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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 752-7:1998Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings —
Part 7: Maintenance and operations
The European Standard EN 752-7:1998 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 93.030
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BS EN 752-7:1998
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1998
© BSI 05-1999
ISBN 0 580 30094 3
National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 752-7:1998.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/505, Wastewater engineering, to Subcommittee B/505/22, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings, which has the responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;— present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;— monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 20 and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Comments
10440 Corrigendum
February 1999
Annex A: addition of pages 19 and 20
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BS EN 752-7:1998
© BSI 05-1999 i
Contents
PageNational foreword Inside front coverForeword 2Text of EN 752-7 3
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 752-7
April 1998
ICS 13.060.30
Descriptors: Sanitation, water removal, sewage, water pipelines, buildings, exterior, definitions, operating requirements, safety
English version
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 7: Maintenance and operations
Réseaux d’évacuation et d’assainissement à l’extérieur des bâtiments —Partie 7: Entretien et exploitation
Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden — Teil 7: Betrieb und Unterhalt
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 March 1998.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC InternalRegulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standardthe status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists andbibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtainedon application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,German). A version in any other language made by translation under theresponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to theCentral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for StandardizationComité Européen de NormalisationEuropäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nationalMembers.
Ref. No. EN 752-7:1998 ELice
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EN 752-7:1998
2 © BSI 05-1999
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165, Waste water engineering, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1998.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.This part is the seventh in a series relating to the functional requirements of drain and sewer systems outside buildings that operate essentially under gravity. There will be seven parts, as follows:Drain and sewer systems outside buildings —
— Part 1: Generalities and definitions;— Part 2: Performance requirements;— Part 3: Planning;— Part 4: Hydraulic design and environmental considerations;— Part 5: Rehabilitation;— Part 6: Pumping installations;— Part 7: Maintenance and operations.
In drafting this part of this European Standard account has been taken of other available standards, in particular EN 476 General requirements for components used in discharge pipes, drains and sewers for gravity systems.
Contents
PageForeword 2
1 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Definitions 34 Sources of additional information 45 General 46 Operations and maintenance planning 57 Data requirements 68 Investigation of operational problems 69 Working practices 6
10 Training 911 Health and safety 9Annex A (informative) Sources of additional information 11
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EN 752-7:1998
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1 ScopeThis European Standard is applicable to drain and sewer systems, which operate essentially under gravity, from the point where the sewage leaves a building or roof drainage system, or enters a road gully, to the point where it is discharged into a treatment works or receiving water.Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system of the building.This European Standard sets out the principles for the operation and maintenance of drain and sewer systems.
2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.EN 752-1, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 1: Generalities and definitions. EN 752-2:1996, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 2: Performance requirements. EN 752-4:1997, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 4: Hydraulic design and environmental considerations. EN 752-5, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Part 5: Rehabilitation. EN 752-6, Drain and sewer systems — Part 6: Pumping installations.
3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions, together with those given in EN 752-1 apply.
3.1 dam board
removable plank or section placed across a sewer or drain to divert or hold back the flow
3.2 cleaning ball
spherical device, having an indented surface, designed to be carried through a drain or sewer by the flow to facilitate removal of sediments
3.3 confined space
space with restricted ventilation where special safety precautions may need to be taken
3.4 flushing
use of a temporary substantially increased flow to facilitate removal of obstructions or sediments from drains or sewers
3.5 jetting
use of high pressure water jetting equipment to facilitate removal of obstructions or sediments from drains or sewers
3.6 pumping installation
pumping station together with any associated rising main(s) [EN 752-6]
3.7 pumping station
building, structures and equipment used to transfer sewage through a rising main or otherwise to raise the sewage [EN 752-6]
3.8 renovation
work incorporating all or part of the original fabric of the drain or sewer by means of which its current performance is improved[EN 752-5]
3.9 rehabilitation
all measures for restoring or upgrading the performance of existing drain and sewer systems [EN 752-1]
3.10 repair
rectification of local damage [EN 752-5]
3.11 replacement
construction of a new drain or sewer, on or off the line of an existing drain or sewer, the function of the new drain or sewer incorporating that of the old [EN 752-5]
3.12 rodding
use of appropriate device on the end of flexible rods to facilitate removal of obstructions (or sediments) from drains or sewers
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3.13 winching
use of a bucket or other device pulled through a drain or sewer to facilitate removal of sediments (or obstructions)
4 Sources of additional informationThis European Standard sets out the essential requirements for good practice in various engineering activities relating to the planning, design and operation of drain and sewer systems. For supplementary detail and guidance reference should be made to national documents until such time as fully comprehensive European Standards are available.The documents listed in Annex A contain details which may be used in the framework of this part, given approval by the relevant authority.
5 General5.1 Objectives
The purpose of operations and maintenance is to ensure that the drain and sewer system performs in accordance with the requirements defined in EN 752-2, as follows:
a) the pipework operates without blocking;b) flooding frequencies shall be limited to prescribed values;c) public health and life shall be safeguarded;d) sewer surcharge frequencies should be limited to prescribed values;e) the health and safety of operator personnel shall be safeguarded;f) receiving waters shall be protected from pollution within prescribed limits;g) drains and sewers shall not endanger existing adjacent structures and utility services;h) the required design life and structural integrity shall be achieved;i) drains and sewers shall be watertight in accordance with testing requirements;j) odour nuisance and toxicity do not arise;k) appropriate access shall be provided for maintenance purposes.
In particular operations and maintenance has the following objectives:
— to ensure that the entire system is operationally ready at all times and functions within the performance requirements;— to ensure that the operation of the system is safe, environmentally acceptable, and economically efficient;
— to ensure that as far as possible the failure of one section of a sewer system will not adversely affect the performance of the other parts.
