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JOL LB@@ONO BF
OKNJKOOUJKN& ]OLCKB@BNZ
NU+ KBJMI
JKM_\]UJI@ ]UIJKJKN UOWBU]
ECIUI] \IKLCIU KJNID @JDJ]OM,AIDD_ #A&H Ljul`o*
\uedj}}om ]b1
Du+ ]|ciu Njuj
Coim Bf Mowiu}dok}
Lbdw}ou \ljoklo & Oknjkooujkn
\uedj}}om Ez1
\iu}cih Nw}i #767:7977:5*
Lbdw}ou \ljoklo & OknjkooujknJV}c Zoiu #\ol}jbk E*
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ECIUI] \IKLCIU KJNID @JDJ]OM#I Nbv}+ bf Jkmji Ok}owj|o*
B"B LCJOF NOKOUI@ DIKINOU ]O@OLBD
A & H LJUL@O, AIDD_
Kb+ ND"Imdjk"73$7:"5> Mi}om 79$In$7:
]B ^CBD\BOVOU J] DIZ LBKLOUK
]cj| j| }b lou}jfz }ci} D+ \i}cih Nuw}i, Ub`` Kb+ 767:7977:5
|}mok}
bfE+]olc JJJ Zoiu Lbdw}ou \ljoklo, JOL Lb``ono Bf Oknjkoojkn
&
]olckb`bnz, Nuoi}ou Kbjmi ci| |llo||f` z lbdw`o}om |js
~ooh|Jkmu|}ji` ]ijkjkn jk E\K@ i} Aidd #|}iu}jkn fubd :}c Ako 5773
}b
9|} In|} 5773* kmou }co |wouvj|jbk bf }cj| bffjlo+
Cj| woufbudiklo ci| eook be|ouvom jk }co fjo`m bf
\bf}~iuo Wubnuiddjkn ikm Ko}~buhjkn i| lbddokmie`o+ Co ~j`` eo
ik
i||o} }b ikz bunikjqi}jbk+
J ~j|c cjd i`` |llo|| jk ovouz ~i`h| bf `jfo+
Ikuwid Nuw}i
Nokoi` Dikino #Imdjkj|}i}jbk*
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]IE@O BF LBK]OK]\
9+ WUOFILO
5+ JK]UBM_L]JBK
+ EJE@JBNUIWCZ
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WUOFILO
E+]OLC wubnuid j| bko bf }co db|} uow}om wubfo||jbki`lbu|o| jk
}co Jkm|}uz+ ]couo j| ik Jkm|}uji` ]uijkjkn i|
ik jk}onui` wiu} bf E+]OLC+ I| i lbdw`odok}iuz }b }ci}
ovouzbko ci| }b |edj} i uowbu} bk }co ~buh lbkml}om jk
}co jkm|}uz+
]cj| uowbu} j| }c| wuowiuom fbu }co }uijkjkn mbko
i} Eciui} \iklciu Kjnid @jdj}om #E+\+K+@*+ ]cobunikjqi}jbk |ci`
diho i`` wb||je`o offbu}| }b civo i
|oluo ikm |ifo mbdijk+ ]co mi}i"jkfbudi}jbk j| vouz
jdwbu}ik} ikm db|} luj}jli` }b }co e|jko|| uoyjuodok}|8
}couofbuo wubwou doi|uo| |cb`m eo imbw}om |b }ci} }co
jkfbudi}jbk j| ~o`` |oluom ikm wub}ol}om+
\iu}ci
h Nw}i
E+]OLC
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JK]UBM_L]JBK
Eciui} \iklciu Kjnid @}m+ fbudom jk Bl}beou, 5777, j| ^bu`m.|
>}c `iuno|}
]o`olbddkjli}jbk| Lbdwikz wubvjmjkn lbdwuocok|jvo uikno bf
}o`olbd
|ouvjlo| jk Jkmji1 ^juo `jko, LMDI dbej`o, N\D Dbej`o, Jk}ouko},
Eubimeikm,
Liuujou |ouvjlo, DW@\$VWK, V\I], VbJW |ouvjlo|, JK \ouvjlo|
o}l+
Eciui} \iklciu Kjnid @jdj}om #hkb~k i| E\K@, Jkmji
Lbddkjli}jbk|
Lbuwbui}jbk @jdj}om* j| i we`jl |ol}bu lbddkjli}jbk| lbdwikz jk
Jkmji+ J} j|
}co Jkmji.| `iuno|} }o`olbddkjli}jbk lbdwikz ~j}c 5=/ diuho}
|ciuo+ J}|
coimyiu}ou| iuo i} Eciui} \iklciu Eci~ik, Ko~ Mo`cj+ J} ci| }co
|}i}| bf Djkj$
ui}ki $ i |}i}| i||jnkom }b uow}om We`jl \ol}bu lbdwikjo| jk
Jkmji+E\K@ ci|
jk|}i` om Yi j}z ]o`olbd Ko}~buh jk }co lbk}uz ikm kb~ fbl|jkn
bk
jdwubvjkn j}, oswikmjkn }co ko}~buh, jk}ubmljkn ko~ }o`olbd
|ouvjlo| ~j}c JL]
iww jli}jbk| jk vj``ino| ikm ~jkjkn l|}bdou.| lbkfjmoklo+ ]bmiz,
j} ci| ieb}
=>+< dj``jbk `jko ei|jl }o`owcbko liwilj}z, = dj``jbk ^@@
liwilj}z, 57+9 Dj``jbk
N\D Liwilj}z, dbuo }cik \i}o``j}o
\}i}jbk|, =379:6 Uhd bf BFL Lie`o, 6
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E\K@ j| dj`o| icoim bf j}| ujvi`|, ~j}c
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Lbdwikz Kido1 Eciui} \iklciu Kjnid @}m+
]zwo 1 We`jl
Fbkmom 1 9:}c lok}uz, jklbuwbui}om 5777
Coimyiu}ou| 1 Eciui} \iklciu Eci~ik, Ciuj|c Lcikmui Di}cu
@iko, Aikwi}c, Ko~ Mo`cj
LDM1 H`moow Nbzi`
Jkm|}uz1 ]o`olbddkjli}jbk|
\}i}|1 Djkj Ui}ik #i |}i}| i||jnkom }b uow}om we`jl
|ol}bu lbdwikjo| jk Jkmji+*
Wubml}|1 ^juo`o||, ]o`owcbko, Jk}ouko}, ]o`ovj|jbk
Uovoko1 _\- :+6> ej``jbk #577>*
B~kou#|*1 ]co Nbvoukdok} bf Jkmji
^oe|j}o 1 E|k`+lb+jk
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\OUVJLO\
E\K@ wubvjmo| i`db|} ovouz }o`olbd |ouvjlo jk Jkmji+ Fb``b~jkn
iuo }co
dijk }o`olbd |ouvjlo| wubvjmom ez E\K@1
_kjvou|i` ]o`olbd \ouvjlo| 1 Fjsom ~juo`jko |ouvjlo| &
^juo`o||
jk @bli` `bbw #^@@* |jkn LMDI ]olckb`bnz li``om efbko ikm]iuikn
uo|wol}jvo`z+ I| bf Molodeou , E\K@ ci| 39/
diuho} |ciuo bf fjsom `jko|+
Lo```iu Dbej`o ]o`owcbko \ouvjlo|1 E\K@ j| diabu wubvjmou bf
Lo```iu Dbej`o ]o`owcbko |ouvjlo| |jkn N\D w`i}fbud kmou
}co euikm kido E\K@ Dbej`oX5T+ I| bf Diulc E\K@
ci| 9>/ |ciuo bf dbej`o }o`owcbkz jk }co lbk}uz+ Jk}ouko}1
E\K@ wubvjmo| jk}ouko} |ouvjlo| }cubnc mji`$w
