontal

technique.

7. Derive the element matrices and vectors for the axisymmetric triangular

element shown.

8. Explain the mesh generation techniques available in ANSYS.

!


III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION

(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


? ? ? ? ?

1. Explain about the functional units of motherboard and their inter communicationwith typical diagram. [16]

2. (a) What is STE bus conector?

(b) Explain different types of signals on STE bus conector. [4+12]

3. (a) Describe the need for an operating system.

(b) Describe the steps involved in loading whenever the system is booted. [8+8]

4. (a) What are the tasks performed by microprocessor in PLC CPU?

(b) Explain the function of each block in the PLC CPU processor with the helpof block diagram. [6+10]

5. Draw the ladder diagram to represent:

(a) Two switches are normally open and both have to be closed for a motor tooperate.

(b) A lamp is to be switched on if there is an input from sensor A or sensor B.

(c) A light is to come on if there is no input to a sensor.

(d) A motor is switched on by pressing a spring - return push button start switchand the motor remains on until another spring - return push button stopswitch is pressed. [4+4+4+4]

6. Explain the following PLC Matrix functions.

(a) AND and OR matrix functions

(b) Complement and compare matrix functions. [8+8]

7. Write shot notes on the following: [8+8]

(a) Characteristics of PID module

(b) PLC PID operation.

8. Explain the following: [8+8]

(a) Applications of HART protocol.

(b) Advantages of field bus.

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1





? ? ? ? ?

1. Explain in detail the bus structure with in a computer system, with the help of ablock diagram. [16]

2. What is IEEE GPIB interface? Explain the advantages, limitations and specifica-tions. [16]

3. (a) Describe the steps involved in developing assembly language programs.

(b) List out the software tools required in the development process of assemblyLanguage programming. [10+6]

4. Describe the difference between a data processing and a process control computerin detail with diagram. [16]

5. Draw and discuss a ladder diagram to actuate a relay coil when two toggle switchesand one limit switch are actuated. [16]

6. Explain basic PLC functions with examples. [16]

7. Explain P + I controller operation with an example. [16]

8. Explain how the FORCE mode function is used for PLC program testing andanalysis. [16]

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1





? ? ? ? ?

1. What are the different components included on the motherboard of a PC. Drawtypical layout diagram of mother board and explain. [16]

2. (a) What are I/O devices in Data Acquisition and Control system? Explain thefunction of I/O devices in detail.

(b) What are the guide lines to be followed in selecting the data acquisition &control? [8+8]

3. Describe the following DOS interrupts [8+6+2]

(a) Int dos ( )

(b) Int 86 ( )

(c) Int 86 x ( )

4. Describe in detail each block of the PLC CPU power supply including the batterybackup system with the help of block diagram. [16]

5. Explain the basic PLC programming with an example. [16]

6. Explain the different types of registers available in a PLC. [16]

7. Explain different levels of Industrial Control with examples. [16]

8. (a) What is a field bus?

(b) Explain the operation of field bus with a neat diagram. [6+10]

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1





? ? ? ? ?

1. What is a snubber circuit? How do we protect solid state relays from DC transientsand AC transients. [16]

2. (a) What are I/O devices in Data Acquisition and Control system? Explain thefunction of I/O devices in detail.

(b) What are the guide lines to be followed in selecting the data acquisition &control? [8+8]

3. (a) Explain procedure to create Batch files in DOS with examples.

(b) Explain how parameters are passed to Batch files. [8+8]

4. Describe the operation of output module interface with the help of PLC outputmodule used. [16]

5. (a) Explain programming of a PLC with an example.

(b) Explain a ladder logic diagram. [10+6]

6. (a) What are the general characteristics of registers in a PLC.

(b) List the five major types of registers in a PLC. [8+8]

7. Explain PLC PID functions with examples. [16]

8. Explain the following: [8+8]

(a) Applications of HART protocol.

(b) Advantages of field bus.

? ? ? ? ?

1 of 1

Code No: V3262/R07

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2010 IMMUNOLOGY

(Biotechnology)




*****

1. What is the difference between antigens and immunogens? Explain their

chemical biological properties. [16 M]

2. Compare and differentiate T-cell receptor and B-cell receptors. [16 M]

3. Describe general structure and functions of Immunoglobulins. [16 M]

4. a. Explain B-lymphocyte cell lineage

b. What are Dendritic cells? Explain their functions. [8+8 M]

5. Describe Type-I hypersensitive reactions and their mechanism. [16 M]

6. Describe in detail production of monoclonal antibodies and their

applications. [16 M]

7. Write short notes on:

(a) Adjuvants

(b) Diapedesis

(c) Autoimmunity

(d) Abzymes [4+4+4+4 M]


(a) Chimeric Immunoglobulin

(b) MALT

(c) Principle of hypersensitivity

(d) Graft [4+4+4+4 M]

Code No: V3262/R07


(Biotechnology)




*****

1. Describe evidences of graft rejection and its mechanism. [16 M]

2. Explain classification of T- cells and their functions. [16 M]

3. What are different types antigenic determinants on antibody? Classify

antibodies based on the antigenic determinants [16 M]

4. Describe experimental models used treatment of autoimmune diseases .

[16 M]

5. Discuss different applications of monoclonal antibodies. [16 M]

6. What are the different types a granular leucocyte involved in Immune

response? Explain their functions [16 M]


(a) Immunosuppressive drugs

(b) Haptens

(c) Mast cells

(d) Spleen [4+4+4+4 M]


(a) TCR diversity

(b) APC

(c) Autoimmunity

(d) Tumor [4+4+4+4 M]

Code No: V3262/R07


(Biotechnology)




*****

1. Describe differences between primary and secondary lymphoid organs .

[16 M]

2. Describe genetic control of antibody diversity [16 M]

3. Explain classification of T- cells and their activation process. [16 M]

4. Discuss types of hypersensitive reactions and effector mechanisms.[16 M]

5. Explain role of MHC molecules in presentation of antigens. [16 M]

6. Discuss mechanism of activation of B-lymphocytes and effector functions

[16 M]


(a) Innate immunity

(b) Active immunization

(c) Macrophages

(d) Lymph nodes [4+4+4+4 M]


(a) NK cells

(b) Graft rejection

(c) Phagocytosis

(d) IgE [4+4+4+4 M]

Code No: V3262/R07


(Biotechnology)




*****

1. Describe evolution of the Immune system and add a note on innate

immunity. [16 M]

2. Explain function of macrophages and NK cells [16 M]

3. What are the secondary lymphoid organs? Explain their role in immune

response. [16 M]

4. Discuss in detail different types antigen – antibody interactions and their

significance. [16 M]

5. Describe Hybridoma Technology for production of monoclonal antibodies

and their applications. [16 M]

6. What is autoimmunity? Explain different models of treatment of

autoimmune disorders. [16 M]


(a) IgG

(b) Acquired immunity

(c) Antigen processing

(d) Tumors [4+4+4+4 M]


(a) Abzymes

(b) Transplantation

(c) Immunosuppressive drugs

(d) Bone marrow [4+4+4+4 M]