Planning, design, construction and rehabilitation shall take into account the operation and maintenance requirements.
5.2 Operations
Operations involves the monitoring and regulation or diversion of wastewater by for example:
— starting or stopping pumps;— inserting dam boards;— regulating valves and weirs;— the use of detention tanks;— action taken in accordance with contingency and emergency plans;— wastewater quality measurement;— periodical inspections.
5.3 Maintenance
Maintenance involves a combination of planned and reactive tasks necessary to ensure that the system is kept in such a condition that it can perform its function satisfactorily. The tasks may include:
— local repair or replacement of damaged pipes or other structures;— removal of sediments, obstructions etc. to restore hydraulic capacity;— maintenance of mechanical plant (e.g. pumps);— rodent and insect control.
5.4 Requirements
The effective operation and maintenance of the drain and sewer system will require:
— planning;— rights of access;— sufficient number of competent personnel;— clear assignment of responsibilities;— suitable equipment;— knowledge of the system, its operational components and the users connected;— adequate records and analysis.
There may also be requirements relating to the resolution of performance deficiencies. For example to remedy failures and problems within acceptable timescales.
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6 Operations and maintenance planning6.1 Operations planning
6.1.1 General
The operations plan shall indicate the approach to be taken in a particular drain and sewer system. The plan shall include:
— inspection routines;— the procedures used in the operation of the elements of the system;— contingency and emergency plans.
6.1.2 Inspection routines
Inspection routines, including frequencies, shall be established for the system, taking into consideration the requirements and importance of each component. Routines shall include the inspection of:
— pipelines including inspection chambers, manholes and outfalls, taking into account the gradient and/or velocity;— pumping installations, according to potential risk and type of equipment;— overflows and detention tanks, taking into account storm frequency;— inverted siphons, depending on risk of blockage and potential consequences;— separators, according to technical requirements;— grit chambers, gullies etc., taking into account storm frequency, capacity and land use.
6.1.3 Operations procedures
Procedures for the operation of the components of the system should include plans:
— for the operation of pumping stations;— for the operation of any special components (e.g. vacuum or pressure installations within the system);— for setting dam boards, valves and weirs;— for the operation of detention tanks;— showing the assignment of responsibilities for carrying out procedures.
6.1.4 Contingency planning
Contingency planning is the process of setting out procedures to be used in case of breakdown of a part of the system. It should also include procedures for dealing with major failures and other emergencies. Procedures may be required for a range of possible incidents including:
— accidental spillages of toxic, noxious or explosive substances;
— discharge of special substances used in firefighting;— failure of pumping stations or pre-treatment facilities;— flooding due to an exceptional rainfall event;— major sewer collapse.
Contingency plans shall include:— details of emergency services;— estimated times for response (in general terms);— lists of those to be notified;— location of available resources;— procedures to be followed (including protection of receiving waters and sewage treatment works).
The resource requirements shall be determined, including:
— personnel;— vehicles;— equipment;— materials.
These resources will sometimes need to be available at short notice. This can influence resourcing decisions for normal operations and maintenance work.
6.2 Maintenance planning
The maintenance plan shall include the type of maintenance strategy to be used in each component of the system and the monitoring requirements and frequencies. The plan should also include a risk assessment, taking into account the possibility of failure and its consequences.The strategies for maintaining drain and sewer systems are planned or reactive maintenance, or a combination of both.Planned maintenance includes a programme of work to remedy the defects and problems identified during inspection. It is particularly required to reduce the incidence of failure where the consequences are severe.Reactive (or crisis) maintenance involves responding to failures and problems as they are identified. It is appropriate for those parts of the system that can function with little or no maintenance.The effectiveness of maintenance should be assessed by comparing the performance of the drain or sewer system with the requirements (see 5.1). In addition, for reactive maintenance, target response times can be used as an assessment.
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7 Data requirementsData shall be collected:
— for management purposes;— for regulatory reporting purposes (e.g. properties at risk of flooding);— to meet statutory requirements (e.g. maintaining plans showing the location of the public sewers).
It is possible to store a wide range of data on drain and sewer systems. However, collection, validation, storage and updating the data can be expensive. The amount of data collected depends on the reasons listed above.The information may include:
— an inventory of the system including records of drains, sewers, manholes, pumping installations, combined sewer overflows, detention tanks etc.;— details of permits for discharge into the system (trade effluents, hazardous materials etc.);— details of permits to discharge from the system into receiving waters (combined sewer overflows, pumping installations etc.);— records of inspections of the system (e.g. closed circuit television survey reports);— records of incidents such as blockages, collapses, pumping station failures, rising main failures and flooding incidents;— information on rainfall;— records of planned maintenance work carried out;— actual response times for dealing with emergencies;— information on the cost of incidents and maintenance activities to allow budgetary control and performance review; and— information about the hydraulic capacity;— records of system performance (see EN 752-2:1996, clause 8).
Computer based geographical information systems (GIS) are a powerful tool for storage retrieval and analysis of information on sewer systems.
8 Investigation of operational problemsTo deal with operational problems in the most cost effective way, it is necessary to investigate and understand the causes. Investigations can be required to determine:
— route of a pipeline;— cause of the blockage or collapse;— location of the blockage;
— cause of a surface depression;— location of a connection;— source of a connection;— quality of making of a connection;— quality of a repair;— condition of a pipe;— extent of scale or grease build up;— effectiveness of sewer cleaning work;— origin of influent;— quantity and composition of the influent;— quantity and composition of the sewage;— watertightness;— cause and location of sediments.
Investigation techniques available include:— dye tracing;— electronic location (using radio transmitters and a directional receiver);— closed circuit television (CCTV);— walking through sewers;— mirrors;— flow measurement;— sampling and analysis;— in situ measurement of the composition of sewage;— watertightness tests.