lbkkol}jbk #\iklciuko}* i| Wuowijm, #Ko}Bko* i| Wb|}wijm ikm
IM\@ eubimeikm #E\K@ Eubimeikm*+ E\K@ ci| iubkm ?7/
diuho} |ciuo jk eubimeikm jk Jkmji+ E\K@ ci| w`ikkom
innuo||jvo ub``b} jk eubimeikm fbu luuok} fjkiklji` zoiu+
Jk}o``jnok} Ko}~buh #JK*1 E\K@ wubvjmo| JK |ouvjlo| `jho
}o`ovb}jkn, }b`` fuoo li``jkn, wuodjd li``jkn o}l+
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\OL]JBK\
]co E\K@ j| mjvjmom jk}b fb``b~jkn |ol}jbk|1
JS+ DBEJ@O \OL]JBK
S+ O$97E \^J]LCJKN
SJ+ BLE \^J]LCJKN
SJJ+ DMF
SJJJ+ ]UIK\DJ\\JBK \OL]JBK
SJV+ DJLUB^IVO
SV+ WB^OU \]I]JBK
SVJ+ EUBIM EIKM
SVJJ+ LB\]_DOU LIUO
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Dbej`o \ol}jbk
Jk }cj| |ol}jbk ~o `oiuk} cb~ dbej`o lbddkjli}jbk }iho|
w`ilo+
]couo iuo }~b ~iz| ez ~cjlc dbej`o lbddkjli}jbk }iho| w`ilo,
N\D
LMDI
]co Ei|jl ]ik|dj||jbk Wblomuo1
9+ E\L1 Ei|o \}i}jbk Lbk}ub``ou
5+ E]\1 Ei|o \}i}jbk ]UIK\LOJVOU
+ OJU1 Oyjwdok} Jmok}j}z Uonj|}ou
3+ \L1 \cbu} Do||ino Lok}ou
:+ BDL1 Bwoui}jbk ikm Dijk}okiklo Lok}ou
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O$97E #O@OL]UBKJL\ $ 97 EJKIUZ*
Couo ~o lido }b hkb~ ieb} fkl}jbk bf1$$
BDL1 $$ Bwoui}jbk dijk}okiklo lok}uo+
BL1$$Dbkj}bujkn kj}+
O]I1$$Fuoyoklz |okmou ikm uolojvou+
_UD1$$D`}jw`os lbkkol}jbk kj}+#? kj}*
L\O1$$\e|lujeou lbkkol}jbk kj}+
M\F1$$\}ikm ez lciuno kj}+
DU1$$D`}juo|j|}bu #? kj}*
DY1$$Diuhou #5 kj}*
]U1$$]uik|`i}bu #5 kj}*
]S1$$]is #lciunjkn kj}* #5 kj}*
U@D1$$Uodb}o `jkjkn kj}+
LBD1$$\~j}lcjkn dbm`o+
LS1 $$ \~j}lcjkn kj}+
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]IS #]ukh iu}b oslcikno*
]cj| |ol}jbk moi`| ~cok i li``ou wjlh| w }co uolojvou, no}| }co
mji`
}bko ikm cb~ }co li`` j| dimo ikm wublo||om+
]ik|dj||jbk
]co li`` j| }uik|dj}}om fubd }o`owcbko }b1
Li``ou
"
M+W
"
Wj``iu
"
DMF
"
Oslcikno
"
]is
"
Oslcikno
"
DMF
P
Wj``iu
P
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M+W
P
Uolojvou
]couo iuo }~b }zwo| bf domji1
Njmom Domji #BFL*
_k$Njmom Domji+
EUBIMEIKM
I }uokm bf lcikno| jk }o`olbddkjli}jbk }olckb`bnz j| vouz
fi|}+ ]co koom bf cbu j| `iuno eikm~jm}c ikm j}| bw}jdd
}j`jqi}jbk i} uoi|bkie`o lb|}+ Ikz mi}i illo|| ui}o dbuo
}cik
5Dew| j| lbk|jmouom i| eubimeikm illo||+
I| wou }co uolok} eubimeikm wb`jlz bf nbv}+ bf Jkmji, illo||
ui}o bvou 5?6hew| ~j`` lbdo kmou li}onbuz bf eubimeikm
illo||+
Oyujwdok}.| oyujom jk lu|}bdo wodj|o| io
Fj }ou1$]co fj }ou |owiui}o| b} }co |jnki` fbu }o`owcbko+
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#Li``om i| \w`j}}ou*
Dbmod1$]co dbmod mjuol}| }co |jnki` }b WL ikm ]V+
\o} ]bw Ebs #\]E*$]co \]E lbkvou}| }co mjnj}i` JW ei|om
|jnki` }b i fbud lbdwi}je`o ~j}c }co ]V |o}+
WL ikm ]V
^ci} j| M\@2
I cjnc |woom mjnj}i` lbddkjli}jbk `jko
Ci| |ovoui` imvik}ino| bvou b}cou cjnc |woom lbddkjli}jbk
|b`}jbk|+
M\@ uk| bk osj|}jkn lbwwou
M\@ co`w| liuujou| uomlo lbkno|}jbk bk }coju vbjlo$
|~j}lcjkn |z|}od|
Vouz cjnc |woom+
Mi}i Lim
]couo iuo }~b }zwo bf mi}i lium1
9+ JS mi}i lium #|woom $9==hew| #dis**
5+ O$VMB mi}i lium #|woom $ 5Dew|*
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BLE OSLCIKNO \Z\]OD
\i`jok} Foi}uo|1
BLE |}ikm| fbu bunik lbk}ub` ecou|jbk+
Mjnj}i` |~j}lcjkn |z|}od movo`bwom ez LJ] I@LI]O@ bf Fuiklo+
BDL & \"K mw`jli}om+
Viujo}jo| bf |ouvjlo wubvjmom iuo1 ei|jl }o`owcbkz, J\MK,
Dbej`o,
Vjmob}os} o}l+
\wwbu}| mjffouok} }zwo| bf |jnki`jkn |z|}od+
Dis+ kb+ bf akl}jbk| diz eo 67777 ikm
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DIABU _KJ]\ BF BLE \Z\]OD
\ue|ljeo Lbkkol}jbk _kj} #L\K*
I L\K ei|jli``z lbk|j|}| bf 9 ei|jl uilh ikm < os}ok|jbk
uilh|
liwilj}z bf L\K j| ?777+\e| diz eo iki`bn ikm mjnj}i`+
]U_KH & A_KL]JBK LBKKOL]JBK _KJ] #\D]*
J} j| }co jk}oufilo eo}~ook |~j}lcjkn ko}~buh ikm akl}jbk| fubd
b}cou
oslcikno| #bu uodb}o lbkkol}jbk kj}*+
\^J]LCJKN DI]UJS
]co \~j}lcjkn di}ujs j| i |jkn`o |}ino } dimo w bf cb|}
|~j}lcjkn
di}ujs ikm euiklc |o`ol}jbk & idw`jfjli}jbk fkl}jbk, \DS
j|
mw`jli}om+
I_SJ@@JIUZ OY_JWDOK] LBK]UB@ \]I]JBK
#\DI*
J} lbk|j|}| bf fuoyoklz uolojvou"nokoui}bu lbkfouoklo li`` LL]\,
}bko
nokoui}bu| o}l+
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LBK]UB@ _KJ] #\DL*
]co |js lbk}ub` kj}| iuo i| kmou1
D`}j uonj|}ou #DU* fbu lbkkol}jkn ikm mj|lbkkol}jkn li``|+
