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Rig Components
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7/21/2019 BT2 - Rig Components
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Oilwell Primer Oilwell Primer
Rig Components
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Rig ComponentsRig Components
A rigs main job is to make hole
A multitude of rig components are needed to make
hole
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Divided Into Four SystemsDivided Into Four Systems
Power
Hoisting
Rotating Circulating
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Rig ComponentsRig Components
The Power System
Hoisting
Rotating
Circulating
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Power SystemPower System
Source of power for the rig
Transmission of power to the rig
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Source of Power Source of Power
Almost all rigs use diesel engines because they
produce high torque fuel efficient
The number of engines increase as the depthcapacity power requirements of the rig increase!
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Rig Power - Diesel EnginesRig Power - Diesel Engines
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Power TransmissionPower Transmission
"#CHA$%CA& ' Through Compound
#&#CTR%CA& ' Through #lectrical Cables
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ec!anicalec!anical
SystemSystem
Multiengine and
chain-drive
compound
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Steel Guard
Two steel guards
cover the drive
bands (belts) from
the compound that
drive the mud
pumps
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Diesel Electric SystemDiesel Electric System
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Mud
Pump
Electric
Motor
hain
Guard
Independent motors for eac! systemIndependent motors for eac! system
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Electrical "s# ec!anicalElectrical "s# ec!anical
#lectrical Ad(antages
) $o hea(y* complicated mechanical compound to mo(e*
setup maintain ) #ngines off rig* reduce noise* (ibration heat
) Rotary speed* pump speed* etc! (aried easily
"echanical Ad(antages
) &ess complicated electrical system
) Cheaper to operate
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Rig ComponentsRig Components
The Power System
!oisting
Rotating
Circulating
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$oisting System$oisting System
+rawworks catheads
+errick
Crown block Tra(eling block
,ire rope
Air hoist
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T!e $oisting SystemT!e $oisting System
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Drawwor%sDrawwor%s
Spool'shaped re(ol(ing drum
,ire rope is wrapped around it while hoisting
hea(y loads -and brakes stop the drum
Au.iliary brake absorbs some of the momentum
of a load
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T!e Drawwor%sT!e Drawwor%s
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"ra#e "ands
Drawwor%s &ra%esDrawwor%s &ra%es
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Catline in place of 'ir $oistsCatline in place of 'ir $oists
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Cat!eadCat!ead
A friction cathead pulls on coiled rope to hoist!
An automatic cathead spools in chain is used to
pull tongs! %n addition to catheads* air hoists are popular and
more safe
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Cat!eadsCat!eads
$riction
athead
Ma#eup
athead
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"ecause of safety
regulations% most
operations use airhoists instead of
friction catheads
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Drilling (ine ) &loc%sDrilling (ine ) &loc%s
+rilling line runs from the
draw works /called fast
line0!
To the crown block around a shea(e!
To the tra(eling block
around a shea(e back to
the crown block! The number of raps depends
on the hoisting capacity
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*ire Rope Drilling (ine*ire Rope Drilling (ine
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CrownCrown
Sheave
rown
"loc#
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&rilling 'ine isreeved several
times through the
traveling bloc#sheaves
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&rilling'ine is
reeved
severaltimes
through the
crown bloc#sheaves
rown "loc#
Sheaves
&rilling 'ine
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Dead (ine Tie-DownDead (ine Tie-Down
&ast wrap of the drilling line lea(es the crown and
is secured on the dead line tie'down on the
substructure! This line is called the dead line and is run to the
wire rope supply spool
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Dead (ine Tie Down 'nc!or Dead (ine Tie Down 'nc!or
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Drilling (ine on Supply ReelDrilling (ine on Supply Reel
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Slipping Drilling (ineSlipping Drilling (ine
After specified usage* the drilling line must be
replaced using the supply spool
) Secure blocks ) &oosen line at dead head
) &oosen line at drawworks
) Slip line through blocks
) ,ire rope has ton1miles rating
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Rig ComponentsRig Components
Power
Hoisting
The otating System ) %ncludes the de(ices that make the bit turn
Circulating
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Rotating SystemRotating System
All the pipe between the swi(le and
the bit* including the kelly* the drill
pipe* and drill collars* is the drillstem!
The drill string includes only the
drill pipe!