NOTE Details of watertightness tests are given in EN 1610, Construction and testing of drains and sewers.
9 Working practices9.1 Pipelines
9.1.1 General
The common problems associated with drains and sewers (man entry and non man entry) can be divided into two types, functional problems and structural problems.
9.1.2 Functional problems
Functional problems can include:— blockage: this usually occurs when sediments/debris are deposited within the sewer system, forming obstructions and a reduced pipe capacity;— sedimentation: this can also lead to blockages;— encrustation: build up of mineral deposits on the wall of the pipeline;— grease: deposited on the wall of the pipeline;— intrusion of tree roots;— infiltration or exfiltration caused by structural problems (see 9.1.3).
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Examples of available methods are:— jetting;— winching;— rodding;— cleaning balls;— remote controlled equipment;— flushing;— excavation and repair.
When carrying out cleaning activities consideration shall be given to the potential impact of the work on the receiving sewage treatment works. Measures shall also be taken to avoid discharges of heavily polluted matter to receiving waters through combined sewer overflows.The disposal of residues resulting from cleaning activities should take account of the environmental impact and should be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant authority (see EN 752-4:1997, clause 12).In severe cases, rehabilitation can be necessary.
9.1.3 Structural problems
Structural problems can include:— collapse;— cracking or fracturing of the pipe;— chemical attack or corrosion;— ground erosion outside the wall of the pipe, usually caused by infiltration of soil into the pipe;— defective connections;— pipe deformation;— open or displaced joints.
The following methods can be used to deal with the problems described above:
— repair;— renovation;— replacement.
Where problems are widespread or a significant length of sewer is involved a drainage area study (see EN 752-5) of the whole catchment area or part of it should be considered.
9.2 Manholes and inspection chambers
Manholes and inspection chambers are needed for access to sewers and drains for maintenance and operations. The problems include:
— defective covers: these include covers which are broken, cracked, ill-fitting or are not flush with the ground level;— problems with access, e.g. inadequately sized access shaft, or defective steps or ladders;
— structural problems with the fabric of the chamber including chemical attack and infiltration;— sediment in the invert;— odours or gas/oxygen deficiency.
These may be solved by works such as:— cleaning;— replacement and resetting of the covers;— repair, renovation or renewal of the fabric of the chamber;— reconstruction of access;— replacement of steps or ladders.
9.3 Combined sewer overflows
The purpose of combined sewer overflows is to spill excess flows from a system to a receiving water (see EN 752-4:1997, clause 12).Problems associated with combined sewer overflows include:
— blockages;— siltation of the chamber;— fouling of screens;— structural problems.
Blockages can be caused by:— the restriction in size of the downstream sewer resulting in low flow velocity upstream leading to silting;— and the general build-up of silt/debris in the chamber.
Siltation can be minimized by:— high pressure water jets to clean the chamber;— high volume suction units to remove debris;— flushing of the chamber.
Planned maintenance may be necessary in order to limit the environmental impact to satisfy the requirements of the relevant authority. The problem can be solved using planned maintenance procedures which includes inspection and reporting. From the report, work can be given a priority and inspection frequencies determined.Screens, where fitted, may require cleaning following heavy storms.Structural problems arising may be dealt with in a similar fashion to structural problems in manholes.
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9.4 Detention tanks
The role of the detention tank is to reduce peak flows by the temporary storage of wastewater within the system. They are often used to reduce flooding and to reduce discharge and pollution load from combined sewer overflows. The problems include:
— blockage of flow control devices;— removal of sediment.
Methods of optimizing the removal of sediments are:— modifications to the structure of the tank, e.g. by use of low friction coatings (these shall not be used on areas required for access as it can be a hazard to operatives);— modification of inlet design to increase scour;— modification to the benching or installation of dry weather flow channels;— use of mechanical plant in the tank to periodically remove sediments.
Where a blockage has occurred and sewage has been detained for some time, clearing the blockage suddenly may have an unacceptable impact on the sewage treatment works. Consideration shall be given to the gradual emptying or removal of effluents from the tanks.
9.5 Separators, settling chambers and gullies
Separators are used to intercept light liquids e.g. oil, petrol, etc. and grease or solids. Planned maintenance of separators is required if they are to function efficiently.Grit separators, settling chambers and gullies are often used to prevent sand and gravel from entering the system.Separators, settling chambers and gullies shall be emptied periodically to prevent blockage, especially after spillages and, where appropriate, severe storms.
9.6 Pumping installations
The main problems associated with pumping installations are as follows:
— the blockage of pumps, valves, screens etc. by debris;— power failure;— failure of rising main;— electrical or mechanical failure of a component of the pump, its control equipment, or telemetry unit; — crust formation inhibiting the operation of control devices;— noise and/or vibration;— odour complaints;
— excessive power consumption;— vandalism.
To minimize maintenance and operations requirements and costs, careful attention shall be given to the design of the pumping station and its equipment. Where the composition or volume of flows have changed substantially or where equipment is coming to the end of its life a reconsideration of the design is necessary (see EN 752-6).Solutions to some of these problems include the following:
— repair or replace the pumping equipment;— reduce extraneous water;— installation of warning or telemetry systems;— installation of septicity prevention plant or ventilation of wet well;— review of the control system;— installation of standby power supplies.
In addition the installation of warning or telemetry systems may help reduce the impact of failure by allowing early correction of actual or incipient failures.
9.7 Inverted siphons
The main problem associated with inverted siphons is sedimentation and blockage of the pipe. Planned inspection and maintenance should be carried out to ensure that inverted siphons continue to operate efficiently.Inspection can include:
— checking that washout valves and pumps can be operated;— checking for surcharging at the upstream end of each pipe, which can be a sign of partial blockage;— visual inspection of pipelines.