]uik|`i}bu #]U* fbu |}bujkn oslcikno mi}iei|o+
Lciunjkn kj} #]S* fbu liuuzjkn b} lciunjkn abe|+
Diuhou #DY* fbu woufbudjkn lbkkol}jbk & mj|lbkkol}jbk bf
|e|lujeou|+
Ll|$> lbk}ub``ou #WL* fbu liuuzjkn b} ub}jkn &
}uiffjl
dikinodok} fkl}jbk|+
Di}ujs |z|}od cikm`ou #NS* fbu dbkj}bujkn lbkkol}jbk jk \"K+
BWOUI]JBK & DIJK]OKIKLO _KJ] #\DD*
J} j| BDL fbu |wouvj|jkn fkl}jbk| bf mjffouok} kj}| ikm fbu
}ihjkn |j}ie`o il}jbk| i} }co ovok} bf fi`}|+ Dinko}jl mj|h|
oilc bf
liwiej`j}z 9+5 NE fbu viujb| |}ino|+
Jk }co fjo`m bf}o`olbddkjli}jbk|, i }o`owcbko oslcikno bu
}o`owcbko
|~j}lc j| i |z|}od bf o`ol}ubkjl lbdwbkok}| }ci} lbkkol}|
}o`owcbko
li` |+ I lok}ui` bffjlo j| }co wcz|jli` ej`mjkn |om }b cb|o
jk|jmo
w`ik} oyjwdok} jkl`mjkn }o`owcbko |~j}lco|, ~cjlc diho wcbko
li``|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_plant
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%~buh% jk }co |ok|o bf dihjkn lbkkol}jbk| ikm uo`izjkn }co
|woolc
jkfbudi}jbk+
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DBEJ@O LBDD_KJLI]JBK
Dbej`o wcbko| |okm ikm uolojvo uimjb |jnki`| ~j}c ikz kdeou
bflo`` |j}o
ei|o |}i}jbk| fj}}om ~j}c djlub~ivo ik}okki|+ ]co|o |j}o| iuo
|i``z
dbk}om bk i }b~ou, wb`o bu ej`mjkn, `bli}om }cubncb} wbw`i}om
iuoi|,
}cok lbkkol}om }b i lie`om lbddkjli}jbk ko}~buh ikm |~j}lcjkn
|z|}od+
]co wcbko| civo i `b~$wb~ou}uik|lojvou }ci} }uik|dj}| vbjlo ikm
mi}i }b
}co koiuo|} lo`` |j}o|, kbudi``z kb} dbuo }cik 3 }b 9< hd
#iwwubsjdi}o`z ?
}b 3 dj`o|* i~iz+
^cok }co dbej`o wcbko bu mi}i movjlo j| }ukom bk, j} uonj|}ou|
~j}c }co
dbej`o }o`owcbko oslcikno, bu |~j}lc, ~j}c j}| kjyo jmok}jfjou|,
ikm lik
}cok eo i`ou}om ez }co dbej`o |~j}lc ~cok }couo j| ik jklbdjkn
}o`owcbko
li``+ ]co cikm|o} lbk|}ik}`z `j|}ok| fbu }co |}ubkno|} |jnki`
eojkn uolojvom
fubd }co |uubkmjkn ei|o |}i}jbk|, ikm j| ie`o }b |~j}lc
|oid`o||`z
eo}~ook |j}o|+ I| }co |ou dbvo| iubkm }co ko}~buh, }co
%cikmbff|% iuo
woufbudom }b i``b~ }co movjlo }b |~j}lc |j}o| ~j}cb} jk}ouuw}jkn
}co li``+
Lo`` |j}o| civo uo`i}jvo`z `b~$wb~ou #bf}ok bk`z bko bu }~b
~i}}|* uimjb
}uik|dj}}ou| ~cjlc eubimli|} }coju wuo|oklo ikm uo`iz
lbddkjli}jbk|
eo}~ook }co dbej`o cikm|o}| ikm }co |~j}lc+ ]co |~j}lc jk }uk
lbkkol}|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Switching_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobility_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Switching_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobility_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_site
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}co li`` }b ikb}cou |e|lujeou bf }co |ido ~juo`o|| |ouvjlo
wubvjmoubu }b
}co we`jl }o`owcbko ko}~buh, ~cjlc jkl`mo| }co ko}~buh| bf
b}cou
~juo`o|| liuujou|+ Dikz bf }co|o |j}o| iuo lidbf`inom }b e`okm
~j}c
osj|}jkn okvjubkdok}|, wiu}jl`iu`z jk |lokjl iuoi|+
]co mji`bno eo}~ook }co cikm|o} ikm }co lo`` |j}o j| i |}uoid bf
mjnj}i`
mi}i }ci} jkl`mo| mjnj}jqom imjb #oslow} fbu }co fju|}
nokoui}jbk iki`bn
ko}~buh|*+ ]co }olckb`bnz }ci} ilcjovo| }cj| mowokm| bk }co
|z|}od ~cjlc
}co dbej`o wcbko bwoui}buci| imbw}om+ ]co }olckb`bnjo| iuo
nubwom ez
nokoui}jbk+ ]co fju|}$nokoui}jbk |z|}od| |}iu}om jk 9:>: ~j}c
Aiwik, iuo i``
iki`bn ikm jkl`mo IDW\ ikm KD]+ \olbkm$nokoui}jbk |z|}od|,
|}iu}om
jk 9::9 jk Fjk`ikm, iuo i`` mjnj}i` ikm jkl`mo N\D, LMDI ikm
]MDI+
]co ki}uo bf lo` `iu }olckb`bnz uokmou| dikz wcbko| v`kouie`o
}b
.l`bkjkn.1 ikz}jdo i lo`` wcbko dbvo| b} bf lbvouino #fbu
osidw`o, jk i
ubim }kko`*, ~cok }co |jnki` j| uo$o|}ie`j|com, }co wcbko |okm|
b} i .uo$
lbkkol}. |jnki` }b }co koiuo|} lo``$}b~ou, jmok}jfzjkn j}|o`f
ikm |jnki`jkn
}ci} j} j| inijk uoimz }b }uik|dj}+ ^j}c }co wubwou oyjwdok},
j}.| wb||je`o
}b jk}oulow} }co uo$lbkkol} |jnki` ikm oklbmo }co mi}i j}
lbk}ijk| jk}b i
.e`ikh. wcbko $$ jk i`` uo|wol}|, }co .e`ikh. j| }cok ik osil}
mw`jli}o bf }co
uoi` wcbko ikm ikz li``| dimo bk }co .l`bko. ~j`` eo lciunom }b
}co bujnjki`
illbk}+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_service_providerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coverage_(telecommunication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_service_providerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coverage_(telecommunication)