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SwivelSwivel
Carries weight of drill string
Permits drill string to rotate
Passageway for drilling fluid -ail ' connects swi(el to block
2ooseneck ' connects swi(el to rotary hose
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The large bail of
this swivel hangsfrom the hoo# of
the traveling
bloc#
!oo#
"ail
Goosenec#
Swivel
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+elly+elly
About 34 foot length of 3 to 5 sided pipe
Connects drill string to swi(el carries drill
string Passage way for drilling fluid
6lat sides pro(ide a way to turn the kelly thus
the drill string
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T!e +elly is connected to t!e SwivelT!e +elly is connected to t!e Swivel
*elly
otary !ose
Swivel
Goosenec#
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Standard *elly 'ength is +, feet
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+elly &us!ing Rotates t!e +elly+elly &us!ing Rotates t!e +elly
7elly bushing ' fits on flat side of the kelly
turns the kelly
"aster bushing ' supports turns the kelly bushing
Rotary table ' supports turns the master bushing
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Rig Floor Rig Floor
*elly
Master
"ushing
*elly
"ushing
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Rotary Ta,leRotary Ta,le
2i(es rotary drilling its name
%s dri(en by electric motor or the
compound1drawworks de(ice +ri(es the master bushing thus the drill string
Supports the slips that holds the drill pipe during
connections and tripping
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SlipsSlips
6its around wedges the drill string
Tooth like gripping elements
Slips rotary table can support the drill stringhanging in the well bore
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Slips
Slips prevent the
drill string from
falling throughthe rotary table
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$inal setting point
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Top DriveTop Drive
Replaces a con(entional swi(el
Has a powerful motor that turns the drill string
Rotates up down through tight spots Adds 8 joints of pipe at a time
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Top &rive
Eliminates the need for a
rotary table and you candrill three oints per
connection More
e.pensive% but also more
efficient
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Drill StringDrill String
+rill pipe
+rill collars
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Drill Pipe ) Drill CollarsDrill Pipe ) Drill Collars
&rill Pipe &rill ollar
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Drill PipeDrill Pipe
Carries drilling mud to the bit
Supports the drill collars
Turns the bit Tool joints increase the strength of a drill pipe
connection
+imensions steel grade affect drill pipe strength
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The derric#
hand and floor
hands on this rigset bac# three-
oint stands of
drill pipe
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Tool oint Cross SectionTool oint Cross Section
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'll t!reads are lu,ricated 'll t!reads are lu,ricated
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$loor hands
stab the pin
end of a tool oint into the
bo. end
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Drill CollarsDrill Collars
Carries drilling mud to bit
Supplies weight to run on bit! Collars are hea(ier
than drill pipe Turns the bit
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Drill Collar ,o. and pin endsDrill Collar ,o. and pin ends
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Drill String 'ccessoriesDrill String 'ccessories
Additional pieces of equipment* or tools* in the
drill string when required
-it sub* kelly sa(er sub* cross o(er sub* liftingsub* pup joint* stabili9ers* reamers* upper lower
kelly cock* etc!
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"it Sub
Most bits are pin up% so a sub is
needed to mate with the pin downdrill collars
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Drill Collar (ifting Su,Drill Collar (ifting Su,
Elevators
&rill ollar
'ifting Sub
Elevator Shoulder
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Stabili/er
"lade
$loor hands
position a stabili/er
over the hole prior
to ma#ing it up in
the bottom hole
assembly ("!0)
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Reamer Sta,ili/er 0Roller Reamer1Reamer Sta,ili/er 0Roller Reamer1
utter
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1pper *elly oc# islocated between the
swivel and the top
of the #elly 2hen
closed% it protects
the swivel and
rotary hose from
pressure in the drillstem
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'ower *elly 3alveis located between
the bottom of the
#elly and the top
oint of drill pipe
and is has the same
function as the
upper #elly coc#
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4pen inside blow out preventer losed inside blow out preventer
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&its&its
Roller cone ' steel tooth TC%* journal roller
bearing* sealed and non'sealed
6i.ed cutter ' P+C* natural diamond TSP Additional information co(ered on bits in this
school
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5on-sealed steel
tooth roller
cone bit
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Sealedbearing
carbide
tooth bit
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"arious 2atural Diamond &its"arious 2atural Diamond &its
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Poly-rystalline
&iamond
ompact (P&)
bit