Cleaning methods can include:— high pressure water jets;— high volume suction units to remove debris;— flushing of the inverted siphon;— use of cleaning balls.
9.8 Pest control
The principal pest problem in sewers is related to rats, though in some areas especially where there is insufficient ventilation, or deposits of faecal sediments, insects such as mosquitoes may also be a problem.Since the sewer network can be a refuge for rats, control of rodents is required to minimize health risks (including Leptospirosis and Salmonella) and to prevent structural damage caused by burrowing.
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Treatment programmes should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant authority, to control the infestation. To ensure maximum effectiveness treatment programmes for sewers and drains should be carried out on a catchment wide basis and should be co-ordinated with the treatment of surface infestations.Areas for treatment should be identified in collaboration with the relevant authority and by reference to records of sightings of rodents. Areas may also be categorized according to the risks to public health. The treatment programmes should be recorded and the effectiveness measured so that records can be used to plan future programmes.
9.9 Making connections to existing drains and sewers
A large proportion of structural problems on drain and sewers are associated with poorly made lateral connections. Problems are particularly common where manholes, inspection chambers or pre-formed junctions are not used.The control of new connections should be undertaken to ensure that:
— the fabric of the drain or sewer is not weakened or damaged by the connection;— no operational problems are caused by the connection;— the sewer is inspected at the point of connection before and after construction;— the system is watertight at the point of connection;— connections are made to the correct sewer, where there are separate sewer systems.
Connections other than at manholes or inspection chambers should be made using pre-formed junctions.New connections to brick sewers should be avoided, however if one is necessary, a thorough inspection of the sewer shall be made beforehand.
9.10 Disused drains and sewers
Disused drains and sewers shall be removed or, where this is impracticable, they shall be filled with suitable material to prevent, for example, structural deterioration, unauthorized use, ingress of groundwater or infestation by rodents.
10 TrainingPersonnel at all levels shall have appropriate training to allow them to carry out their work safely and competently. This on-going training shall introduce and explain relevant legislation and techniques. Training shall be repeated periodically when required and should cover the following topics where appropriate.
— Safety Personnel shall be familiar with the hazards in their working environments.— Technical A well-grounded technical background is essential for good execution and management of the sewer maintenance and operations work.— Legal All personnel shall be familiar with the laws relating to their work. This will improve customer relations and the effectiveness of the personnel.
11 Health and safety11.1 General
The relevant authority can lay down requirements regarding of the health, safety and welfare of the public and/or personnel. The relevant authority can include more requirements than indicated in this clause.
11.2 Responsibilities
Those who are responsible for work in drains and sewers, including the operator of the drain or sewer system shall ensure that the work does not present a risk to the health or safety of any person carrying out the work or any person who may be affected by their actions.In addition it is the responsibility of employers to:
— provide safe systems of work including arrangements for safe access to and egress from the sewer system;— ensure that their employees are properly instructed, trained and supervized in the work being carried out and in the safe systems of work in use.
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11.3 Safe systems of work
Employers shall, so far as is reasonably practical, provide and maintain systems of work which are safe and without risks to health. The systems of work shall cover all aspects of the works including above-ground operations (for example manhole location and traffic control), access to the sewer system and all operations in the sewer system. Detailed systems of work for rescue and emergency evacuation procedures shall be in writing. They shall also set out procedures for detection and prevention of sudden inflows of toxic, flammable or explosive substances, hot liquids or flood water discharged into the sewer system. Special precautions shall be taken when entering inverted siphons.The team size shall be sufficient to ensure that suitably trained personnel are:
— on the surface to summon assistance and/or effect a rescue should it become necessary.— on the surface and in manholes to ensure that there is communication between personnel in the sewer and both the entry and exit manholes.
11.4 Training and supervision
All personnel shall have appropriate training to enable them to carry out their work safely. In particular, all personnel involved in sewer work shall have appropriate training in safety procedures for work in confined spaces.
11.5 Traffic control
Measures shall be taken to warn and control traffic. These shall comply with the requirements of the relevant authority and can include the provision of warning road signs and flashing beacons.
11.6 Protective equipment and welfare facilities
Personal protective equipment including protective clothing, warning clothing and atmospheric monitoring equipment shall be provided. In addition, ventilation, communication and lifting equipment, rescue equipment provided should be appropriate to the task undertaken.All persons employed in work which involves entry into manholes or sewers or contact with raw sewage shall have access to washing and showering facilities.First aid equipment shall also be provided.
11.7 Emergency procedures
Breathing apparatus shall be available on site and the team shall be sufficiently trained in its use to escape or be able to effect rescue in the event of oxygen deficiency or operatives inhaling toxic or asphyxiating gases. In the event of a collapse of a person in a confined space, no-one shall attempt to enter the confined space to attempt a rescue without breathing apparatus.
11.8 Temporary works
Temporary works and arrangements for dealing with flow shall be designed with safety in mind. Care shall be taken to ensure that exhaust fumes from pumps or other machinery are kept away from manholes and that any dams or stoppers are sufficiently robust to withstand any hydraulic pressure likely to be applied while in use.
11.9 Excavation work
When carrying out excavation work precautions shall be taken to avoid any danger to persons caused by collapse of the sides of the excavation, and to avoid damage to other utility services in the proximity of the excavations. Due regard shall also be taken to the need for safe operation of machinery and in particular the need for adequate working space.NOTE EN 1610 Construction and testing of drains and sewers, gives guidance on trenching work.