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]cjum$nokoui}jbk #
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i < ~i}} lo```iu ebb|}ou+ I`}ouki}o`z jk fujkno$uolow}jbk
iuoi|, i lo```iu
uowoi}oudiz eo |om, ~cjlc |o| i `bkn mj|}iklo cjnc$nijk mj|c
ik}okki
buzinj ik}okki }b lbddkjli}o ~j}c i lo`` }b~ou fiu b}|jmo bf
kbudi`
uikno, ikm i uowoi}ou }b uoeubimli|} bk i |di`` |cbu}$uikno
`bli` ik}okki
}ci} i``b~| ikz lo`` wcbko ~j}cjk i fo~ do}ou| }b fkl}jbk
wubwou`z+
N\D
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dish_antennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi_antennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dish_antennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi_antenna
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N`bei` \z|}od fbu Dbej`o lbddkjli}jbk| #N\D1 bujnjki``z fubd
Nubwo
\wolji` Dbej`o* j| }co db|} wbw`iu |}ikmium fbu dbej`o wcbko| jk
}co
~bu`m+ J}| wubdb}ou, }co N\D I||blji}jbk, o|}jdi}o| }ci} 35/ bf
}co
n`bei` dbej`o diuho} |o| }co |}ikmium+ N\D j| |om ez bvou <
ej``jbk
wobw`o ilub|| dbuo }cik 595 lbk}ujo| ikm }ouuj}bujo|+ J}| ejyj}z
diho|
jk}ouki}jbki` ubidjkn vouz lbddbk eo}~ook dbej`o wcbko
bwoui}bu|,
okie`jkn |e|lujeou| }b |o }coju wcbko| jk dikz wiu}| bf }co
~bu`m+ N\D
mjffou| fubd j}| wuomolo||bu| jk }ci} eb}c |jnki`jkn ikm |woolc
lcikko`| iuo
mjnj}i`, ikm }c| j| lbk|jmouom i |olbkm nokoui}jbk #5N* dbej`o
wcbko
|z|}od+ ]cj| ci| i`|b doik} }ci} mi}i lbddkjli}jbk ~i| oi|z }b
ej`m
jk}b }co |z|}od+
]co ejyj}z bf }co N\D |}ikmium ci| eook ik imvik}ino }b eb}c
lbk|dou| #~cb eokofj} fubd }co iej j}z }b ubid ikm |~j}lc
liuujou|
~j}cb} |~j}lcjkn wcbko|* ikm i`|b }b ko}~buh bwoui}bu| #~cb lik
lcbb|o
oyjwdok} fubd ikz bf }co dikz vokmbu| jdw`odok}jkn N\D*+ N\D
i`|b
wjbkoouom i `b~$lb|}, }b }co ko}~buh liuujou, i`}ouki}jvo }b
vbjlo li``|, }co
\cbu} do||ino |ouvjlo #\D\, i`|b li``om %}os} do||injkn%*, ~cjlc
j| kb~
|wwbu}om bk b}cou dbej`o |}ikmium| i| ~o``+ Ikb}cou imvik}ino j|
}ci} }co
|}ikmium jkl`mo| bko ~bu`m~jmo Odounoklz }o`owcbko kdeou, 995+
]cj|
diho| j} oi|jou fbu jk}ouki}jbki` }uivo``ou| }b lbkkol} }b
odounoklz
|ouvjlo| ~j}cb} hkb~jkn }co `bli` odounoklz kdeou+ Ko~ou
vou|jbk| bf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-1-2
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}co |}ikmium ~ouo eilh~ium$lbdwi}je`o ~j}c }co bujnjki` N\D
wcbko|+
Fbu osidw`o, Uo`oi|o .:> bf }co |}ikmium immom wilho} mi}i
liwiej`j}jo|, ez
doik| bfNokoui` Wilho} Uimjb \ouvjlo #NWU\*+ Uo`oi|o .::
jk}ubmlom
cjncou |woom mi}i }uik|dj||jbk |jkn Okciklom Mi}i Ui}o| fbu
N\D
Ovb`}jbk #OMNO*+
N\D j| i lo```iu ko}~buh, ~cjlc doik| }ci} dbej`o wcbko| lbkkol}
}b j}
ez |oiulcjkn fbu lo``| jk }co jddomji}o vjljkj}z+ N\D ko}~buh|
bwoui}o jk
fbu mjffouok} fuoyoklz uikno|+ Db|} N\D ko}~buh| bwoui}o jk }co
:77
DCq bu 9377 DCq eikm|+ \bdo lbk}ujo| jk }co Idoujli|
#jkl`mjkn
Likimi ikm }co _kj}om \}i}o|* |o }co 3?7 DCq ikm 9:77 DCq
eikm|
eoli|o }co :77 ikm 9377 DCq fuoyoklz eikm| ~ouo i`uoimz
i``bli}om+
]co uiuou =77 ikm =?7 DCq fuoyoklz eikm| iuo i||jnkom jk
|bdo
lbk}ujo|, kb}ie`z \likmjkivji, ~couo }co|o fuoyokljo| ~ouo
wuovjb|`z
|om fbu fju|}$nokoui}jbk |z|}od|+
N\D$:77 |o| 3:7:9? DCq }b |okm jkfbudi}jbk fubd }co dbej`o
|}i}jbk
}b }co ei|o |}i}jbk #w`jkh* ikm :
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DCq #mb~k`jkh*, immjkn ?7 lcikko`| #lcikko` kdeou| :>? }b
975< ikm
7* }b }co bujnjki` N\D$:77 eikm+ ]jdo mjvj|jbk d`}jw`osjkn j|
|om }b
i``b~ ojnc} f``$ui}o bu |js}ook ci`f$ui}o |woolc lcikko`| wou
uimjb
fuoyoklz lcikko`+ ]couo iuo ojnc} uimjb }jdo|`b}| #njvjkn ojnc}
eu|}
woujbm|* nubwom jk}b ~ci} j| li``om i ]MDI fuido+ Ci`f ui}o
lcikko`|
|o i }ouki}o fuido| jk }co |ido }jdo|`b}+ ]co lcikko` mi}i ui}o
j|
5>7+3 ~j}c }co Okciklom F`` Ui}o #OFU*
lbmol, i 95+5 hej}"| lbmol }ci} |o| i f`` ui}o lcikko`+ Fjki``z,
~j}c }co
movo`bwdok} bf _D]\, OFU ~i| uofil}buom jk}b i viujie`o$ui}o
lbmol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_predictive_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Full_Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_predictive_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Full_Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS
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li``om IDU$Kiuub~eikm, ~cjlc j| cjnc yi`j}z ikm ube|}
inijk|}
jk}oufouoklo ~cok |om bk f`` ui}o lcikko`|, ikm `o|| ube|} e}
|}j``
uo`i}jvo`z cjnc yi`j}z ~cok |om jk nbbm uimjb lbkmj}jbk| bk
ci`f$ui}o
lcikko`|+
]couo iuo fjvo mjffouok} lo`` |jqo| jk i N\D ko}~buhdilub,
djlub,wjlb,
fod}b ikm deuo``i lo``|+ ]co lbvouino iuoi bf oilc lo`` viujo|
illbumjkn
}b }co jdw`odok}i}jbk okvjubkdok}+ Dilub lo``| lik eo uoniumom
i| lo``|
~couo }coei|o |}i}jbkik}okki j| jk|}i``om bk i di|} bu i ej`mjkn
iebvo
ivouino ubbf }bw `ovo`+ Djlub lo``| iuo lo``| ~cb|o ik}okki
cojnc} j| kmou
ivouino ubbf }bw `ovo`8 }coz iuo }zwjli``z |om jk ueik iuoi|+
Wjlblo``| iuo
|di`` lo``| ~cb|o lbvouino mjido}ou j| i fo~ mbqok do}ou|8 }coz
iuo
dijk`z |om jkmbbu|+ Fod}blo``| iuo lo``| mo|jnkom fbu |o jk
uo|jmok}ji` bu
|di` e|jko|| okvjubkdok}| ikm lbkkol} }b }co |ouvjlo
wubvjmou|
ko}~buh vji i eubimeikm jk}ouko} lbkkol}jbk+ _deuo``i lo``| iuo
|om }b
lbvou |cimb~om uonjbk| bf |di``ou lo` | ikm fj`` jk niw| jk
lbvouino
eo}~ook }cb|o lo``|+
Lo`` cbujqbk}i` uimj| viujo| mowokmjkn bk ik}okki cojnc},
ik}okki nijk
ikm wubwini}jbk lbkmj}jbk| fubd i lbw`o bf ckmuom do}ou| }b
|ovoui`
}ok| bf hj`bdo}ou|+ ]co `bkno|} mj|}iklo }co N\D |woljfjli}jbk
|wwbu}| jk
wuil}jli` |o j|
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jdw`odok}i}jbk| bf }co lbklow} bf ik os}okmom lo``, ~couo }co
lo`` uimj|
lb`m eo mbe`o bu ovok dbuo, mowokmjkn bk }co ik}okki |z|}od, }co
}zwo
bf }ouuijk ikm }co }jdjkn imviklo+
Jkmbbu lbvouino j| i`|b |wwbu}om ez N\D ikm diz eo ilcjovom ez
|jkn
ik jkmbbu wjlblo`` ei|o |}i}jbk, bu ik jkmbbu uowoi}ou ~j}c
mj|}uje}om
jkmbbu ik}okki| fom }cubnc wb~ou |w`j}}ou|, }b mo`jvou }co uimjb
|jnki`|
fubd ik ik}okki b}mbbu| }b }co |owiui}o jkmbbu mj|}uje}om
ik}okki
|z|}od+ ]co|o iuo }zwjli``z mow`bzom ~cok i `b} bf li`` liwilj}z
j| koomom
jkmbbu|, fbu osidw`o jk |cbwwjkn lok}ou| bu ijuwbu}|+ Cb~ovou,
}cj| j| kb} i
wuouoyj|j}o, |jklo jkmbbu lbvouino j| i`|b wubvjmom ez jk$ej
mjkn
woko}ui}jbk bf }co uimjb |jnki`| fubd koiuez lo``|+
]co dbm`i}jbk |om jk N\D j| Ni||jik djkjdd$|cjf} hozjkn
#ND\H*, i hjkm bf lbk}jkb|$wci|o fuoyoklz |cjf} hozjkn+ Jk
ND\H,
}co |jnki` }b eo dbm`i}om bk}b }co liuujou j| fju|} |dbb}com
~j}c i
Ni||jik `b~$wi|| fj`}ou wujbu }b eojkn fom }b i fuoyoklz
dbm`i}bu,
~cjlc nuoi}`z uomlo| }co jk}oufouoklo }b kojncebujkn lcikko`|
#imailok}
lcikko` jk}oufouoklo*+
Ko}~bh |}ul}uo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_advancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_minimum-shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_advancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_minimum-shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference
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]co ko}~buh eocjkm }co N\D |z|}od |ook ez }co l|}bdou j| `iuno
ikm
lbdw`jli}om jk bumou }b wubvjmo i`` bf }co |ouvjlo| ~cjlc iuo
uoyjuom+ J} j|
mjvjmom jk}b i kdeou bf |ol}jbk| ikm }co|o iuo oilc lbvouom jk
|owiui}o
iu}jl`o|+
]co Ei|o \}i}jbk \e|z|}od #}co ei|o |}i}jbk| ikm }coju
lbk}ub``ou|*+
]co Ko}~buh ikm \~j}lcjkn \e|z|}od #}co wiu} bf }co ko}~buh
db|} |jdj`iu }b i fjsom ko}~buh*+ ]cj| j| |bdo}jdo| i`|b a|}
li``om
}co lbuo ko}~buh+
]co NWU\ Lbuo Ko}~buh #}co bw}jbki` wiu} ~cjlc i``b~| wilho}
ei|om Jk}ouko} lbkkol}jbk|*+
I`` bf }co o`odok}| jk }co |z|}od lbdejko }b wubmlo dikz N\D
|ouvjlo| |lc i| vbjlo li``| ikm \D\
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_and_Switching_Subsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS_Core_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_and_Switching_Subsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS_Core_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_service
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]co |}ul}uo bf i N\D ko}~buh+
\ue|ljeo Jmok}j}z Dbmu`o
Bko bf }co hoz foi}uo| bf N\D j| }co \e|lujeou Jmok}j}z Dbm`o
#\JD*,
lbddbk`z hkb~k i| i \JD lium+ ]co \JD j| i mo}ilcie`o |diu}
lium
lbk}ijkjkn }co |ou.| |e|lujw}jbk jkfbudi}jbk ikm wcbko ebbh+
]cj|
i``b~| }co |ou }b uo}ijk cj| bu cou jkfbudi}jbk if}ou |~j}lcjkn
cikm|o}|+
I`}ouki}jvo`z, }co |ou lik i`|b lcikno bwoui}bu| ~cj`o uo}ijkjkn
}co
cikm|o} |jdw`z ez lciknjkn }co \JD+ \bdo bwoui}bu| ~j`` e`blh
}cj| ez
i``b~jkn }co wcbko }b |o bk`z i |jkn`o \JD, bu bk`z i \JD j||om
ez
}cod8 }cj| wuil}jlo j| hkb~k i| \JD `blhjkn, ikm j| j``oni` jk
|bdo
lbk}ujo|+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_lockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gsm_network.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_lock
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Dikz bwoui}bu| `blh }co dbej`o| }coz |o``+ ]cj| j| mbko eoli|o
}co wujlo
bf }co dbej`o wcbko j| }zwjli` z |e|jmjqom ~j}c uovoko fubd
|e|lujw}jbk|, ikm bwoui}bu| ~ik} }b }uz }b ivbjm |e|jmjqjkn
lbdwo}j}bu.|
dbej`o|+ ]co `blhjkn iww`jo| }b }co cikm|o}, jmok}jfjom ez j}|
Jk}ouki}jbki`
Dbej`o Oyjwdok} Jmok}j}z #JDOJ* kdeou, kb} }b }co illbk} #~cjlc
j|
jmok}jfjom ez }co \JD lium*+ Jk |bdo lbk}ujo| |lc i| Jkmji, i``
wcbko|
iuo |b`m k`blhom+
N\D |oluj}z
N\D ~i| mo|jnkom ~j}c i dbmoui}o `ovo` bf |oluj}z+ ]co |z|}od
~i|
mo|jnkom }b i}cok}jli}o }co |e|lujeou |jkn i wuo$|ciuom hoz
ikm
lci``okno$uo|wbk|o+ Lbddkjli}jbk| eo}~ook }co |e|lujeou ikm }co
ei|o
|}i}jbk lik eo okluzw}om+ ]co movo`bwdok} bf _D]\ jk}ubmlo|
ik
bw}jbki` _\JD, }ci} |o| i `bknou i}cok}jli}jbk hoz }b njvo
nuoi}ou
|oluj}z, i| ~o`` i| d}i``z i}cok}jli}jkn }co ko}~buh ikm }co |ou
$
~couoi| N\D bk`z i}cok}jli}om }co |ou }b }co ko}~buh #ikm kb}
vjlo
vou|i*+ ]co |oluj}z dbmo` }couofbuo bffou| lbkfjmok}ji`j}z
ikm
i}cok}jli}jbk, e} `jdj}om i}cbujqi}jbk liwiej`j}jo|, ikm kb
kbk$
uowmji}jbk+ N\D |o| |ovoui` luzw}bnuiwcjl i`nbuj}cd| fbu
|oluj}z+ ]co
I?"9 ikm I?"5 |}uoid ljwcou| iuo |om fbu ok|ujkn bvou$}co$iju
vbjlo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidisedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-shared_keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-response_authenticationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USIMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-repudiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-repudiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidisedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-shared_keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-response_authenticationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USIMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-repudiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-repudiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipher
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wujvilz+ I?"9 ~i| movo`bwom fju|} ikm j| i |}ubknou i`nbuj}cd
|om ~j}cjk
Oubwo ikm }co _kj}om \}i}o|8 I?"5 j| ~oihou ikm |om jk b}cou
lbk}ujo|+
\oujb| ~oihko||o| civo eook fbkm jk eb}c i`nbuj}cd|1 j} j|
wb||je`o }b
euoih I?"5 jk uoi`$}jdo ~j}c i ljwcou }os}$bk`z i}}ilh, ikm jk
Foeuiuz
5773, Wjlb Lbdw}jkn, Jkl uovoi`om j}| iej`j}z ikm w`ik| }b
lbddoulji`jqo
FWNI| }ci} i``b~ I?"9 }b eo eubhok ~j}c i uijkeb~ }ie`o i}}ilh+
]co
|z|}od |wwbu}| d`}jw`o i`nbuj}cd| |b bwoui}bu| diz uow`ilo }ci}
ljwcou
~j}c i |}ubknou bko+
Ei|o ]ik|lojvo \}i}jbk #E]\*
Ei|o ]uik|lojvou \}i}jbk #E]\* j| }co oyjwdok} ~cjlc filj j}i}o|
}co
~juo`o|| lbddkjli}jbk eo}~ook |ou oyjwdok}| #_O* ikm }co
ko}~buh+
_O| iuo movjlo| `jho dbej`o wcbko| #cikm|o}|*, ^@@ wcbko|,
lbdw}ou|
~j}c ~juo`o|| jk}ouko} lbkkol}jvj}z, ^jFj ikm ^jDIS nimno}| o}l+
]co
ko}~buh lik eo }ci} bf ikz bf }co ~juo`o|| lbddkjli}jbk
}olckb`bnjo|
`jho N\D, LMDI, ^@@ , ^IK, ^jFj, ^jDIS o}l+ E]\ j| i`|b
uofouuom
}b i| UE\ #Uimjb Ei|o \}i}jbk*, Kbmo E #jk
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]cbnc }co }oud E]\ lik eo iww`jlie`o }b ikz bf }co ~juo`o||
lbddkjli}jbk |}ikmium|, j} j| nokoui``z ikm lbddbk`z i||blji}om
~j}c
dbej`o lbddkjli}jbk }olckb`bnjo| jho N\D ikm LMDI+ Jk }cj|
uonium,
i E]\ fbud| wiu} bf }co Ei|o \}i}jbk \e|z|}od #E\\* movo`bwdok}|
fbu
|z|}od dikinodok}+ J} diz i`|b civo oyjwdok}| fbu okluzw}jkn
ikm
moluzw}jkn lbddkjli}jbk|, |wol}ud fj }oujkn }bb`| #eikm wi|| fj
}ou|*
o}l+ Ik}okki| diz i`|b eo lbk|jmouom i| lbdwbkok}| bf E]\ jk
nokoui`
|ok|o i| }coz filj`j}i}o }co fkl}jbkjkn bf E]\+ ]zwjli``z i E]\
~j`` civo
|ovoui` }uik|lojvou| #]US|* ~cjlc i``b~ j} }b |ouvo |ovoui`
mjffouok}