11.10 Hazardous materials
The use of materials and chemicals in sewer renovation work, which may be toxic, flammable, or give irritation to human skin or internal organs, or are otherwise hazardous, should be minimized. When handling, storing, or using hazardous materials, the system of work shall deal specifically with the precautions necessary, including particular reference to confined spaces. Processes may also generate dusts and fumes. Careful checks shall be made on the levels of harmful atmospheric contaminants and appropriate remedial measures taken where necessary.
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Annex A (informative) Sources of additional informationThe titles of the documents are translated for information. Only those documents where the title is marked with an asterisk (*) are available in the language of the title.
A.1 Austria
A.1.1 Austrian Standards (ÖNORM)
No. Title
B 2500 Abwassertechnik, Entstehung und Entsorgung von Abwasser, Begriffsbestimmungen und Zeichen.*Wastewater management: formation and disposal of wastewater; definitions and symbols.
B 2501 Entwässerungsanlagen für Gebäude und Grundstücke; Bestimmungen für Planung und Ausführung.*Sewer systems for buildings and premises; rules for planning and installation.
B 2503 Ortskanalanlagen (Straßenkanäle); Richtlinien der Ausführung.*Sewer systems; code of building practice.
B 2504 Schächte für Entwässerungsanlagen.*Manhole shafts for sewerage.
B 5012Teil 1
Part 1
Statische Berechnungen erdverlegter Rohrleitungen im Siedlungs- und Industriewasserbau, Grundlagen.*Static calculation of buried pipelines for water supply and sewerage: principles.
Teil 2
Part 2
Statische Berechnungen erdverlegter Rohrleitungen im Siedlungs- und Industriewasserbau, Lastannahmen, rechnerische Nachweise.*Static calculation of buried pipelines as parts of water and sewerage conduits for housing and industry; assumptions of charge, calculating certificates.
B 50 13 Teil 1
Part 1
Oberflächenschutz mit organischen Schutzmaterialien im Siedlungswasserbau: Abschätzung der Korrosionswahrscheinlichkeit und Schutz von unlegierten und niederlegierten Eisenwerkstoffen.*Corrosion protection by organic coatings for water and wastewater engineering in residential areas, assessment of corrosion probability and protection of unalloyed and low-alloyed ferrous materials.
B 50 13 Teil 2
Part 2
Oberflächenschutz mit organischen Schutzmaterialien im Siedlungswasserbau: Abschätzung der Korrosionswahrscheinlichkeit und Schutz von zementgebundenen Werkstoffen.*Corrosion protection by organic coatings for water and wastewater engineering in residential areas, assessment of corrosion probability and protection of cement-bound materials.
B 5016 Überprüfung von Erdarbeiten für Rohrleitungen des Siedlungs- und Industriewasserbaues; Verdichtungsgrade.*Examination of earthworks for pipelines of water and sewage conduits for housing and industry — Degrees of compaction.
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A.1.2 Austrian Water and Waste Management Association — Rules of Practice (ÖWAV -Österreichischer Wasser — und Abfallwirtschaftsverband — Regelblätter)
No. Title
Regelblatt 5Rule 5
Richtlinien für die hydraulische Berechnung von Abwasserkanälen.*Guidelines for the hydraulic calculation of sewerage pipelines.
Regelblatt 11
Rule 11
Richtlinien für die abwassertechnische Berechnung von Schmutz-, Regen- und Mischwasserkanälen.*Guidelines for Technical calculation of foul water, stormwater and combined systems.
Regelblatt 14 Teil A
Rule 14Part A
Richtlinien zur Verhütung von Unfällen auf Kanalisations- undAbwasserreinigungsanlagen.Teil A — Bau und Einrichtung, 1983.*Guidelines for the prevention of accidents in sewer systems and in sewage treatment plants.Part A — Construction and equipment, 1983.
Regelblatt 18 Teil B
Rule 18 Part B
Richtlinien zur Verhütung von Unfällen auf Kanalisations- undAbwasserreinigungsanlagen.Teil B — Betrieb, 1987.*Guidelines for the prevention of accidents in sewer systems and in sewage treatment plants.Part B — Operation, 1987.
Regelblatt 19
Rule 19
Richtlinien für die Bemessung und Gestaltung von Regenentlastungen in Mischwasserkanälen.*Guidelines for the design of stormwater overflows in combined systems.
Regelblatt 21Rule 21
Kanalkataster.*Documentation of sewerage systems.
Regelblatt 22Rule 22
Kanalwartung und Kanalerneuerung.*Maintenance and renewal of sewerage systems.
A.1.3 Other guidelines
No. Title
ZL.57.030/3-V-6/84 Technische Richtlinien für die Errichtung, Erweiterung und Verbesserung von mit Mitteln des Wasserwirtschaftsfonds gefördertenWasserversorgungs- und Abwasserbeseitigungsanlagen (Technische Richtlinien des Wasserwirtschaftsfonds). Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie.*
Technical guidelines for the construction, extension and improvement of water supply and wastewater systems financially supported by the Water Management Fund (Technical Guidelines of the Water Management Fund). Federal Ministry for Environment, Youth and Family.
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A.2 Denmark
A.2.1 Danish Standards Association (DS)
No. Title
DS 421 Norm for tætte fleksible samlinger i ledninger af beton mv.*Code of practice for flexible watertight joints for pipelines of concrete, etc.
DS 430 Norm for lægning af fleksible ledninger af plast i jord.*Code of practice for the laying of underground flexible pipelines of plastic.*
DS 437 Norm for lægning af stive ledninger af beton mv i jord.*Code of practice for the laying of underground rigid pipelines of concrete, etc.*
DS 455 Norm for tæthed af aflØbssystemer i jord.*Code of practice for impenetrability of underground sewer systems.