fuoyokljo| ikm mjffouok} |ol}bu| bf }co lo`` #jk }co li|o bf
|ol}buj|om ei|o
|}i}jbk|*+ I E]\ j| lbk}ub``om ez i wiuok} Ei|o \}i}jbk
Lbk}ub``ouvji }co
Ei|o |}i}jbk Lbk}ub` Fkl}jbk #ELF*+ ]co ELF j| jdw`odok}om i|
i
mj|luo}o kj} bu ovok jklbuwbui}om jk i ]US jk lbdwil} ei|o
|}i}jbk|+ ]co
ELF wubvjmo| ik Bwoui}jbk| ikm Dijk}okiklo #B&D* lbkkol}jbk
}b }co
Ko}~buh dikinodok} |z|}od #KD\*, ikm dikino| bwoui}jbki` |}i}o|
bf
oilc ]US, i| ~o`` i| |bf}~iuo cikm`jkn ikm i`iud lb``ol}jbk+ ]co
ei|jl
|}ul}uo ikm fkl}jbk| bf }co E]\ uodijk| }co |ido uonium`o|| bf
}co
~juo`o|| }olckb`bnjo|+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryptinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antennashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryptinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antennashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm
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EUBIMEIKM
Eubimeikm jk }o`olbddkjli}jbk| uofou| }b i |jnki`jkn do}cbm
}ci}
jkl`mo| bu cikm`o| i uo`i}jvo`z ~jmo uikno bf fuoyokljo|, ~cjlc
diz eo
mjvjmom jk}b lcikko`| bu fuoyoklz ejk|+ Eubimeikm j| i`~iz| i
uo`i}jvo
}oud, kmou|}bbm illbumjkn }b j}| lbk}os}+ ]co ~jmou }co
eikm~jm}c, }co
nuoi}ou }co jkfbudi}jbk$liuuzjkn liwilj}z+ Jk uimjb, fbu
osidw`o, i vouz
kiuub~$eikm |jnki` ~j`` liuuz Dbu|o lbmo8 i eubimou eikm ~j `
liuuz
|woolc8 i |}j`` eubimou eikm j| uoyjuom }b liuuz d|jl ~j}cb}
`b|jkn }co
cjnc imjb fuoyokljo| uoyjuom fbu uoi`j|}jl |bkm uowubml}jbk+
I
}o`ovj|jbk ik}okki mo|lujeom i| %kbudi`% diz eo liwie`o bf
uolojvjkn i
lou}ijk uikno bf lcikko`|8 bko mo|lujeom i| %eubimeikm% ~j``
uolojvo dbuo
lcikko`|+ Jk mi}i lbddkjli}jbk| i dbmod ~j`` }uik|dj} i
eikm~jm}c bf
?6 hj bej}| wou |olbkm| #hej}"|* bvou i }o`owcbko `jko8 bvou }co
|ido
}o`owcbko `jko i eikm~jm}c bf |ovoui` doniej}| wou |olbkm lik eo
cikm`om
ez IM\@, ~cjlc j| mo|lujeom i| eubimeikm #uo`i}jvo }b i dbmod
bvou i
}o`owcbko `jko, i`}cbnc dlc `o|| }cik lik eo ilcjovom bvou i
fjeou bw}jl
ljulj}, fbu osidw`o*+
Jk mi}i lbddukjli}jbk|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADSLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADSLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optic
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Eubimeikm jk mi}i lbddkjli}jbk| lik uofou }b eubimeikm ko}~buh|
bu
eubimeikm Jk}ouko} ikm diz civo }co |ido doikjkn i| iebvo, |b
}ci} mi}i
}uik|dj||jbk bvou i fjeou bw}jl lie`o ~b`m eo uofouuom }b i|
eubimeikm i|
lbdwiuom }b i }o`owcbko dbmod bwoui}jkn i} ?6,777ej}| wou
|olbkm+
Cb~ovou, eubimeikm jk mi}i lbddkjli}jbk| j| fuoyok}`z |om jk i
dbuo
}olckjli` |ok|o }b uofou }b mi}i }uik|dj||jbk ~couo d`}jw`o
wjolo| bf mi}i
iuo |ok} |jd`}ikob|`z }b jkluoi|o }co offol}jvo ui}o bf
}uik|dj||jbk,
uonium`o|| bf il}i` mi}i ui}o+ Jk ko}~buh oknjkooujkn }cj| }oud
j| |om fbu
do}cbm| ~couo }~b bu dbuo |jnki`| |ciuo i domjd+
Jk vjmob
Eubimeikm jk iki`bn vjmob mj|}uje}jbk j| }uimj}jbki``z |om }b
uofou }b
|z|}od| |lc i| lie`o }o`ovj|jbk, ~couo }co jkmjvjmi` lcikko`|
iuo
dbm`i}om bk liuujou| i} fjsom fuoyokljo|+ Jk }cj|
lbk}os},ei|oeikm j| }co
}oud.| ik}bkzd, uofouujkn }b i |jkn`o lcikko` bf iki`bn vjmob,
}zwjli``z jk
lbdwb|j}o fbud ~j}c ik imjb |eliuujou+ ]co il} bf
modbm`i}jkn
lbkvou}| eubimeikm vjmob }b ei|oeikm vjmob+
Cb~ovou, eubimeikm vjmob jk }co lbk}os} bf |}uoidjknJk}ouko}
vjmob ci|
lbdo }b doik vjmob fj o| }ci} civo ej}ui}o| cjnc okbnc }b
uoyjuo
eubimeikm Jk}ouko} illo|| jk bumou }b vjo~ }cod+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Internet_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/56k_modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_signaling_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcarrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate#Bitrates_in_multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Internet_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Internet_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/56k_modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_signaling_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcarrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate#Bitrates_in_multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Internet_access