A.2.2 The Danish Water Pollution Committee
No. Title
Skrift nr. 18Guide 18
MaksimalafstrØmninger og bassinvoluminer fra historiske regnserier.*Urban storm water runoff and storage tanks calculated with series of historical rain events.
Skrift nr. 21Guide 21
Recipientbelastning fra overlØbssystemer.*Calculation of combined Sewer overflow on receiving waters.
Skrift nr. 22Guide 22
Forurening af vandlØb fra overlØbsbygværker.*The impact of combined sewer overflows on small streams.
Skrift nr. 24Guide 24
Standardiserede data for aflØbssystemer.*Standardised data for sewer systems.
ISBN 87-254-15-8 Huskelist for fornyelse af aflØbssystemer*.Check list for preparation of sewer rehabilitations plans.
A.2.3 The National Agency of Environmental Protection
No. Title
SPVF nr. 6, 1990
SPVF nr. 13,1990
Kvalitetsstyring af aflØbsprojekter*.Quality control of sewer projects.Udarbejdelse af fornyelsesplaner for aflØbssystemer*.Preparation of projects for renovation of sewer systems.
SPVF nr. 22 Renovering af aflØbssystemer;Belastning af PEH-rØr ved dynamisk rØrsproengning*.Renovation of sewer systems;HDPE pipes: Stress by dynamic pipe cracking.
SPVF nr. 33 Fornyelse af aflØbssystemer; behov og Økonomi*.Rehabilitation of sewer systems; needs and finance.
SPVF nr. 48 Uvedkommende vand i aflØbssystemer*.Intruding water in sewer systems.
Projekt nr. 137Project no. 137
Regulering af forurening fra aflØbssystemer under regn*.Control of pollution from sewer systems during rain.
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A.2.4 The Danish Technological Institute
No. Title
ISBN 87-7511-974-9 Renovering af aflØbsledninger, retningslinier for valg, dimensionering og udfØrelse*.Rehabilitation of sewer systems, guidelines for choice of method, design and installation.
ISBN 87-7756-112 BedØmmelse af aflØbsledningers levetid*.Evaluation of life of sewer systems.
ISBN 87-7756-103-1 TV-inspektion af aflØbsledninger:Særlige betingelser og beskrivelser for udfØrelse*.CCTV-Inspection of Sewer Systems:Special terms and specifications of operation
ISBN 87-7511-575-1 TV-inspektion af aflØbsledninger:Standarddefinitioner og fotomanual*.CCTV-Inspection of Sewer Systems:Classification system and photo manual
A.2.5 Calculation Tools
No. Title
SVK guide MOUSE Modelling of Urban Sewer Systems.
Nos. 18 & 21 SOFFI Calculation of Hydrogen Sulphide in Pressure Systems — Dosage and Effect.
DAS Database System for Sewer Systems.
SAMBA Simple Model for Calculation of Overflow Quantities.
SVK Guide No. 22. DOSMO Dissolved Oxygen Stream Model.
A.2.6 Building Regulation
Bygningsreglementet BR 1995 Udgivet af Boligministeriet
Danish Building Regulation BR 1995 Published by Ministry of Housing and Building
No. Title
DS 432 Norm for aflØbsinstallationerCode of Practice for sanitary drainage — Waste-water installations
DS 475 Norm for etablering af ledningsanlæg i jordCode of Practice for trenching for underground pipes and cables
A.3 France
No. Title
Instruction technique relative aux réseaux d’assainissement des agglomérations (1977)*:Chapitre 1 Conception générale*Chapitre 2 Calcul des débits d’eaux pluviales*Chapitre 3 Calcul des débits d’eaux usées*Chapitre 4 Calcul des sections des ouvrages*Chapitre 5 Condition d’établissement des réseaux*Chapitre 6 Ouvrages annexes*Chapitre 7 Bassins de retenue d’eaux pluviales*
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Technical Directive for Urban Drain and Sewer Systems (1977):Chapter 1 General design dataChapter 2 Calculation of rainwater flow ratesChapter 3 Calculation of wastewater flow ratesChapter 4 Dimensioning of pipe diametersChapter 5 Conditions for installation of systemsChapter 6 Ancillary worksChapter 7 Detention tanks for rainwater.Cahier des clauses techniques générales applicables aux marchés publics de travaux (ouvrages d’assainissement): Fascicule 70*Chapitre 1 Dispositions générales*Chapitre 2 Nature et qualité des matériaux*Chapitre 3 Règles de conception et de calcul des ouvrages*Chapitre 4 Prestations préalables*Chapitre 5 Exécution des travaux*Chapitre 6 Conditions de réception.*General technical requirements for public contracts dealing with installation of wastewater systems (Book No. 70)Chapter 1 General requirementsChapter 2 Type and quality requirements for materialsChapter 3 Design requirements including structural design
Chapter 4 Preliminary workChapter 5 InstallationChapter 6 Commissioning requirements
Recueil des recommandations techniques applicables aux travaux de réhabilitation des réseaux d’assainissement (AGHTM)*.Technical specifications relating to sewerage systems rehabilitation work (AGHTM).
Manuel de recommandations techniques pour l’inspection télévisée des réseaux d’assainissement (AGHTM)*.Technical specification for CCTV inspection of sewerage systems (AGHTM).
Guide international pour l’auscultation et la réhabilitation des conduites (FSTT — NANCI.E 1992)*.International Guide for Auscultation and Rehabilitation of Pipelines (FSTT — NANCI.E 1992).
Réhabilitation des réseaux d’assainissement (édité en 93 par RESEAU)*.Rehabilitation of sewerage systems (edited in 1993 by RESEAU)
Réception diagnostic et réhabilitation de réseaux d’eaux usées (CREATE 1983 et 1992)*.Commissioning requirements, diagnosis and rehabilitation of sewerage systems (CREATE 1983 and 1992).
La pratique des études de réseau d’assainissement à l’agence de Bassin Seine-Normandie (CREATE 1986)*.Diagnosis of sewerage systems — Balance sheet of Seine-Normandie’s studies (CREATE 1986).
Recommandations pour la réception des réseaux d’assainissement par test d’étanchéité (air ou eau). Comparaison des deux méthodes (CREATE 1993)*.Technical requirements for commissioning networks with watertightness tests (air or water tests). Comparison of those two methods (CREATE 1993).
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A.4 Germany
No. Title
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 140ATV-Standard A 140
Regeln für den Kanalbetrieb, Teil 1: Kanalnetz.*Rules for the Operation of Sewers, Part 1: The Sewer Network.*
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 142ATV-Standard A 142
Abwasserkanäle und -leitungen in Wassergewinnungsgebieten.*Sewers and Drains in Water Catchment Areas.*
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 145ATV-Standard A 145
Aufbau und Anwendung einer Kanaldatenbank.*Creation and Application of a Sewer Database.*
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 147
ATV-Standard A 147
Betriebsaufwand für die KanalisationTeil 1: Betriebsaufgaben und Intervalle.*Operating Expenditure for Sewer SystemsPart 1: Operating tasks and Intervals.*
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 148
ATV-Standard A 148
Dienst- und Betriebsanweisung für das Personal vonAbwasserpumpwerken, -druckleitungen und Regenbecken.*Service and Operating Instructions for Personnel of Wastewater Pumping Stations, Wastewater Pressure pipelines and Stormwater Tanks.*
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 163ATV-Standard A 163
Indirekteinleiter — Teil 1: Erfassung.*Indirect Discharge — Part 1: Registration.*
ATV-Arbeitsblatt A 241ATV-Standard A 241
Bauwerke in Entwässerungsanlagen.*Drainage Structures in Drainage Systems.*
ATV-Merkblatt M 108
ATV-Advisory leaflet M 108
Maßnahmen gegen gefährdende Stoffe in Abwasseranlagen — Hinweise für eine Betriebsanweisung*Measures against hazardous substances in Wastewater Systems — NOte for an operating instruction.*
ATV-Merkblatt M 141ATV-Advisory leaflet M 141
Vorsorgemaßnahmen für Notfälle bei öffentlichen Abwasseranlagen.*Measures for Cases of Emergency with Public Wastewater Systems.*
ATV-Merkblatt M 143 Inspektion, Instandsetzung, Sanierung und Erneuerung vonAbwasserkanälen und -leitungen:Teil 1: Grundlagen.*Teil 2: Optische Inspektion.*Teil 3: Relining.*
ATV-Advisory leaflet M 143Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and DrainsPart 1: Principles.*Part 2: Optical Inspection.*Part 3: Relining.
DIN 4045DIN 4045
Abwassertechnik — Begriffe.*Wastewater Engineering — Definitions.*
DIN 19550
DIN 19550
Allgemeine Anforderungen an Rohre und Formstücke für erdverlegte Abwasserkanäle und -leitungen.*General requirements for Pipes and Fittings for Buried Sewers and Drains.*
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A.5 Ireland
A.5.1 British Standards
No. Title
BS 6100-2.7 Building and Civil Engineering terms. Part 2 Civil engineering. Section 2.7 Public health. Environmental engineering.*
BS 8000-14 Workmanship on building sites. Part 14 Code of practice for below ground drainage.*
BS 8005-1 Sewerage: Guide to new Sewerage Construction.*
BS 8005-2 Sewerage: Guide to Pumping Stations and Pumping Mains.*
BS 8005-3 Sewerage: Guide to Planning and Construction of Sewers in Tunnel.*
BS 8005-4 Sewerage: Guide to Design and Construction of Outfalls.*
BS 8005-5 Sewerage: Guide to Rehabilitation of Sewers.*
BS 8301 Code of Practice for Building Drainage.*
A.5.2 Building Regulations
No. Title
Building Regulations 1991 — Department of Environment. Available from Government Publications Office, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2.*
A.6 Netherlands
No. Title
NPR 3218 Buitenriolering onder vrij verval — Aanleg en onderhoud.*Drainage and sewerage gravity systems outside buildings — Installation and maintenance.
NEN 3219 (Ontwerp) Buitenriolering — Aanduiding op tekeningen.*(Draft) Drainage and sewerage outside buildings — Symbols for drawings.
NEN 3220 Buitenriolering — Beheer.*Sewerage systems outside buildings — Management.
NEN 3221 Buitenriolering onder over — en onderdruk — Ontwerpcriteria, aanleg en onderhoud.*Drainage and sewerage partial vacuum and overpressure systems outside buildings — Design requirements, installation and maintenance.
NEN 3300 Buitenriolering — Termen en definities*Drainage and sewerage outside buildings Terminology.
NPR 3398 Buitenriolering — Inspectie en toestandbeoordeling van riolen.*Sewerage systems outside buildings — Inspection and condition assessment of sewers.
NEN 3399 Buitenriolering — Classificatiesysteem bij visuele inspectie van riolen.*Sewerage systems outside buildings — Classification system for visual inspection of sewers.NOTE NEN 3399 is also available in English, German and French.
NPR 7061 Aanleg van rioolpersleidingen van ongeplastificeerd PVC.*Installation of buried unplasticized PVC sewer pipelines under pressure.
Leidraad riolering*Guide of sewer systems
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A.7 Portugal
A.7.1 Portugese Regulations
No. Title
Decreto-Lei n° 207/94 e Decreto Regulamentar n° 23/95Government decree n° 207/94 and Regulation Decree n° 23/95
Regulamento Geral dos Sistemas Públicos e Prediais de Distribuição de Água e de Drenagem de Águas Residuais, Imprensa Nacional, Casa de Moeda. Lisboa.*General Regulation of Water Distribution and Public Sewerage Systems. Imprensa Nacional, Casa de Moeda, Lisbon.