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Eubimeikm vjmob j| i`|b |bdo}jdo| |om }b mo|lujeo JW]V Vjmob
bk
modikm+
Jk M\@
]co viujb| fbud| bf Mjnj}i` \e|lujeou @jko #M\@* |ouvjlo|
iuo
eubimeikm jk }co |ok|o }ci} mjnj}i` jkfbudi}jbk j| |ok} bvou i
cjnc$
eikm~jm}c lcikko` iebvo }coei|oeikm vbjlo lcikko` bk i |jkn`o
wiju bf
~juo|+
Jk O}coko}
Iei|oeikm }uik|dj||jbk |okm| bko }zwo bf |jnki` |jkn i domjd.|
f``
eikm~jm}c, i| jk 977EI\O$]O}couko}+ O}couko}, cb~ovou, j| }co
lbddbk
jk}oufilo }b eubimeikm dbmod| |lc i| M\@ mi}i `jkh|, ikm ci| i
cjnc
mi}i ui}o j}|o`f, |b j| |bdo}jdo| uofouuom }b i| eubimeikm+
O}couko}
wubvj|jbkom bvoulie`o dbmod j| i lbddbk i`}ouki}jvo }b M\@
E\K@ j| jk }co wublo|| bf lbddj||jbkjkn bf i ~bu`m l`i||,
d`}j$njniej},
d }j$wub}blb`, lbkvounok} JW jkfui|}ul}uo }cubnc Ki}jbki`
Jk}ouko}
Eilhebko$JJ #KJE$JJ*, }ci} ~j`` wubvjmo lbkvounok} |ouvjlo|
}cubnc }co
|ido eilhebko ikm eubimeikm illo|| ko}~buh+ ]co Eubimeikm
|ouvjlo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100BASE-Thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100BASE-Thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem
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~j`` eo ivij`ie`o bk M\@ }olckb`bnz #bk }co |ido lbwwou lie`o
}ci} j|
|om fbu lbkkol}jkn }o`owcbko*, bk i lbk}uz~jmo ei|j| |wikkjkn
9:3
lj}jo|+
Jk }oud| bf jkfui|}ul}uo fbu eubimeikm |ouvjlo| KJE$JJ ~b`m w}
Jkmji i}
wiu ~j}c dbuo imviklom ki}jbk|+ ]co |ouvjlo| }ci} ~b`m eo
|wwbu}om
jkl`mo| i`~iz|$bk eubimeikm illo|| }b }co Jk}ouko} fbu
uo|jmok}ji` ikm
e|jko|| l|}bdou|, Lbk}ok} ei|om |ouvjlo|, Vjmob d`}jli|}jkn,
Vjmob$
bk$modikm ikm Jk}ouil}jvo nidjkn, Imjb ikm Vjmob lbkfouokljkn,
JW
]o`owcbkz, Mj|}iklo `oiukjkn, Do||injkn1 w`ijk ikm foi}uo ujlc,
D`}j$
|j}o DW@\ VWK| ~j}c Yi`j}z bf \ouvjlo #Yb\* niuik}oo|+ ]co
|e|lujeo
~j ` eo ie`o }b illo|| }co iebvo |ouvjlo| }cubnc \e|lujeou
\ouvjlo
\o`ol}jbk \z|}od #\\\\*wbu}i`+
BEAOL]JVO\
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]b wubvjmo cjnc |woom Jk}ouko} lbkkol}jvj}z #w}b 3 Dew|*
]b wubvjmo Vju}i` Wujvi}o Ko}~buh #VWK* |ouvjlo }b }co
eubimeikm
l|}bdou|
]b wubvjmo mji` VWK |ouvjlo }b DW@\ VWK l|}bdou|+
]b wubvjmo d`}jli|} vjmob |ouvjlo|, vjmob$bk$modikm, o}l+
}cubnc
}co Eubimeikm Uodb}o Illo|| \ouvou #EUI\*+
]b wubvjmo i doik| }b ej`` fbu }co ifbuo|ijm |ouvjlo| ez oj}cou
}jdo$
ei|om bu vb`do$ei|om ej``jkn+ J} |ci`` wubvjmo }co l|}bdou
~j}c
}co bw}jbk }b |o`ol} }co |ouvjlo| }cubnc ~oe |ouvou
]b wubvjmo eb}c wuo$wijm ikm wb|} wijm eubimeikm |ouvjlo|+
]OLCKJLI@ LIWIEJ@J]Z
]co Eubimeikm \ouvjlo ~j`` eo njvok }cubnc }co |}i}o bf }co iu}
D`}j
Wub}blb` @ieo` \~j}lcjkn #DW@\* ei|om JW Jkfui|}ul}uo, ~cjlc
j|
mo|jnkom }b wubvjmo uo`jie`o ub}o| }b lbvou i`` wb||je`o
mo|}jki}jbk|
~j}cjk ikm b}|jmo }co lbk}uz+ @izou 9 bf }co ko}~buh ~j``
lbk|j|} bf i
cjnc |woom Eilhebko lbdwuj|jkn bf 5= wb~ouf` Lbuo Ub}ou|
lbkkol}om ~j}c cjnc |woom 5+? New| #\]D$96* `jkh|+ ]co ub}ou|
iuo
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`bli}om bk }co ki}jbki` M^MD ko}~buh jk}oufiljkn i} \]D$96
bw}jli`
`ovo` }b wubvjmo fbu cjnc }uik|dj||jbk |woom|+
Imvik}ino bf DW@\ bvo b}co ]olckb`bnjo|
DW@\ VWK j| i }olckb`bnz }ci} i``b~| i |ouvjlo wubvjmou `jho
E\K@ }b
civo lbdw`o}o lbk}ub` bvou wiuido}ou| }ci} iuo luj}jli` }b
bffoujkn j}|
l|}bdou| |ouvjlo niuik}oo| ~j}c uonium }b eikm~jm}c
}cubncw}|,
`i}okljo| ikm ivij`iej`j}z+
\ovjlo| ivij`ie`o }cbunc Ebimeikm
Cjnc |woom Jk}ouko} Illo||1 ]cj| j| }co i`~iz|$bk Jk}ouko}
illo||
|ouvjlo ~j}c |woom uiknjkn fubd 5?6 hew| }b 3 Dew|+
Eikm~jm}c bk Modikm1 ]cj| ~j ` filj`j}i}o l|}bdou }b lcikno
eikm~jm}c i| wou cj| " cou uoyjuodok}+ Fbu osidw`o i l|}bdou
~j}c 5?6 hew| lik lcikno }b 9 Dew| mujkn }co vjmob
Lbkfouokljkn
|o||jbk+
D`}jli|}jkn1 ]cj| j| }b wubvjmo vjmob d`}jli|} |ouvjlo| fbu
iww`jli}jbk jk mj|}iklo omli}jbk, }o`odomjljko o}l
Mji` VWK \ouvjlo1 ]cj| |ouvjlo i``b~| uodb}o |ou| }b illo||
}coju
wujvi}o ko}~buh |oluo`z bvou }co KJE$JJ jkfui|}ul}uo+
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Vjmob ikm Imjb Lbkfouokljkn1
Lbk}ok} ei|om \ouvjlo|1 @jho Vjmob bk Modikm, Jk}ouil}jvo
Nidjkn, @jvo ikm }jdo |cjf}om ]V
EJE@JBNUIWCZ
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^jhjwomji
E|k`