A.7.2 Portugese Standards
No. Title
NP-676 (1973) Redes de Esgotos. Sarjetas. Tipos, caracteristícas e condições de emprego.*Sewerage Systems. Storm water inlets. Types, characteristics and using conditions.
NP-677 (1973) Redes de Esgotos. Sarjetas. Ensaios de permeabilidade.*Sewerage Systems. Storm water inlets. Water tightness tests.
NP-881 (1971) Redes de Esgotos. Câmaras de visita. Características.*Sewerage Systems. Manholes. Characteristics.
NP-882 (1971) Redes de Esgotos. Elementos pré-frabricados para câmara de visita. Características e recepção.*Sewerage Systems. Prefabricated elements for manholes. Characteristics and reception.
NP-883 (1971) Redes de Esgotos. Degraus das câmaras. Características e montagem.*Sewerage Systems. Steps of manholes. Characteristics and assemblage.
NP-893 (1972) Redes de Esgotos, Construção e Conservação.*Sewerage Systems, Building and maintenance.
NP-894 (1972) Redes de Esgotos. Verificação de estanquidade.*Sewerage Systems. Watertightness tests.
A.8 Sweden
A.8.1 Nordic Committee on Building Regulations
No. Title
NKB Publication N° N48E Guidelines for Building Regulations for Water Supply and Drainage Systems, August 1983.*
A.8.2 Swedish Water and Waste Water Works Association, VAV
No. Title
VAV P47 Avloppspumpstationer. Dimensionering, Utformning och drift.*Guidelines for pumping stations. Planning design and operation.
VAV P64 Skyddshandduk för avloppessarbete.*Sewerage: Guide to safety precautions.
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A.8.3 National Board of Occupations
No. Title
AFS 1984:19 Värgarbete.*Road work
AFS 1994:50 Värgarbete, ändringar.*Road work, revisions.
A.9 Switzerland
No. Title
SN 533190 Kanalisationen.*Canalisations.*Canalizzazioni *Sewer Systems
SN 592000 Liegenschaftsentwässerung.*Evacuation des eaux des bien-fonds.*Smaltimento delle acque dei fondi.*Drainage systems inside and outside buildings
SN 531205 Verlegung von unterirdischen Leitungen.*Pose de conduites souterraines.*Construction of pipelines.
VSA-Richtlinie
VSA-Guideline
Genereller Entwässerungsplan (GEP).*Plan général d’évacuation des eaux (PGEE).*Piano generale di smaltimento delle acque (PGS).The Integrated Urban Drainage Master Plan.
VSA-Richtlinie
VSA-Guideline
Unterhalt von Kanalisationen.*Entretien des canalisations.*Manutenzione delle canalizzazioni.*Maintenance of Sewer Systems.
SUVA-RichtlinieSUVA-Specification
Sicheres Einsteigen und Arbeiten in Schächten, Gruben und KanälenSafe entering and working in shafts, trenches and sewers
SUVA-RichtlinieSUVA-Specification
Arbeiten in Behältern und engen Räumen.*Working in tanks and confined spaces.
A.10 United Kingdom
A.10.1 British Standards
No. Title
BS 6100-2.7 Building and Civil Engineering terms. Part 2 Civil Enginering. Section 2.7 Public health. Environmental engineering.*
BS 8000-14 Workmanship on building sites. Part 14 Code of practice for below ground drainage.*
BS 8005-1 Sewerage: Guide to new Sewerage Construction.*
BS 8005-2 Sewerage: Guide to Pumping Stations and Pumping Mains.*
BS 8005-3 Sewerage: Guide to Planning and Construction of Sewers in Tunnel.*
BS 8005-4 Sewerage: Guide to Design and Construction of Outfalls.*
BS 8005-5 Sewerage: Guide to Rehabilitation of Sewers.*
BS 8301 Code of Practice for Building Drainage.*
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A.10.2 Building regulations
No. Title
ISBN 0 11 7522 02 3 Building Regulations 1991 (revised) — Drainage and Waste Disposal Approved Document “H”.*
ISBN 0 11 495163 2 The Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990, Technical Standards.Part M — Drainage and Sanitation.*
ISBN 0 337 08225 1 The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990, Technical Booklet N — Drainage.*
A.10.3 Other Documents
No. Title
ISBN 0 902156 91 8 Civil Engineering Specification for the Water Industry. Water Services Association/WRc.*
ISBN 0 902156 77 2 Sewers for Adoption. Water Services Association/WRc.*
ISBN 0 902156 82 9 Standard Specification for Water and Sewerage Schemes. Scottish Association of Directors of Water and Sewerage Services/Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland)/WRc.*
Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual, WRc Medmenham*
ISBN 0-90-215689-6 Manual of Sewer Condition Classification, Water Services Association/Foundation for Water Research/WRc*.
A guide to Short Term Flow Surveys in sewers, WRc Medmenham*
A Guide to Sewerage Operational Practices, Foundation for Water Research, Marlow*
ISBN 0 902156 95 0 Model contract document for sewer condition inspection. Water Services Association/Foundation for Water Research/WRc*
ISBN 0 902156 90 X Model contract document for manhole location surveys and production of record maps. Water Services Association/Foundation for Water Research/WRc*
ISBN 0 902156 94 2 Model contract document for short term flow surveys. Water Services Association/Foundation for Water Research/WRc*
An inspector’s Guide to Sewerage Law. Water ServicesAssociation/Foundation for Water Research. FWR. Marlow*
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BS EN 752-7:1998
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